@article{KreyerMuellerEsch2020, author = {Kreyer, J{\"o}rg and M{\"u}ller, Marvin and Esch, Thomas}, title = {A Calculation Methodology for Predicting Exhaust Mass Flows and Exhaust Temperature Profiles for Heavy-Duty Vehicles}, series = {SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles}, volume = {13}, journal = {SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles}, number = {2}, publisher = {SAE International}, address = {Warrendale, Pa.}, issn = {1946-3928}, doi = {10.4271/02-13-02-0009}, pages = {129 -- 143}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The predictive control of commercial vehicle energy management systems, such as vehicle thermal management or waste heat recovery (WHR) systems, are discussed on the basis of information sources from the field of environment recognition and in combination with the determination of the vehicle system condition. In this article, a mathematical method for predicting the exhaust gas mass flow and the exhaust gas temperature is presented based on driving data of a heavy-duty vehicle. The prediction refers to the conditions of the exhaust gas at the inlet of the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler and at the outlet of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system (EAT). The heavy-duty vehicle was operated on the motorway to investigate the characteristic operational profile. In addition to the use of road gradient profile data, an evaluation of the continuously recorded distance signal, which represents the distance between the test vehicle and the road user ahead, is included in the prediction model. Using a Fourier analysis, the trajectory of the vehicle speed is determined for a defined prediction horizon. To verify the method, a holistic simulation model consisting of several hierarchically structured submodels has been developed. A map-based submodel of a combustion engine is used to determine the EGR and EAT exhaust gas mass flows and exhaust gas temperature profiles. All simulation results are validated on the basis of the recorded vehicle and environmental data. Deviations from the predicted values are analyzed and discussed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FingerdeVriesVosetal.2020, author = {Finger, Felix and de Vries, Reynard and Vos, Roelof and Braun, Carsten and Bil, Cees}, title = {A comparison of hybrid-electric aircraft sizing methods}, series = {AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum}, booktitle = {AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum}, doi = {10.2514/6.2020-1006}, pages = {31 Seiten}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{Koehler2020, author = {K{\"o}hler, Klemens}, title = {A conflict theory perspective of IT attacks - consequences for IT security education}, number = {Preprint}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Cyberspace is "the environment formed by physical and non-physical components to store, modify, and exchange data using computer networks" (NATO CCDCOE). Beyond that, it is an environment where people interact. IT attacks are hostile, non-cooperative interactions that can be described with conflict theory. Applying conflict theory to IT security leads to different objectives for end-user education, requiring different formats like agency-based competence developing games.}, language = {en} } @article{GossmannThomasHorvathetal.2020, author = {Gossmann, Matthias and Thomas, Ulrich and Horv{\´a}th, Andr{\´a}s and Dragicevic, Elena and Stoelzle-Feix, Sonja and Jung, Alexander and Raman, Aravind Hariharan and Staat, Manfred and Linder, Peter}, title = {A higher-throughput approach to investigate cardiac contractility in vitro under physiological mechanical conditions}, series = {Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods}, volume = {105}, journal = {Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods}, number = {Article 106843}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {New York, NY}, doi = {10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106843}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KreyerMuellerEsch2020, author = {Kreyer, J{\"o}rg and M{\"u}ller, Marvin and Esch, Thomas}, title = {A Map-Based Model for the Determination of Fuel Consumption for Internal Combustion Engines as a Function of Flight Altitude}, series = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2019, „Luft- und Raumfahrt - technologische Br{\"u}cke in die Zukunft", Darmstadt, 30. September bis 2. Oktober 2019}, booktitle = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2019, „Luft- und Raumfahrt - technologische Br{\"u}cke in die Zukunft", Darmstadt, 30. September bis 2. Oktober 2019}, publisher = {Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V}, address = {Bonn}, doi = {10.25967/490162}, pages = {13 Seiten}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{KhayyamJamaliBabHadiasharetal.2020, author = {Khayyam, Hamid and Jamali, Ali and Bab-Hadiashar, Alireza and Esch, Thomas and Ramakrishna, Seeram and Jalili, Mahdi and Naebe, Minoo}, title = {A Novel Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithm for Limited and Big Data Modeling with Application in Industry 4.0}, series = {IEEE Access}, volume = {8}, journal = {IEEE Access}, number = {Art. 9108222}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York, NY}, issn = {2169-3536}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2999898}, pages = {111381 -- 111393}, year = {2020}, abstract = {To meet the challenges of manufacturing smart products, the manufacturing plants have been radically changed to become smart factories underpinned by industry 4.0 technologies. The transformation is assisted by employment of machine learning techniques that can deal with modeling both big or limited data. This manuscript reviews these concepts and present a case study that demonstrates the use of a novel intelligent hybrid algorithms for Industry 4.0 applications with limited data. In particular, an intelligent algorithm is proposed for robust data modeling of nonlinear systems based on input-output data. In our approach, a novel hybrid data-driven combining the Group-Method of Data-Handling and Singular-Value Decomposition is adapted to find an offline deterministic model combined with Pareto multi-objective optimization to overcome the overfitting issue. An Unscented-Kalman-Filter is also incorporated to update the coefficient of the deterministic model and increase its robustness against data uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed method is examined on a set of real industrial measurements.}, language = {en} } @article{KhayyamJamaliBabHadiasharetal.2020, author = {Khayyam, Hamid and Jamali, Ali and Bab-Hadiashar, Alireza and Esch, Thomas and Ramakrishna, Seeram and Jalil, Mahdi and Naebe, Minoo}, title = {A Novel Hybrid Machine Learning Algorithm for Limited and Big Data Modelling with Application in Industry 4.0}, series = {IEEE Access}, journal = {IEEE Access}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York, NY}, isbn = {2169-3536}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2999898}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {To meet the challenges of manufacturing smart products, the manufacturing plants have been radically changed to become smart factories underpinned by industry 4.0 technologies. The transformation is assisted by employment of machine learning techniques that can deal with modeling both big or limited data. This manuscript reviews these concepts and present a case study that demonstrates the use of a novel intelligent hybrid algorithms for Industry 4.0 applications with limited data. In particular, an intelligent algorithm is proposed for robust data modeling of nonlinear systems based on input-output data. In our approach, a novel hybrid data-driven combining the Group-Method of Data-Handling and Singular-Value Decomposition is adapted to find an offline deterministic model combined with Pareto multi-objective optimization to overcome the overfitting issue. An Unscented-Kalman-Filter is also incorporated to update the coefficient of the deterministic model and increase its robustness against data uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed method is examined on a set of real industrial measurements.