@article{Gaigall2021,
  author    = {Gaigall, Daniel},
  title     = {Test for Changes in the Modeled Solvency Capital Requirement of an Internal Risk Model},
  series = {ASTIN Bulletin},
  volume    = {51},
  journal   = {ASTIN Bulletin},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  issn      = {1783-1350},
  doi       = {10.1017/asb.2021.20},
  pages     = {813 -- 837},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In the context of the Solvency II directive, the operation of an internal risk model is a possible way for risk assessment and for the determination of the solvency capital requirement of an insurance company in the European Union. A Monte Carlo procedure is customary to generate a model output. To be compliant with the directive, validation of the internal risk model is conducted on the basis of the model output. For this purpose, we suggest a new test for checking whether there is a significant change in the modeled solvency capital requirement. Asymptotic properties of the test statistic are investigated and a bootstrap approximation is justified. A simulation study investigates the performance of the test in the finite sample case and confirms the theoretical results. The internal risk model and the application of the test is illustrated in a simplified example. The method has more general usage for inference of a broad class of law-invariant and coherent risk measures on the basis of a paired sample.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DickhoffHorikawaFunke2021,
  author    = {Dickhoff, Jens and Horikawa, Atsushi and Funke, Harald},
  title     = {Hydrogen Combustion - new DLE Combustor Addresses NOx Emissions and Flashback},
  series = {Turbomachinery international : the global journal of energy equipment},
  volume    = {62},
  journal   = {Turbomachinery international : the global journal of energy equipment},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {MJH Life Sciences},
  address   = {Cranbury},
  issn      = {2767-2328},
  pages     = {26 -- 27},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GorzalkaSchmiedtSchorn2021,
  author    = {Gorzalka, Philip and Schmiedt, Jacob Estevam and Schorn, Christian},
  title     = {Automated Generation of an Energy Simulation Model for an Existing Building from UAV Imagery},
  series = {Buildings},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Buildings},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2075-5309},
  doi       = {10.3390/buildings11090380},
  pages     = {15 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {An approach to automatically generate a dynamic energy simulation model in Modelica for a single existing building is presented. It aims at collecting data about the status quo in the preparation of energy retrofits with low effort and costs. The proposed method starts from a polygon model of the outer building envelope obtained from photogrammetrically generated point clouds. The open-source tools TEASER and AixLib are used for data enrichment and model generation. A case study was conducted on a single-family house. The resulting model can accurately reproduce the internal air temperatures during synthetical heating up and cooling down. Modelled and measured whole building heat transfer coefficients (HTC) agree within a 12\% range. A sensitivity analysis emphasises the importance of accurate window characterisations and justifies the use of a very simplified interior geometry. Uncertainties arising from the use of archetype U-values are estimated by comparing different typologies, with best- and worst-case estimates showing differences in pre-retrofit heat demand of about ±20\% to the average; however, as the assumptions made are permitted by some national standards, the method is already close to practical applicability and opens up a path to quickly estimate possible financial and energy savings after refurbishment.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AlexyukBogoyavlenskiyAlexyuketal.2021,
  author    = {Alexyuk, Madina and Bogoyavlenskiy, Andrey and Alexyuk, Pavel and Moldakhanov, Yergali and Berezin, Vladimir and Digel, Ilya},
  title     = {Epipelagic microbiome of the Small Aral Sea: Metagenomic structure and ecological diversity},
  series = {MicrobiologyOpen},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {MicrobiologyOpen},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {2045-8827},
  doi       = {10.1002/mbo3.1142},
  pages     = {1 -- 10},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Microbial diversity studies regarding the aquatic communities that experienced or are experiencing environmental problems are essential for the comprehension of the remediation dynamics. In this pilot study, we present data on the phylogenetic and ecological structure of microorganisms from epipelagic water samples collected in the Small Aral Sea (SAS). The raw data were generated by massive parallel sequencing using the shotgun approach. As expected, most of the identified DNA sequences belonged to Terrabacteria and Actinobacteria (40\% and 37\% of the total reads, respectively). The occurrence of Deinococcus-Thermus, Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi in the epipelagic SAS waters was less anticipated. Surprising was also the detection of sequences, which are characteristic for strict anaerobes—Ignavibacteria, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, and archaeal methanogenic species. We suppose that the observed very broad range of phylogenetic and ecological features displayed by the SAS reads demonstrates a more intensive mixing of water masses originating from diverse ecological niches of the Aral-Syr Darya River basin than presumed before.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{DiekmannEggert2021,
  author    = {Diekmann, Julian and Eggert, Mathias},
  title     = {Is a Progressive Web App an Alternative for Native App Development?},
  series = {3. Wissenschaftsforum: Digitale Transformation (WiFo21) (Lecture Notes in Informatics ; P-319)},
  booktitle = {3. Wissenschaftsforum: Digitale Transformation (WiFo21) (Lecture Notes in Informatics ; P-319)},
  publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address   = {Darmstadt},
  isbn      = {978-3-88579-713-5},
