@article{BertzSchoeningMolinnusetal.2024,
  author    = {Bertz, Morten and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Molinnus, Denise and Homma, Takayuki},
  title     = {Influence of temperature, light, and H₂O₂ concentration on microbial spore inactivation: in-situ Raman spectroscopy combined with optical trapping},
  series = {Physica status solidi (a) applications and materials science},
  journal   = {Physica status solidi (a) applications and materials science},
  number    = {Early View},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {1862-6319 (Online)},
  doi       = {10.1002/pssa.202300866},
  pages     = {8 Seiten},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {To gain insight on chemical sterilization processes, the influence of temperature (up to 70 °C), intense green light, and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentration (up to 30\% in aqueous solution) on microbial spore inactivation is evaluated by in-situ Raman spectroscopy with an optical trap. Bacillus atrophaeus is utilized as a model organism. Individual spores are isolated and their chemical makeup is monitored under dynamically changing conditions (temperature, light, and H₂O₂ concentration) to mimic industrially relevant process parameters for sterilization in the field of aseptic food processing. While isolated spores in water are highly stable, even at elevated temperatures of 70 °C, exposure to H₂O₂ leads to a loss of spore integrity characterized by the release of the key spore biomarker dipicolinic acid (DPA) in a concentration-dependent manner, which indicates damage to the inner membrane of the spore. Intensive light or heat, both of which accelerate the decomposition of H₂O₂ into reactive oxygen species (ROS), drastically shorten the spore lifetime, suggesting the formation of ROS as a rate-limiting step during sterilization. It is concluded that Raman spectroscopy can deliver mechanistic insight into the mode of action of H₂O₂-based sterilization and reveal the individual contributions of different sterilization methods acting in tandem.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BertzMolinnusSchoeningetal.2023,
  author    = {Bertz, Morten and Molinnus, Denise and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Homma, Takayuki},
  title     = {Real-time monitoring of H₂O₂ sterilization on individual bacillus atrophaeus spores by optical sensing with trapping Raman spectroscopy},
  series = {Chemosensors},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Chemosensors},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2227-9040},
  doi       = {10.3390/chemosensors11080445},
  pages     = {Artikel 445},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a strong oxidizer, is a commonly used sterilization agent employed during aseptic food processing and medical applications. To assess the sterilization efficiency with H₂O₂, bacterial spores are common microbial systems due to their remarkable robustness against a wide variety of decontamination strategies. Despite their widespread use, there is, however, only little information about the detailed time-resolved mechanism underlying the oxidative spore death by H₂O₂. In this work, we investigate chemical and morphological changes of individual Bacillus atrophaeus spores undergoing oxidative damage using optical sensing with trapping Raman microscopy in real-time. The time-resolved experiments reveal that spore death involves two distinct phases: (i) an initial phase dominated by the fast release of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a major spore biomarker, which indicates the rupture of the spore's core; and (ii) the oxidation of the remaining spore material resulting in the subsequent fragmentation of the spores' coat. Simultaneous observation of the spore morphology by optical microscopy corroborates these mechanisms. The dependence of the onset of DPA release and the time constant of spore fragmentation on H₂O₂ shows that the formation of reactive oxygen species from H₂O₂ is the rate-limiting factor of oxidative spore death.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BerretzSkorupaSanderetal.2011,
  author    = {Berretz, Frank and Skorupa, Sasche and Sander, Volker and Belloum, Adam and Bubak, Marian},
  title     = {Actor-Driven Workflow Execution in Distributed Environments},
  series = {Euro-Par 2010 Parallel Processing Workshops : HeteroPAR, HPCC, HiBB, CoreGrid, UCHPC, HPCF, PROPER, CCPI, VHPC ; Ischia, Italy, August 31 - September 3, 2010 ; revised selected papers / Mario R. Guarracino ... (eds.)},
  journal   = {Euro-Par 2010 Parallel Processing Workshops : HeteroPAR, HPCC, HiBB, CoreGrid, UCHPC, HPCF, PROPER, CCPI, VHPC ; Ischia, Italy, August 31 - September 3, 2010 ; revised selected papers / Mario R. Guarracino ... (eds.)},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-642-21877-4},
  pages     = {287 -- 294},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BerretzSkorupaSanderetal.2010,
  author    = {Berretz, F. and Skorupa, S. and Sander, Volker and Belloum, A.},
  title     = {Towards an actor-driven workflow management system for grids},
  series = {International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems (CTS), 2010 : 17 - 21 May 2010, Chicago, Illinois, USA / IEEE},
