@inproceedings{KernDikta2009,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Dikta, Gerhard},
  title     = {Probability of damage of electrical and electronic systems due to indirect lightning flashes - investigation of data from German insurance companies},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {In the presented paper data collected from the field related to damage statistics of electrical and electronic apparatus in household are reported and investigated. These damages (total number approx. 74000 cases), registered by five German insurance companies in 2005 and 2006, were adviced by customers as caused by lightning overvoltages. With the use of stochastical methods it is possible, to reasses the collected data and to distinguish between cases, which are with high probability caused by lightning overvoltages, and those, which are not. If there was an indication for a direct strike, this case was excluded, so the focus was only on indirect lightning flashes, i.e. only flashes to ground near the structure and flashes to or nearby an incoming service line were investigated. The data from the field contain the location of damaged apparatus (residence of the policy holder) and the distances of the nearest cloud-to-ground stroke to the location of the damage registered by the German lightning location network BLIDS at the date of damage. The statistical data along with some complementary numerical simulations allow to verify the correspondence of the Standards rules used for IEC 62305-2 with the field data and to define some correction needs. The results could lead to a better understanding whether a damage reported to an insurance company is really caused by indirect lightning, or not.},
  subject      = {Blitzschutz},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchoeningAbdelghani2009,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Abdelghani, Adnane},
  title     = {Advancements in Nanotechnology and Microelectronics (ANM '09) <2009, Tunisia>: Proceedings book ; Tunisia, November, 13 \& 14, 2009 / Humboldt Kolleg. Ed. by Michael J. Sch{\"o}ning ; Adnane Abdelghani},
  organization    = {Humboldt-Kolleg Advancements in Nanotechnology and Microelectronics (ANM '09) <2009, Tunisia>},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:a96-opus-3113},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {The ANM'09 multi-disciplinary scientific program includes topics in the fields of "Nanotechnology and Microelectronics" ranging from "Bio/Micro/Nano Materials and Interfacing" aspects, "Chemical and Bio-Sensors", "Magnetic and Superconducting Devices", "MEMS and Microfluidics" over "Theoretical Aspects, Methods and Modelling" up to the important bridging "Academics meet Industry".},
  subject      = {Nanopartikel},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KirchhofKraft2004,
  author    = {Kirchhof, M. and Kraft, Bodo},
  title     = {UML-based modeling of architectural knowledge and design},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {IASSE-2004 - 13th International Conference on Intelligent and Adaptive Systems and Software Engineering eds. W. Dosch, N. Debnath, pp. 245-250, ISCA, Cary, NC, 1-3 July 2004, Nice, France We introduce a UML-based model for conceptual design support in civil engineering. Therefore, we identify required extensions to standard UML. Class diagrams are used for elaborating building typespecific knowledge: Object diagrams, implicitly contained in the architect's sketch, are validated against the defined knowledge. To enable the use of industrial, domain-specific tools, we provide an integrated conceptual design extension. The developed tool support is based on graph rewriting. With our approach architects are enabled to deal with semantic objects during early design phase, assisted by incremental consistency checks.},
  subject      = {UML},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KraftSchneider2005,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Schneider, Gerd},
  title     = {Semantic Roomobjects for Conceptual Design Support : A Knowledge-based Approach},
  isbn      = {978-1-4020-3460-2},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {In: Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2005 2005, Part 4, 207-216, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3698-1_19 The conceptual design at the beginning of the building construction process is essential for the success of a building project. Even if some CAD tools allow elaborating conceptual sketches, they rather focus on the shape of the building elements and not on their functionality. We introduce semantic roomobjects and roomlinks, by way of example to the CAD tool ArchiCAD. These extensions provide a basis for specifying the organisation and functionality of a building and free architects being forced to directly produce detailed constructive sketches. Furthermore, we introduce consistency analyses of the conceptual sketch, based on an ontology containing conceptual relevant knowledge, specific to one class of buildings.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KraftWilhelms2005,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Wilhelms, Nils},
