@article{LeingartnerMaurerFerreinetal.2016, author = {Leingartner, Max and Maurer, Johannes and Ferrein, Alexander and Steinbauer, Gerald}, title = {Evaluation of Sensors and Mapping Approaches for Disasters in Tunnels}, series = {Journal of Field Robotics}, volume = {33}, journal = {Journal of Field Robotics}, number = {8}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1556-4967}, doi = {10.1002/rob.21611}, pages = {1037 -- 1057}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Ground or aerial robots equipped with advanced sensing technologies, such as three-dimensional laser scanners and advanced mapping algorithms, are deemed useful as a supporting technology for first responders. A great deal of excellent research in the field exists, but practical applications at real disaster sites are scarce. Many projects concentrate on equipping robots with advanced capabilities, such as autonomous exploration or object manipulation. In spite of this, realistic application areas for such robots are limited to teleoperated reconnaissance or search. In this paper, we investigate how well state-of-the-art and off-the-shelf components and algorithms are suited for reconnaissance in current disaster-relief scenarios. The basic idea is to make use of some of the most common sensors and deploy some widely used algorithms in a disaster situation, and to evaluate how well the components work for these scenarios. We acquired the sensor data from two field experiments, one from a disaster-relief operation in a motorway tunnel, and one from a mapping experiment in a partly closed down motorway tunnel. Based on these data, which we make publicly available, we evaluate state-of-the-art and off-the-shelf mapping approaches. In our analysis, we integrate opinions and replies from first responders as well as from some algorithm developers on the usefulness of the data and the limitations of the deployed approaches, respectively. We discuss the lessons we learned during the two missions. These lessons are interesting for the community working in similar areas of urban search and rescue, particularly reconnaissance and search.}, language = {en} } @article{MuribYeapEurlingsetal.2016, author = {Murib, M. S. and Yeap, W. S. and Eurlings, Y. and Grinsven, B. van and Boyen, H.-G. and Conings, B. and Michiels, L. and Ameloot, M. and Carleer, R. and Warmer, J. and Kaul, P. and Haenen, K. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Ceuninck, W. de and Wagner, P.}, title = {Heat-transfer based characterization of DNA on synthetic sapphire chips}, series = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical}, volume = {230}, journal = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical}, number = {230}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0925-4005}, doi = {10.1016/j.snb.2016.02.027}, pages = {260 -- 271}, year = {2016}, abstract = {In this study, we show that synthetic sapphire (Al₂O₃), an established implant material, can also serve as a platform material for biosensors comparable to nanocrystalline diamond. Sapphire chips, beads, and powder were first modified with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), followed by succinic anhydride (SA), and finally single-stranded probe DNA was EDC coupled to the functionalized layer. The presence of the APTES-SA layer on sapphire powders was confirmed by thermogravimetric analyis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Using planar sapphire chips as substrates and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as surface-sensitive tool, the sequence of individual layers was analyzed with respect to their chemical state, enabling the quantification of areal densities of the involved molecular units. Fluorescence microscopy was used to demonstrate the hybridization of fluorescently tagged target DNA to the probe DNA, including denaturation- and re-hybridization experiments. Due to its high thermal conductivity, synthetic sapphire is especially suitable as a chip material for the heat-transfer method, which was employed to distinguish complementary- and non-complementary DNA duplexes containing single-nucleotide polymorphisms. These results indicate that it is possible to detect mutations electronically with a chemically resilient and electrically insulating chip material.}, language = {en} } @article{DiktaReisselHarlass2016, author = {Dikta, Gerhard and Reißel, Martin and Harlaß, Carsten}, title = {Semi-parametric survival function estimators deduced from an identifying Volterra type integral equation}, series = {Journal of multivariate analysis}, journal = {Journal of multivariate analysis}, number = {147}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmva.2016.02.008}, pages = {273 -- 284}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Based on an identifying Volterra type integral equation for randomly right censored observations from a lifetime distribution function F, we solve the corresponding estimating equation by an explicit and implicit Euler scheme. While the first approach results in some known estimators, the second one produces new semi-parametric and pre-smoothed Kaplan-Meier estimators which are real distribution functions rather than sub-distribution functions as the former ones are. This property of the new estimators is particular useful if one wants to estimate the expected lifetime restricted to the support of the observation time. Specifically, we focus on estimation under the semi-parametric random censorship model (SRCM), that is, a random censorship model where the conditional expectation of the censoring indicator given the observation belongs to a parametric family. We show that some estimated linear functionals which are based on the new semi-parametric estimator are strong consistent, asymptotically normal, and efficient under SRCM. In a small simulation study, the performance of the new estimator is illustrated under moderate sample sizes. Finally, we apply the new estimator to a well-known real dataset.}, language = {en} } @article{KowalskiLinderZierkeetal.2016, author = {Kowalski, Julia and Linder, Peter and Zierke, S. and Wulfen, B. van and Clemens, J. and Konstantinidis, K. and Ameres, G. and Hoffmann, R. and Mikucki, J. and Tulaczyk, S. and Funke, O. and Blandfort, D. and Espe, Clemens and Feldmann, Marco and Francke, Gero and Hiecker, S. and Plescher, Engelbert and Sch{\"o}ngarth, Sarah and Dachwald, Bernd and Digel, Ilya and Artmann, Gerhard and Eliseev, D. and Heinen, D. and Scholz, F. and Wiebusch, C. and Macht, S. and Bestmann, U. and Reineking, T. and Zetzsche, C. and Schill, K. and F{\"o}rstner, R. and Niedermeier, H. and Szumski, A. and Eissfeller, B. and Naumann, U. and Helbing, K.}, title = {Navigation technology for exploration of glacier ice with maneuverable melting probes}, series = {Cold Regions Science and Technology}, journal = {Cold Regions Science and Technology}, number = {123}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0165-232X}, doi = {10.1016/j.coldregions.2015.11.006}, pages = {53 -- 70}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The Saturnian moon Enceladus with its extensive water bodies underneath a thick ice sheet cover is a potential candidate for extraterrestrial life. Direct exploration of such extraterrestrial aquatic ecosystems requires advanced access and sampling technologies with a high level of autonomy. A new technological approach has been developed as part of the collaborative research project Enceladus Explorer (EnEx). The concept is based upon a minimally invasive melting probe called the IceMole. The force-regulated, heater-controlled IceMole is able to travel along a curved trajectory as well as upwards. Hence, it allows maneuvers which may be necessary for obstacle avoidance or target selection. Maneuverability, however, necessitates a sophisticated on-board navigation system capable of autonomous operations. The development of such a navigational system has been the focal part of the EnEx project. The original IceMole has been further developed to include relative positioning based on in-ice attitude determination, acoustic positioning, ultrasonic obstacle and target detection integrated through a high-level sensor fusion. This paper describes the EnEx technology and discusses implications for an actual extraterrestrial mission concept.}, language = {en} } @article{GossmannFrotscherLinderetal.2016, author = {Goßmann, Matthias and Frotscher, Ralf and Linder, Peter and Bayer, Robin and Epple, U. and Staat, Manfred and Temiz Artmann, Ayseg{\"u}l and Artmann, Gerhard}, title = {Mechano-pharmacological characterization of cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells}, series = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry}, volume = {38}, journal = {Cellular physiology and biochemistry}, number = {3}, publisher = {Karger}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1421-9778 (Online)}, doi = {10.1159/000443124}, pages = {1182 -- 1198}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Background/Aims: Common systems for the quantification of cellular contraction rely on animal-based models, complex experimental setups or indirect approaches. The herein presented CellDrum technology for testing mechanical tension of cellular monolayers and thin tissue constructs has the potential to scale-up mechanical testing towards medium-throughput analyses. Using hiPS-Cardiac Myocytes (hiPS-CMs) it represents a new perspective of drug testing and brings us closer to personalized drug medication. Methods: In the present study, monolayers of self-beating hiPS-CMs were grown on ultra-thin circular silicone membranes and deflect under the weight of the culture medium. Rhythmic contractions of the hiPS-CMs induced variations of the membrane deflection. The recorded contraction-relaxation-cycles were analyzed with respect to their amplitudes, durations, time integrals and frequencies. Besides unstimulated force and tensile stress, we investigated the effects of agonists and antagonists acting on Ca²⁺ channels (S-Bay K8644/verapamil) and Na⁺ channels (veratridine/lidocaine). Results: The measured data and simulations for pharmacologically unstimulated contraction resembled findings in native human heart tissue, while the pharmacological dose-response curves were highly accurate and consistent with reference data. Conclusion: We conclude that the combination of the CellDrum with hiPS-CMs offers a fast, facile and precise system for pharmacological, toxicological studies and offers new preclinical basic research potential.