  pages     = {35 -- 48},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The existence of several mobile operating systems, such as Android and iOS, is a challenge for developers because the individual platforms are not compatible with each other and require separate app developments. For this reason, cross-platform approaches have become popular but lack in cloning the native behavior of the different operating systems. Out of the plenty cross-platform approaches, the progressive web app (PWA) approach is perceived as promising but needs further investigation. Therefore, the paper at hand aims at investigating whether PWAs are a suitable alternative for native apps by developing a PWA clone of an existing app. Two surveys are conducted in which potential users test and evaluate the PWA prototype with regard to its usability. The survey results indicate that PWAs have great potential, but cannot be treated as a general alternative to native apps. For guiding developers when and how to use PWAs, four design guidelines for the development of PWA-based apps are derived based on the results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{EngelmannShashaSlabu2021,
  author    = {Engelmann, Ulrich M. and Shasha, Carolyn and Slabu, Ioana},
  title     = {Magnetic nanoparticle relaxation in biomedical application: focus on simulating nanoparticle heating},
  series = {Magnetic nanoparticles in human health and medicine},
  booktitle = {Magnetic nanoparticles in human health and medicine},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Hoboken, New Jeersey},
  isbn      = {978-1-119-75467-1},
  pages     = {327 -- 354},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AkimbekovDigelTastambeketal.2021,
  author    = {Akimbekov, Nuraly S. and Digel, Ilya and Tastambek, Kuanysh T. and Sherelkhan, Dinara K. and Jussupova, Dariya B. and Altynbay, Nazym P.},
  title     = {Low-rank coal as a source of humic substances for soil amendment and fertility management},
  series = {Agriculture},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Agriculture},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2077-0472},
  doi       = {10.3390/agriculture11121261},
  pages     = {25 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Humic substances (HS), as important environmental components, are essential to soil health and agricultural sustainability. The usage of low-rank coal (LRC) for energy generation has declined considerably due to the growing popularity of renewable energy sources and gas. However, their potential as soil amendment aimed to maintain soil quality and productivity deserves more recognition. LRC, a highly heterogeneous material in nature, contains large quantities of HS and may effectively help to restore the physicochemical, biological, and ecological functionality of soil. Multiple emerging studies support the view that LRC and its derivatives can positively impact the soil microclimate, nutrient status, and organic matter turnover. Moreover, the phytotoxic effects of some pollutants can be reduced by subsequent LRC application. Broad geographical availability, relatively low cost, and good technical applicability of LRC offer the advantage of easy fulfilling soil amendment and conditioner requirements worldwide. This review analyzes and emphasizes the potential of LRC and its numerous forms/combinations for soil amelioration and crop production. A great benefit would be a systematic investment strategy implicating safe utilization and long-term application of LRC for sustainable agricultural production.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Butenweg2021,
  author    = {Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Integrated approach for monitoring and management of buildings with digital building models and modern sensor technologies},
  series = {Proceedings of the International Conference Civil Engineering 2021 - Achievements and Visions},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference Civil Engineering 2021 - Achievements and Visions},
  editor    = {Kuzmanović, Vladan and Ignjatović, Ivan},
  publisher = {University of Belgrade},
  address   = {Belgrade},
  pages     = {67 -- 75},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Nowadays modern high-performance buildings and facilities are equipped with monitoring systems and sensors to control building characteristics like energy consumption, temperature pattern and structural safety. The visualization and interpretation of sensor data is typically based on simple spreadsheets and non-standardized user-oriented solutions, which makes it difficult for building owners, facility managers and decision-makers to evaluate and understand the data. The solution of this problem in the future are integrated BIM-Sensor approaches which allow the generation of BIM models incorporating all relevant information of monitoring systems. These approaches support both the dynamic visualization of key structural performance parameters, the effective long-term management of sensor data based on BIM and provide a user-friendly interface to communicate with various stakeholders. A major benefit for the end user is the use of the BIM software architecture, which is the future standard anyway. In the following, the application of the integrated BIM-Sensor approach is illustrated for a typical industrial facility as a part of an early warning and rapid response system for earthquake events currently developed in the research project "ROBUST" with financial support by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWI).},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SeefeldtDachwald2021,
  author    = {Seefeldt, Patric and Dachwald, Bernd},
  title     = {Temperature increase on folded solar sail membranes},
  series = {Advances in Space Research},
  volume    = {67},
  journal   = {Advances in Space Research},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0273-1177},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.asr.2020.09.026},
  pages     = {2688 -- 2695},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ValeroSchalkoFriedrichetal.2021,
  author    = {Valero, Daniel and Schalko, Isabella and Friedrich, Heide and Abad, Jorge D. and Bung, Daniel Bernhard and Donchyts, Gennadii and Felder, Stefan and Ferreira, Rui M. L. and Hohermuth, Benjamin and Kramer, Matthias and Li, Danxun and Mendes, Luis and Moreno-Rodenas, Antonio and Nones, Michael and Paron, Paolo and Ruiz-Villanueva, Virginia and Wang, Ruo-Qian and Franca, Mario J.},
  title     = {Pathways towards democratization of hydro-environment observations and data},
  series = {Iahr White Paper Series},
  journal   = {Iahr White Paper Series},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR)},
  pages     = {1 -- 9},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{MayntzKeimerTegtmeyeretal.2021,