  journal   = {International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems (CTS), 2010 : 17 - 21 May 2010, Chicago, Illinois, USA / IEEE},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {Piscataway, NJ},
  isbn      = {978-1-4244-6619-1},
  pages     = {611 -- 616},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BerneckerKlierSternetal.2018,
  author    = {Bernecker, Andreas and Klier, Julia and Stern, Sebastian and Thiel, Lea},
  title     = {Sustaining high performance beyond public-sector pilot projects.},
  number    = {September 2018},
  organization    = {McKinsey\&Company},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{BerneckerBoyerGathmann2018,
  type      = {Working Paper},
  author    = {Bernecker, Andreas and Boyer, Pierre and Gathmann, Christina},
  title     = {The Role of Electoral Incentives for Policy Innovation: Evidence from the US Welfare Reform},
  series = {CESifo Working Paper},
  journal   = {CESifo Working Paper},
  number    = {No. 6964},
  organization    = {CESifo Group Munich},
  issn      = {ISSN 2364-1428 (electronic version)},
  pages     = {60},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BerneckerBoyerGathmann2021,
  author    = {Bernecker, Andreas and Boyer, Pierre C. and Gathmann, Christina},
  title     = {The Role of Electoral Incentives for Policy Innovation: Evidence from the US Welfare Reform},
  series = {American Economic Journal: Economic Policy},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {American Economic Journal: Economic Policy},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {American Economic Association},
  address   = {Nashville, Tenn.},
  issn      = {1945-774X},
  doi       = {10.1257/pol.20190690},
  pages     = {26 -- 57},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Bernecker2010,
  author    = {Bernecker, Andreas},
  title     = {A European Private Company: Is Europe's single legal form for SMEs close to approval?},
  series = {Research Briefing},
  journal   = {Research Briefing},
  publisher = {Deutsche Bank Research},
  address   = {Frankfurt a. M.},
  issn      = {2193-5955},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {This Research Briefing, issued in July 2010, concluded that: - Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe have long called for a matching legal form valid across the EU (similar to that of the European company (SE) for large firms) - The main benefits would be the availability of uniform Europe-wide company structures, significant cost reductions for businesses and further integration of the internal market - Given the differing national views regarding the concrete features of the new legal form there is currently no sign of an agreement being reached at the European level in the short term; however, it is possible that progress will be made in negotiations during the year - The key issues being discussed in depth are company formation, transnationality and employee participation rights in the new European private company (SPE).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Bernecker2016,
  author    = {Bernecker, Andreas},
  title     = {Divided we reform? Evidence from US welfare policies},
  series = {Journal of Public Economics},
  volume    = {142},
  journal   = {Journal of Public Economics},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0047-2727},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jpubeco.2016.08.003},
  pages     = {24 -- 38},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Divided government is often thought of as causing legislative deadlock. I investigate the link between divided government and economic reforms using a novel data set on welfare reforms in US states between 1978 and 2010. Panel data regressions show that, under divided government, a US state is around 25\% more likely to adopt a welfare reform than under unified government. Several robustness checks confirm this counter-intuitive finding. Case study evidence suggests an explanation based on policy competition between governor, senate, and house.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Bernecker2014,
  author    = {Bernecker, Andreas},
  title     = {Do politicians shirk when reelection is certain? Evidence from the German parliament},
  series = {European Journal of Political Economy},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {European Journal of Political Economy},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0176-2680},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.07.001},
  pages     = {55 -- 70},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Does stiffer electoral competition reduce political shirking? For a micro-analysis of this question, I construct a new data set spanning the years 2005 to 2012 covering biographical and political information about German Members of Parliament (MPs), including their attendance rates in voting sessions. For the parliament elected in 2009, I show that indeed opposition party MPs who expect to face a close race in their district show significantly and relevantly lower absence rates in parliament beforehand. MPs of governing parties seem not to react significantly to electoral competition. These results are confirmed by an analysis of the parliament elected in 2005, by several robustness checks, and also by employing an instrumental variable strategy exploiting convenient peculiarities of the German electoral system. The study also shows how MPs elected via party lists react to different levels of electoral competition.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Bernecker2014,