}, language = {en} } @article{FrotscherMuanghongDursunetal.2016, author = {Frotscher, Ralf and Muanghong, Danita and Dursun, G{\"o}zde and Goßmann, Matthias and Temiz Artmann, Ayseg{\"u}l and Staat, Manfred}, title = {Sample-specific adaption of an improved electro-mechanical model of in vitro cardiac tissue}, series = {Journal of Biomechanics}, volume = {49}, journal = {Journal of Biomechanics}, number = {12}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0021-9290 (Print)}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.01.039}, pages = {2428 -- 2435}, year = {2016}, abstract = {We present an electromechanically coupled computational model for the investigation of a thin cardiac tissue construct consisting of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial, ventricular and sinoatrial cardiomyocytes. The mechanical and electrophysiological parts of the finite element model, as well as their coupling are explained in detail. The model is implemented in the open source finite element code Code_Aster and is employed for the simulation of a thin circular membrane deflected by a monolayer of autonomously beating, circular, thin cardiac tissue. Two cardio-active drugs, S-Bay K8644 and veratridine, are applied in experiments and simulations and are investigated with respect to their chronotropic effects on the tissue. These results demonstrate the potential of coupled micro- and macroscopic electromechanical models of cardiac tissue to be adapted to experimental results at the cellular level. Further model improvements are discussed taking into account experimentally measurable quantities that can easily be extracted from the obtained experimental results. The goal is to estimate the potential to adapt the presented model to sample specific cell cultures.}, language = {en} } @article{HamadBilattoAdlyetal.2016, author = {Hamad, E. M. and Bilatto, S. E. R. and Adly, N. Y. and Correa, D. S. and Wolfrum, B. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Offenh{\"a}usser, A. and Yakushenko, A.}, title = {Inkjet printing of UV-curable adhesive and dielectric inks for microfluidic devices}, series = {Lab on a Chip}, volume = {16}, journal = {Lab on a Chip}, number = {1}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1473-0189}, doi = {10.1039/C5LC01195G}, pages = {70 -- 74}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Bonding of polymer-based microfluidics to polymer substrates still poses a challenge for Lab-On-a-Chip applications. Especially, when sensing elements are incorporated, patterned deposition of adhesives with curing at ambient conditions is required. Here, we demonstrate a fabrication method for fully printed microfluidic systems with sensing elements using inkjet and stereolithographic 3D-printing.}, language = {en} } @article{NeuJanserKhatibietal.2016, author = {Neu, Eugen and Janser, Frank and Khatibi, Akbar A. and Braun, Carsten and Orifici, Adrian C.}, title = {Operational Modal Analysis of a wing excited by transonic flow}, series = {Aerospace Science and Technology}, volume = {49}, journal = {Aerospace Science and Technology}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1270-9638}, doi = {10.1016/j.ast.2015.11.032}, pages = {73 -- 79}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) is a promising candidate for flutter testing and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of aircraft wings that are passively excited by wind loads. However, no studies have been published where OMA is tested in transonic flows, which is the dominant condition for large civil aircraft and is characterized by complex and unique aerodynamic phenomena. We use data from the HIRENASD large-scale wind tunnel experiment to automatically extract modal parameters from an ambiently excited wing operated in the transonic regime using two OMA methods: Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) and Frequency Domain Decomposition (FDD). The system response is evaluated based on accelerometer measurements. The excitation is investigated from surface pressure measurements. The forcing function is shown to be non-white, non-stationary and contaminated by narrow-banded transonic disturbances. All these properties violate fundamental OMA assumptions about the forcing function. Despite this, all physical modes in the investigated frequency range were successfully identified, and in addition transonic pressure waves were identified as physical modes as well. The SSI method showed superior identification capabilities for the investigated case. The investigation shows that complex transonic flows can interfere with OMA. This can make existing approaches for modal tracking unsuitable for their application to aircraft wings operated in the transonic flight regime. Approaches to separate the true physical modes from the transonic disturbances are discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{BayonValeroGarciaBartualetal.2016, author = {Bayon, Arnau and Valero, Daniel and Garcia-Bartual, Rafael and Vall{\´e}s-Mor{\´a}n, Francisco Jos{\´e} and L{\´o}pez-Jim{\´e}nez, P. Amparo}, title = {Performance assessment of OpenFOAM and FLOW-3D in the numerical modeling of a low Reynolds number hydraulic jump}, series = {Environmental Modelling \& Software}, volume = {80}, journal = {Environmental Modelling \& Software}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, isbn = {1364-8152}, doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.02.018}, pages = {322 -- 335}, year = {2016}, abstract = {A comparative performance analysis of the CFD platforms OpenFOAM and FLOW-3D is presented, focusing on a 3D swirling turbulent flow: a steady hydraulic jump at low Reynolds number. Turbulence is treated using RANS approach RNG k-ε. A Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method is used to track the air-water interface, consequently aeration is modeled using an Eulerian-Eulerian approach. Structured meshes of cubic elements are used to discretize the channel geometry. The numerical model accuracy is assessed comparing representative hydraulic jump variables (sequent depth ratio, roller length, mean velocity profiles, velocity decay or free surface profile) to experimental data. The model results are also compared to previous studies to broaden the result validation. Both codes reproduced the phenomenon under study concurring with experimental data, although special care must be taken when swirling flows occur. Both models can be used to reproduce the hydraulic performance of energy dissipation structures at low Reynolds numbers.}, language = {en} } @article{DantismTakenagaWagneretal.2016, author = {Dantism, Shahriar and Takenaga, Shoko and Wagner, Patrick and Wagner, Torsten and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Determination of the extracellular acidification of Escherichia coli K12 with a multi-​chamber-​based LAPS system}, series = {Physica status solidi (a)}, volume = {213}, journal = {Physica status solidi (a)}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1862-6300}, doi = {10.1002/pssa.201533043}, pages = {1479 -- 1485}, year = {2016}, abstract = {On-line monitoring of the metabolic activity of microorganisms involved in intermediate stages of biogas production plays an important role to avoid undesirable "down times" during the biogas production. In order to control this process, an on-chip differential measuring system based on the light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) principle combined with a 3D-printed multi-chamber structure has been realized. As a test microorganism, Escherichia coli K12 (E. coli K12) were used for cell-based measurements. Multi-chamber structures were developed to determine the metabolic activity of E. coli K12 in suspension for a different number of cells, responding to the addition of a constant or variable amount of glucose concentrations, enabling differential and simultaneous measurements.}, language = {en} } @article{HacklMuellerStaatetal.2016, author = {Hackl, Michael and M{\"u}ller, Lars-Peter and Staat, Manfred and Kahmann, Stephanie Lucina and Wegmann, Kilian}, title = {Proximal phalangeal neck fractures of the hand — a biomechanical comparison of three fixation techniques}, series = {Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy}, volume = {Volume 24}, journal = {Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy}, number = {Supplement 1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0942-2056}, doi = {10.1007/s00167-016-4080-7}, pages = {148 -- 149}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Plate osteosynthesis of displaced proximal phalangeal neck fractures of the hand allows early mobilization due to a stable internal fixation. Nevertheless, joint stiffness—because of soft tissue irritation—represents a common complication leading to high complication rates. Del Pinal et al. recently reported promising clinical results for a new, minimally invasive fixation technique with a cannulated headless intramedullary compression screw. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare plate fixation of proximal phalangeal neck fractures to less two less invasive techniques: Crossed k-wire fixation and intramedullary screw fixation. We hypothesized that these fixation techniques provide inferior stability when compared to plate osteosynthesis.}, language = {en} } @article{HacklKahmannWegmannetal.2016, author = {Hackl, Michael and Kahmann, Stephanie Lucina and Wegmann, Kilian and Ries, Christian and Staat, Manfred and M{\"u}ller, Lars-Peter}, title = {Shortening osteotomy of the proximal radius — a treatment option for isolated osteoarthritis of the lateral column of the elbow joint?}, series = {Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy}, volume = {Volume 24}, journal = {Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy}, number = {Supplement 1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0942-2056}, doi = {10.1007/s00167-016-4080-7}, pages = {128 -- 129}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Treatment of posttraumatic osteoarthritis of the radial column of the elbow joint remains a challenging yet common issue. While partial joint replacement leads to high revision rates, radial head excision has shown to severely increase joint instability. Shortening osteotomy of the radius could be an option to decrease the contact pressure of the radiohumeral joint and thereby pain levels without causing valgus instability. Hence, the aim of this biomechanical study was to evaluate the effects of radial shortening on axial load distribution and valgus stability of the elbow joint.