  title     = {Visual Knowledge Specification for Conceptual Design},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Proc. of the 2005 ASCE Intl. Conf. on Computing in Civil Engineering (ICCC 2005) eds. L. Soibelman und F. Pena-Mora, Seite 1-14, ASCE (CD-ROM), Cancun, Mexico, 2005 Current CAD tools are not able to support the fundamental conceptual design phase, and none of them provides consistency analyses of sketches produced by architects. To give architects a greater support at the conceptual design phase, we develop a CAD tool for conceptual design and a knowledge specification tool allowing the definition of conceptually relevant knowledge. The knowledge is specific to one class of buildings and can be reused. Based on a dynamic knowledge model, different types of design rules formalize the knowledge in a graph-based realization. An expressive visual language provides a user-friendly, human readable representation. Finally, consistency analyses enable conceptual designs to be checked against this defined knowledge. In this paper we concentrate on the knowledge specification part of our project.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KraftRetkowitz2006,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Retkowitz, Daniel},
  title     = {Rule-Dependencies for Visual Knowledge Specification in Conceptual Design},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {In: Proc. of the 11th Intl. Conf. on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering (ICCCBE-XI) ed. Hugues Rivard, Montreal, Canada, Seite 1-12, ACSE (CD-ROM), 2006 Currently, the conceptual design phase is not adequately supported by any CAD tool. Neither the support while elaborating conceptual sketches, nor the automatic proof of correctness with respect to effective restrictions is currently provided by any commercial tool. To enable domain experts to store the common as well as their personal domain knowledge, we develop a visual language for knowledge formalization. In this paper, a major extension to the already existing concepts is introduced. The possibility to define rule dependencies extends the expressiveness of the knowledge definition language and contributes to the usability of our approach.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KraftNagl2007,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Nagl, Manfred},
  title     = {Visual Knowledge Specification for Conceptual Design: Definition and Tool Support},
  year      = {2007},
  abstract  = {In: Advanced Engineering Informatics. Vol 21, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 67-83 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2006.10.001 eds. J.C. Kunz, I.F.C. Smith and T. Tomiyama, Elsevier, Seite 1-22 Current CAD tools are not able to support the conceptual design phase, and none of them provides a consistency analysis for sketches produced by architects. This phase is fundamental and crucial for the whole design and construction process of a building. To give architects a better support, we developed a CAD tool for conceptual design and a knowledge specification tool. The knowledge is specific to one class of buildings and it can be reused. Based on a dynamic and domain-specific knowledge ontology, different types of design rules formalize this knowledge in a graph-based form. An expressive visual language provides a user-friendly, human readable representation. Finally, a consistency analysis tool enables conceptual designs to be checked against this formal conceptual knowledge. In this article, we concentrate on the knowledge specification part. For that, we introduce the concepts and usage of a novel visual language and describe its semantics. To demonstrate the usability of our approach, two graph-based visual tools for knowledge specification and conceptual design are explained.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FredebeulKrein2009,
  author    = {Fredebeul-Krein, Markus},
  title     = {Encouraging competition and investment into next generation access networks: The case of long term risk sharing contracts},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {Working paper distributed at 2nd Annual Next Generation Telecommunications Conference 2009, 13th - 14th October 2009, Brussels 14 pages Abstract Governments all over Europe are in the process of adopting new broadband strategies. The objective is to create modern telecommunications networks based on powerful broadband infrastructures". In doing so, they aim for innovative and investment-friendly concepts. For instance, in a recently published consultation paper on the subject the German regulator BNetzA declared that it will take "greater account of … reducing risks, securing the investment and innovation power, providing planning certainty and transparency - in order to support and advance broadband rollout in Germany". It further states that when regulating wholesale rates it has to be ensured that "… adequate incentives for network rollout are provided on the one hand, while sustainable and fair competition is ensured on the other". Also an EC draft recommendation on regulated network access is about to set new standards for the regulation of next generation access networks. According