@masterthesis{Vorholt2021,
  type      = {Bachelor Thesis},
  author    = {Vorholt, Lara},
  title     = {Fitted Fashion: Sizing-L{\"o}sung zur Steigerung der Konversion \& Reduzierung von E-Commerce-Retouren},
  publisher = {FH Aachen},
  address   = {Aachen},
  pages     = {235 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Die Zahl der Nutzenden beim Onlineshopping ist in den letzten Jahren deutlich gewachsen. Eines der gr{\"o}ßten Probleme dabei: Die Retouren. Sowohl die Wirtschaft als auch die Umwelt leiden darunter. Der Hauptgrund f{\"u}r R{\"u}cksendungen sind dabei Schwierigkeiten bei der Auswahl der individuell richtigen Gr{\"o}ße. Das Ziel dieses Projektes ist es daher, eine 3D-K{\"o}rperscan-App zu erstellen. Mit dieser ist es m{\"o}glich, einen auf die eigenen K{\"o}rpermaße angepassten Avatar zu erstellen und eine angepasste Stilberatung f{\"u}r die jeweilige K{\"o}rperform angeboten zu bekommen. Zudem gibt es eine Applikation in Form eines Software Development Kits, welches in Onlineshops eingebunden werden kann. Mit Hilfe der Applikation bekommen Konsumenten die richtige Gr{\"o}ße auch beim Onlineshopping angezeigt und t{\"a}tigen so weniger Fehlk{\"a}ufe. Dies bringt nicht nur Vorteile f{\"u}r die Umwelt mit sich und den Unternehmen eine massive Kostenersparnis durch die Einsparung von Retouren, M{\"u}ll und Personal, sondern schlussendlich auch eine zufriedenere Kundschaft.},
  language  = {de}
}
@masterthesis{Najarov2021,
  type      = {Bachelor Thesis},
  author    = {Najarov, Azer},
  title     = {Ich sehe was, was Du nicht siehst: Herkunft \& Identit{\"a}t j{\"u}discher Menschen in Deutschland nach der Nachkriegszeit},
  publisher = {FH Aachen},
  address   = {Aachen},
  school      = {Fachhochschule Aachen},
  pages     = {105 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Wir alle haben schon einmal von ihnen geh{\"o}rt. Die einen kennen sie aus dem Geschichtsunterricht, die anderen haben sie vielleicht auch schon mal bewusst oder unbewusst auf der Straße gesehen. Einige sind es sogar selbst. Die Rede ist von j{\"u}dischen Menschen in Deutschland. In unserer Bundesrepublik wird die j{\"u}dische Bev{\"o}lkerung unausweichlich mit dem Gedanken des Holocausts verbunden. J{\"u}dinnen und Juden wird somit eine Identit{\"a}t zugesprochen, mit der sie nichts zu tun haben. Es findet eine Stigmatisierung statt. Dabei sind j{\"u}dische Menschen heutzutage so divers wie noch nie. Das Printmedium »Ich sehe was, was Du nicht siehst« beleuchtet diese selten wahrgenommene Diversit{\"a}t und zeigt durch spannende Interviews eine j{\"u}dische Welt, die außerhalb der NS-Verbrechen liegt. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus findet man Informationen zu verschiedenen j{\"u}dischen Br{\"a}uchen, historischen Ereignissen und interessanten Infografiken. },
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Golland2019,
  author    = {Golland, Alexander},
  title     = {Das 2. Datenschutz-Anpassungs- und Umsetzungsgesetz EU {\"A}nderungen und Herausforderungen f{\"u}r Unternehmen},
  series = {NWB Unternehmensteuern und Bilanzen - StuB},
  journal   = {NWB Unternehmensteuern und Bilanzen - StuB},
  number    = {20},
  isbn      = {1615-8024},
  pages     = {787 -- 790},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Kurz vor der parlamentarischen Sommerpause hat der Bundestag am 28.6.2019 das 2. Datenschutz-Anpassungs- und Umsetzungsgesetz EU (2. DSAnpUG-EU) beschlossen, der Bundesrat hat diesem Gesetz am 20.9.2019 zugestimmt. Das Artikelgesetz, welches im sog. Omnibusverfahren zahlreiche Gesetze auf Bundesebene {\"a}ndert, soll zur Vereinheitlichung und Anpassung des Bundesrechts an die seit Mai 2018 geltende Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DSGVO) beitragen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Finkenberger2019,
  author    = {Finkenberger, Isabel Maria},
  title     = {Bodenpolitik als Instrument strategischer Transformation},
  series = {UrbanLab-Magazin : Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r Stadt- und Quartierplanung},
  volume    = {2019},
  journal   = {UrbanLab-Magazin : Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r Stadt- und Quartierplanung},
  number    = {05},
  pages     = {18 -- 25},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {de}
}
@masterthesis{Schiffers2022,
  type      = {Bachelor Thesis},
  author    = {Schiffers, Simon},
  title     = {Historische Stoffe im Spielfilm : Zwischen Authentizit{\"a}t und Unterhaltung},
  publisher = {FH Aachen},
  address   = {Aachen},