}, language = {en} } @article{HacklLeschingerStaatetal.2016, author = {Hackl, Michael and Leschinger, T. and Staat, Manfred and M{\"u}ller, Lars-Peter and Wegmann, Kilian}, title = {Reconstruction of the interosseous membrane in the Essex Lopresti lesion — a biomechanical evaluation}, series = {Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy}, volume = {Volume 24}, journal = {Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy}, number = {Supplement 1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0942-2056}, doi = {10.1007/s00167-016-4080-7}, pages = {130 -- 131}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Surgical reconstruction of the interosseous membrane (IOM) could restore longitudinal forearm stability to avoid persisting disability due to capituloradial and ulnocarpal impingement in Essex Lopresti lesions. This biomechanical study aimed to assess longitudinal forearm stability of intact specimens, after sectioning of the IOM and after reconstruction with a TightRope construct using either a single or double bundle technique.}, language = {en} } @article{WegmannHacklStaatetal.2016, author = {Wegmann, Kilian and Hackl, Michael and Staat, Manfred and Mayer, Katharina and M{\"u}ller, Lars-Peter}, title = {Double plate osteosynthesis of proximal ulna fractures: biomechanical and clinical results}, series = {Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy}, volume = {Volume 24}, journal = {Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy}, number = {Supplement 1}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {0942-2056}, doi = {10.1007/s00167-016-4079-0}, pages = {58 -- 59}, year = {2016}, abstract = {While plate fixation of proximal ulna fractures might lead to superior clinical results compared to tension band wiring, regular plates represent an established risk factor for wound complications. The olecranon double plates (Medartis, Basel, CH) might decrease complications related to the osteosynthesis because of their low profile and better anatomical fit. This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical performance and clinical results of the olecranon double plates.}, language = {en} } @article{BreuerRaueStrobeletal.2016, author = {Breuer, Lars and Raue, Markus and Strobel, M. and Mang, Thomas and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Thoelen, R. and Wagner, Torsten}, title = {Hydrogels with incorporated graphene oxide as light-addressable actuator materials for cell culture environments in lab-on-chip systems}, series = {Physica status solidi (a)}, volume = {213}, journal = {Physica status solidi (a)}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1862-6300}, doi = {10.1002/pssa.201533056}, pages = {1520 -- 1525}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Abstractauthoren Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were incorporated in temperature-sensitive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogels. The nanoparticles increase the light absorption and convert light energy into heat efficiently. Thus, the hydrogels with GO can be stimulated spatially resolved by illumination as it was demonstrated by IR thermography. The temporal progression of the temperature maximum was detected for different concentrations of GO within the polymer network. Furthermore, the compatibility of PNIPAAm hydrogels with GO and cell cultures was investigated. For this purpose, culture medium was incubated with hydrogels containing GO and the viability and morphology of chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was examined after several days of culturing in presence of this medium.}, language = {en} } @article{PookhalilAmoabedinyTabeshetal.2016, author = {Pookhalil, Ali and Amoabediny, Ghassem and Tabesh, Hadi and Behbahani, Mehdi and Mottaghy, Khosrow}, title = {A new approach for semiempirical modeling of mechanical blood trauma}, series = {The international journal of artificial organs}, volume = {39}, journal = {The international journal of artificial organs}, number = {4}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {London}, issn = {1724-6040}, doi = {10.5301/ijao.5000474}, pages = {171 -- 177}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Purpose Two semi-empirical models were recently published, both making use of existing literature data, but each taking into account different physical phenomena that trigger hemolysis. In the first model, hemoglobin (Hb) release is described as a permeation procedure across the membrane, assuming a shear stress-dependent process (sublethal model). The second model only accounts for hemoglobin release that is caused by cell membrane breakdown, which occurs when red blood cells (RBC) undergo mechanically induced shearing for a period longer than the threshold time (nonuniform threshold model). In this paper, we introduce a model that considers the hemolysis generated by both these possible phenomena. Methods Since hemolysis can possibly be caused by permeation of hemoglobin through the RBC functional membrane as well as by release of hemoglobin from RBC membrane breakdown, our proposed model combines both these models. An experimental setup consisting of a Couette device was utilized for validation of our proposed model. Results A comparison is presented between the damage index (DI) predicted by the proposed model vs. the sublethal model vs. the nonthreshold model and experimental datasets. This comparison covers a wide range of shear stress for both human and porcine blood. An appropriate agreement between the measured DI and the DI predicted by the present model was obtained. Conclusions The semiempirical hemolysis model introduced in this paper aims for significantly enhanced conformity with experimental data. Two phenomenological outcomes become possible with the proposed approach: an estimation of the average time after which cell membrane breakdown occurs under the applied conditions, and a prediction of the ratio between the phenomena involved in hemolysis.}, language = {en} } @article{ArreolaMaetzkowDuranetal.2016, author = {Arreola, Julio and M{\"a}tzkow, Malte and Dur{\´a}n, Marlena Palomar and Greeff, Anton and Keusgen, Michael and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Optimization of the immobilization of bacterial spores on glass substrates with organosilanes}, series = {Physica status solidi (A) : Applications and materials science}, volume = {213}, journal = {Physica status solidi (A) : Applications and materials science}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1862-6319}, doi = {10.1002/pssa.201532914}, pages = {1463 -- 1470}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Spores can be immobilized on biosensors to function as sensitive recognition elements. However, the immobilization can affect the sensitivity and reproducibility of the sensor signal. In this work, three different immobilization strategies with organosilanes were optimized and characterized to immobilize Bacillus atrophaeus spores on glass substrates. Five different silanization parameters were investigated: nature of the solvent, concentration of the silane, silanization time, curing process, and silanization temperature. The resulting silane layers were resistant to a buffer solution (e.g., Ringer solution) with a polysorbate (e.g., Tween®80) and sonication.}, language = {en} } @article{WuPoghossianBronderetal.2016, author = {Wu, Chunsheng and Poghossian, Arshak and Bronder, Thomas and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Sensing of double-stranded DNA molecules by their intrinsic molecular charge using the light-addressable potentiometric sensor}, series = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical}, journal = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical}, number = {229}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0925-4005}, doi = {10.1016/j.snb.2016.02.004}, pages = {506 -- 512}, year = {2016}, abstract = {A multi-spot light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS), which belongs to the family of semiconductor field-effect devices, was applied for label-free detection of double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) molecules by their intrinsic molecular charge. To reduce the distance between the DNA charge and sensor surface and thus, to enhance the electrostatic coupling between the dsDNA molecules and the LAPS, the negatively charged dsDNA molecules were electrostatically adsorbed onto the gate surface of the LAPS covered with a positively charged weak polyelectrolyte layer of PAH (poly(allylamine hydrochloride)). The surface potential changes in each spot of the LAPS, induced by the layer-by-layer adsorption of a PAH/dsDNA bilayer, were recorded by means of photocurrent-voltage and constant-photocurrent measurements. In addition, the surface morphology of the gate surface before and after consecutive electrostatic adsorption of PAH and dsDNA layers was studied by atomic force microscopy measurements. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy was used to verify the successful adsorption of dsDNA molecules onto the PAH-modified LAPS surface. A high sensor signal of 25 mV was registered after adsorption of 10 nM dsDNA molecules. The lower detection limit is down to 0.1 nM dsDNA. The obtained results demonstrate that the PAH-modified LAPS device provides a convenient and rapid platform for the direct label-free electrical detection of in-solution hybridized dsDNA molecules.}, language = {en} } @article{MykoniouButenwegHoltschoppenetal.2016, author = {Mykoniou, Konstantin and Butenweg, Christoph and Holtschoppen, Britta and Klinkel, Sven}, title = {Seismic response analysis of adjacent liquid-storage tanks}, series = {Earthquake engineering and structural dynamics}, volume = {45}, journal = {Earthquake engineering and structural dynamics}, number = {11}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1096-9845 (E-Journal); 0098-8847 (Print)}, doi = {10.1002/eqe.2726}, pages = {1779 -- 1796}, year = {2016}, abstract = {A refined substructure technique in the frequency domain is developed, which permits consideration of the interaction effects among adjacent containers through the supporting deformable soil medium. The tank-liquid systems are represented by means of mechanical models, whereas discrete springs and dashpots stand for the soil beneath the foundations. The proposed model is employed to assess the responses of adjacent circular, cylindrical tanks for harmonic and seismic excitations over wide range of tank proportions and soil conditions. The influence of the number, spatial arrangement of the containers and their distance on the overall system's behavior is addressed. The results indicate that the cross-interaction effects can substantially alter the impulsive components of response of each individual element in a tank farm. The degree of this impact is primarily controlled by the tank proportions and the proximity of the predominant natural frequencies of the shell-liquid-soil systems and the input seismic motion. The group effects should be not a priori disregarded, unless the tanks are founded on shallow soil deposit overlying very stiff material or bedrock.