  author    = {Mayntz, Joscha and Keimer, Jona and Tegtmeyer, Philipp and Dahmann, Peter and Hille, Sebastian and Stumpf, Eike and Fisher, Alex and Dorrington, Graham},
  title     = {Aerodynamic Investigation on Efficient Inflight Transition of a Propeller from Propulsion to Regeneration Mode},
  series = {AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum},
  journal   = {AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum},
  publisher = {AIAA},
  address   = {Reston, Va.},
  doi       = {10.2514/6.2022-0546},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This paper discusses a new way of inflight power regeneration for electric or hybrid-electric driven general aviation aircraft with one powertrain for both configurations. Three different approaches for the shift from propulsion to regeneration mode are analyzed. Numerical cal-culation and wind tunnel results are compared and show the highest regeneration potential for the "Windmill" approach, where the propeller blades are flipped, and rotation is reversed. A combination of all regeneration approaches for a realistic flight mission is discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{DeyElsenFerreinetal.2021,
  author    = {Dey, Thomas and Elsen, Ingo and Ferrein, Alexander and Frauenrath, Tobias and Reke, Michael and Schiffer, Stefan},
  title     = {CO2 Meter: a do-it-yourself carbon dioxide measuring device for the classroom},
  series = {PETRA '21: Proceedings of the 14th Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference},
  booktitle = {PETRA '21: Proceedings of the 14th Pervasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference},
  editor    = {Makedon, Fillia},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  address   = {New York},
  isbn      = {9781450387927},
  doi       = {10.1145/3453892.3462697},
  pages     = {292 -- 299},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In this paper we report on CO2 Meter, a do-it-yourself carbon dioxide measuring device for the classroom. Part of the current measures for dealing with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is proper ventilation in indoor settings. This is especially important in schools with students coming back to the classroom even with high incidents rates. Static ventilation patterns do not consider the individual situation for a particular class. Influencing factors like the type of activity, the physical structure or the room occupancy are not incorporated. Also, existing devices are rather expensive and often provide only limited information and only locally without any networking. This leaves the potential of analysing the situation across different settings untapped. Carbon dioxide level can be used as an indicator of air quality, in general, and of aerosol load in particular. Since, according to the latest findings, SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted primarily in the form of aerosols, carbon dioxide may be used as a proxy for the risk of a virus infection. Hence, schools could improve the indoor air quality and potentially reduce the infection risk if they actually had measuring devices available in the classroom. Our device supports schools in ventilation and it allows for collecting data over the Internet to enable a detailed data analysis and model generation. First deployments in schools at different levels were received very positively. A pilot installation with a larger data collection and analysis is underway.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GermanMikuckiWelchetal.2021,
  author    = {German, Laura and Mikucki, Jill A. and Welch, Susan A. and Welch, Kathleen A. and Lutton, Anthony and Dachwald, Bernd and Kowalski, Julia and Heinen, Dirk and Feldmann, Marco and Francke, Gero and Espe, Clemens and Lyons, W. Berry},
  title     = {Validation of sampling antarctic subglacial hypersaline waters with an electrothermal ice melting probe (IceMole) for environmental analytical geochemistry},
  series = {International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry},
  volume    = {101},
  journal   = {International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry},
  number    = {15},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0306-7319},
  doi       = {10.1080/03067319.2019.1704750},
  pages     = {2654 -- 2667},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Geochemical characterisation of hypersaline waters is difficult as high concentrations of salts hinder the analysis of constituents at low concentrations, such as trace metals, and the collection of samples for trace metal analysis in natural waters can be easily contaminated. This is particularly the case if samples are collected by non-conventional techniques such as those required for aquatic subglacial environments. In this paper we present the first analysis of a subglacial brine from Taylor Valley, (~ 78°S), Antarctica for the trace metals: Ba, Co, Mo, Rb, Sr, V, and U. Samples were collected englacially using an electrothermal melting probe called the IceMole. This probe uses differential heating of a copper head as well as the probe's sidewalls and an ice screw at the melting head to move through glacier ice. Detailed blanks, meltwater, and subglacial brine samples were collected to evaluate the impact of the IceMole and the borehole pump, the melting and collection process, filtration, and storage on the geochemistry of the samples collected by this device. Comparisons between melt water profiles through the glacier ice and blank analysis, with published studies on ice geochemistry, suggest the potential for minor contributions of some species Rb, As, Co, Mn, Ni, NH4+, and NO2-+NO3- from the IceMole. The ability to conduct detailed chemical analyses of subglacial fluids collected with melting probes is critical for the future exploration of the hundreds of deep subglacial lakes in Antarctica.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ChajanSchulteTiggesRekeetal.2021,
  author    = {Chajan, Eduard and Schulte-Tigges, Joschua and Reke, Michael and Ferrein, Alexander and Matheis, Dominik and Walter, Thomas},
  title     = {GPU based model-predictive path control for self-driving vehicles},
  series = {IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)},
  booktitle = {IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  isbn      = {978-1-7281-5394-0},
  doi       = {10.1109/IV48863.2021.9575619},