  pages     = {107 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Historische Stoffe im Spielfilm Zwischen Authentizit{\"a}t und Unterhaltung Spielfilme {\"u}ber wahre Begebenheiten stellen sich der Herausforderung, historisch korrekte Darstellung mit einer spannenden und sehenswerten Pr{\"a}sentation zu kombinieren. Dies ist ein schwieriger Balance Akt, gerade bei Studentenprojekten mit geringem Budget. Im Kurzfilm {\"u}ber Julius Erasmus, dem „Totengr{\"a}ber von Vossenack", wurde sich dieser Aufgabe gestellt. Inhaltlich werden seine m{\"o}glichen Beweggr{\"u}nde dargestellt, die ihn dazu brachten kurz nach dem 2. Weltkrieg zahlreiche gefallene Soldaten im ehemaligen Kampfgebiet im H{\"u}rtgenwald zu begraben. Die schriftliche Dokumentation des Projektes zeigt die Recherche des verfilmten Stoffes, Herausforderungen w{\"a}hrend der Produktion, sowie pers{\"o}nliche Eindr{\"u}cke und Lerneffekte. Letztendlich ist ein Werk entstanden, dass respektvoll mit der zu Grunde liegenden Geschichte umgeht und gleichsam ein cineastisches Erlebnis f{\"u}r den Zuschauer darstellt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MuesgenanntKoersPrevostPaulssenetal.2023,
  author    = {Mues genannt Koers, Lucas and Prevost, David and Paulßen, Elisabeth and Hoehr, Cornelia},
  title     = {Density reduction effects on the production of [11C]CO2 in Nb-body targets on a medical cyclotron},
  volume    = {199},
  number    = {Art. 110911},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110911},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Medical isotope production of 11C is commonly performed in gaseous targets. The power deposition of the proton beam during the irradiation decreases the target density due to thermodynamic mixing and can cause an increase of penetration depth and divergence of the proton beam. In order to investigate the difference how the target-body length influences the operation conditions and the production yield, a 12 cm and a 22 cm Nb-target body containing N2/O2 gas were irradiated using a 13 MeV proton cyclotron. It was found that the density reduction has a large influence on the pressure rise during irradiation and the achievable radioactive yield. The saturation activity of [11C]CO2 for the long target (0.083 Ci/μA) is about 10\% higher than in the short target geometry (0.075 Ci/μA).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BergsMonakhovaDiehletal.2021,
  author    = {Bergs, Michel and Monakhova, Yulia and Diehl, Bernd W. and Konow, Christopher and V{\"o}lkering, Georg and Pude, Ralf and Schulze, Margit},
  title     = {Lignins isolated via catalyst-free organosolv pulping from Miscanthus x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara: a comparative study},
  series = {Molecules},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Molecules},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1420-3049},
  doi       = {10.3390/molecules26040842},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {As a low-input crop, Miscanthus offers numerous advantages that, in addition to agricultural applications, permits its exploitation for energy, fuel, and material production. Depending on the Miscanthus genotype, season, and harvest time as well as plant component (leaf versus stem), correlations between structure and properties of the corresponding isolated lignins differ. Here, a comparative study is presented between lignins isolated from M. x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara using a catalyst-free organosolv pulping process. The lignins from different plant constituents are also compared regarding their similarities and differences regarding monolignol ratio and important linkages. Results showed that the plant genotype has the weakest influence on monolignol content and interunit linkages. In contrast, structural differences are more significant among lignins of different harvest time and/or season. Analyses were performed using fast and simple methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Data was assigned to four different linkages (A: β-O-4 linkage, B: phenylcoumaran, C: resinol, D: β-unsaturated ester). In conclusion, A content is particularly high in leaf-derived lignins at just under 70\% and significantly lower in stem and mixture lignins at around 60\% and almost 65\%. The second most common linkage pattern is D in all isolated lignins, the proportion of which is also strongly dependent on the crop portion. Both stem and mixture lignins, have a relatively high share of approximately 20\% or more (maximum is M. sinensis Sin2 with over 30\%). In the leaf-derived lignins, the proportions are significantly lower on average. Stem samples should be chosen if the highest possible lignin content is desired, specifically from the M. x giganteus genotype, which revealed lignin contents up to 27\%. Due to the better frost resistance and higher stem stability, M. nagara offers some advantages compared to M. x giganteus. Miscanthus crops are shown to be very attractive lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) for second generation biorefineries and lignin generation in Europe.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MohanGrossMenzeletal.2021,