}, language = {en} } @article{LeversStaatLaack2016, author = {Levers, A. and Staat, Manfred and Laack, Walter van}, title = {Analysis of the long-term effect of the MBST® nuclear magnetic resonance therapy on gonarthrosis}, series = {Orthopedic Practice}, volume = {47}, journal = {Orthopedic Practice}, number = {11}, pages = {521 -- 528}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @article{KosterScheidweilerTieves2016, author = {Koster, Arie and Scheidweiler, Robert and Tieves, Martin}, title = {A flow based pruning scheme for enumerative equitable coloring algorithms}, series = {A flow based pruning scheme for enumerative equitable coloring algorithms}, journal = {A flow based pruning scheme for enumerative equitable coloring algorithms}, doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1607.08754}, pages = {1 -- 30}, year = {2016}, abstract = {An equitable graph coloring is a proper vertex coloring of a graph G where the sizes of the color classes differ by at most one. The equitable chromatic number is the smallest number k such that G admits such equitable k-coloring. We focus on enumerative algorithms for the computation of the equitable coloring number and propose a general scheme to derive pruning rules for them: We show how the extendability of a partial coloring into an equitable coloring can be modeled via network flows. Thus, we obtain pruning rules which can be checked via flow algorithms. Computational experiments show that the search tree of enumerative algorithms can be significantly reduced in size by these rules and, in most instances, such naive approach even yields a faster algorithm. Moreover, the stability, i.e., the number of solved instances within a given time limit, is greatly improved. Since the execution of flow algorithms at each node of a search tree is time consuming, we derive arithmetic pruning rules (generalized Hall-conditions) from the network model. Adding these rules to an enumerative algorithm yields an even larger runtime improvement.}, language = {en} } @article{BeckenbachScheidweiler2016, author = {Beckenbach, Isabel and Scheidweiler, Robert}, title = {Perfect ƒ-Matchings and ƒ-Factors in Hypergraphs - A Combinatorial Approach}, series = {Discrete Mathematics}, volume = {240}, journal = {Discrete Mathematics}, number = {10}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2192-7782}, doi = {10.1016/j.disc.2017.05.005}, pages = {2499 -- 2506}, year = {2016}, abstract = {We prove characterizations of the existence of perfect ƒ-matchings in uniform mengerian and perfect hypergraphs. Moreover, we investigate the ƒ-factor problem in balanced hypergraphs. For uniform balanced hypergraphs we prove two existence theorems with purely combinatorial arguments, whereas for non-uniform balanced hypergraphs we show that the ƒ-factor problem is NP-hard.}, language = {en} } @article{ScheidweilerTriesch2016, author = {Scheidweiler, Robert and Triesch, Eberhard}, title = {A note on the duality between matchings and vertex covers in balanced hypergraphs}, series = {Journal of Combinatorial Optimization}, volume = {32}, journal = {Journal of Combinatorial Optimization}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1573-2886}, doi = {10.1007/s10878-015-9887-5}, pages = {639 -- 644}, year = {2016}, abstract = {We present a new Min-Max theorem for an optimization problem closely connected to matchings and vertex covers in balanced hypergraphs. The result generalizes Kőnig's Theorem (Berge and Las Vergnas in Ann N Y Acad Sci 175:32-40, 1970; Fulkerson et al. in Math Progr Study 1:120-132, 1974) and Hall's Theorem (Conforti et al. in Combinatorica 16:325-329, 1996) for balanced hypergraphs.}, language = {en} } @article{NiedermeyerZhouDursunetal.2016, author = {Niedermeyer, Angela and Zhou, Bei and Dursun, G{\"o}zde and Temiz Artmann, Ayseg{\"u}l and Markert, Bernd}, title = {An examination of tissue engineered scaffolds in a bioreactor}, series = {Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics PAMM}, volume = {16}, journal = {Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics PAMM}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1617-7061}, doi = {10.1002/pamm.201610038}, pages = {99 -- 100}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Replacement tissues, designed to fill in articular cartilage defects, should exhibit the same properties as the native material. The aim of this study is to foster the understanding of, firstly, the mechanical behavior of the material itself and, secondly, the influence of cultivation parameters on cell seeded implants as well as on cell migration into acellular implants. In this study, acellular cartilage replacement material is theoretically, numerically and experimentally investigated regarding its viscoelastic properties, where a phenomenological model for practical applications is developed. Furthermore, remodeling and cell migration are investigated.}, language = {en} } @article{RieperGebhardtStucker2016, author = {Rieper, Harald and Gebhardt, Andreas and Stucker, Brent}, title = {Selective Laser Melting of the Eutectic Silver-Copper Alloy Ag 28 wt \% Cu}, series = {RTejournal - Forum f{\"u}r Rapid Technologie}, volume = {13}, journal = {RTejournal - Forum f{\"u}r Rapid Technologie}, issn = {1614-0923}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/nbn:de:0009-2-44141}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The aim of this work was to perform a detailed investigation of the use of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology to process eutectic silver-copper alloy Ag 28 wt. \% Cu (also called AgCu28). The processing occurred with a Realizer SLM 50 desktop machine. The powder analysis (SEM-topography, EDX, particle distribution) was reported as well as the absorption rates for the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. Microscope imaging showed the surface topography of the manufactured parts. Furthermore, microsections were conducted for the analysis of porosity. The Design of Experiments approach used the response surface method in order to model the statistical relationship between laser power, spot distance and pulse time.}, language = {en} } @article{JablonowskiKollmannNabeletal.2016, author = {Jablonowski, Nicolai David and Kollmann, Tobias and Nabel, Moritz and Damm, Tatjana and Klose, Holger and M{\"u}ller, Michael and Bl{\"a}sing, Marc and Seebold, S{\"o}ren and Krafft, Simone and Kuperjans, Isabel and Dahmen, Markus and Schurr, Ulrich}, title = {Valorization of Sida (Sida hermaphrodita) biomass for multiple energy purposes}, series = {GCB [Global Change Biology] Bioenergy}, volume = {9}, journal = {GCB [Global Change Biology] Bioenergy}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1757-1707 (online)}, doi = {10.1111/gcbb.12346}, pages = {202 -- 214}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The performance and biomass yield of the perennial energy plant Sida hermaphrodita (hereafter referred to as Sida) as a feedstock for biogas and solid fuel was evaluated throughout one entire growing period at agricultural field conditions. A Sida plant development code was established to allow comparison of the plant growth stages and biomass composition. Four scenarios were evaluated to determine the use of Sida biomass with regard to plant development and harvest time: (i) one harvest for solid fuel only; (ii) one harvest for biogas production only; (iii) one harvest for biogas production, followed by a harvest of the regrown biomass for solid fuel; and (iv) two consecutive harvests for biogas production. To determine Sida's value as a feedstock for combustion, we assessed the caloric value, the ash quality, and melting point with regard to DIN EN ISO norms. The results showed highest total dry biomass yields of max. 25 t ha⁻¹, whereas the highest dry matter of 70\% to 80\% was obtained at the end of the growing period. Scenario (i) clearly indicated the highest energy recovery, accounting for 439 288 MJ ha⁻¹; the energy recovery of the four scenarios from highest to lowest followed this order: (i) ≫ (iii) ≫ (iv) > (ii). Analysis of the Sida ashes showed a high melting point of >1500 °C, associated with a net calorific value of 16.5-17.2 MJ kg⁻¹. All prerequisites for DIN EN ISO norms were achieved, indicating Sida's advantage as a solid energy carrier without any post-treatment after harvesting. Cell wall analysis of the stems showed a constant lignin content after sampling week 16 (July), whereas cellulose had already reached a plateau in sampling week 4 (April). The results highlight Sida as a promising woody, perennial plant, providing biomass for flexible and multipurpose energy applications.}, language = {en} } @article{ValeroBung2016, author = {Valero, Daniel and Bung, Daniel B.}, title = {Sensitivity of turbulent Schmidt number and turbulence model to simulations of jets in crossflow}, series = {Environmental Modelling and Software}, volume = {82}, journal = {Environmental Modelling and Software}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1364-8152 (electronic)}, doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.04.030}, pages = {218 -- 228}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Environmental discharges have been traditionally designed by means of cost-intensive and time-consuming experimental studies. Some extensively validated models based on an integral approach have been often employed for water quality problems, as recommended by USEPA (i.e.: CORMIX). In this study, FLOW-3D is employed for a full 3D RANS modelling of two turbulent jet-to-crossflow cases, including free surface jet impingement. Results are compared to both physical modelling and CORMIX to better assess model performance. Turbulence measurements have been collected for a better understanding of turbulent diffusion's parameter sensitivity. Although both studied models are generally able to reproduce jet trajectory, jet separation downstream of the impingement has been reproduced only by RANS modelling. Additionally, concentrations are better reproduced by FLOW-3D when the proper turbulent Schmidt number is used. This study provides a recommendation on the selection of the turbulence model and the turbulent Schmidt number for future outfall structures design studies.