  pages     = {1243 -- 1248},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {One central challenge for self-driving cars is a proper path-planning. Once a trajectory has been found, the next challenge is to accurately and safely follow the precalculated path. The model-predictive controller (MPC) is a common approach for the lateral control of autonomous vehicles. The MPC uses a vehicle dynamics model to predict the future states of the vehicle for a given prediction horizon. However, in order to achieve real-time path control, the computational load is usually large, which leads to short prediction horizons. To deal with the computational load, the control algorithm can be parallelized on the graphics processing unit (GPU). In contrast to the widely used stochastic methods, in this paper we propose a deterministic approach based on grid search. Our approach focuses on systematically discovering the search area with different levels of granularity. To achieve this, we split the optimization algorithm into multiple iterations. The best sequence of each iteration is then used as an initial solution to the next iteration. The granularity increases, resulting in smooth and predictable steering angle sequences. We present a novel GPU-based algorithm and show its accuracy and realtime abilities with a number of real-world experiments.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoehlerRoepkeWolf2021,
  author    = {K{\"o}hler, Klemens and R{\"o}pke, Ren{\´e} and Wolf, Martin R.},
  title     = {Through a mirror darkly - On the obscurity of teaching goals in game-based learning in IT security},
  series = {ISAGA 2019: Simulation Gaming Through Times and Disciplines},
  journal   = {ISAGA 2019: Simulation Gaming Through Times and Disciplines},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-72132-9_6},
  pages     = {61 -- 73},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Teachers and instructors use very specific language communicating teaching goals. The most widely used frameworks of common reference are the Bloom's Taxonomy and the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy. The latter provides distinction of 209 different teaching goals which are connected to methods. In Competence Developing Games (CDGs - serious games to convey knowledge) and in IT security education, a two- or three level typology exists, reducing possible learning outcomes to awareness, training, and education. This study explores whether this much simpler framework succeeds in achieving the same range of learning outcomes. Method wise a keyword analysis was conducted. The results were threefold: 1. The words used to describe teaching goals in CDGs on IT security education do not reflect the whole range of learning outcomes. 2. The word choice is nevertheless different from common language, indicating an intentional use of language. 3. IT security CDGs use different sets of terms to describe learning outcomes, depending on whether they are awareness, training, or education games. The interpretation of the findings is that the reduction to just three types of CDGs reduces the capacity to communicate and think about learning outcomes and consequently reduces the outcomes that are intentionally achieved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FerreinMeessenLimpertetal.2021,
  author    = {Ferrein, Alexander and Meeßen, Marcus and Limpert, Nicolas and Schiffer, Stefan},
  title     = {Compiling ROS schooling curricula via contentual taxonomies},
  series = {Robotics in Education},
  booktitle = {Robotics in Education},
  editor    = {Lepuschitz, Wilfried},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-67411-3},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-67411-3_5},
  pages     = {49 -- 60},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The Robot Operating System (ROS) is the current de-facto standard in robot middlewares. The steadily increasing size of the user base results in a greater demand for training as well. User groups range from students in academia to industry professionals with a broad spectrum of developers in between. To deliver high quality training and education to any of these audiences, educators need to tailor individual curricula for any such training. In this paper, we present an approach to ease compiling curricula for ROS trainings based on a taxonomy of the teaching contents. The instructor can select a set of dedicated learning units and the system will automatically compile the teaching material based on the dependencies of the units selected and a set of parameters for a particular training. We walk through an example training to illustrate our work.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{JungMuellerStaat2021,
  author    = {Jung, Alexander and M{\"u}ller, Wolfram and Staat, Manfred},
  title     = {Corrigendum to "Wind and fairness in ski jumping: A computer modelling analysis" [J. Biomech. 75 (2018) 147-153]},
  series = {Journal of Biomechanics},
  volume    = {128},
  journal   = {Journal of Biomechanics},
  number    = {Article number: 110690},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0021-9290},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110690},
  pages     = {1 Seite},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JablonskiPoghossianKeusgenetal.2021,
  author    = {Jablonski, Melanie and Poghossian, Arshak and Keusgen, Michael and Wege, Christina and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Detection of plant virus particles with a capacitive field-effect sensor},
  series = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry},
  volume    = {413},
  journal   = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {Cham},
  issn      = {1618-2650},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00216-021-03448-8},
  pages     = {5669 -- 5678},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Plant viruses are major contributors to crop losses and induce high economic costs worldwide. For reliable, on-site and early detection of plant viral diseases, portable biosensors are of great interest. In this study, a field-effect SiO2-gate electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) sensor was utilized for the label-free electrostatic detection of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles as a model plant pathogen. The capacitive EIS sensor has been characterized regarding its TMV sensitivity by means of constant-capacitance method. The EIS sensor was able to detect biotinylated TMV particles from a solution with a TMV concentration as low as 0.025 nM. A good correlation between the registered EIS sensor signal and the density of adsorbed TMV particles assessed from scanning electron microscopy images of the SiO2-gate chip surface was observed. Additionally, the isoelectric point of the biotinylated TMV particles was determined via zeta potential measurements and the influence of ionic strength of the measurement solution on the TMV-modified EIS sensor signal has been studied.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PoghossianSchoening2021,