  author    = {Mohan, Nijanthan and Groß, Rolf Fritz and Menzel, Karsten and Theis, Fabian},
  title     = {Opportunities and Challenges in the Implementation of Building Information Modeling for Prefabrication of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems in Small and Medium-Sized Contracting Companies in Germany - A Case Study},
  series = {WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, Vol. 205},
  booktitle = {WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, Vol. 205},
  publisher = {WIT Press},
  address   = {Southampton},
  issn      = {1743-3509},
  doi       = {10.2495/BIM210101},
  pages     = {117 -- 126},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Even though BIM (Building Information Modelling) is successfully implemented in most of the world, it is still in the early stages in Germany, since the stakeholders are sceptical of its reliability and efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the opportunities and obstacles to implementing BIM for prefabrication. Among all other advantages of BIM, prefabrication is chosen for this paper because it plays a vital role in creating an impact on the time and cost factors of a construction project. The project stakeholders and participants can explicitly observe the positive impact of prefabrication, which enables the breakthrough of the scepticism factor among the small-scale construction companies. The analysis consists of the development of a process workflow for implementing prefabrication in building construction followed by a practical approach, which was executed with two case studies. It was planned in such a way that, the first case study gives a first-hand experience for the workers at the site on the BIM model so that they can make much use of the created BIM model, which is a better representation compared to the traditional 2D plan. The main aim of the first case study is to create a belief in the implementation of BIM Models, which was succeeded by the execution of offshore prefabrication in the second case study. Based on the case studies, the time analysis was made and it is inferred that the implementation of BIM for prefabrication can reduce construction time, ensures minimal wastes, better accuracy, less problem-solving at the construction site. It was observed that this process requires more planning time, better communication between different disciplines, which was the major obstacle for successful implementation. This paper was carried out from the perspective of small and medium-sized mechanical contracting companies for the private building sector in Germany.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BurgerRumpfDoetal.2021,
  author    = {Burger, Ren{\´e} and Rumpf, Jessica and Do, Xuan Tung and Monakhova, Yulia and Diehl, Bernd W. K. and Rehahn, Matthias and Schulze, Margit},
  title     = {Is NMR combined with multivariate regression applicable for the molecular weight determination of randomly cross-linked polymers such as lignin?},
  series = {ACS Omega},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {ACS Omega},
  number    = {44},
  publisher = {ACS Publications},
  address   = {Washington, DC},
  issn      = {2470-1343},
  doi       = {10.1021/acsomega.1c03574},
  pages     = {29516 -- 29524},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The molecular weight properties of lignins are one of the key elements that need to be analyzed for a successful industrial application of these promising biopolymers. In this study, the use of 1H NMR as well as diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY NMR), combined with multivariate regression methods, was investigated for the determination of the molecular weight (Mw and Mn) and the polydispersity of organosolv lignins (n = 53, Miscanthus x giganteus, Paulownia tomentosa, and Silphium perfoliatum). The suitability of the models was demonstrated by cross validation (CV) as well as by an independent validation set of samples from different biomass origins (beech wood and wheat straw). CV errors of ca. 7-9 and 14-16\% were achieved for all parameters with the models from the 1H NMR spectra and the DOSY NMR data, respectively. The prediction errors for the validation samples were in a similar range for the partial least squares model from the 1H NMR data and for a multiple linear regression using the DOSY NMR data. The results indicate the usefulness of NMR measurements combined with multivariate regression methods as a potential alternative to more time-consuming methods such as gel permeation chromatography.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Streit2016,
