@techreport{EschFunkeRoosen2010,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas and Funke, Harald and Roosen, Petra},
  title     = {SIoBiA - Safety Implications of Biofuels in Aviation},
  publisher = {EASA},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  pages     = {279 Seiten},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Biofuels potentially interesting also for aviation purposes are predominantly liquid fuels produced from biomass. The most common biofuels today are biodiesel and bioethanol. Since diesel engines are rather rare in aviation this survey is focusing on ethanol admixed to gasoline products. The Directive 2003/30/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of May 8th 2003 on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport encourage a growing admixture of biogenic fuel components to fossil automotive gasoline. Some aircraft models equipped with spark ignited piston engines are approved for operation with automotive gasoline, frequently called "MOGAS" (motor gasoline). The majority of those approvals is limited to MOGAS compositions that do not contain methanol or ethanol beyond negligible amounts. In the past years (bio-)MTBE or (bio-)ETBE have been widely used as blending component of automotive gasoline whilst the usage of low-molecular alcohols like methanol or ethanol has been avoided due to the handling problems especially with regard to the strong affinity for water. With rising mandatory bio-admixtures the conversion of the basic biogenic ethanol to ETBE, causing a reduction of energetic payoff, becomes more and more unattractive. Therefore the direct ethanol admixture is accordingly favoured. Due to the national enforcements of the directive 2003/30/EC more oxygenates produced from organic materials like bioethanol have started to appear in automotive gasolines already. The current fuel specification EN 228 already allows up to 3 \% volume per volume (v/v) (bio-)methanol or up to 5 \% v/v (bio-)ethanol as fuel components. This is also roughly the amount of biogenic components to comply with the legal requirements to avoid monetary penalties for producers and distributors of fuels. Since automotive fuel is cheaper than the common aviation gasoline (AVGAS), creates less problems with lead deposits in the engine, and in general produces less pollutants it is strongly favoured by pilots. But being designed for a different set of usage scenarios the use of automotive fuel with low molecular alcohols for aircraft operation may have adverse effects in aviation operation. Increasing amounts of ethanol admixtures impose various changes in the gasoline's chemical and physical properties, some of them rather unexpected and not within the range of flight experiences even of long-term pilots.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EschGoebel1993,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas and G{\"o}bel, T.},
  title     = {Gemischbildung bei drosselfreier Laststeuerung von Ottomotoren},
  series = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift. 54 (1993), H. 12},
  journal   = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift. 54 (1993), H. 12},
  isbn      = {0024-8525},
  pages     = {616 -- 618},
  year      = {1993},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EschGoebelPischinger1995,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas and G{\"o}bel, T. and Pischinger, M.},
  title     = {Variable Ventilsteuerung - Luft- und Kraftstoffzumessung bei Ottomotoren mit variabler Ventilsteuerung},
  series = {Forschungsberichte Verbrennungskraftmaschinen. 578 (1995)},
  journal   = {Forschungsberichte Verbrennungskraftmaschinen. 578 (1995)},
  pages     = {1 -- 42},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EschPischingerGoebel1996,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas and Pischinger, M. and G{\"o}bel, T.},
  title     = {Luft- und Kraftstoffzumessung bei Ottomotoren mit variabler Ventilsteuerung},
  series = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift. 57 (1996), H. 2},
  journal   = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift. 57 (1996), H. 2},
  isbn      = {0024-8525},
  pages     = {106 -- 115},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EschPischingerHagenetal.1998,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas and Pischinger, M. and Hagen, J. and Salber, W.},
  title     = {M{\"o}glichkeiten der ottomotorischen Prozeßf{\"u}hrung bei Verwendung des elektromechanischen Ventiltriebs},
  pages     = {987 -- 1015},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EschSalberKemperetal.2001,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas and Salber, W. and Kemper, Hans and Staay, F. van der},
  title     = {Der elektromechanische Ventiltrieb - Systembaustein f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Antriebskonzepte, Teil 2.},
  series = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ).},
  volume    = {62},
  journal   = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ).},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {0024-8525},
  doi       = {10.1007/bf03227081},
  pages     = {44 -- 55},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EschSalberKemperetal.2000,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas and Salber, W. and Kemper, Hans and Staay, F. van der},
  title     = {Der elektromechanische Ventiltrieb - Systembaustein f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Antriebskonzepte, Teil 1.},
  series = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ).},
  volume    = {61},