  author    = {Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Recent progress in silicon-based biologically sensitive field-effect devices},
  series = {Current Opinion in Electrochemistry},
  journal   = {Current Opinion in Electrochemistry},
  number    = {Article number: 100811},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {2451-9103},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100811},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Biologically sensitive field-effect devices (BioFEDs) advantageously combine the electronic field-effect functionality with the (bio)chemical receptor's recognition ability for (bio)chemical sensing. In this review, basic and widely applied device concepts of silicon-based BioFEDs (ion-sensitive field-effect transistor, silicon nanowire transistor, electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitor, light-addressable potentiometric sensor) are presented and recent progress (from 2019 to early 2021) is discussed. One of the main advantages of BioFEDs is the label-free sensing principle enabling to detect a large variety of biomolecules and bioparticles by their intrinsic charge. The review encompasses applications of BioFEDs for the label-free electrical detection of clinically relevant protein biomarkers, deoxyribonucleic acid molecules and viruses, enzyme-substrate reactions as well as recording of the cell acidification rate (as an indicator of cellular metabolism) and the extracellular potential.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{HoffschmidtAlexopoulosRauetal.2021,
  author    = {Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Rau, Christoph and Sattler, Johannes Christoph and Anthrakidis, Anette and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and O'Connor, B. and Chico Caminos, Ricardo Alexander and Rend{\´o}n, C. and Hilger, P.},
  title     = {Concentrating Solar Power},
  series = {Earth systems and environmental sciences},
  booktitle = {Earth systems and environmental sciences},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {978-0-12-409548-9},
  doi       = {10.1016/B978-0-12-819727-1.00089-3},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The focus of this chapter is the production of power and the use of the heat produced from concentrated solar thermal power (CSP) systems. The chapter starts with the general theoretical principles of concentrating systems including the description of the concentration ratio, the energy and mass balance. The power conversion systems is the main part where solar-only operation and the increase in operational hours. Solar-only operation include the use of steam turbines, gas turbines, organic Rankine cycles and solar dishes. The operational hours can be increased with hybridization and with storage. Another important topic is the cogeneration where solar cooling, desalination and of heat usage is described. Many examples of commercial CSP power plants as well as research facilities from the past as well as current installed and in operation are described in detail. The chapter closes with economic and environmental aspects and with the future potential of the development of CSP around the world.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PourshahidiAchtsnichtNambipareecheeetal.2021,
  author    = {Pourshahidi, Ali Mohammad and Achtsnicht, Stefan and Nambipareechee, Mrinal Murali and Offenh{\"a}usser, Andreas and Krause, Hans-Joachim},
  title     = {Multiplex detection of magnetic beads using offset field dependent frequency mixing magnetic detection},
  series = {Sensors},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Sensors},
  number    = {17},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1424-8220},
  doi       = {10.3390/s21175859},
  pages     = {16 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Magnetic immunoassays employing Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection (FMMD) have recently become increasingly popular for quantitative detection of various analytes. Simultaneous analysis of a sample for two or more targets is desirable in order to reduce the sample amount, save consumables, and save time. We show that different types of magnetic beads can be distinguished according to their frequency mixing response to a two-frequency magnetic excitation at different static magnetic offset fields. We recorded the offset field dependent FMMD response of two different particle types at frequencies ƒ₁ + n⋅ƒ₂, n = 1, 2, 3, 4 with ƒ₁ = 30.8 kHz and ƒ₂ = 63 Hz. Their signals were clearly distinguishable by the locations of the extremes and zeros of their responses. Binary mixtures of the two particle types were prepared with different mixing ratios. The mixture samples were analyzed by determining the best linear combination of the two pure constituents that best resembled the measured signals of the mixtures. Using a quadratic programming algorithm, the mixing ratios could be determined with an accuracy of greater than 14\%. If each particle type is functionalized with a different antibody, multiplex detection of two different analytes becomes feasible.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchulteEggert2021,
  author    = {Schulte, Maximilian and Eggert, Mathias},
  title     = {Predicting hourly bitcoin prices based on long short-term memory neural networks},
  series = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI) 2021},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik (WI) 2021},
  pages     = {16 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency and is considered a high-risk asset class whose price changes are difficult to predict. Current research focusses on daily price movements with a limited number of predictors. The paper at hand aims at identifying measurable indicators for Bitcoin price movements and the development of a suitable forecasting model for hourly changes. The paper provides three research contributions. First, a set of significant indicators for predicting the Bitcoin price is identified. Second, the results of a trained Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) neural network that predicts price changes on an hourly basis is presented and compared with other algorithms. Third, the results foster discussions of the applicability of neural nets for stock price predictions. In total, 47 input features for a period of over 10 months could be retrieved to train a neural net that predicts the Bitcoin price movements with an error rate of 3.52 \%.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BallVoegeleGrajewskietal.2021,