}, language = {en} } @article{RoepkeKoehlerDruryetal.2020, author = {Roepke, Rene and K{\"o}hler, Klemens and Drury, Vincent and Schroeder, Ulrik and Wolf, Martin and Meyer, Ulrike}, title = {A pond full of phishing games - analysis of learning games for anti-phishing education}, series = {Model-driven Simulation and Training Environments for Cybersecurity. MSTEC 2020}, journal = {Model-driven Simulation and Training Environments for Cybersecurity. MSTEC 2020}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-62433-0}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-62433-0_32020}, pages = {41 -- 60}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Game-based learning is a promising approach to anti-phishing education, as it fosters motivation and can help reduce the perceived difficulty of the educational material. Over the years, several prototypes for game-based applications have been proposed, that follow different approaches in content selection, presentation, and game mechanics. In this paper, a literature and product review of existing learning games is presented. Based on research papers and accessible applications, an in-depth analysis was conducted, encompassing target groups, educational contexts, learning goals based on Bloom's Revised Taxonomy, and learning content. As a result of this review, we created the publications on games (POG) data set for the domain of anti-phishing education. While there are games that can convey factual and conceptual knowledge, we find that most games are either unavailable, fail to convey procedural knowledge or lack technical depth. Thus, we identify potential areas of improvement for games suitable for end-users in informal learning contexts.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PhilippBrillowskiDammersetal.2020, author = {Philipp, Brauner and Brillowski, Florian Sascha and Dammers, Hannah and K{\"o}nigs, Peter and Kordtomeikel, Frauke Carole and Petruck, Henning and Schaar, Anne Kathrin and Schmitz, Seth and Steuer-Dankert, Linda and Mertens, Alexander and Gries, Thomas and Leicht-Scholten, Carmen and Nagel, Saskia K. and Nitsch, Verena and Schuh, G{\"u}nther and Ziefle, Martina}, title = {A research framework for human aspects in the internet of production: an intra-company perspective}, series = {Advances in Manufacturing, Production Management and Process Control: Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conferences on Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing, Advanced Production Management and Process Control, and Additive Manufacturing, Modeling Systems and 3D Prototyping, July 16-20, 2020, USA}, booktitle = {Advances in Manufacturing, Production Management and Process Control: Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conferences on Human Aspects of Advanced Manufacturing, Advanced Production Management and Process Control, and Additive Manufacturing, Modeling Systems and 3D Prototyping, July 16-20, 2020, USA}, editor = {Mrugalska, Beata and Trzcielinski, Stefan and Karwowski, Waldemar and Nicolantonio, Massimo Di and Roossi, Emilio}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-51980-3}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-51981-0_1}, pages = {3 -- 17}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Digitalization in the production sector aims at transferring concepts and methods from the Internet of Things (IoT) to the industry and is, as a result, currently reshaping the production area. Besides technological progress, changes in work processes and organization are relevant for a successful implementation of the "Internet of Production" (IoP). Focusing on the labor organization and organizational procedures emphasizes to consider intra-company factors such as (user) acceptance, ethical issues, and ergonomics in the context of IoP approaches. In the scope of this paper, a research approach is presented that considers these aspects from an intra-company perspective by conducting studies on the shop floor, control level and management level of companies in the production area. Focused on four central dimensions—governance, organization, capabilities, and interfaces—this contribution presents a research framework that is focused on a systematic integration and consideration of human aspects in the realization of the IoP.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{RekePeterSchulteTiggesetal.2020, author = {Reke, Michael and Peter, Daniel and Schulte-Tigges, Joschua and Schiffer, Stefan and Ferrein, Alexander and Walter, Thomas and Matheis, Dominik}, title = {A Self-Driving Car Architecture in ROS2}, series = {2020 International SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA Conference, Cape Town, South Africa}, booktitle = {2020 International SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA Conference, Cape Town, South Africa}, isbn = {978-1-7281-4162-6}, doi = {10.1109/SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA48453.2020.9041020}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EltesterFerreinSchiffer2020, author = {Eltester, Niklas Sebastian and Ferrein, Alexander and Schiffer, Stefan}, title = {A smart factory setup based on the RoboCup logistics league}, series = {2020 IEEE Conference on Industrial Cyberphysical Systems (ICPS)}, booktitle = {2020 IEEE Conference on Industrial Cyberphysical Systems (ICPS)}, publisher = {IEEE}, doi = {10.1109/ICPS48405.2020.9274766}, pages = {297 -- 302}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In this paper we present SMART-FACTORY, a setup for a research and teaching facility in industrial robotics that is based on the RoboCup Logistics League. It is driven by the need for developing and applying solutions for digital production. Digitization receives constantly increasing attention in many areas, especially in industry. The common theme is to make things smart by using intelligent computer technology. Especially in the last decade there have been many attempts to improve existing processes in factories, for example, in production logistics, also with deploying cyber-physical systems. An initiative that explores challenges and opportunities for robots in such a setting is the RoboCup Logistics League. Since its foundation in 2012 it is an international effort for research and education in an intra-warehouse logistics scenario. During seven years of competition a lot of knowledge and experience regarding autonomous robots was gained. This knowledge and experience shall provide the basis for further research in challenges of future production. The focus of our SMART-FACTORY is to create a stimulating environment for research on logistics robotics, for teaching activities in computer science and electrical engineering programmes as well as for industrial users to study and explore the feasibility of future technologies. Building on a very successful history in the RoboCup Logistics League we aim to provide stakeholders with a dedicated facility oriented at their individual needs.}, language = {en} } @article{KetelhutBrueggeGoelletal.2020, author = {Ketelhut, Maike and Br{\"u}gge, G. M. and G{\"o}ll, Fabian and Braunstein, Bjoern and Albracht, Kirsten and Abel, Dirk}, title = {Adaptive iterative learning control of an industrial robot during neuromuscular training}, series = {IFAC PapersOnLine}, volume = {53}, journal = {IFAC PapersOnLine}, number = {2}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2405-8963}, doi = {10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.741}, pages = {16468 -- 16475}, year = {2020}, abstract = {To prevent the reduction of muscle mass and loss of strength coming along with the human aging process, regular training with e.g. a leg press is suitable. However, the risk of training-induced injuries requires the continuous monitoring and controlling of the forces applied to the musculoskeletal system as well as the velocity along the motion trajectory and the range of motion. In this paper, an adaptive norm-optimal iterative learning control algorithm to minimize the knee joint loadings during the leg extension training with an industrial robot is proposed. The response of the algorithm is tested in simulation for patients with varus, normal and valgus alignment of the knee and compared to the results of a higher-order iterative learning control algorithm, a robust iterative learning control and a recently proposed conventional norm-optimal iterative learning control algorithm. Although significant improvements in performance are made compared to the conventional norm-optimal iterative learning control algorithm with a small learning factor, for the developed approach as well as the robust iterative learning control algorithm small steady state errors occur.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{EggertStanke2020, author = {Eggert, Mathias and Stanke, Max-Alexander}, title = {Adoption of Integrated Voice Assistants in Health Care- Requirements and Design Guidelines}, series = {15th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik, March 08-11, 2020 Potsdam, Germany}, booktitle = {15th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik, March 08-11, 2020 Potsdam, Germany}, doi = {10.30844/wi_2020_k2-eggert}, pages = {1 -- 16}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{BungErpicumTullis2020, author = {Bung, Daniel Bernhard and Erpicum, S{\´e}bastien and Tullis, Blanke P.}, title = {Advances in hydraulic structures engineering}, series = {Journal of Hydraulic Engineering}, volume = {147}, journal = {Journal of Hydraulic Engineering}, number = {1}, publisher = {ASCE}, address = {Reston, Va.