to the recommendation the prices of new assets shall be based on costs plus a projectspecific risk premium to be included in the costs of capital for the investment risk incurred by the operator. This approach has been criticised from various sides. In particular it has been questioned whether such an approach is adequate to meet the objectives of encouraging both competition and investment into next generation access networks. Against this background, the concept of "long term risk sharing contracts" has been proposed recently as an approach which does not only incorporate the various additional risks involved in the deployment of NGA infrastructure, but has several other advantages. This paper will demonstrate that the concept allows for competition to evolve at both the retail and wholesale level on fair, objective, non-discriminatory and transparent terms and conditions. Moreover, it ensures the highest possible investment incentive in line with socially desirable outcome. The paper is organised as follows: The next section will briefly outline the importance of encouraging competition and investment in an NGA-environment. The third section will specify the design of long term risk sharing contracts in view of achieving these objectives. The fourth section will examine potential problems associated with the concept. In doing so a way of how to deal with them will be elaborated. The last section will look at arguments against long term risk sharing contracts. It will be shown that these arguments are not strong enough to build a case against introducing such contracts.},
  subject      = {Electronic Commerce},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KraftMeyerNagl2002,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Meyer, Oliver and Nagl, Manfred},
  title     = {Graph technology support for conceptual design in civil engineering},
  isbn      = {3-18-318004-9},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {In: Advances in intelligent computing in engineering : proceedings of the 9.International EG-ICE Workshop ; Darmstadt, (01 - 03 August) 2002 / Martina Schnellenbach-Held ... (eds.) . - D{\"u}sseldorf: VDI-Verl., 2002 .- Fortschritt-Berichte VDI, Reihe 4, Bauingenieurwesen ; 180 ; S. 1-35 The paper describes a novel way to support conceptual design in civil engineering. The designer uses semantical tools guaranteeing certain internal structures of the design result but also the fulfillment of various constraints. Two different approaches and corresponding tools are discussed: (a) Visually specified tools with automatic code generation to determine a design structure as well as fixing various constraints a design has to obey. These tools are also valuable for design knowledge specialist. (b) Extensions of existing CAD tools to provide semantical knowledge to be used by an architect. It is sketched how these different tools can be combined in the future. The main part of the paper discusses the concepts and realization of two prototypes following the two above approaches. The paper especially discusses that specific graphs and the specification of their structure are useful for both tool realization projects.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Kraft2004,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo},
  title     = {Conceptual design tools for civil engineering},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Applications of Graph Transformations with Industrial Relevance Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004, Volume 3062/2004, 434-439, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-25959-6_33 This paper gives a brief overview of the tools we have developed to support conceptual design in civil engineering. Based on the UPGRADE framework, two applications, one for the knowledge engineer and another for architects allow to store domain specific knowledge and to use this knowledge during conceptual design. Consistency analyses check the design against the defined knowledge and inform the architect if rules are violated.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KraftNagl2003,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Nagl, Manfred},
  title     = {Semantic tool support for conceptual design},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {ITCE-2003 - 4th Joint Symposium on Information Technology in Civil Engineering ed Flood, I., Seite 1-12, ASCE (CD-ROM), Nashville, USA In this paper we discussed graph based tools to support architects during the conceptual design phase. Conceptual Design is defined before constructive design; the used concepts are more abstract. We develop two graph based approaches, a topdown using the graph rewriting system PROGRES and a more industrially oriented approach, where we extend the CAD system ArchiCAD. In both approaches, knowledge can be defined by a knowledge engineer, in the top-down approach in the domain model graph, in the bottom-up approach in the in an XML file. The defined knowledge is used to incrementally check the sketch and to inform the architect about violations of the defined knowledge. Our goal is to discover design error as soon as possible and to support the architect to design buildings with consideration of conceptual knowledge.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KraftWilhelms2004,