  journal   = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ).},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {0024-8525},
  doi       = {10.1007/bf03227081},
  pages     = {826 -- 836},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EschSalberWoltersetal.2002,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas and Salber, Wolfgang and Wolters, Peter and Geiger, Jos{\´e} and Dilthey, Jochen},
  title     = {Synergies of variable valve actuation and direct injection},
  series = {Direct injection SI engine technology 2002 : [SAE 2002 world congress, Detroit, Michigan, USA, March 4 - 7, 2002].},
  journal   = {Direct injection SI engine technology 2002 : [SAE 2002 world congress, Detroit, Michigan, USA, March 4 - 7, 2002].},
  publisher = {Society of Automotive Engineers},
  address   = {Warrendale, Pa},
  isbn      = {0-7680-0961-8},
  pages     = {45 -- 53},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EschSaupeFahletal.1994,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas and Saupe, T. and Fahl, E. and Koch, F.},
  title     = {Verbrauchseinsparung durch bedarfsgerechten Antrieb der Nebenaggregate},
  series = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift. 55 (1994), H. 7/8},
  journal   = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift. 55 (1994), H. 7/8},
  isbn      = {0024-8525},
  pages     = {416 -- 431},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EschWoltersSalberetal.2001,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas and Wolters, P. and Salber, W. and Geiger, J.},
  title     = {Variable Ventilsteuerung und Direkteinspritzung - vom Wettbewerb zur Synergie},
  series = {Motor und Umwelt 2001, Internal Combustion Engine Versus Fuel Cell - Potential and Limitations as Automotive Power Sources, Verbrennungsmotor versus Brennstoffzelle - Potenziale und Grenzen f{\"u}r den Automobilantrieb, Proc., Graz, AT, 6.-7. Sep, 2001},
  journal   = {Motor und Umwelt 2001, Internal Combustion Engine Versus Fuel Cell - Potential and Limitations as Automotive Power Sources, Verbrennungsmotor versus Brennstoffzelle - Potenziale und Grenzen f{\"u}r den Automobilantrieb, Proc., Graz, AT, 6.-7. Sep, 2001},
  pages     = {183 -- 206},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FayyaziSardarThomasetal.2023,
  author    = {Fayyazi, Mojgan and Sardar, Paramjotsingh and Thomas, Sumit Infent and Daghigh, Roonak and Jamali, Ali and Esch, Thomas and Kemper, Hans and Langari, Reza and Khayyam, Hamid},
  title     = {Artificial intelligence/machine learning in energy management systems, control, and optimization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles},
  volume    = {15},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/su15065249},
  pages     = {38},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Environmental emissions, global warming, and energy-related concerns have accelerated the advancements in conventional vehicles that primarily use internal combustion engines. Among the existing technologies, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles may have minimal contributions to greenhouse gas emissions and thus are the prime choices for environmental concerns. However, energy management in fuel cell electric vehicles and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles is a major challenge. Appropriate control strategies should be used for effective energy management in these vehicles. On the other hand, there has been significant progress in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and designing data-driven intelligent controllers. These techniques have found much attention within the community, and state-of-the-art energy management technologies have been developed based on them. This manuscript reviews the application of machine learning and intelligent controllers for prediction, control, energy management, and vehicle to everything (V2X) in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The effectiveness of data-driven control and optimization systems are investigated to evolve, classify, and compare, and future trends and directions for sustainability are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{FeldmannFranckeEspeetal.2022,
  author    = {Feldmann, Marco and Francke, Gero and Espe, Clemes and Chen, Qian and Baader, Fabian and Boxberg, Marc S. and Sustrate, Anna-Marie and Kowalski, Julia and Dachwald, Bernd},
  title     = {Performance data of an ice-melting probe from field tests in two different ice environments},
  doi       = {10.5281/zenodo.6094866},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This dataset was acquired at field tests of the steerable ice-melting probe "EnEx-IceMole" (Dachwald et al., 2014). A field test in summer 2014 was used to test the melting probe's system, before the probe was shipped to Antarctica, where, in international cooperation with the MIDGE project, the objective of a sampling mission in the southern hemisphere summer 2014/2015 was to return a clean englacial sample from the subglacial brine reservoir supplying the Blood Falls at Taylor Glacier (Badgeley et al., 2017, German et al., 2021). The standardized log-files generated by the IceMole during melting operation include more than 100 operational parameters, housekeeping information, and error states, which are reported to the base station in intervals of 4 s. Occasional packet loss in data transmission resulted in a sparse number of increased sampling intervals, which where compensated for by linear interpolation during post processing. The presented dataset is based on a subset of this data: The penetration distance is calculated based on the ice screw drive encoder signal, providing the rate of rotation, and the screw's thread pitch. The melting speed is calculated from the same data, assuming the rate of rotation to be constant over one sampling interval. The contact force is calculated from the longitudinal screw force, which es measured by strain gauges. The used heating power is calculated from binary states of all heating elements, which can only be either switched on or off. Temperatures are measured at each heating element and averaged for three zones (melting head, side-wall heaters and back-plate heaters).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Finger2016,