}, issn = {0733-9429 (Druckausgabe)}, doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001851}, pages = {1 Seite}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{GeibenGoettenHavermann2020, author = {Geiben, Benedikt and G{\"o}tten, Falk and Havermann, Marc}, title = {Aerodynamic analysis of a winged sub-orbital spaceplane}, series = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress - DLRK 2020}, booktitle = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress - DLRK 2020}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{MoratFaudeHanssenetal.2020, author = {Morat, Mareike and Faude, Oliver and Hanssen, Henner and Ludyga, Sebastian and Zacher, Jonas and Eibl, Angi and Albracht, Kirsten and Donath, Lars}, title = {Agility Training to Integratively Promote Neuromuscular, Cognitive, Cardiovascular and Psychosocial Function in Healthy Older Adults: A Study Protocol of a One-Year Randomized-Controlled Trial}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, volume = {17}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1660-4601}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph17061853}, pages = {1 -- 14}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Exercise training effectively mitigates aging-induced health and fitness impairments. Traditional training recommendations for the elderly focus separately on relevant physiological fitness domains, such as balance, flexibility, strength and endurance. Thus, a more holistic and functional training framework is needed. The proposed agility training concept integratively tackles spatial orientation, stop and go, balance and strength. The presented protocol aims at introducing a two-armed, one-year randomized controlled trial, evaluating the effects of this concept on neuromuscular, cardiovascular, cognitive and psychosocial health outcomes in healthy older adults. Eighty-five participants were enrolled in this ongoing trial. Seventy-nine participants completed baseline testing and were block-randomized to the agility training group or the inactive control group. All participants undergo pre- and post-testing with interim assessment after six months. The intervention group currently receives supervised, group-based agility training twice a week over one year, with progressively demanding perceptual, cognitive and physical exercises. Knee extension strength, reactive balance, dual task gait speed and the Agility Challenge for the Elderly (ACE) serve as primary endpoints and neuromuscular, cognitive, cardiovascular, and psychosocial meassures serve as surrogate secondary outcomes. Our protocol promotes a comprehensive exercise training concept for older adults, that might facilitate stakeholders in health and exercise to stimulate relevant health outcomes without relying on excessively time-consuming physical activity recommendations.}, language = {en} } @article{GoettenHavermannBraunetal.2020, author = {G{\"o}tten, Falk and Havermann, Marc and Braun, Carsten and Marino, Matthew and Bil, Cees}, title = {Airfoil drag at low-to-medium reynolds numbers: A novel estimation method}, series = {AIAA Journal}, volume = {58}, journal = {AIAA Journal}, number = {7}, publisher = {AIAA}, address = {Reston, Va.}, issn = {1533-385X}, doi = {10.2514/1.J058983}, pages = {2791 -- 2805}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This paper presents a novel method for airfoil drag estimation at Reynolds numbers between 4×10⁵ and 4×10⁶. The novel method is based on a systematic study of 40 airfoils applying over 600 numerical simulations and considering natural transition. The influence of the airfoil thickness-to-chord ratio, camber, and freestream Reynolds number on both friction and pressure drag is analyzed in detail. Natural transition significantly affects drag characteristics and leads to distinct drag minima for different Reynolds numbers and thickness-to-chord ratios. The results of the systematic study are used to develop empirical correlations that can accurately predict an airfoil drag at low-lift conditions. The new approach estimates a transition location based on airfoil thickness-to-chord ratio, camber, and Reynolds number. It uses the transition location in a mixed laminar-turbulent skin-friction calculation, and corrects the skin-friction coefficient for separation effects. Pressure drag is estimated separately based on correlations of thickness-to-chord ratio, camber, and Reynolds number. The novel method shows excellent accuracy when compared with wind-tunnel measurements of multiple airfoils. It is easily integrable into existing aircraft design environments and is highly beneficial in the conceptual design stage.}, language = {en} } @article{AbelKahmannMellonetal.2020, author = {Abel, Alexander and Kahmann, Stephanie Lucina and Mellon, Stephen and Staat, Manfred and Jung, Alexander}, title = {An open-source tool for the validation of finite element models using three-dimensional full-field measurements}, series = {Medical Engineering \& Physics}, volume = {77}, journal = {Medical Engineering \& Physics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1350-4533}, doi = {10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.10.015}, pages = {125 -- 129}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Three-dimensional (3D) full-field measurements provide a comprehensive and accurate validation of finite element (FE) models. For the validation, the result of the model and measurements are compared based on two respective point-sets and this requires the point-sets to be registered in one coordinate system. Point-set registration is a non-convex optimization problem that has widely been solved by the ordinary iterative closest point algorithm. However, this approach necessitates a good initialization without which it easily returns a local optimum, i.e. an erroneous registration. The globally optimal iterative closest point (Go-ICP) algorithm has overcome this drawback and forms the basis for the presented open-source tool that can be used for the validation of FE models using 3D full-field measurements. The capability of the tool is demonstrated using an application example from the field of biomechanics. Methodological problems that arise in real-world data and the respective implemented solution approaches are discussed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{DinghoferHartung2020, author = {Dinghofer, Kai and Hartung, Frank}, title = {Analysis of Criteria for the Selection of Machine Learning Frameworks}, series = {2020 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)}, booktitle = {2020 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)}, doi = {10.1109/ICNC47757.2020.9049650}, pages = {373 -- 377}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ChavezBermudezWollert2020, author = {Chavez Bermudez, Victor Francisco and Wollert, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Arduino based Framework for Rapid Application Development of a Generic IO-Link interface}, series = {Kommunikation und Bildverarbeitung in der Automation}, booktitle = {Kommunikation und Bildverarbeitung in der Automation}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-662-59895-5}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-662-59895-5_2}, pages = {21 -- 33}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The implementation of IO-Link in the automation industry has increased over the years. Its main advantage is it offers a digital point-to-point plugand-play interface for any type of device or application. This simplifies the communication between devices and increases productivity with its different features like self-parametrization and maintenance. However, its complete potential is not always used. The aim of this paper is to create an Arduino based framework for the development of generic IO-Link devices and increase its implementation for rapid prototyping. By generating the IO device description file (IODD) from a graphical user interface, and further customizable options for the device application, the end-user can intuitively develop generic IO-Link devices. The peculiarity of this framework relies on its simplicity and abstraction which allows to implement any sensor functionality and virtually connect any type of device to an IO-Link master. This work consists of the general overview of the framework, the technical background of its development and a proof of concept which demonstrates the workflow for its implementation.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LorenzAltherrPelz2020, author = {Lorenz, Imke-Sophie and Altherr, Lena and Pelz, Peter F.