}, language = {en} } @article{HeinzeMangPopescuetal.2016, author = {Heinze, D. and Mang, Thomas and Popescu, C. and Weichold, O.}, title = {Effect of side chain length and degree of polymerization on the decomposition and crystallization behaviour of chlorinated poly(vinyl ester) oligomers}, series = {Thermochimica Acta}, volume = {637}, journal = {Thermochimica Acta}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0040-6031 (electronic)}, doi = {10.1016/j.tca.2016.05.015}, pages = {143 -- 153}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Four members of a homologous series of chlorinated poly(vinyl ester) oligomers CCl₃-(CH₂CH (OCO(CH₂)ₘCH₃))ₙ-Cl with degrees of polymerization of 10 and 20 were prepared by telomerisation using carbon tetrachloride. The number of side chain carbon atoms ranges from 2 (poly(vinyl acetate) to 18 (poly(vinyl stearate)). The effect of the n-alkyl side chain length and of the degree of polymerization on the thermal stability and crystallization behaviour of the synthesized compounds was investigated. All oligomers degrade in two major steps by first losing HCl and side chains with subsequent breakdown of the backbone. The members with short side chains, up to poly(vinyl octanoate), are amorphous and show internal plasticization, whereas those with high number of side chain carbon atoms are semi-crystalline due to side-chain crystallization. A better packing for poly(vinyl stearate) is also noticeable. The glass transition and melting temperatures as well as the onset temperature of decomposition are influenced to a larger extent by the side chain length than by the degree of polymerization. Thermal stability is improved if both the size and number of side chains increase, but only a long side chain causes a significant increase of the resistance to degradation. This results in a stabilization of PVAc so that oligomers from poly(vinyl octanoate) on are stable under atmospheric conditions. Thus, the way to design stable, chlorinated PVEs oligomers is to use a long n-alkyl side chain.}, language = {en} } @article{FerreinSchifferBooysenetal.2016, author = {Ferrein, Alexander and Schiffer, Stefan and Booysen, T. and Stopforth, R.}, title = {Why it is harder to run RoboCup in South Africa: Experiences from German South African collaborations}, series = {International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems}, volume = {13}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems}, number = {5}, issn = {1729-8806}, doi = {10.1177/1729881416662789}, pages = {1 -- 13}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Robots are widely used as a vehicle to spark interest in science and technology in learners. A number of initiatives focus on this issue, for instance, the Roberta Initiative, the FIRST Lego League, the World Robot Olympiad and RoboCup Junior. Robotic competitions are valuable not only for school learners but also for university students, as the RoboCup initiative shows. Besides technical skills, the students get some project exposure and experience what it means to finish their tasks on time. But qualifying students for future high-tech areas should not only be for students from developed countries. In this article, we present our experiences with research and education in robotics within the RoboCup initiative, in Germany and South Africa; we report on our experiences with trying to get the RoboCup initiative in South Africa going. RoboCup has a huge support base of academic institutions in Germany; this is not the case in South Africa. We present our 'north-south' collaboration initiatives in RoboCup between Germany and South Africa and discuss some of the reasons why we think it is harder to run RoboCup in South Africa.}, language = {en} } @article{WagnerVornholtWerneretal.2016, author = {Wagner, Torsten and Vornholt, Wolfgang and Werner, Frederik and Yoshinobu, Tatsuo and Miyamoto, Ko-Ichiro and Keusgen, Michael and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) combined with magnetic beads for pharmaceutical screening}, series = {Physics in medicine}, volume = {2016}, journal = {Physics in medicine}, number = {1}, issn = {2352-4510}, doi = {10.1016/j.phmed.2016.03.001}, pages = {2 -- 7}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) has the unique feature to address different regions of a sensor surface without the need of complex structures. Measurements at different locations on the sensor surface can be performed in a common analyte solution, which distinctly simplifies the fluidic set-up. However, the measurement in a single analyte chamber prevents the application of different drugs or different concentrations of a drug to each measurement spot at the same time as in the case of multi-reservoir-based set-ups. In this work, the authors designed a LAPS-based set-up for cell culture screening that utilises magnetic beads loaded with the endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides, LPS), to generate a spatially distributed gradient of analyte concentration. Different external magnetic fields can be adjusted to move the magnetic beads loaded with a specific drug within the measurement cell. By recording the metabolic activities of a cell layer cultured on top of the LAPS surface, this work shows the possibility to apply different concentrations of a sample along the LAPS measurement spots within a common analyte solution.}, language = {en} } @article{DollWagnerWagneretal.2016, author = {Doll, Theodor and Wagner, Torsten and Wagner, Patrick and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Engineering of functional interfaces / Theodor Doll ; Torsten Wagner ; Patrick Wagner ; Michael J. Sch{\"o}ning (eds.)}, series = {Physica status solidi (a)}, volume = {213}, journal = {Physica status solidi (a)}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1862-6319}, doi = {10.1002/pssa.201670641}, pages = {1393 -- 1394}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @article{KnobeGiesenPlateetal.2016, author = {Knobe, M. and Giesen, M. and Plate, S. and Gradl-Dietsch, G. and Buecking, B. and Eschbach, D. and Laack, Walter van and Pape, H.-C.}, title = {The Aachen mobility and balance index to measure physiological falls risk: a comparison with the Tinetti POMA scale}, series = {European Journal Of Trauma And Emergency Surgery}, volume = {42}, journal = {European Journal Of Trauma And Emergency Surgery}, number = {5}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1863-9941}, doi = {10.1007/s00068-016-0693-2}, pages = {537 -- 545}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Purpose The most commonly used mobility assessments for screening risk of falls among older adults are rating scales such as the Tinetti performance oriented mobility assessment (POMA). However, its correlation with falls is not always predictable and disadvantages of the scale include difficulty to assess many of the items on a 3-point scale and poor specificity. The purpose of this study was to describe the ability of the new Aachen Mobility and Balance Index (AMBI) to discriminate between subjects with a fall history and subjects without such events in comparison to the Tinetti POMA Scale. Methods For this prospective cohort study, 24 participants in the study group and 10 in the control group were selected from a population of patients in our hospital who had met the stringent inclusion criteria. Both groups completed the Tinetti POMA Scale (gait and balance component) and the AMBI (tandem stance, tandem walk, ten-meter-walk-test, sit-to-stand with five repetitions, 360° turns, timed-up-and-go-test and measurement of the dominant hand grip strength). A history of falls and hospitalization in the past year were evaluated retrospectively. The relationships among the mobility tests were examined with Bland-Altmananalysis. Receiver-operated characteristics curves, sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results The study showed a strong negative correlation between the AMBI (17 points max., highest fall risk) and Tinetti POMA Scale (28 points max., lowest fall risk; r = -0.78, p < 0.001) with an excellent discrimination between community-dwelling older people and a younger control group. However, there were no differences in any of the mobility and balance measurements between participants with and without a fall history with equal characteristics in test comparison (AMBI vs. Tinetti POMA Scale: AUC 0.570 vs. 0.598; p = 0.762). The Tinetti POMA Scale (cut-off <20 points) showed a sensitivity of 0.45 and a specificity of 0.69, the AMBI a sensitivity of 0.64 and a specificity of 0.46 (cut-off >5 points). Conclusion The AMBI comprises mobility and balance tasks with increasing difficulty as well as a measurement of the dominant hand-grip strength. Its ability to identify fallers was comparable to the Tinetti POMA Scale. However, both measurement sets showed shortcomings in discrimination between fallers and non-fallers based on a self-reported retrospective falls-status.}, language = {en} } @article{MolinnusSorichBartzetal.2016, author = {Molinnus, Denise and Sorich, Maren and Bartz, Alexander and Siegert, Petra and Willenberg, Holger S. and Lisdat, Fred and Poghossian, Arshak and Keusgen, Michael and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Towards an adrenaline biosensor based on substrate recycling amplification in combination with an enzyme logic gate}, series = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical}, volume = {237}, journal = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0925-4005}, doi = {10.1016/j.snb.2016.06.064}, pages = {190 -- 195}, year = {2016}, abstract = {An amperometric biosensor using a substrate recycling principle was realized for the detection of low adrenaline concentrations (1 nM) by measurements in phosphate buffer and Ringer's solution at pH 6.5 and pH 7.4, respectively. In proof-of-concept experiments, a Boolean logic-gate principle has been applied to develop a digital adrenaline biosensor based on an enzyme AND logic gate. The obtained results demonstrate that the developed digital biosensor is capable for a rapid qualitative determination of the presence/absence of adrenaline in a YES/NO statement. Such digital biosensor could be used in clinical diagnostics for the control of a correct insertion of a catheter in the adrenal veins during adrenal venous-sampling procedure.}, language = {en} } @article{ValeroBung2016, author = {Valero, Daniel and Bung, Daniel B.