  author    = {Streit, Wilfried},
  title     = {Kalkulation},
  series = {Zahlentafeln f{\"u}r den Baubetrieb},
  booktitle = {Zahlentafeln f{\"u}r den Baubetrieb},
  edition   = {9., {\"u}berarb. und aktual. Aufl.},
  publisher = {Springer Vieweg},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  isbn      = {978-3-658-02838-1 (Online)},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-658-02838-1_13},
  pages     = {1391 -- 1501},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Das Kapitel behandelt die Kosten- und Preisermittlung, die Kostenvorgabe und Kostenkontrolle. Der Angebotspreis wird aufgeschl{\"u}sselt in die Einzelkosten der Teilleistungen, die Baustellengemeinkosten, die Allgemeinen Gesch{\"a}ftskosten und einen Zuschlag f{\"u}r Wagnis und Gewinn. Auf der Basis der Angebotskalkulation werden die Vorgaben f{\"u}r die Kostenkontrolle entwickelt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PourshahidiEngelmannOffenhaeusseretal.2022,
  author    = {Pourshahidi, Ali Mohammad and Engelmann, Ulrich M. and Offenh{\"a}usser, Andreas and Krause, Hans-Joachim},
  title     = {Resolving ambiguities in core size determination of magnetic nanoparticles from magnetic frequency mixing data},
  series = {Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
  volume    = {563},
  journal   = {Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
  number    = {In progress, Art. No. 169969},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0304-8853},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.169969},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) has been widely utilized as a measurement technique in magnetic immunoassays. It can also be used for the characterization and distinction (also known as "colourization") of different types of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) based on their core sizes. In a previous work, it was shown that the large particles contribute most of the FMMD signal. This leads to ambiguities in core size determination from fitting since the contribution of the small-sized particles is almost undetectable among the strong responses from the large ones. In this work, we report on how this ambiguity can be overcome by modelling the signal intensity using the Langevin model in thermodynamic equilibrium including a lognormal core size distribution fL(dc,d0,σ) fitted to experimentally measured FMMD data of immobilized MNPs. For each given median diameter d0, an ambiguous amount of best-fitting pairs of parameters distribution width σ and number of particles Np with R2 > 0.99 are extracted. By determining the samples' total iron mass, mFe, with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), we are then able to identify the one specific best-fitting pair (σ, Np) one uniquely. With this additional externally measured parameter, we resolved the ambiguity in core size distribution and determined the parameters (d0, σ, Np) directly from FMMD measurements, allowing precise MNPs sample characterization.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MonakhovaDiehl2022,
  author    = {Monakhova, Yulia and Diehl, Bernd W.K.},
  title     = {Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as an elegant tool for a complete quality control of crude heparin material},
  series = {Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis},
  volume    = {219},
  journal   = {Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis},
  number    = {Article number: 114915},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  issn      = {0731-7085},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114915},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometric methods for the quantitative analysis of pure heparin in crude heparin is proposed. For quantification, a two-step routine was developed using a USP heparin reference sample for calibration and benzoic acid as an internal standard. The method was successfully validated for its accuracy, reproducibility, and precision. The methodology was used to analyze 20 authentic porcine heparinoid samples having heparin content between 4.25 w/w \% and 64.4 w/w \%. The characterization