  author    = {Bernecker, Andreas},
  title     = {Divided Government and the Adoption of Economic Reforms},
  series = {CESifo DICE Report - Journal for Institutional Comparison},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {CESifo DICE Report - Journal for Institutional Comparison},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Ifo Institute for Economic Research},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  issn      = {1612-0663},
  pages     = {47 -- 52},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{Bernecker2014,
  author    = {Bernecker, Andreas},
  title     = {Essays in Empirical Political Economics},
  pages     = {XI, 174 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BerndtTurck1984,
  author    = {Berndt, Heinz and Turck, Christoph W.},
  title     = {Syntheses of defined peptide derivatives by aminolysis of 3-[Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl peptidyloxy] -2-hydroxy-N-methyl-benzamides at elevated temperatures II. Synthesis of the peptide derivatives Z-Ala-X-Gly-N(Et)2, X=Phe, Leu, Val, Ser (But), Glu (OBut)},
  series = {Chemistry of peptides and proteins : proceedings of the Fourth USSR-FRG Symposium, T{\"u}bingen, Federal Republic of Germany, June 8 - 12, 1982 / ed. Wolfgang Voelter ... - Vol. 2},
  booktitle = {Chemistry of peptides and proteins : proceedings of the Fourth USSR-FRG Symposium, T{\"u}bingen, Federal Republic of Germany, June 8 - 12, 1982 / ed. Wolfgang Voelter ... - Vol. 2},
  editor    = {Voelter, Wolfgang},
  publisher = {de Gruyter},
  address   = {Berlin [u.a.]},
  isbn      = {3-11009-580-7},
  pages     = {97 -- 103},
  year      = {1984},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BerndtKrueger1985,
  author    = {Berndt, Heinz and Kr{\"u}ger, G{\"o}tz},
  title     = {Resolution of enantiomeric amino acid derivatives by high-performance liquid chromatography on chiral stationary phases},
  series = {Journal of chromatography A},
  volume    = {1985},
  journal   = {Journal of chromatography A},
  number    = {348},
  issn      = {0021-9673},
  doi       = {10.1016/S0021-9673(01)92461-6},
  pages     = {275 -- 279},
  year      = {1985},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BerndtKalbeKuropkaetal.1990,
  author    = {Berndt, Heinz and Kalbe, Jochen and Kuropka, Rolf and Meyer-Stork, L. Sebastian and H{\"o}cker, Hartwig},
  title     = {Progress and limitations of the DNA analysis in fine animal fiber identification},
  series = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Specialty Animal Fibers : Aachen, October 19 - 20, 1989. - (Schriftenreihe des Deutschen Wollforschungsinstituts an der Technischen Hochschule Aachen e. V. ; 106)},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Specialty Animal Fibers : Aachen, October 19 - 20, 1989. - (Schriftenreihe des Deutschen Wollforschungsinstituts an der Technischen Hochschule Aachen e. V. ; 106)},
  editor    = {K{\"o}rner, Andrea},
  publisher = {Dt. Wollforschungsinst.},
  address   = {Aachen},
  pages     = {259 -- 265},
  year      = {1990},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BerndtHoeckerKuropkaetal.1991,
  author    = {Berndt, Heinz and H{\"o}cker, Hartwig and Kuropka, Rolf and Kinkel, Joachim},
  title     = {Silane coated inorganic materials for chromatography : United States Patent},
  publisher = {[The United States Patent and Trademark Office]},
  address   = {[Alexandria, VA u.a.]},
  pages     = {9 S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {1991},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BergsMonakhovaDiehletal.2021,
  author    = {Bergs, Michel and Monakhova, Yulia and Diehl, Bernd W. and Konow, Christopher and V{\"o}lkering, Georg and Pude, Ralf and Schulze, Margit},
  title     = {Lignins isolated via catalyst-free organosolv pulping from Miscanthus x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara: a comparative study},
  series = {Molecules},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Molecules},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1420-3049},
  doi       = {10.3390/molecules26040842},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {As a low-input crop, Miscanthus offers numerous advantages that, in addition to agricultural applications, permits its exploitation for energy, fuel, and material production. Depending on the Miscanthus genotype, season, and harvest time as well as plant component (leaf versus stem), correlations between structure and properties of the corresponding isolated lignins differ. Here, a comparative study is presented between lignins isolated from M. x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara using a catalyst-free organosolv pulping process. The lignins from different plant constituents are also compared regarding their similarities and differences regarding monolignol ratio and important linkages. Results showed that the plant genotype has the weakest influence on monolignol content and interunit linkages. In contrast, structural differences are more significant among