  author    = {Ball, Christopher Stephen and V{\"o}gele, Stefan and Grajewski, Matthias and Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm},
  title     = {E-mobility from a multi-actor point of view: Uncertainties and their impacts},
  series = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change},
  volume    = {170},
  journal   = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change},
  number    = {Art. 120925},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {0040-1625},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120925},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JablonskiPoghossianSeverinetal.2021,
  author    = {Jablonski, Melanie and Poghossian, Arshak and Severin, Robin and Keusgen, Michael and Wege, Christian and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Capacitive Field-Effect Biosensor Studying Adsorption of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particles},
  series = {Micromachines},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Micromachines},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/mi12010057},
  pages     = {Artikel 57},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Plant virus-like particles, and in particular, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles, are increasingly being used in nano- and biotechnology as well as for biochemical sensing purposes as nanoscaffolds for the high-density immobilization of receptor molecules. The sensitive parameters of TMV-assisted biosensors depend, among others, on the density of adsorbed TMV particles on the sensor surface, which is affected by both the adsorption conditions and surface properties of the sensor. In this work, Ta₂O₅-gate field-effect capacitive sensors have been applied for the label-free electrical detection of TMV adsorption. The impact of the TMV concentration on both the sensor signal and the density of TMV particles adsorbed onto the Ta₂O₅-gate surface has been studied systematically by means of field-effect and scanning electron microscopy methods. In addition, the surface density of TMV particles loaded under different incubation times has been investigated. Finally, the field-effect sensor also demonstrates the label-free detection of penicillinase immobilization as model bioreceptor on TMV particles.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HarzheimMuehmelHeuermann2021,
  author    = {Harzheim, Thomas and M{\"u}hmel, Marc and Heuermann, Holger},
  title     = {A SFCW harmonic radar system for maritime search and rescue using passive and active tags},
  series = {International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies},
  number    = {Special Issue 7},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  doi       = {10.1017/S1759078721000520},
  pages     = {691 -- 707},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This paper introduces a new maritime search and rescue system based on S-band illumination harmonic radar (HR). Passive and active tags have been developed and tested while attached to life jackets and a small boat. In this demonstration test carried out on the Baltic Sea, the system was able to detect and range the active tags up to a distance of 5800 m using an illumination signal transmit-power of 100 W. Special attention is given to the development, performance, and conceptual differences between passive and active tags used in the system. Guidelines for achieving a high HR dynamic range, including a system components description, are given and a comparison with other HR systems is performed. System integration with a commercial maritime X-band navigation radar is shown to demonstrate a solution for rapid search and rescue response and quick localization.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Jung2021,
  author    = {Jung, Alexander},
  title     = {Electromechanical modelling and simulation of hiPSC-derived cardiac cell cultures},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Duisburg-Essen},
  isbn      = {978-3-9821811-1-0},
  url       = {http://nbn-resolving.de/https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:464-20210624-134942-7},
  pages     = {III, 135 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HacklBuessKammerlohretal.2021,
  author    = {Hackl, Michael and Buess, Eduard and Kammerlohr, Sandra and Nacov, Julia and Staat, Manfred and Leschinger, Tim and M{\"u}ller, Lars P. and Wegmann, Kilian},
  title     = {A "comma sign"-directed subscapularis repair in anterosuperior rotator cuff tears yields biomechanical advantages in a cadaveric model},
  series = {The american journal of sports medicine},
  volume    = {49},
  journal   = {The american journal of sports medicine},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Sage},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1552-3365},
  doi       = {10.1177/03635465211031506},
  pages     = {3212 -- 3217},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Background: Additional stabilization of the "comma sign" in anterosuperior rotator cuff repair has been proposed to provide biomechanical benefits regarding stability of the repair. Purpose: This in vitro investigation aimed to investigate the influence of a comma sign-directed reconstruction technique for anterosuperior rotator cuff tears on the primary stability of the subscapularis tendon repair. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 18 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were used in this study. Anterosuperior rotator cuff tears (complete full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus and subscapularis tendons) were created, and supraspinatus repair was performed with a standard suture bridge technique. The subscapularis was repaired with either a (1) single-row or (2) comma sign technique. A high-resolution 3D camera system was used to analyze 3-mm and 5-mm gap formation at the subscapularis tendon-bone interface upon incremental cyclic loading. Moreover, the ultimate failure load of the repair was recorded. A Mann-Whitney test was used to assess significant differences between the 2 groups. Results: The comma sign repair withstood significantly more loading cycles than the single-row repair until 3-mm and 5-mm gap formation occurred (P≤ .047). The ultimate failure load did not reveal any significant differences when the 2 techniques were compared (P = .596). Conclusion: The results of this study show that additional stabilization of the comma sign enhanced the primary stability of subscapularis tendon repair in anterosuperior rotator cuff tears. Although this stabilization did not seem to influence the ultimate failure load, it effectively decreased the micromotion at the tendon-bone interface during cyclic loading. Clinical Relevance: The proposed technique for stabilization of the comma sign has shown superior biomechanical properties in comparison with a single-row repair and might thus improve tendon healing. Further clinical research will be necessary to determine its influence on the functional outcome.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PoghossianWeldenBuniatyanetal.2021,