}, title = {Development of the interfacial air layer in the non-aerated region of high-velocity spillway flows: Instabilities growth, entrapped air and influence on the self-aeration onset}, series = {International Journal of Multiphase Flow}, volume = {84}, journal = {International Journal of Multiphase Flow}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0301-9322}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2016.04.012}, pages = {66 -- 74}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Self-aeration is traditionally explained by the water turbulent boundary layer outer edge intersection with the free surface. This paper presents a discussion on the commonly accepted hypothesis behind the computation of the critical point of self-aeration in spillway flows and a new formulation is proposed based on the existence of a developing air flow over the free surface. Upstream of the inception point of self-aeration, some surface roughening has been often reported in previous studies which consequently implies some entrapped air transport and air-water flows coupling. Such air flow is proven in this study by presenting measured air velocities and computing the air boundary layer thickness for a 1V:2H smooth chute flow. Additionally, the growth rate of free surface waves has been analysed by means of Ultrasonic Sensors measurements, obtaining also the entrapped air concentration. High-speed camera imaging has been used for qualitative study of the flow perturbations.}, language = {en} } @article{GhoschBaierSchuetzetal.2016, author = {Ghosch, S. and Baier, M. and Sch{\"u}tz, J. and Schneider, Felix and Scherer, Ulrich W.}, title = {Analysis of electronic autoradiographs by mathematical post-processing}, series = {Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids: Incorporating plasma science and plasma technology}, volume = {171}, journal = {Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids: Incorporating plasma science and plasma technology}, number = {1-2}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {1029-4953}, doi = {10.1080/10420150.2016.1155587}, pages = {161 -- 172}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Autoradiography is a well-established method of nuclear imaging. When different radionuclides are present simultaneously, additional processing is needed to distinguish distributions of radionuclides. In this work, a method is presented where aluminium absorbers of different thickness are used to produce images with different cut-off energies. By subtracting images pixel-by-pixel one can generate images representing certain ranges of β-particle energies. The method is applied to the measurement of irradiated reactor graphite samples containing several radionuclides to determine the spatial distribution of these radionuclides within pre-defined energy windows. The process was repeated under fixed parameters after thermal treatment of the samples. The greyscale images of the distribution after treatment were subtracted from the corresponding pre-treatment images. Significant changes in the intensity and distribution of radionuclides could be observed in some samples. Due to the thermal treatment parameters the most significant differences were observed in the ³H and ¹⁴C inventory and distribution.}, language = {en} } @article{BelavyAlbrachtBruggemannetal.2016, author = {Belavy, Daniel L. and Albracht, Kirsten and Bruggemann, Gert-Peter and Vergroesen, Pieter-Paul A. and Dieen, Jaap H. van}, title = {Can exercise positively influence the intervertebral disc?}, series = {Sports Medicine}, volume = {46}, journal = {Sports Medicine}, number = {4}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1179-2035}, doi = {10.1007/s40279-015-0444-2}, pages = {473 -- 485}, year = {2016}, abstract = {To better understand what kinds of sports and exercise could be beneficial for the intervertebral disc (IVD), we performed a review to synthesise the literature on IVD adaptation with loading and exercise. The state of the literature did not permit a systematic review; therefore, we performed a narrative review. The majority of the available data come from cell or whole-disc loading models and animal exercise models. However, some studies have examined the impact of specific sports on IVD degeneration in humans and acute exercise on disc size. Based on the data available in the literature, loading types that are likely beneficial to the IVD are dynamic, axial, at slow to moderate movement speeds, and of a magnitude experienced in walking and jogging. Static loading, torsional loading, flexion with compression, rapid loading, high-impact loading and explosive tasks are likely detrimental for the IVD. Reduced physical activity and disuse appear to be detrimental for the IVD. We also consider the impact of genetics and the likelihood of a 'critical period' for the effect of exercise in IVD development. The current review summarises the literature to increase awareness amongst exercise, rehabilitation and ergonomic professionals regarding IVD health and provides recommendations on future directions in research.}, language = {en} } @article{MiyamotoSatoAbeetal.2016, author = {Miyamoto, Ko-Ichiro and Sato, Takuya and Abe, Minami and Wagner, Torsten and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Yoshinobu, Tatsuo}, title = {Light-addressable potentiometric sensor as a sensing element in plug-based microfluidic devices}, series = {Micromachines}, volume = {7}, journal = {Micromachines}, number = {7}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-666X}, doi = {10.3390/mi7070111}, pages = {111}, year = {2016}, abstract = {A plug-based microfluidic system based on the principle of the light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is proposed. The LAPS is a semiconductor-based chemical sensor, which has a free addressability of the measurement point on the sensing surface. By combining a microfluidic device and LAPS, ion sensing can be performed anywhere inside the microfluidic channel. In this study, the sample solution to be measured was introduced into the channel in a form of a plug with a volume in the range of microliters. Taking advantage of the light-addressability, the position of the plug could be monitored and pneumatically controlled. With the developed system, the pH value of a plug with a volume down to 400 nL could be measured. As an example of plug-based operation, two plugs were merged in the channel, and the pH change was detected by differential measurement.}, language = {en} } @article{JahnkeRousselHombachetal.2016, author = {Jahnke, Siegfried and Roussel, Johanna and Hombach, Thomas and Kochs, Johannes and Fischbach, Andreas and Huber, Gregor and Scharr, Hanno}, title = {phenoSeeder - A robot system for automated handling and phenotyping of individual seeds}, series = {Plant physiology}, volume = {172}, journal = {Plant physiology}, number = {3}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0032-0889}, doi = {10.1104/pp.16.01122}, pages = {1358 -- 1370}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The enormous diversity of seed traits is an intriguing feature and critical for the overwhelming success of higher plants. In particular, seed mass is generally regarded to be key for seedling development but is mostly approximated by using scanning methods delivering only two-dimensional data, often termed seed size. However, three-dimensional traits, such as the volume or mass of single seeds, are very rarely determined in routine measurements. Here, we introduce a device named phenoSeeder, which enables the handling and phenotyping of individual seeds of very different sizes. The system consists of a pick-and-place robot and a modular setup of sensors that can be versatilely extended. Basic biometric traits detected for individual seeds are two-dimensional data from projections, three-dimensional data from volumetric measures, and mass, from which seed density is also calculated. Each seed is tracked by an identifier and, after phenotyping, can be planted, sorted, or individually stored for further evaluation or processing (e.g. in routine seed-to-plant tracking pipelines). By investigating seeds of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), rapeseed (Brassica napus), and barley (Hordeum vulgare), we observed that, even for apparently round-shaped seeds of rapeseed, correlations between the projected area and the mass of seeds were much weaker than between volume and mass. This indicates that simple projections may not deliver good proxies for seed mass. Although throughput is limited, we expect that automated seed phenotyping on a single-seed basis can contribute valuable information for applications in a wide range of wild or crop species, including seed classification, seed sorting, and assessment of seed quality.}, language = {en} } @article{Wrede2016, author = {Wrede, Oliver}, title = {Continuity in travel information}, series = {Information Design Journal}, volume = {22}, journal = {Information Design Journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {John Benjamins}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0142-5471}, doi = {10.1075/idj.22.2.09wre}, pages = {172 -- 178}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This article discusses the contrast between the information transportation companies provide to travellers and that of their brand messaging. Companies' brand messaging often portrays the service they provide as pleasant, stress free and perfect. Customers and users of the service, on the other hand, often describe their experience of the service as a negative one. This article suggests that the brand value would be greater if transportation companies paid more attention to the users' experience when designing their information systems, particularly in worst case scenarios.}, language = {en} } @article{FerreinSteinbauer2016, author = {Ferrein, Alexander and Steinbauer, Gerald}, title = {20 Years of RoboCup - A Subjective Retrospection}, series = {KI - K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, volume = {30}, journal = {KI - K{\"u}nstliche Intelligenz}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1610-1987}, doi = {10.1007/s13218-016-0449-5}, pages = {225 -- 232}, year = {2016}, abstract = {This summer, RoboCup competitions were held for the 20th time in Leipzig, Germany. It was the second time that RoboCup took place in Germany, 10 years after the 2006 RoboCup in Bremen. In this article, we give an overview on the latest developments of RoboCup and what happened in the different leagues over the last decade. With its 20th edition, RoboCup clearly is a success story and a role model for robotics competitions. From our personal view point, we acknowledge this by giving a retrospection about what makes RoboCup such a success.