of crude heparin products was further extended to a simultaneous analysis of these common ions: sodium, calcium, acetate and chloride. A significant, linear dependence was found between anticoagulant activity and assayed heparin content for thirteen heparinoids samples, for which reference data were available. A Diffused-ordered NMR experiment (DOSY) can be used for qualitative analysis of specific glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in heparinoid matrices and, potentially, for quantitative prediction of molecular weight of GAGs. NMR spectrometry therefore represents a unique analytical method suitable for the simultaneous quantitative control of organic and inorganic composition of crude heparin samples (especially heparin content) as well as an estimation of other physical and quality parameters (molecular weight, animal origin and activity).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MonakhovaDiehl2021,
  author    = {Monakhova, Yulia and Diehl, Bernd W. K.},
  title     = {Simplification of NMR Workflows by Standardization Using 2H Integral of Deuterated Solvent as Applied to Aloe vera Preparations},
  series = {Applied Magnetic Resonance},
  volume    = {52},
  journal   = {Applied Magnetic Resonance},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  issn      = {1613-7507},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00723-021-01393-4},
  pages     = {1591 -- 1600},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In this study, a recently proposed NMR standardization approach by 2H integral of deuterated solvent for quantitative multicomponent analysis of complex mixtures is presented. As a proof of principle, the existing NMR routine for the analysis of Aloe vera products was modified. Instead of using absolute integrals of targeted compounds and internal standard (nicotinamide) from 1H-NMR spectra, quantification was performed based on the ratio of a particular 1H-NMR compound integral and 2H-NMR signal of deuterated solvent D2O. Validation characteristics (linearity, repeatability, accuracy) were evaluated and the results showed that the method has the same precision as internal standardization in case of multicomponent screening. Moreover, a dehydration process by freeze drying is not necessary for the new routine. Now, our NMR profiling of A. vera products needs only limited sample preparation and data processing. The new standardization methodology provides an appealing alternative for multicomponent NMR screening. In general, this novel approach, using standardization by 2H integral, benefits from reduced sample preparation steps and uncertainties, and is recommended in different application areas (purity determination, forensics, pharmaceutical analysis, etc.).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RabehiGarlanAchtsnichtetal.2018,
  author    = {Rabehi, Amine and Garlan, Benjamin and Achtsnicht, Stefan and Krause, Hans-Joachim and Offenh{\"a}usser, Andreas and Ngo, Kieu and Neveu, Sophie and Graff-Dubois, Stephanie and Kokabi, Hamid},
  title     = {Magnetic detection structure for Lab-on-Chip applications based on the frequency mixing technique},
  series = {Sensors},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Sensors},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1424-8220},
  doi       = {10.3390/s18061747},
  pages     = {14 Seiten},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {A magnetic frequency mixing technique with a set of miniaturized planar coils was investigated for use with a completely integrated Lab-on-Chip (LoC) pathogen sensing system. The system allows the detection and quantification of superparamagnetic beads. Additionally, in terms of magnetic nanoparticle characterization ability, the system can be used for immunoassays using the beads as markers. Analytical calculations and simulations for both excitation and pick-up coils are presented; the goal was to investigate the miniaturization of simple and cost-effective planar spiral coils. Following these calculations, a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) prototype was designed, manufactured, and tested for limit of detection, linear response, and validation of theoretical concepts. Using the magnetic frequency mixing technique, a limit of detection of 15 µg/mL of 20 nm core-sized nanoparticles was achieved without any shielding.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AchtsnichtNeuendorfFassbenderetal.2019,
  author    = {Achtsnicht, Stefan and Neuendorf, Christian and Faßbender, Tobias and N{\"o}lke, Greta and Offenh{\"a}usser, Andreas and Krause, Hans-Joachim and Schr{\"o}per, Florian},