  author    = {Kraft, Bodo and Wilhelms, N.},
  title     = {Interactive distributed knowledge support for conceptual building design},
  isbn      = {3-86068-213-X},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {In: Net-distributed Co-operation : Xth International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, Weimar, June 02 - 04, 2004 ; proceedings / [ed. by Karl Beuke ...] . - Weimar: Bauhaus-Univ. Weimar 2004. - 1. Aufl. . Seite 1-14 ISBN 3-86068-213-X International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering <10, 2004, Weimar> Summary In our project, we develop new tools for the conceptual design phase. During conceptual design, the coarse functionality and organization of a building is more important than a detailed worked out construction. We identify two roles, first the knowledge engineer who is responsible for knowledge definition and maintenance; second the architect who elaborates the conceptual de-sign. The tool for the knowledge engineer is based on graph technology, it is specified using PROGRES and the UPGRADE framework. The tools for the architect are integrated to the in-dustrial CAD tool ArchiCAD. Consistency between knowledge and conceptual design is en-sured by the constraint checker, another extension to ArchiCAD.},
  subject      = {CAD},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KurowskiSchultzeLuethetal.2002,
  author    = {Kurowski, A. and Schultze, J. and L{\"u}th, H. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Micro- and nanopatterning of sensor chips by means of macroporous silicon.},
  series = {Sensors and Actuators B. 83 (2002), H. 1-3},
  journal   = {Sensors and Actuators B. 83 (2002), H. 1-3},
  isbn      = {0925-4005},
  pages     = {123 -- 128},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ErmelenkoYoshinobuMourzinaetal.2002,
  author    = {Ermelenko, Y. and Yoshinobu, T. and Mourzina, Y. and Furuichi, K. and Levichev, S. and Vlasov, Y. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Iwasaki, H.},
  title     = {Lithium sensor based on the laser scanning semiconductor transducer},
  series = {Analytica Chimica Acta. 459 (2002), H. 1},
  journal   = {Analytica Chimica Acta. 459 (2002), H. 1},
  issn      = {0378-4304},
  pages     = {1 -- 9},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningSchrothLuethetal.2001,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Schroth, Peter and L{\"u}th, Hans and Hummel, Hans E. and Sch{\"u}tz, Stefan},
  title     = {Insect chemoreceptors coupled to silicon transistors as innovative biosensors},
  series = {Proceedings of SPIE. 4205 (2001)},
  journal   = {Proceedings of SPIE. 4205 (2001)},
  pages     = {152 -- 162},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningSchubertZanderetal.1999,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Schubert, J{\"u}rgen and Zander, Willy and M{\"u}ller-Veggian, Mattea},
  title     = {Pulsed laser deposition as a novel preparation technique for chemical microsensors},
  series = {Proceedings of SPIE 3857, Chemical Microsenors and Applications II, 124 (November 18, 1999). 3857 (1999)},
  journal   = {Proceedings of SPIE 3857, Chemical Microsenors and Applications II, 124 (November 18, 1999). 3857 (1999)},
  pages     = {124 -- 134},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningGlueckKordosetal.1999,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Gl{\"u}ck, O. and Kordos, P. and L{\"u}th, H. and Emons, H.},
  title     = {Thin film electrodes for trace metal analysis by dc resistance changes},
  series = {Proceedings of SPIE. 3857 (1999)},
  journal   = {Proceedings of SPIE. 3857 (1999)},
  pages     = {135 -- 143},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningThustMuellerVeggianetal.1998,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Thust, M. and M{\"u}ller-Veggian, Mattea and Kordos, P.},
  title     = {A novel silicon-based sensor array with capacitive EIS structures},
  series = {Sensors and Actuators B. 47 (1998), H. 1-3},
  journal   = {Sensors and Actuators B. 47 (1998), H. 1-3},
  isbn      = {0925-4005},
  pages     = {225 -- 230},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningTsarouchasSchaubetal.1996,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Tsarouchas, D. and Schaub, A. and Beckers, L. (u.a.)},
  title     = {A highly long-term stable silicon-based pH sensor using pulsed laser deposition technique},
  series = {Sensors and Actuators B. 35 (1996), H. 1-3},
  journal   = {Sensors and Actuators B. 35 (1996), H. 1-3},
  isbn      = {0925-4005},
  pages     = {228 -- 233},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchoeningSaukeSteffenetal.1995,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Sauke, M. and Steffen, A. and Marso, M. (u.a.)},
  title     = {Ion-sensitive field-effect transistors with ultrathin Langmuir-Blodgett membranes},
  series = {Sensors and Actuators B. 27 (1995), H. 1-3},
  journal   = {Sensors and Actuators B. 27 (1995), H. 1-3},
  isbn      = {0925-4005},
  pages     = {325 -- 328},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}