}, title = {Assessing and Optimizing the Resilience of Water Distribution Systems Using Graph-Theoretical Metrics}, series = {Operations Research Proceedings 2019}, booktitle = {Operations Research Proceedings 2019}, editor = {Neufeld, Janis S. and Buscher, Udo and Lasch, Rainer and M{\"o}st, Dominik and Sch{\"o}nberger, J{\"o}rn}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-48439-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-48439-2_63}, pages = {521 -- 527}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Water distribution systems are an essential supply infrastructure for cities. Given that climatic and demographic influences will pose further challenges for these infrastructures in the future, the resilience of water supply systems, i.e. their ability to withstand and recover from disruptions, has recently become a subject of research. To assess the resilience of a WDS, different graph-theoretical approaches exist. Next to general metrics characterizing the network topology, also hydraulic and technical restrictions have to be taken into account. In this work, the resilience of an exemplary water distribution network of a major German city is assessed, and a Mixed-Integer Program is presented which allows to assess the impact of capacity adaptations on its resilience.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SildatkeKarwanniKraftetal.2020, author = {Sildatke, Michael and Karwanni, Hendrik and Kraft, Bodo and Schmidts, Oliver and Z{\"u}ndorf, Albert}, title = {Automated Software Quality Monitoring in Research Collaboration Projects}, series = {ICSEW'20: Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering Workshops}, booktitle = {ICSEW'20: Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering Workshops}, doi = {10.1145/3387940.3391478}, pages = {603 -- 610}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @incollection{EngemannDuKallweitetal.2020, author = {Engemann, Heiko and Du, Shengzhi and Kallweit, Stephan and Ning, Chuanfang and Anwar, Saqib}, title = {AutoSynPose: Automatic Generation of Synthetic Datasets for 6D Object Pose Estimation}, series = {Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of MLIS 2020}, booktitle = {Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. Proceedings of MLIS 2020}, publisher = {IOS Press}, address = {Amsterdam}, isbn = {978-1-64368-137-5}, doi = {10.3233/FAIA200770}, pages = {89 -- 97}, year = {2020}, abstract = {We present an automated pipeline for the generation of synthetic datasets for six-dimension (6D) object pose estimation. Therefore, a completely automated generation process based on predefined settings is developed, which enables the user to create large datasets with a minimum of interaction and which is feasible for applications with a high object variance. The pipeline is based on the Unreal 4 (UE4) game engine and provides a high variation for domain randomization, such as object appearance, ambient lighting, camera-object transformation and distractor density. In addition to the object pose and bounding box, the metadata includes all randomization parameters, which enables further studies on randomization parameter tuning. The developed workflow is adaptable to other 3D objects and UE4 environments. An exemplary dataset is provided including five objects of the Yale-CMU-Berkeley (YCB) object set. The datasets consist of 6 million subsegments using 97 rendering locations in 12 different UE4 environments. Each dataset subsegment includes one RGB image, one depth image and one class segmentation image at pixel-level.}, language = {en} } @article{PogorelovaRogachevDigeletal.2020, author = {Pogorelova, Natalia and Rogachev, Evgeniy and Digel, Ilya and Chernigova, Svetlana and Nardin, Dmitry}, title = {Bacterial Cellulose Nanocomposites: Morphology and Mechanical Properties}, series = {Materials}, volume = {13}, journal = {Materials}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, isbn = {1996-1944}, doi = {10.3390/ma13122849}, pages = {1 -- 16}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising material for biomedical applications due to its unique properties such as high mechanical strength and biocompatibility. This article describes the microbiological synthesis, modification, and characterization of the obtained BC-nanocomposites originating from symbiotic consortium Medusomyces gisevii. Two BC-modifications have been obtained: BC-Ag and BC-calcium phosphate (BC-Ca3(PO4)2). Structure and physicochemical properties of the BC and its modifications were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and infrared Fourier spectroscopy as well as by measurements of mechanical and water holding/absorbing capacities. Topographic analysis of the surface revealed multicomponent thick fibrils (150-160 nm in diameter and about 15 µm in length) constituted by 50-60 nm nanofibrils weaved into a left-hand helix. Distinctive features of Ca-phosphate-modified BC samples were (a) the presence of 500-700 nm entanglements and (b) inclusions of Ca3(PO4)2 crystals. The samples impregnated with Ag nanoparticles exhibited numerous roundish inclusions, about 110 nm in diameter. The boundaries between the organic and inorganic phases were very distinct in both cases. The Ag-modified samples also showed a prominent waving pattern in the packing of nanofibrils. The obtained BC gel films possessed water-holding capacity of about 62.35 g/g. However, the dried (to a constant mass) BC-films later exhibited a low water absorption capacity (3.82 g/g). It was found that decellularized BC samples had 2.4 times larger Young's modulus and 2.2 times greater tensile strength as compared to dehydrated native BC films. We presume that this was caused by molecular compaction of the BC structure.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FrantzBinderBuschetal.2020, author = {Frantz, Cathy and Binder, Matthias and Busch, Konrad and Ebert, Miriam and Heinrich, Andreas and Kaczmarkiewicz, Nadine and Schl{\"o}gl-Knothe, B{\"a}rbel and Kunze, Tobias and Schuhbauer, Christian and Stetka, Markus and Schwager, Christian and Spiegel, Michael and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Bauer, Thomas and Bonk, Alexander and Eisen, Stefan and Funck, Bernhard}, title = {Basic Engineering of a High Performance Molten Salt Tower Receiver System}, series = {Solar Paces 2020}, booktitle = {Solar Paces 2020}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @incollection{MansurovJandosovChenchiketal.2020, author = {Mansurov, Zulkhair A. and Jandosov, Jakpar and Chenchik, D. and Azat, Seitkhan and Savitskaya, Irina S. and Kistaubaeva, Aida and Akimbekov, Nuraly and Digel, Ilya and Zhubanova, Azhar Achmet}, title = {Biocomposite Materials Based on Carbonized Rice Husk in Biomedicine and Environmental Applications}, series = {Carbon Nanomaterials in Biomedicine and the Environment}, booktitle = {Carbon Nanomaterials in Biomedicine and the Environment}, publisher = {Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.}, address = {Singapore}, isbn = {978-981-4800-27-3}, doi = {10.1201/9780429428647-2}, pages = {3 -- 32}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This chapter describes the prospects for biomedical and environmental engineering applications of heterogeneous materials based on nanostructured carbonized rice husk. Efforts in engineering enzymology are focused on the following directions: development and optimization of immobilization methods leading to novel biotechnological and biomedical applications; construction of biocomposite materials based on individual enzymes, multi-enzyme complexes and whole cells, targeted on realization of specific industrial processes. Molecular biological and biochemical studies on cell adhesion focus predominantly on identification, isolation and structural analysis of attachment-responsible biological molecules and their genetic determinants. The chapter provides a short overview of applications of the biocomposite materials based of nanostructured carbonized adsorbents. It emphasizes that further studies and better understanding of the interactions between CNS and microbial cells are necessary. The future use of living cells as biocatalysts, especially in the environmental field, needs more systematic investigations of the microbial adsorption phenomenon.