  title     = {Sensitive and rapid detection of cholera toxin subunit B using magnetic frequency mixing detection},
  series = {Plos One},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Plos One},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Plos},
  address   = {San Francisco},
  issn      = {1932-6203},
  doi       = {10.1371/journal.pone.0219356},
  pages     = {e0219356},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Cholera is a life-threatening disease caused by the cholera toxin (CT) as produced by some Vibrio cholerae serogroups. In this research we present a method which directly detects the toxin's B subunit (CTB) in drinking water. For this purpose we performed a magnetic sandwich immunoassay inside a 3D immunofiltration column. We used two different commercially available antibodies to capture CTB and for binding to superparamagnetic beads. ELISA experiments were performed to select the antibody combination. The beads act as labels for the magnetic frequency mixing detection technique. We show that the limit of detection depends on the type of magnetic beads. A nonlinear Hill curve was fitted to the calibration measurements by means of a custom-written python software. We achieved a sensitive and rapid detection of CTB within a broad concentration range from 0.2 ng/ml to more than 700 ng/ml.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AchtsnichtSchoenenbornOffenhaeusseretal.2019,
  author    = {Achtsnicht, Stefan and Sch{\"o}nenborn, Kristina and Offenh{\"a}usser, Andreas and Krause, Hans-Joachim},
  title     = {Measurement of the magnetophoretic velocity of different superparamagnetic beads},
  series = {Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
  volume    = {477},
  journal   = {Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0304-8853},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.10.066},
  pages     = {244 -- 248},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The movement of magnetic beads due to a magnetic field gradient is of great interest in different application fields. In this report we present a technique based on a magnetic tweezers setup to measure the velocity factor of magnetically actuated individual superparamagnetic beads in a fluidic environment. Several beads can be tracked simultaneously in order to gain and improve statistics. Furthermore we show our results for different beads with hydrodynamic diameters between 200 and 1000 nm from diverse manufacturers. These measurement data can, for example, be used to determine design parameters for a magnetic separation system, like maximum flow rate and minimum separation time, or to select suitable beads for fixed experimental requirements.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Streit2019,
  author    = {Streit, Wilfried},
  title     = {Kalkulation},
  series = {{\"U}bungsaufgaben und Berechnungen f{\"u}r den Baubetrieb},
  booktitle = {{\"U}bungsaufgaben und Berechnungen f{\"u}r den Baubetrieb},
  publisher = {Springer Vieweg},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  isbn      = {978-3-658-23127-9},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-658-23127-9_11},
  pages     = {273 -- 334},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BurgerLindnerRumpfetal.2022,
  author    = {Burger, Ren{\´e} and Lindner, Simon and Rumpf, Jessica and Do, Xuan Tung and Diehl, Bernd W.K. and Rehahn, Matthias and Monakhova, Yulia and Schulze, Margit},
  title     = {Benchtop versus high field NMR: Comparable performance found for the molecular weight determination of lignin},
  series = {Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis},
  volume    = {212},
  journal   = {Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis},
  number    = {Article number: 114649},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  isbn      = {0731-7085},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114649},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Lignin is a promising renewable biopolymer being investigated worldwide as an environmentally benign substitute of fossil-based aromatic compounds, e.g. for the use as an excipient with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in drug delivery or even as active compound. For its successful implementation into process streams, a quick, easy, and reliable method is needed for its molecular weight determination. Here we present a method using 1H spectra of benchtop as well as conventional NMR systems in combination with multivariate data analysis, to determine lignin's molecular weight (Mw and Mn) and polydispersity index (PDI). A set of 36 organosolv lignin samples (from Miscanthus x giganteus, Paulownia tomentosa and Silphium perfoliatum) was used for the calibration and cross validation, and 17 samples were used as external validation set. Validation errors between 5.6\% and 12.9\% were achieved for all parameters on all NMR devices (43, 60, 500 and 600 MHz). Surprisingly, no significant difference in the performance of the benchtop and high-field devices was found. This facilitates the application of this method for determining lignin's molecular weight in an industrial environment because of the low maintenance expenditure, small footprint, ruggedness, and low cost of permanent magnet benchtop NMR systems.