  author    = {Poghossian, Arshak and Welden, Rene and Buniatyan, Vahe V. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {An Array of On-Chip Integrated, Individually Addressable Capacitive Field-Effect Sensors with Control Gate: Design and Modelling},
  series = {Sensors},
  volume    = {21},
  journal   = {Sensors},
  number    = {18},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1424-8220},
  doi       = {10.3390/s21186161},
  pages     = {17},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The on-chip integration of multiple biochemical sensors based on field-effect electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitors (EISCAP) is challenging due to technological difficulties in realization of electrically isolated EISCAPs on the same Si chip. In this work, we present a new simple design for an array of on-chip integrated, individually electrically addressable EISCAPs with an additional control gate (CG-EISCAP). The existence of the CG enables an addressable activation or deactivation of on-chip integrated individual CG-EISCAPs by simple electrical switching the CG of each sensor in various setups, and makes the new design capable for multianalyte detection without cross-talk effects between the sensors in the array. The new designed CG-EISCAP chip was modelled in so-called floating/short-circuited and floating/capacitively-coupled setups, and the corresponding electrical equivalent circuits were developed. In addition, the capacitance-voltage curves of the CG-EISCAP chip in different setups were simulated and compared with that of a single EISCAP sensor. Moreover, the sensitivity of the CG-EISCAP chip to surface potential changes induced by biochemical reactions was simulated and an impact of different parameters, such as gate voltage, insulator thickness and doping concentration in Si, on the sensitivity has been discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HeuermannHarzheimMuehmel2021,
  author    = {Heuermann, Holger and Harzheim, Thomas and M{\"u}hmel, Marc},
  title     = {A maritime harmonic radar search and rescue system using passive and active tags},
  series = {2020 17th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)},
  booktitle = {2020 17th European Radar Conference (EuRAD)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  isbn      = {978-2-87487-061-3},
  doi       = {10.1109/EuRAD48048.2021.00030},
  pages     = {73 -- 76},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This article introduces a new maritime search and rescue system based on S-band illumination harmonic radar (HR). Passive and active tags have been developed and tested attached to life jackets and a rescue boat. This system was able to detect and range the active tags up to a range of 5800 m in tests on the Baltic Sea with an antenna input power of only 100 W. All electronic GHz components of the system, excluding the S-band power amplifier, were custom developed for this purpose. Special attention is given to the performance and conceptual differences between passive and active tags used in the system and integration with a maritime X-band navigation radar is demonstrated.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GriegerSchwabedalWendeletal.2021,
  author    = {Grieger, Niklas and Schwabedal, Justus T. C. and Wendel, Stefanie and Ritze, Yvonne and Bialonski, Stephan},
  title     = {Automated scoring of pre-REM sleep in mice with deep learning},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {Art. 12245},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {2045-2322},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-021-91286-0},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Reliable automation of the labor-intensive manual task of scoring animal sleep can facilitate the analysis of long-term sleep studies. In recent years, deep-learning-based systems, which learn optimal features from the data, increased scoring accuracies for the classical sleep stages of Wake, REM, and Non-REM. Meanwhile, it has been recognized that the statistics of transitional stages such as pre-REM, found between Non-REM and REM, may hold additional insight into the physiology of sleep and are now under vivid investigation. We propose a classification system based on a simple neural network architecture that scores the classical stages as well as pre-REM sleep in mice. When restricted to the classical stages, the optimized network showed state-of-the-art classification performance with an out-of-sample F1 score of 0.95 in male C57BL/6J mice. When unrestricted, the network showed lower F1 scores on pre-REM (0.5) compared to the classical stages. The result is comparable to previous attempts to score transitional stages in other species such as transition sleep in rats or N1 sleep in humans. Nevertheless, we observed that the sequence of predictions including pre-REM typically transitioned from Non-REM to REM reflecting sleep dynamics observed by human scorers. Our findings provide further evidence for the difficulty of scoring transitional sleep stages, likely because such stages of sleep are under-represented in typical data sets or show large inter-scorer variability. We further provide our source code and an online platform to run predictions with our trained network.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BornheimGriegerBialonski2021,
  author    = {Bornheim, Tobias and Grieger, Niklas and Bialonski, Stephan},
  title     = {FHAC at GermEval 2021: Identifying German toxic, engaging, and fact-claiming comments with ensemble learning},
  series = {Proceedings of the GermEval 2021 Workshop on the Identification of Toxic, Engaging, and Fact-Claiming Comments : 17th Conference on Natural Language Processing KONVENS 2021},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the GermEval 2021 Workshop on the Identification of Toxic, Engaging, and Fact-Claiming Comments : 17th Conference on Natural Language Processing KONVENS 2021},