}, language = {en} } @article{HorbachStaatPerezVianaetal.2020, author = {Horbach, Andreas and Staat, Manfred and Perez-Viana, Daniel and Simmen, Hans-Peter and Neuhaus, Valentin and Pape, Hans-Christoph and Prescher, Andreas and Ciritsis, Bernhard}, title = {Biomechanical in vitro examination of a standardized low-volume tubular femoroplasty}, series = {Clinical Biomechanics}, volume = {80}, journal = {Clinical Biomechanics}, number = {Art. 105104}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105104}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Background Osteoporosis is associated with the risk of fractures near the hip. Age and comorbidities increase the perioperative risk. Due to the ageing population, fracture of the proximal femur also proves to be a socio-economic problem. Preventive surgical measures have hardly been used so far. Methods 10 pairs of human femora from fresh cadavers were divided into control and low-volume femoroplasty groups and subjected to a Hayes fall-loading fracture test. The results of the respective localization and classification of the fracture site, the Singh index determined by computed tomography (CT) examination and the parameters in terms of fracture force, work to fracture and stiffness were evaluated statistically and with the finite element method. In addition, a finite element parametric study with different position angles and variants of the tubular geometry of the femoroplasty was performed. Findings Compared to the control group, the work to fracture could be increased by 33.2\%. The fracture force increased by 19.9\%. The used technique and instrumentation proved to be standardized and reproducible with an average poly(methyl methacrylate) volume of 10.5 ml. The parametric study showed the best results for the selected angle and geometry. Interpretation The cadaver studies demonstrated the biomechanical efficacy of the low-volume tubular femoroplasty. The numerical calculations confirmed the optimal choice of positioning as well as the inner and outer diameter of the tube in this setting. The standardized minimally invasive technique with the instruments developed for it could be used in further comparative studies to confirm the measured biomechanical results.}, language = {en} } @article{QuittmannAbelAlbrachtetal.2020, author = {Quittmann, Oliver J. and Abel, Thomas and Albracht, Kirsten and Meskemper, Joshua and Foitschik, Tina and Str{\"u}der, Heiko K.}, title = {Biomechanics of handcycling propulsion in a 30-min continuous load test at lactate threshold: Kinetics, kinematics, and muscular activity in able-bodied participants}, series = {European Journal of Applied Physiology}, journal = {European Journal of Applied Physiology}, number = {120}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {1439-6327}, doi = {10.1007/s00421-020-04373-x}, pages = {1403 -- 1415}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Purpose This study aims to investigate the biomechanics of handcycling during a continuous load trial (CLT) to assess the mechanisms underlying fatigue in upper body exercise. Methods Twelve able-bodied triathletes performed a 30-min CLT at a power output corresponding to lactate threshold in a racing recumbent handcycle mounted on a stationary ergometer. During the CLT, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), tangential crank kinetics, 3D joint kinematics, and muscular activity of ten muscles of the upper extremity and trunk were examined using motion capturing and surface electromyography. Results During the CLT, spontaneously chosen cadence and RPE increased, whereas crank torque decreased. Rotational work was higher during the pull phase. Peripheral RPE was higher compared to central RPE. Joint range of motion decreased for elbow-flexion and radial-duction. Integrated EMG (iEMG) increased in the forearm flexors, forearm extensors, and M. deltoideus (Pars spinalis). An earlier onset of activation was found for M. deltoideus (Pars clavicularis), M. pectoralis major, M. rectus abdominis, M. biceps brachii, and the forearm flexors. Conclusion Fatigue-related alterations seem to apply analogously in handcycling and cycling. The most distal muscles are responsible for force transmission on the cranks and might thus suffer most from neuromuscular fatigue. The findings indicate that peripheral fatigue (at similar lactate values) is higher in handcycling compared to leg cycling, at least for inexperienced participants. An increase in cadence might delay peripheral fatigue by a reduced vascular occlusion. We assume that the gap between peripheral and central fatigue can be reduced by sport-specific endurance training.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TomicPennaDeJongetal.2020, author = {Tomic, Igor and Penna, Andrea and DeJong, Matthew and Butenweg, Christoph and Senaldi, Ilaria and Guerrini, Gabriele and Malomo, Daniele and Beyer, Katrin}, title = {Blind predictions of shake table testing of aggregate masonry buildings}, series = {17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Sendai, Japan, September 27 to October 2, 2021.}, booktitle = {17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Sendai, Japan, September 27 to October 2, 2021.}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In many historical centers in Europe, stone masonry is part of building aggregates, which developed when the layout of the city or village was densified. The analysis of such building aggregates is very challenging and modelling guidelines missing. Advances in the development of analysis methods have been impeded by the lack of experimental data on the seismic response of such aggregates. The SERA project AIMS (Seismic Testing of Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures) provides such experimental data by testing an aggregate of two buildings under two horizontal components of dynamic excitation. With the aim to advance the modelling of unreinforced masonry aggregates, a blind prediction competition is organized before the experimental campaign. Each group has been provided a complete set of construction drawings, material properties, testing sequence and the list of measurements to be reported. The applied modelling approaches span from equivalent frame models to Finite Element models using shell elements and discrete element models with solid elements. This paper compares the first entries, regarding the modelling approaches, results in terms of base shear, roof displacements, interface openings, and the failure modes.}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianSchoening2020, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Capacitive field-effect eis chemical sensors and biosensors: A status report}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {20}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {19}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {10.3390/s20195639}, pages = {Artikel 5639}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensors belong to a new generation of electronic chips for biochemical sensing, enabling a direct electronic readout. The review gives an overview on recent advances and current trends in the research and development of chemical sensors and biosensors based on the capacitive field-effect EIS structure—the simplest field-effect device, which represents a biochemically sensitive capacitor. Fundamental concepts, physicochemical phenomena underlying the transduction mechanism and application of capacitive EIS sensors for the detection of pH, ion concentrations, and enzymatic reactions, as well as the label-free detection of charged molecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and polyelectrolytes) and nanoparticles, are presented and discussed.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{SchmidtsKraftWinkensetal.2020, author = {Schmidts, Oliver and Kraft, Bodo and Winkens, Marvin and Z{\"u}ndorf, Albert}, title = {Catalog integration of low-quality product data by attribute label ranking}, series = {Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications - Volume 1: DATA}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications - Volume 1: DATA}, isbn = {978-989-758-440-4}, doi = {10.5220/0009831000900101}, pages = {90 -- 101}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{HoffstadtPohenDickeetal.2020, author = {Hoffstadt, Kevin and Pohen, Gino D. and Dicke, Max D. and Paulsen, Svea and Krafft, Simone and Zang, Joachim W. and Fonseca-Zang, Warde A. da and Leite, Athaydes and Kuperjans, Isabel}, title = {Challenges and prospects of biogas from energy cane as supplement to bioethanol production}, series = {Agronomy}, volume = {10}, journal = {Agronomy}, number = {6}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4395}, doi = {10.3390/agronomy10060821}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Innovative breeds of sugar cane yield up to 2.5 times as much organic matter as conventional breeds, resulting in a great potential for biogas production. The use of biogas production as a complementary solution to conventional and second-generation ethanol production in Brazil may increase the energy produced per hectare in the sugarcane sector. Herein, it was demonstrated that through ensiling, energy cane can be conserved for six months; the stored cane can then be fed into a continuous biogas process. This approach is necessary to achieve year-round biogas production at an industrial scale. Batch tests revealed specific biogas potentials between 400 and 600 LN/kgVS for both the ensiled and non-ensiled energy cane, and the specific biogas potential of a continuous biogas process fed with ensiled energy cane was in the same range. Peak biogas losses through ensiling of up to 27\% after six months were observed. Finally, compared with second-generation ethanol production using energy cane, the results indicated that biogas production from energy cane may lead to higher energy yields per hectare, with an average energy yield of up to 162 MWh/ha. Finally, the Farm²CBG concept is introduced, showing an approach for decentralized biogas production.