}, language = {en} } @article{FunkeKeinzKustereretal.2016, author = {Funke, Harald and Keinz, Jan and Kusterer, Karsten and Ayed, Anis Haj and Kazari, Masahide and Kitajima, Junichi and Horikawa, Atsushi and Okada, Kunio}, title = {Experimental and Numerical Study on Optimizing the Dry Low NOₓ Micromix Hydrogen Combustion Principle for Industrial Gas Turbine Applications}, series = {Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications}, volume = {9}, journal = {Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications}, number = {2}, publisher = {ASME}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {1948-5093}, doi = {10.1115/1.4034849}, pages = {021001 -- 021001-10}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Combined with the use of renewable energy sources for its production, hydrogen represents a possible alternative gas turbine fuel for future low-emission power generation. Due to the difference in the physical properties of hydrogen compared to other fuels such as natural gas, well-established gas turbine combustion systems cannot be directly applied to dry low NOₓ (DLN) hydrogen combustion. The DLN micromix combustion of hydrogen has been under development for many years, since it has the promise to significantly reduce NOₓ emissions. This combustion principle for air-breathing engines is based on crossflow mixing of air and gaseous hydrogen. Air and hydrogen react in multiple miniaturized diffusion-type flames with an inherent safety against flashback and with low NOₓ emissions due to a very short residence time of the reactants in the flame region. The paper presents an advanced DLN micromix hydrogen application. The experimental and numerical study shows a combustor configuration with a significantly reduced number of enlarged fuel injectors with high-thermal power output at constant energy density. Larger fuel injectors reduce manufacturing costs, are more robust and less sensitive to fuel contamination and blockage in industrial environments. The experimental and numerical results confirm the successful application of high-energy injectors, while the DLN micromix characteristics of the design point, under part-load conditions, and under off-design operation are maintained. Atmospheric test rig data on NOₓ emissions, optical flame-structure, and combustor material temperatures are compared to numerical simulations and show good agreement. The impact of the applied scaling and design laws on the miniaturized micromix flamelets is particularly investigated numerically for the resulting flow field, the flame-structure, and NOₓ formation.}, language = {en} } @article{AyedKustererFunkeetal.2016, author = {Ayed, Anis Haj and Kusterer, Karsten and Funke, Harald and Keinz, Jan}, title = {CFD Based Improvement of the DLN Hydrogen Micromix Combustion Technology at Increased Energy Densities}, series = {American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)}, volume = {26}, journal = {American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)}, number = {3}, publisher = {GSSRR}, issn = {2313-4402}, pages = {290 -- 303}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Combined with the use of renewable energy sources for its production, Hydrogen represents a possible alternative gas turbine fuel within future low emission power generation. Due to the large difference in the physical properties of Hydrogen compared to other fuels such as natural gas, well established gas turbine combustion systems cannot be directly applied for Dry Low NOx (DLN) Hydrogen combustion. Thus, the development of DLN combustion technologies is an essential and challenging task for the future of Hydrogen fuelled gas turbines. The DLN Micromix combustion principle for hydrogen fuel has been developed to significantly reduce NOx-emissions. This combustion principle is based on cross-flow mixing of air and gaseous hydrogen which reacts in multiple miniaturized diffusion-type flames. The major advantages of this combustion principle are the inherent safety against flash-back and the low NOx-emissions due to a very short residence time of reactants in the flame region of the micro-flames. The Micromix Combustion technology has been already proven experimentally and numerically for pure Hydrogen fuel operation at different energy density levels. The aim of the present study is to analyze the influence of different geometry parameter variations on the flame structure and the NOx emission and to identify the most relevant design parameters, aiming to provide a physical understanding of the Micromix flame sensitivity to the burner design and identify further optimization potential of this innovative combustion technology while increasing its energy density and making it mature enough for real gas turbine application. The study reveals great optimization potential of the Micromix Combustion technology with respect to the DLN characteristics and gives insight into the impact of geometry modifications on flame structure and NOx emission. This allows to further increase the energy density of the Micromix burners and to integrate this technology in industrial gas turbines.}, language = {en} } @article{FunkeBeckmannKeinzetal.2016, author = {Funke, Harald and Beckmann, Nils and Keinz, Jan and Abanteriba, Sylvester}, title = {Comparison of Numerical Combustion Models for Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Applied for Dry-Low-NOx-Micromix-Combustion}, series = {ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition Volume 4A: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions Seoul, South Korea, June 13-17, 2016}, journal = {ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition Volume 4A: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions Seoul, South Korea, June 13-17, 2016}, publisher = {ASME}, address = {New York, NY}, isbn = {978-0-7918-4975-0}, doi = {10.1115/GT2016-56430}, pages = {12}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The Dry-Low-NOₓ (DLN) Micromix combustion technology has been developed as low emission combustion principle for industrial gas turbines fueled with hydrogen or syngas. The combustion process is based on the phenomenon of jet-in-crossflow-mixing. Fuel is injected perpendicular into the air-cross-flow and burned in a multitude of miniaturized, diffusion-like flames. The miniaturization of the flames leads to a significant reduction of NOₓ emissions due to the very short residence time of reactants in the flame. In the Micromix research approach, CFD analyses are validated towards experimental results. The combination of numerical and experimental methods allows an efficient design and optimization of DLN Micromix combustors concerning combustion stability and low NOₓ emissions. The paper presents a comparison of several numerical combustion models for hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas. They differ in the complexity of the underlying reaction mechanism and the associated computational effort. For pure hydrogen combustion a one-step global reaction is applied using a hybrid Eddy-Break-up model that incorporates finite rate kinetics. The model is evaluated and compared to a detailed hydrogen combustion mechanism derived by Li et al. including 9 species and 19 reversible elementary reactions. Based on this mechanism, reduction of the computational effort is achieved by applying the Flamelet Generated Manifolds (FGM) method while the accuracy of the detailed reaction scheme is maintained. For hydrogen-rich syngas combustion (H₂-CO) numerical analyses based on a skeletal H₂/CO reaction mechanism derived by Hawkes et al. and a detailed reaction mechanism provided by Ranzi et al. are performed. The comparison between combustion models and the validation of numerical results is based on exhaust gas compositions available from experimental investigation on DLN Micromix combustors. The conducted evaluation confirms that the applied detailed combustion mechanisms are able to predict the general physics of the DLN-Micromix combustion process accurately. The Flamelet Generated Manifolds method proved to be generally suitable to reduce the computational effort while maintaining the accuracy of detailed chemistry. Especially for reaction mechanisms with a high number of species accuracy and computational effort can be balanced using the FGM model.}, language = {en} } @article{SchmidtForkmannSinkeetal.2016, author = {Schmidt, K. and Forkmann, K. and Sinke, C. and Gratz, M. and Bitz, Andreas and Bingel, U.}, title = {The differential effect of trigeminal vs. peripheral pain stimulation on visual processing and memory encoding is influenced by pain-related fear}, series = {NeuroImage}, volume = {134}, journal = {NeuroImage}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1053-8119}, doi = {10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.026}, pages = {386 -- 395}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Compared to peripheral pain, trigeminal pain elicits higher levels of fear, which is assumed to enhance the interruptive effects of pain on concomitant cognitive processes. In this fMRI study we examined the behavioral and neural effects of trigeminal (forehead) and peripheral (hand) pain on visual processing and memory encoding. Cerebral activity was measured in 23 healthy subjects performing a visual categorization task that was immediately followed by a surprise recognition task. During the categorization task subjects received concomitant noxious electrical stimulation on the forehead or hand. Our data show that fear ratings were significantly higher for trigeminal pain. Categorization and recognition performance did not differ between pictures that were presented with trigeminal and peripheral pain. However, object categorization in the presence of trigeminal pain was associated with stronger activity in task-relevant visual areas (lateral occipital complex, LOC), memory encoding areas (hippocampus and parahippocampus) and areas implicated in emotional processing (amygdala) compared to peripheral pain. Further, individual differences in neural activation between the trigeminal and the peripheral condition were positively related to differences in fear ratings between both conditions. Functional connectivity between amygdala and LOC was increased during trigeminal compared to peripheral painful stimulation. Fear-driven compensatory resource activation seems to be enhanced for trigeminal stimuli, presumably due to their exceptional biological relevance.