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoffstadtPohenDickeetal.2020,
  author    = {Hoffstadt, Kevin and Pohen, Gino D. and Dicke, Max D. and Paulsen, Svea and Krafft, Simone and Zang, Joachim W. and Fonseca-Zang, Warde A. da and Leite, Athaydes and Kuperjans, Isabel},
  title     = {Challenges and prospects of biogas from energy cane as supplement to bioethanol production},
  series = {Agronomy},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Agronomy},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2073-4395},
  doi       = {10.3390/agronomy10060821},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Innovative breeds of sugar cane yield up to 2.5 times as much organic matter as conventional breeds, resulting in a great potential for biogas production. The use of biogas production as a complementary solution to conventional and second-generation ethanol production in Brazil may increase the energy produced per hectare in the sugarcane sector. Herein, it was demonstrated that through ensiling, energy cane can be conserved for six months; the stored cane can then be fed into a continuous biogas process. This approach is necessary to achieve year-round biogas production at an industrial scale. Batch tests revealed specific biogas potentials between 400 and 600 LN/kgVS for both the ensiled and non-ensiled energy cane, and the specific biogas potential of a continuous biogas process fed with ensiled energy cane was in the same range. Peak biogas losses through ensiling of up to 27\% after six months were observed. Finally, compared with second-generation ethanol production using energy cane, the results indicated that biogas production from energy cane may lead to higher energy yields per hectare, with an average energy yield of up to 162 MWh/ha. Finally, the Farm²CBG concept is introduced, showing an approach for decentralized biogas production.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AchtsnichtPourshahidiOffenhaeusseretal.2019,
  author    = {Achtsnicht, Stefan and Pourshahidi, Ali Mohammad and Offenh{\"a}usser, Andreas and Krause, Hans-Joachim},
  title     = {Multiplex detection of different magnetic beads using frequency scanning in magnetic frequency mixing technique},
  series = {Sensors},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {Sensors},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1424-8220},
  doi       = {10.3390/s19112599},
  pages     = {13 Seiten},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {In modern bioanalytical methods, it is often desired to detect several targets in one sample within one measurement. Immunological methods including those that use superparamagnetic beads are an important group of techniques for these applications. The goal of this work is to investigate the feasibility of simultaneously detecting different superparamagnetic beads acting as markers using the magnetic frequency mixing technique. The frequency of the magnetic excitation field is scanned while the lower driving frequency is kept constant. Due to the particles' nonlinear magnetization, mixing frequencies are generated. To record their amplitude and phase information, a direct digitization of the pickup-coil's signal with subsequent Fast Fourier Transformation is performed. By synchronizing both magnetic beads using frequency scanning in magnetic frequency mixing technique magnetic fields, a stable phase information is gained. In this research, it is shown that the amplitude of the dominant mixing component is proportional to the amount of superparamagnetic beads inside a sample. Additionally, it is shown that the phase does not show this behaviour. Excitation frequency scans of different bead types were performed, showing different phases, without correlation to their diverse amplitudes. Two commercially available beads were selected and a determination of their amount in a mixture is performed as a demonstration for multiplex measurements.},
  language  = {en}
}