  author    = {Finger, Felix},
  title     = {Senkrechtstarter: FH-Absolvent wird f{\"u}r Transportdrohne ausgezeichnet},
  series = {campushunter: das etwas andere Karrieremagazin - Wintersemester 16/17},
  journal   = {campushunter: das etwas andere Karrieremagazin - Wintersemester 16/17},
  number    = {17. Regionalausgabe Aachen},
  publisher = {Campushunter Media},
  address   = {Heidelberg},
  issn      = {2196-9426},
  pages     = {116 -- 117},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Finger2017,
  author    = {Finger, Felix},
  title     = {Vergleichende Leistungs- und Nutzenbewertung von VTOL- und CTOL-UAVs},
  series = {Luft- und Raumfahrt : informieren, vernetzen, f{\"o}rdern / Hrsg.: Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Luft- und Raumfahrt},
  volume    = {38},
  journal   = {Luft- und Raumfahrt : informieren, vernetzen, f{\"o}rdern / Hrsg.: Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Luft- und Raumfahrt},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {0173-6264},
  pages     = {44 -- 47},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Finger2016,
  author    = {Finger, Felix},
  title     = {Comparative Performance and Benefit Assessment of VTOL and CTOL UAVs},
  series = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress (DLRK) 2016, 13.-15.9.2016},
  booktitle = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress (DLRK) 2016, 13.-15.9.2016},
  pages     = {10 Seiten},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FingerBilBraun2019,
  author    = {Finger, Felix and Bil, Cees and Braun, Carsten},
  title     = {Initial Sizing Methodology for Hybrid-Electric General Aviation Aircraft},
  series = {Journal of Aircraft},
  volume    = {57},
  journal   = {Journal of Aircraft},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1533-3868},
  doi       = {10.2514/1.C035428},
  pages     = {245 -- 255},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FingerBraunBil2018,
  author    = {Finger, Felix and Braun, Carsten and Bil, Cees},
  title     = {Case studies in initial sizing for hybrid-electric general aviation aircraft},
  series = {2018 AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium, Cincinnati, Ohio},
  booktitle = {2018 AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium, Cincinnati, Ohio},
  doi       = {10.2514/6.2018-5005},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FingerBraunBil2018,
  author    = {Finger, Felix and Braun, Carsten and Bil, Cees},
  title     = {Impact of electric propulsion technology and mission requirements on the performance of VTOL UAVs},
  series = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Springer},
  issn      = {1869-5582 print},
  doi       = {10.1007/s13272-018-0352-x},
  pages     = {843},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {One of the engineering challenges in aviation is the design of transitioning vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft. Thrust-borne flight implies a higher mass fraction of the propulsion system, as well as much increased energy consumption in the take-off and landing phases. This mass increase is typically higher for aircraft with a separate lift propulsion system than for aircraft that use the cruise propulsion system to support a dedicated lift system. However, for a cost-benefit trade study, it is necessary to quantify the impact the VTOL requirement and propulsion configuration has on aircraft mass and size. For this reason, sizing studies are conducted. This paper explores the impact of considering a supplemental electric propulsion system for achieving hovering flight. Key variables in this study, apart from the lift system configuration, are the rotor disk loading and hover flight time, as well as the electrical systems technology level for both batteries and motors. Payload and endurance are typically used as the measures of merit for unmanned aircraft that carry electro-optical sensors, and therefore the analysis focuses on these particular parameters.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FingerBraunBil2017,
  author    = {Finger, Felix and Braun, Carsten and Bil, Cees},
  title     = {The Impact of Electric Propulsion on the Performance of VTOL UAVs},
  series = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2017, DLRK , M{\"u}nchen},
  booktitle = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2017, DLRK , M{\"u}nchen},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FingerBraunBil2017,
  author    = {Finger, Felix and Braun, Carsten and Bil, Cees},
  title     = {A Review of Configuration Design for Distributed Propulsion Transitioning VTOL Aircraft},
  series = {Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Aerospace Technology 2017, APISAT 2017, Seoul, Korea},
  booktitle = {Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Aerospace Technology 2017, APISAT 2017, Seoul, Korea},
  pages     = {15 Seiten},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}