  publisher = {Heinrich Heine University},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  doi       = {10.48415/2021/fhw5-x128},
  pages     = {105 -- 111},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Staat2021,
  author    = {Staat, Manfred},
  title     = {An extension strain type Mohr-Coulomb criterion},
  series = {Rock mechanics and rock engineering},
  volume    = {54},
  journal   = {Rock mechanics and rock engineering},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {Cham},
  issn      = {1434-453X},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00603-021-02608-7},
  pages     = {6207 -- 6233},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Extension fractures are typical for the deformation under low or no confining pressure. They can be explained by a phenomenological extension strain failure criterion. In the past, a simple empirical criterion for fracture initiation in brittle rock has been developed. In this article, it is shown that the simple extension strain criterion makes unrealistic strength predictions in biaxial compression and tension. To overcome this major limitation, a new extension strain criterion is proposed by adding a weighted principal shear component to the simple criterion. The shear weight is chosen, such that the enriched extension strain criterion represents the same failure surface as the Mohr-Coulomb (MC) criterion. Thus, the MC criterion has been derived as an extension strain criterion predicting extension failure modes, which are unexpected in the classical understanding of the failure of cohesive-frictional materials. In progressive damage of rock, the most likely fracture direction is orthogonal to the maximum extension strain leading to dilatancy. The enriched extension strain criterion is proposed as a threshold surface for crack initiation CI and crack damage CD and as a failure surface at peak stress CP. Different from compressive loading, tensile loading requires only a limited number of critical cracks to cause failure. Therefore, for tensile stresses, the failure criteria must be modified somehow, possibly by a cut-off corresponding to the CI stress. Examples show that the enriched extension strain criterion predicts much lower volumes of damaged rock mass compared to the simple extension strain criterion.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KarschuckKaulenPoghossianetal.2021,
  author    = {Karschuck, Tobias and Kaulen, Corinna and Poghossian, Arshak and Wagner, Patrick H. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Gold nanoparticle-modified capacitive field-effect sensors: Studying the surface density of nanoparticles and coupling of charged polyelectrolyte macromolecules},
  series = {Electrochemical Science Advances},
  volume    = {2},
  journal   = {Electrochemical Science Advances},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {0938-5193},
  doi       = {10.1002/elsa.202100179},
  pages     = {10 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The coupling of ligand-stabilized gold nanoparticles with field-effect devices offers new possibilities for label-free biosensing. In this work, we study the immobilization of aminooctanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuAOTs) on the silicon dioxide surface of a capacitive field-effect sensor. The terminal amino group of the AuAOT is well suited for the functionalization with biomolecules. The attachment of the positively-charged AuAOTs on a capacitive field-effect sensor was detected by direct electrical readout using capacitance-voltage and constant capacitance measurements. With a higher particle density on the sensor surface, the measured signal change was correspondingly more pronounced. The results demonstrate the ability of capacitive field-effect sensors for the non-destructive quantitative validation of nanoparticle immobilization. In addition, the electrostatic binding of the polyanion polystyrene sulfonate to the AuAOT-modified sensor surface was studied as a model system for the label-free detection of charged macromolecules. Most likely, this approach can be transferred to the label-free detection of other charged molecules such as enzymes or antibodies.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EngelmannShalabyShashaetal.2021,
  author    = {Engelmann, Ulrich M. and Shalaby, Ahmed and Shasha, Carolyn and Krishnan, Kannan M. and Krause, Hans-Joachim},
  title     = {Comparative modeling of frequency mixing measurements of magnetic nanoparticles using micromagnetic simulations and Langevin theory},
  series = {Nanomaterials},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Nanomaterials},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  isbn      = {2079-4991},
  doi       = {10.3390/nano11051257},
  pages     = {1 -- 16},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Dual frequency magnetic excitation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) enables enhanced biosensing applications. This was studied from an experimental and theoretical perspective: nonlinear sum-frequency components of MNP exposed to dual-frequency magnetic excitation were measured as a function of static magnetic offset field. The Langevin model in thermodynamic equilibrium was fitted to the experimental data to derive parameters of the lognormal core size distribution. These parameters were subsequently used as inputs for micromagnetic Monte-Carlo (MC)-simulations. From the hysteresis loops obtained from MC-simulations, sum-frequency components were numerically demodulated and compared with both experiment and Langevin model predictions. From the latter, we derived that approximately 90\% of the frequency mixing magnetic response signal is generated by the largest 10\% of MNP. We therefore suggest that small particles do not contribute to the frequency mixing signal, which is supported by MC-simulation results. Both theoretical approaches describe the experimental signal shapes well, but with notable differences between experiment and micromagnetic simulations. These deviations could result from Brownian relaxations which are, albeit experimentally inhibited, included in MC-simulation, or (yet unconsidered) cluster-effects of MNP, or inaccurately derived input for MC-simulations, because the largest particles dominate the experimental signal but concurrently do not fulfill the precondition of thermodynamic equilibrium required by Langevin theory.},
  language  = {en}
}