}, language = {en} } @article{VoegeleGrajewskiGovorukhaetal.2020, author = {V{\"o}gele, Stefan and Grajewski, Matthias and Govorukha, Kristina and R{\"u}bbelke, Dirk}, title = {Challenges for the European steel industry: Analysis, possible consequences and impacts on sustainable development}, series = {Applied Energy}, volume = {264}, journal = {Applied Energy}, number = {Article number: 114633}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0306-2619}, doi = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114633}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The steel industry in the European Union (EU), important for the economy as a whole, faces various challenges. These are inter alia volatile prices for relevant input factors, uncertainties concerning the regulation of CO₂-emissions and market shocks caused by the recently introduced additional import duties in the US, which is an important sales market. We examine primary and secondary effects of these challenges on the steel industry in the EU and their impacts on European and global level. Developing and using a suitable meta-model, we analyze the competitiveness of key steel producing countries with respect to floor prices depending on selected cost factors and draw conclusions on the impacts in the trade of steel on emissions, energy demand, on the involvement of developing countries in the value chain as well on the need for innovations to avoid relocations of production. Hence, our study contributes to the assessment of sustainable industrial development, which is aimed by the Sustainability Development Goal "Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation countries". By applying information on country-specific Human Development Indexes (reflecting aspects of life expectancy, education, and per capita income), we show that relocating energy-intensive industries from the EU may not only increase global energy demand and CO₂-emissions, but may also be to the disadvantage of developing countries.}, language = {en} } @article{WardoyoNoorElbersetal.2020, author = {Wardoyo, Arinto Y.P. and Noor, Johan A.E. and Elbers, Gereon and Schmitz, Sandra and Flaig, Sascha T. and Budianto, Arif}, title = {Characterizing volcanic ash elements from the 2015 eruptions of bromo and raung volcanoes, Indonesia}, series = {Polish Journal of Environmental Studies}, volume = {29}, journal = {Polish Journal of Environmental Studies}, number = {2}, publisher = {HARD}, address = {Olsztyn}, issn = {2083-5906}, doi = {10.15244/pjoes/99101}, pages = {1899 -- 1907}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The volcanic eruptions of Mt. Bromo and Mt. Raung in East Java, Indonesia, in 2015 perturbed volcanic materials and affected surface-layer air quality at surrounding locations. During the episodes, the volcanic ash from the eruptions influenced visibility, traffic accidents, flight schedules, and human health. In this research, the volcanic ash particles were collected and characterized by relying on the detail of physical observation. We performed an assessment of the volcanic ash elements to characterize the volcanic ash using two different methods which are aqua regia extracts followed by MP-AES and XRF laboratory test of bulk samples. The analysis results showed that the volcanic ash was mixed of many materials, such as Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, and others. Fe, Si, Ca, and Al were found as the major elements, while the others were the trace elements Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn, P, Mn, Ni, Zn, Sb, Sr, and V with the minor concentrations. XRF analyses showed that Fe dominated the elements of the volcanic ash. The XRF analysis showed that Fe was at 35.40\% in Bromo and 43.00\% in Raung of the detected elements in bulk material. The results of aqua regia extracts analyzed by MP-AES were 1.80\% and 1.70\% of Fe element for Bromo and Raung volcanoes, respectively.}, language = {en} } @article{WollbrinkMasloZimmeretal.2020, author = {Wollbrink, Moritz and Maslo, Semir and Zimmer, Daniel and Abbas, Karim and Arntz, Kristian and Bergs, Thomas}, title = {Clamping and substrate plate system for continuous additive build-up and post-processing of metal parts}, series = {Procedia CIRP}, volume = {93}, journal = {Procedia CIRP}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2212-8271}, doi = {10.1016/j.procir.2020.04.015}, pages = {108 -- 113}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The manufacturing share of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) increases in industrial application, but still many process steps are manually operated. Additionally, it is not possible to achieve tight dimensional tolerances or low surfaces roughness. Hence, a process chain has to be set up to combine additive manufacturing (AM) with further machining technologies. To achieve a continuous workpiece flow as basis for further industrialization of L-PBF, the paper presents a novel substrate system and its application on L-PBF machines and post-processing. The substrate system consists of a zero-point clamping system and a matrix-like interface of contact pins to be substantially connected to the workpiece within the L-PBF process.}, language = {en} } @article{KnoxBruggemannGossmannetal.2020, author = {Knox, Ronald and Bruggemann, Andrea and Gossmann, Matthias and Thomas, Ulrich and Horv{\´a}th, Andr{\´a}s and Dragicevic, Elena and Stoelzle-Feix, Sonja and Fertig, Niels and Jung, Alexander and Raman, Aravind Hariharan and Staat, Manfred and Linder, Peter}, title = {Combining physiological relevance and throughput for in vitro cardiac contractility measurement}, series = {Biophysical Journal}, volume = {118}, journal = {Biophysical Journal}, number = {Issue 3, Supplement 1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0006-3495}, doi = {10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.3104}, pages = {570a}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Despite increasing acceptance of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) in safety pharmacology, controversy remains about the physiological relevance of existing in vitro models for their mechanical testing. We hypothesize that existing signs of immaturity of the cell models result from an improper mechanical environment. We cultured hiPSC-CMs in a 96-well format on hyperelastic silicone membranes imitating their native mechanical environment, resulting in physiological responses to compound stimuli.We validated cell responses on the FLEXcyte 96, with a set of reference compounds covering a broad range of cellular targets, including ion channel modulators, adrenergic receptor modulators and kinase inhibitors. Acute (10 - 30 min) and chronic (up to 7 days) effects were investigated. Furthermore, the measurements were complemented with electromechanical models based on electrophysiological recordings of the used cell types.hiPSC-CMs were cultured on freely-swinging, ultra-thin and hyperelastic silicone membranes. The weight of the cell culture medium deflects the membranes downwards. Rhythmic contraction of the hiPSC-CMs resulted in dynamic deflection changes which were quantified by capacitive distance sensing. The cells were cultured for 7 days prior to compound addition. Acute measurements were conducted 10-30 minutes after compound addition in standard culture medium. For chronic treatment, compound-containing medium was replaced daily for up to 7 days. Electrophysiological properties of the employed cell types were recorded by automated patch-clamp (Patchliner) and the results were integrated into the electromechanical model of the system.Calcium channel agonist S Bay K8644 and beta-adrenergic stimulator isoproterenol induced significant positive inotropic responses without additional external stimulation. Kinase inhibitors displayed cardiotoxic effects on a functional level at low concentrations. The system-integrated analysis detected alterations in beating shape as well as frequency and arrhythmic events and we provide a quantitative measure of these.}, language = {en} } @article{FingerBraunBil2020, author = {Finger, Felix and Braun, Carsten and Bil, Cees}, title = {Comparative assessment of parallel-hybrid-electric propulsion systems for four different aircraft}, series = {Journal of Aircraft}, volume = {57}, journal = {Journal of Aircraft}, number = {5}, publisher = {AIAA}, address = {Reston, Va.