lignins of different harvest time and/or season. Analyses were performed using fast and simple methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Data was assigned to four different linkages (A: β-O-4 linkage, B: phenylcoumaran, C: resinol, D: β-unsaturated ester). In conclusion, A content is particularly high in leaf-derived lignins at just under 70\% and significantly lower in stem and mixture lignins at around 60\% and almost 65\%. The second most common linkage pattern is D in all isolated lignins, the proportion of which is also strongly dependent on the crop portion. Both stem and mixture lignins, have a relatively high share of approximately 20\% or more (maximum is M. sinensis Sin2 with over 30\%). In the leaf-derived lignins, the proportions are significantly lower on average. Stem samples should be chosen if the highest possible lignin content is desired, specifically from the M. x giganteus genotype, which revealed lignin contents up to 27\%. Due to the better frost resistance and higher stem stability, M. nagara offers some advantages compared to M. x giganteus. Miscanthus crops are shown to be very attractive lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) for second generation biorefineries and lignin generation in Europe.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BergmannDemuthSander2011,
  author    = {Bergmann, Sandra and Demuth, Bastian and Sander, Volker},
  title     = {A Web Framework for Workflow Submission and Monitoring via UNICORE 6 based on Distributable Scientific Workflow Templates},
  series = {UNICORE Summit 2011 : proceedings, 7-8 July 2011, Torun, Poland / Mathilde Romberg ... (Eds.)},
  journal   = {UNICORE Summit 2011 : proceedings, 7-8 July 2011, Torun, Poland / Mathilde Romberg ... (Eds.)},
  publisher = {Forschungszentrum J{\"u}lich},
  address   = {J{\"u}lich},
  isbn      = {9783893367504},
  pages     = {45 -- 50},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BergmannMoehrenBraunetal.2023,
  author    = {Bergmann, Ole and M{\"o}hren, Felix and Braun, Carsten and Janser, Frank},
  title     = {On the influence of elasticity on swept propeller noise},
  series = {AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum},
  journal   = {AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum},
  publisher = {AIAA},
  address   = {Reston, Va.},
  doi       = {10.2514/6.2023-0210},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {High aerodynamic efficiency requires propellers with high aspect ratios, while propeller sweep potentially reduces noise. Propeller sweep and high aspect ratios increase elasticity and coupling of structural mechanics and aerodynamics, affecting the propeller performance and noise. Therefore, this paper analyzes the influence of elasticity on forward-swept, backward-swept, and unswept propellers in hover conditions. A reduced-order blade element momentum approach is coupled with a one-dimensional Timoshenko beam theory and Farassat's formulation 1A. The results of the aeroelastic simulation are used as input for the aeroacoustic calculation. The analysis shows that elasticity influences noise radiation because thickness and loading noise respond differently to deformations. In the case of the backward-swept propeller, the location of the maximum sound pressure level shifts forward by 0.5 °, while in the case of the forward-swept propeller, it shifts backward by 0.5 °. Therefore, aeroacoustic optimization requires the consideration of propeller deformation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BergmannGoettenBraunetal.2022,
  author    = {Bergmann, Ole and G{\"o}tten, Falk and Braun, Carsten and Janser, Frank},
  title     = {Comparison and evaluation of blade element methods against RANS simulations and test data},
  series = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wien},
  issn      = {1869-5590 (Online)},
  doi       = {10.1007/s13272-022-00579-1},
  pages     = {535 -- 557},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This paper compares several blade element theory (BET) method-based propeller simulation tools, including an evaluation against static propeller ground tests and high-fidelity Reynolds-Average Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations. Two proprietary propeller geometries for paraglider applications are analysed in static and flight conditions. The RANS simulations are validated with the static test data and used as a reference for comparing the BET in flight conditions. The comparison includes the analysis of varying 2D aerodynamic airfoil parameters and different induced velocity calculation methods. The evaluation of the BET propeller simulation tools shows the strength of the BET tools compared to RANS simulations. The RANS simulations underpredict static experimental data within 10\% relative error, while appropriate BET tools overpredict the RANS results by 15-20\% relative error. A variation in 2D aerodynamic data depicts the need for highly accurate 2D data for accurate BET results. The nonlinear BET coupled with XFOIL for the 2D aerodynamic data matches best with RANS in static operation and flight conditions. The novel BET tool PropCODE combines both approaches and offers further correction models for highly accurate static and flight condition results.},
  language  = {en}
}