}, language = {en} } @article{LagemaatBreukelsVosetal.2016, author = {Lagemaat, Miriam W. and Breukels, Vincent and Vos, Eline K. and B., Adam and Uden, Mark J. van and Orzada, Stephan and Bitz, Andreas and Maas, Marnix C. and Scheenen, Tom W. J.}, title = {¹H MR spectroscopic imaging of the prostate at 7T using spectral-spatial pulses}, series = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine}, volume = {75}, journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine}, number = {3}, publisher = {International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine}, issn = {1522-2594}, doi = {10.1002/mrm.25569}, pages = {933 -- 945}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Purpose To assess the feasibility of prostate ¹H MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) using low-power spectral-spatial (SPSP) pulses at 7T, exploiting accurate spectral selection and spatial selectivity simultaneously. Methods A double spin-echo sequence was equipped with SPSP refocusing pulses with a spectral selectivity of 1 ppm. Three-dimensional prostate ¹H-MRSI at 7T was performed with the SPSP-MRSI sequence using an 8-channel transmit array coil and an endorectal receive coil in three patients with prostate cancer and in one healthy subject. No additional water or lipid suppression pulses were used. Results Prostate ¹H-MRSI could be obtained well within specific absorption rate (SAR) limits in a clinically feasible time (10 min). Next to the common citrate signals, the prostate spectra exhibited high spermine signals concealing creatine and sometimes also choline. Residual lipid signals were observed at the edges of the prostate because of limitations in spectral and spatial selectivity. Conclusion It is possible to perform prostate ¹H-MRSI at 7T with a SPSP-MRSI sequence while using separate transmit and receive coils. This low-SAR MRSI concept provides the opportunity to increase spatial resolution of MRSI within reasonable scan times.}, language = {en} } @article{OrzadaLaddBitz2016, author = {Orzada, Stephan and Ladd, Mark E. and Bitz, Andreas}, title = {A method to approximate maximum local SAR in multichannel transmit MR systems without transmit phase information}, series = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine}, volume = {78}, journal = {Magnetic Resonance in Medicine}, number = {2}, publisher = {International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine}, issn = {1522-2594}, doi = {10.1002/mrm.26398}, pages = {805 -- 811}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Purpose To calculate local specific absorption rate (SAR) correctly, both the amplitude and phase of the signal in each transmit channel have to be known. In this work, we propose a method to derive a conservative upper bound for the local SAR, with a reasonable safety margin without knowledge of the transmit phases of the channels. Methods The proposed method uses virtual observation points (VOPs). Correction factors are calculated for each set of VOPs that prevent underestimation of local SAR when the VOPs are applied with the correct amplitudes but fixed phases. Results The proposed method proved to be superior to the worst-case calculation based on the maximum eigenvalue of the VOPs. The mean overestimation for six coil setups could be reduced, whereas no underestimation of the maximum local SAR occurred. In the best investigated case, the overestimation could be reduced from a factor of 3.3 to a factor of 1.7. Conclusion The upper bound for the local SAR calculated with the proposed method allows a fast estimation of the local SAR based on power measurements in the transmit channels and facilitates SAR monitoring in systems that do not have the capability to monitor transmit phases}, language = {en} } @article{ChenSchoembergKraffetal.2016, author = {Chen, Bixia and Schoemberg, Tobias and Kraff, Oliver and Dammann, Philipp and Bitz, Andreas and Schlamann, Marc and Quick, Harald H. and Ladd, Mark E. and Sure, Ulrich and Wrede, Karsten H.}, title = {Cranial fixation plates in cerebral magnetic resonance imaging: a 3 and 7 Tesla in vivo image quality study}, series = {Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine}, volume = {29}, journal = {Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1352-8661}, doi = {10.1007/s10334-016-0548-1}, pages = {389 -- 398}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Objective This study assesses and quantifies impairment of postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7 Tesla (T) after implantation of titanium cranial fixation plates (CFPs) for neurosurgical bone flap fixation. Materials and methods The study group comprised five patients who were intra-individually examined with 3 and 7 T MRI preoperatively and postoperatively (within 72 h/3 months) after implantation of CFPs. Acquired sequences included T₁-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid-acquisition gradient-echo (MPRAGE), T₂-weighted turbo-spin-echo (TSE) imaging, and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI). Two experienced neurosurgeons and a neuroradiologist rated image quality and the presence of artifacts in consensus reading. Results Minor artifacts occurred around the CFPs in MPRAGE and T2 TSE at both field strengths, with no significant differences between 3 and 7 T. In SWI, artifacts were accentuated in the early postoperative scans at both field strengths due to intracranial air and hemorrhagic remnants. After resorption, the brain tissue directly adjacent to skull bone could still be assessed. Image quality after 3 months was equal to the preoperative examinations at 3 and 7 T. Conclusion Image quality after CFP implantation was not significantly impaired in 7 T MRI, and artifacts were comparable to those in 3 T MRI.}, language = {en} } @article{NeuJanserKhatibietal.2016, author = {Neu, Eugen and Janser, Frank and Khatibi, Akbar A. and Orifici, Adrian C.}, title = {Automated modal parameter-based anomaly detection under varying wind excitation}, series = {Structural Health Monitoring}, volume = {15}, journal = {Structural Health Monitoring}, number = {6}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {London}, issn = {1475-9217}, doi = {10.1177/1475921716665803}, pages = {1 -- 20}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Wind-induced operational variability is one of the major challenges for structural health monitoring of slender engineering structures like aircraft wings or wind turbine blades. Damage sensitive features often show an even bigger sensitivity to operational variability. In this study a composite cantilever was subjected to multiple mass configurations, velocities and angles of attack in a controlled wind tunnel environment. A small-scale impact damage was introduced to the specimen and the structural response measurements were repeated. The proposed damage detection methodology is based on automated operational modal analysis. A novel baseline preparation procedure is described that reduces the amount of user interaction to the provision of a single consistency threshold. The procedure starts with an indeterminate number of operational modal analysis identifications from a large number of datasets and returns a complete baseline matrix of natural frequencies and damping ratios that is suitable for subsequent anomaly detection. Mahalanobis distance-based anomaly detection is then applied to successfully detect the damage under varying severities of operational variability and with various degrees of knowledge about the present operational conditions. The damage detection capabilities of the proposed methodology were found to be excellent under varying velocities and angles of attack. Damage detection was less successful under joint mass and wind variability but could be significantly improved through the provision of the currently encountered operational conditions.}, language = {en} } @article{RoeschKratzHeringetal.2016, author = {R{\"o}sch, C. and Kratz, F. and Hering, T. and Trautmann, S. and Umanskaya, N. and Tippk{\"o}tter, Nils and M{\"u}ller-Renno, C.M. and Ulber, R. and Hannig, M. and Ziegler, C.}, title = {Albumin-lysozyme interactions: cooperative adsorption on titanium and enzymatic activity}, series = {Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces}, volume = {149}, journal = {Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.09.048}, pages = {115 -- 121}, year = {2016}, abstract = {The interplay of albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (LYZ) adsorbed simultaneously on titanium was analyzed by gel electrophoresis and BCA assay. It was found that BSA and lysozyme adsorb cooperatively. Additionally, the isoelectric point of the respective protein influences the adsorption. Also, the enzymatic activity of lysozyme and amylase (AMY) in mixtures with BSA was considered with respect to a possible influence of protein-protein interaction on enzyme activity. Indeed, an increase of lysozyme activity in the presence of BSA could be observed. In contrast, BSA does not influence the activity of amylase.}, language = {en} } @article{RothTippkoetter2016, author = {Roth, Jasmine and Tippk{\"o}tter, Nils}, title = {Evaluation of lignocellulosic material for butanol production using enzymatic hydrolysate medium}, series = {Cellulose Chemistry and Technology}, volume = {50}, journal = {Cellulose Chemistry and Technology}, number = {3-4}, publisher = {Editura Academiei Romane}, address = {Bukarest}, pages = {405 -- 410}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Butanol is a promising gasoline additive and platform chemical that can be readily produced via acetone-butanolethanol (ABE) fermentation from pretreated lignocellulosic materials. This article examines lignocellulosic material from beech wood for ABE fermentation, using Clostridium acetobutylicum. First, the utilization of both C₅₋ (xylose) and C₆₋ (glucose) sugars as sole carbon source was investigated in static cultivation, using serum bottles and synthetic medium. The utilization of pentose sugar resulted in a solvent yield of 0.231 g·g_sugar⁻¹, compared to 0.262 g·g_sugar⁻¹ using hexose. Then, the Organosolv pretreated crude cellulose fibers (CF) were enzymatically decomposed, and the resulting hydrolysate medium was analyzed for inhibiting compounds (furans, organic acids, phenolics) and treated with ionexchangers for detoxification. Batch fermentation in a bioreactor using CF hydrolysate medium resulted in a total solvent yield of 0.20 gABE·g_sugar⁻¹.}, language = {en} }