}, issn = {1533-3868}, doi = {10.2514/1.C035897}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Until electric energy storage systems are ready to allow fully electric aircraft, the combination of combustion engine and electric motor as a hybrid-electric propulsion system seems to be a promising intermediate solution. Consequently, the design space for future aircraft is expanded considerably, as serial hybrid-electric, parallel hybrid-electric, fully electric, and conventional propulsion systems must all be considered. While the best propulsion system depends on a multitude of requirements and considerations, trends can be observed for certain types of aircraft and certain types of missions. This Paper provides insight into some factors that drive a new design toward either conventional or hybrid propulsion systems. General aviation aircraft, regional transport aircraft vertical takeoff and landing air taxis, and unmanned aerial vehicles are chosen as case studies. Typical missions for each class are considered, and the aircraft are analyzed regarding their takeoff mass and primary energy consumption. For these case studies, a high-level approach is chosen, using an initial sizing methodology. Only parallel-hybrid-electric powertrains are taken into account. Aeropropulsive interaction effects are neglected. Results indicate that hybrid-electric propulsion systems should be considered if the propulsion system is sized by short-duration power constraints. However, if the propulsion system is sized by a continuous power requirement, hybrid-electric systems offer hardly any benefit.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{FingerBraunBil2020, author = {Finger, Felix and Braun, Carsten and Bil, Cees}, title = {Comparative assessment of parallel-hybrid-electric propulsion systems for four different aircraft}, series = {AIAA SciTech Forum 2020, 06.01.2020 - 10.01.2020, Orlando}, booktitle = {AIAA SciTech Forum 2020, 06.01.2020 - 10.01.2020, Orlando}, doi = {10.2514/6.2020-1502}, pages = {15 Seiten}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LeiseSimonAltherr2020, author = {Leise, Philipp and Simon, Nicolai and Altherr, Lena}, title = {Comparison of Piecewise Linearization Techniques to Model Electric Motor Efficiency Maps: A Computational Study}, series = {Operations Research Proceedings 2019}, booktitle = {Operations Research Proceedings 2019}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-48439-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-48439-2_55}, pages = {457 -- 463}, year = {2020}, abstract = {To maximize the travel distances of battery electric vehicles such as cars or buses for a given amount of stored energy, their powertrains are optimized energetically. One key part within optimization models for electric powertrains is the efficiency map of the electric motor. The underlying function is usually highly nonlinear and nonconvex and leads to major challenges within a global optimization process. To enable faster solution times, one possibility is the usage of piecewise linearization techniques to approximate the nonlinear efficiency map with linear constraints. Therefore, we evaluate the influence of different piecewise linearization modeling techniques on the overall solution process and compare the solution time and accuracy for methods with and without explicitly used binary variables.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PaulsenHoffstadtKrafftetal.2020, author = {Paulsen, Svea and Hoffstadt, Kevin and Krafft, Simone and Leite, A. and Zang, J. and Fonseca-Zang, W. and Kuperjans, Isabel}, title = {Continuous biogas production from sugarcane as sole substrate}, series = {Energy Reports}, volume = {6}, booktitle = {Energy Reports}, number = {Supplement 1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.egyr.2019.08.035}, pages = {153 -- 158}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{MalanHamerKaeneletal.2020, author = {Malan, Leone and Hamer, Mark and K{\"a}nel, Roland von and Kotliar, Konstantin and Wyk, Roelof D. van and Lambert, Gavin W. and Vilser, Walthard and Ziemssen, Tjalf and Schlaich, Markus P. and Smith, Wayne and Magnusson, Martin and Wentzel, Annemarie and Myburgh, Carlien E. and Steyn, Hendrik S. and Malan, Nico T.}, title = {Delayed retinal vein recovery responses indicate both non-adaptation to stress as well as increased risk for stroke: the SABPA study}, series = {Cardiovascular Journal of Africa}, volume = {26}, journal = {Cardiovascular Journal of Africa}, number = {31}, publisher = {Clinics Cardive Publishing}, address = {Durbanville}, issn = {1680-0745}, doi = {10.5830/CVJA-2020-031}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{DigelKernGeenenetal.2020, author = {Digel, Ilya and Kern, Inna and Geenen, Eva-Maria and Akimbekov, Nuraly}, title = {Dental plaque removal by ultrasonic toothbrushes}, series = {dentistry journal}, volume = {8}, journal = {dentistry journal}, number = {28}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2304-6767}, doi = {10.3390/dj8010028}, pages = {1 -- 13}, year = {2020}, abstract = {With the variety of toothbrushes on the market, the question arises, which toothbrush is best suited to maintain oral health? This thematic review focuses first on plaque formation mechanisms and then on the plaque removal effectiveness of ultrasonic toothbrushes and their potential in preventing oral diseases like periodontitis, gingivitis, and caries. We overviewed the physical effects that occurred during brushing and tried to address the question of whether ultrasonic toothbrushes effectively reduced the microbial burden by increasing the hydrodynamic forces. The results of published studies show that electric toothbrushes, which combine ultrasonic and sonic (or acoustic and mechanic) actions, may have the most promising effect on good oral health. Existing ultrasonic/sonic toothbrush models do not significantly differ regarding the removal of dental biofilm and the reduction of gingival inflammation compared with other electrically powered toothbrushes, whereas the manual toothbrushes show a lower effectiveness.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{ElgamalHeuermann2020, author = {Elgamal, Abdelrahman and Heuermann, Holger}, title = {Design and Development of a Hot S-Parameter Measurement System for Plasma and Magnetron Applications}, series = {2020 German Microwave Conference (GeMiC), Cottbus, Germany, 2020}, booktitle = {2020 German Microwave Conference (GeMiC), Cottbus, Germany, 2020}, isbn = {978-3-9820397-1-8}, pages = {124 -- 127}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{FrankoDuKallweitetal.2020, author = {Franko, Josef and Du, Shengzhi and Kallweit, Stephan and Duelberg, Enno Sebastian and Engemann, Heiko}, title = {Design of a Multi-Robot System for Wind Turbine Maintenance}, series = {Energies}, volume = {13}, journal = {Energies}, number = {10}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {10.3390/en13102552}, pages = {Article 2552}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The maintenance of wind turbines is of growing importance considering the transition to renewable energy. This paper presents a multi-robot-approach for automated wind turbine maintenance including a novel climbing robot. Currently, wind turbine maintenance remains a manual task, which is monotonous, dangerous, and also physically demanding due to the large scale of wind turbines. Technical climbers are required to work at significant heights, even in bad weather conditions. Furthermore, a skilled labor force with sufficient knowledge in repairing fiber composite material is rare. Autonomous mobile systems enable the digitization of the maintenance process. They can be designed for weather-independent operations. This work contributes to the development and experimental validation of a maintenance system consisting of multiple robotic platforms for a variety of tasks, such as wind turbine tower and rotor blade service. In this work, multicopters with vision and LiDAR sensors for global inspection are used to guide slower climbing robots. Light-weight magnetic climbers with surface contact were used to analyze structure parts with non-destructive inspection methods and to locally repair smaller defects. Localization was enabled by adapting odometry for conical-shaped surfaces considering additional navigation sensors. Magnets were suitable for steel towers to clamp onto the surface. A friction-based climbing ring robot (SMART— Scanning, Monitoring, Analyzing, Repair and Transportation) completed the set-up for higher payload. The maintenance period could be extended by using weather-proofed maintenance robots. The multi-robot-system was running the Robot Operating System (ROS). Additionally, first steps towards machine learning would enable maintenance staff to use pattern classification for fault diagnosis in order to operate safely from the ground in the future.}, language = {en} } @article{ChoiFelderFelderetal.2020, author = {Choi, Chang-Hoon and Felder, Tim and Felder, J{\"o}rg and Tellmann, Lutz and Hong, Suk-Min and Wegener, Hans-Peter and Shah, N Jon and Ziemons, Karl}, title = {Design, evaluation and comparison of endorectal coils for hybrid MR-PET imaging of the prostate}, series = {Physics in Medicine \& Biology}, volume = {65}, journal = {Physics in Medicine \& Biology}, number = {11}, publisher = {IOP}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {0031-9155}, doi = {10.1088/1361-6560/ab87f8}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men and its early detection is critical for its successful treatment. The use of multimodal imaging, such as MR-PET, is most advantageous as it is able to provide detailed information about the prostate. However, as the human prostate is flexible and can move into different positions under external conditions, it is important to localise the focused region-of-interest using both MRI and PET under identical circumstances. In this work, we designed five commonly used linear and quadrature radiofrequency surface coils suitable for hybrid MR-PET use in endorectal applications. Due to the endorectal design and the shielded PET insert, the outer face of the coils investigated was curved and the region to be imaged was outside the volume of the coil. The tilting angles of the coils were varied with respect to the main magnetic field direction. This was done to approximate the various positions from which the prostate could be imaged. The transmit efficiencies and safety excitation efficiencies from simulations, together with the signal-to-noise ratios from the MR images were calculated and analysed. Overall, it was found that the overlapped loops driven in quadrature were superior to the other types of coils we tested. In order to determine the effect of the different coil designs on PET, transmission scans were carried out, and it was observed that the differences between attenuation maps with and without the coils were negligible. The findings of this work can provide useful guidance for the integration of such coil designs into MR-PET hybrid systems in the future.}, language = {en} } @misc{SchulzeBuxlohGrossCheng2020, author = {Schulze-Buxloh, Lina and Groß, Rolf Fritz and Cheng, Kevin Toni}, title = {Development and manufacturing of an interactive three-dimensional phase diagram of carbon dioxide for teaching sessions in thermodynamics}, series = {Proceedings of the International Conference The Future of Education 2020}, journal = {Proceedings of the International Conference The Future of Education 2020}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @article{JildehKirchnerOberlaenderetal.2020, author = {Jildeh, Zaid B. and Kirchner, Patrick and Oberl{\"a}nder, Jan and Vahidpour, Farnoosh and Wagner, Patrick H. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Development of a package-sterilization process for aseptic filling machines: A numerical approach and validation for surface treatment with hydrogen peroxide}, series = {Sensor and Actuators A: Physical}, volume = {303}, journal = {Sensor and Actuators A: Physical}, number = {111691}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0924-4247}, doi = {10.1016/j.sna.2019.111691}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Within the present work a sterilization process by a heated gas mixture that contains hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is validated by experiments and numerical modeling techniques. The operational parameters that affect the sterilization efficacy are described alongside the two modes of sterilization: gaseous and condensed H₂O₂. Measurements with a previously developed H₂O₂ gas sensor are carried out to validate the applied H₂O₂ gas concentration during sterilization. We performed microbiological tests at different H₂O₂ gas concentrations by applying an end-point method to carrier strips, which contain different inoculation loads of Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores. The analysis of the sterilization process of a pharmaceutical glass vial is performed by numerical modeling. The numerical model combines heat- and advection-diffusion mass transfer with vapor-pressure equations to predict the location of condensate formation and the concentration of H₂O₂ at the packaging surfaces by changing the gas temperature. For a sterilization process of 0.7 s, a H₂O₂ gas concentration above 4\% v/v is required to reach a log-count reduction above six. The numerical results showed the location of H₂O₂ condensate formation, which decreases with increasing sterilant-gas temperature. The model can be transferred to different gas nozzle- and packaging geometries to assure the absence of H₂O₂ residues.}, language = {en} } @article{HailerWeberNevelingetal.2020, author = {Hailer, Benjamin and Weber, Tobias and Neveling, Sebastian and Dera, Samuel and Arent, Jan-Christoph and Middendorf, Peter}, title = {Development of a test device to determine the frictional behavior between honeycomb and prepreg layers under realistic manufacturing conditions}, series = {Journal of Sandwich Structures \& Materials}, journal = {Journal of Sandwich Structures \& Materials}, number = {Volume 23, Issue 7}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {London}, issn = {1530-7972}, doi = {10.1177/1099636220923986}, pages = {3017 -- 3043}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In the friction tests between honeycomb with film adhesive and prepreg, the relative displacement occurs between the film adhesive and the prepreg. The film adhesive does not shift relative to the honeycomb. This is consistent with the core crush behavior where the honeycomb moves together with the film adhesive, as can be seen in Figure 2(a). The pull-through forces of the friction measurements between honeycomb and prepreg at 1 mm deformation are plotted in Figure 17(a). While the friction at 100°C is similar to the friction at 120°C, it decreases significantly at 130°C and exhibits a minimum at 140°C. At 150°C, the friction rises again slightly and then sharply at 160°C. Since the viscosity of the M18/1 prepreg resin drops significantly before it cures [23], the minimum friction at 140°C could result from a minimum viscosity of the mixture of prepreg resin and film adhesive before the bond subsequently cures. Figure 17(b) shows the mean value curve of the friction measurements at 140°C. The error bars, which represent the standard deviation, reveal the good repeatability of the tests. The force curve is approximately horizontal between 1 mm and 2 mm. The friction then slightly rises. As with interlaminar friction measurements, this could be due to the fact that resin is removed by friction and the proportion of boundary lubrication increases. Figure 18 shows the surfaces after the friction measurement. The honeycomb cell walls are clearly visible in the film adhesive. There are areas where the film adhesive is completely removed and the carrier material of the film adhesive becomes visible. In addition, the viscosity of the resin changes as the curing progresses during the friction test. This can also affect the force-displacement curve.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{AdamsLosekammCzupalla2020, author = {Adams, Moritz and Losekamm, Martin J. and Czupalla, Markus}, title = {Development of the Thermal Control System for the RadMap Telescope Experiment on the International Space Station}, series = {International Conference on Environmental Systems}, booktitle = {International Conference on Environmental Systems}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{LeiseBreuerAltherretal.2020, author = {Leise, Philipp and Breuer, Tim and Altherr, Lena and Pelz, Peter F.}, title = {Development, validation and assessment of a resilient pumping system}, series = {Proceedings of the Joint International Resilience Conference, JIRC2020}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint International Resilience Conference, JIRC2020}, isbn = {978-90-365-5095-6}, pages = {97 -- 100}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The development of resilient technical systems is a challenging task, as the system should adapt automatically to unknown disturbances and component failures. To evaluate different approaches for deriving resilient technical system designs, we developed a modular test rig that is based on a pumping system. On the basis of this example system, we present metrics to quantify resilience and an algorithmic approach to improve resilience. This approach enables the pumping system to automatically react on unknown disturbances and to reduce the impact of component failures. In this case, the system is able to automatically adapt its topology by activating additional valves. This enables the system to still reach a minimum performance, even in case of failures. Furthermore, timedependent disturbances are evaluated continuously, deviations from the original state are automatically detected and anticipated in the future. This allows to reduce the impact of future disturbances and leads to a more resilient system behaviour.}, language = {en} }