@inproceedings{AringhoffGeyerHerrmannetal.2002,
  author    = {Aringhoff, R. and Geyer, Michael and Herrmann, Ulf and Kistner, Rainer and Nava, P. and Osuna, R.},
  title     = {AndaSol : 50MW Solar Plants with 9 Hour Storage for Southern Spain},
  series = {Proceedings of the 11th SolarPACES International Symposium on Concentrated Solar Power and Chemical Energy Technologies : September 4 - 6, 2002, Zurich, Switzerland / Paul Scherrer Institut, PSI; ETH, Eidgen{\"o}ssische Technische Hochschule Z{\"u}rich},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th SolarPACES International Symposium on Concentrated Solar Power and Chemical Energy Technologies : September 4 - 6, 2002, Zurich, Switzerland / Paul Scherrer Institut, PSI; ETH, Eidgen{\"o}ssische Technische Hochschule Z{\"u}rich},
  editor    = {Steinfeld, Aldo},
  publisher = {Paul Scherrer Inst.},
  address   = {Villingen},
  isbn      = {3-9521409-3-7},
  pages     = {37 -- 42},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{LatzkeAlexopoulosKronhardtetal.2015,
  author    = {Latzke, Markus and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Kronhardt, Valentina and Rend{\´o}n, Carlos and Sattler, Johannes, Christoph},
  title     = {Comparison of Potential Sites in China for Erecting a Hybrid Solar Tower Power Plant with Air Receiver},
  series = {Energy Procedia},
  booktitle = {Energy Procedia},
  issn      = {1876-6102},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.142},
  pages     = {1327 -- 1334},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{GoettscheKornAmato2015,
  author    = {G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Korn, Michael and Amato, Alexandre},
  title     = {The Passivhaus concept for the Arabian Peninsula - An energetic-economical evaluation considering the thermal comfort},
  series = {QScience Proceedings: Vol 2015},
  booktitle = {QScience Proceedings: Vol 2015},
  doi       = {10.5339/qproc.2015.qgbc.38},
  pages     = {8 Seiten},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The Passivhaus building standard is a concept developed for the realization of energy-efficient and economical buildings with a simultaneous high utilization comfort under European climate conditions. Major elements of the Passivhaus concept are a high thermal insulation of the external walls, the use of heat and/or solar shading glazing as well as an airtight building envelope in combination with energy-efficient technical building installations and heating or cooling generators, such as an efficient energy-recovery in the building air-conditioning. The objective of this research project is the inquiry to determine the parameters or constraints under which the Passivhaus concept can be implemented under the arid climate conditions in the Arabian Peninsula to achieve an energy-efficient and economical building with high utilization comfort. In cooperation between the Qatar Green Building Council (QGBC), Barwa Real Estate (BRE) and Kahramaa the first Passivhaus was constructed in Qatar and on the Arabian Peninsula in 2013. The Solar-Institut J{\"u}lich of Aachen University of Applied Science supports the Qatar Green Building Council with a dynamic building and equipment simulation of the Passivhaus and the neighbouring reference building. This includes simulation studies with different component configurations for the building envelope and different control strategies for heating or cooling systems as well as the air conditioning of buildings to find an energetic-economical optimum. Part of these analyses is the evaluation of the energy efficiency of the used energy recovery system in the Passivhaus air-conditioning and identification of possible energy-saving effects by the use of a bypass function integrated in the heat exchanger. In this way it is expected that on an annual basis the complete electricity demand of the building can be covered by the roof-integrated PV generator.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{GoettscheRoether2014,
  author    = {G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and R{\"o}ther, Sascha},
  title     = {Science College Overbach - Innovatives Bildungszentrum in J{\"u}lich-Barmen},
  series = {18. Internationale Passivhaustagung, Aachen, April 2014},
  booktitle = {18. Internationale Passivhaustagung, Aachen, April 2014},
  pages     = {6 Seiten},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Preprint der Autoren},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{DammSauerbornFendetal.2017,
  author    = {Damm, Marc Andr{\´e} and Sauerborn, Markus and Fend, Thomas and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Optimisation of a urea selective catalytic reduction system with a coated ceramic mixing element},
  series = {Journal of ceramic science and technology},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Journal of ceramic science and technology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {G{\"o}ller},
  address   = {Baden-Baden},
  isbn      = {2190-9385 (Print)},
  issn      = {2190-9385 (Online)},
  doi       = {10.4416/JCST2016-00056},
  pages     = {19 -- 24},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AlexopoulosHoffschmidt2017,
  author    = {Alexopoulos, Spiros and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard},
  title     = {Advances in solar tower technology},
  series = {Wiley interdisciplinary reviews : Energy and Environment : WIREs},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Wiley interdisciplinary reviews : Energy and Environment : WIREs},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {2041-840X},
  doi       = {10.1002/wene.217},
  pages     = {1 -- 19},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{EschDammKalbhenn2013,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas and Damm, Marc Andr{\´e} and Kalbhenn, Hartmut},
  title     = {Auslegung und Simulation eines Hybridantriebs f{\"u}r den teilelektrischen Betrieb eines Luftfahrzeuges der allgemeinen Luftfahrt : Schlussbericht f{\"u}r das Forschungsvorhaben ; F{\"o}rderperiode 01.07.2009 - 31.05.2012},
  address   = {Aachen ; Hannover},
  doi       = {10.2314/GBV:780055411},
  pages     = {1 Online-Ressource (138 Seiten)},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{DammAnthrakidisFend2015,
  author    = {Damm, Marc Andr{\´e} and Anthrakidis, Anette and Fend, Thomas},
  title     = {Partikelminderungssystem mit einstellbarem Partikelr{\"u}ckhaltegrad : Varytrap : Schlussbericht : Laufzeit: 01.07.2010-28.02.2014},
  address   = {J{\"u}lich},
  doi       = {10.2314/GBV:848651863},
  pages     = {1 Online-Ressource (44 Seiten)},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{DammAnthrakidisFend2016,
  author    = {Damm, Marc Andr{\´e} and Anthrakidis, Anette and Fend, Thomas},
  title     = {Keramische Porenk{\"o}rpersysteme als SCR-Mischer und Hydrolysekatalysator : BMBF-Projekt: Hydromix : Schlussbericht : Laufzeit: 01.10.2011 bis 31.03.2015},
  address   = {Aachen},
  pages     = {30 Seiten : Illustrationen, Diagramme},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KearneyHerrmannNavaetal.2003,
  author    = {Kearney, D. and Herrmann, Ulf and Nava, P. and Kelly, B. and Mahoney, R. and Pacheco, J. and Cable, R. and Potrovitza, N. and Blake, D. and Price, H.},
  title     = {Assessment of a Molten Salt Heat Transfer Fluid in a Parabolic Trough Solar Field},
  series = {Journal of Solar Energy Engineering},
  volume    = {125},
  journal   = {Journal of Solar Energy Engineering},
  number    = {2},
  issn      = {1528-8986},
  doi       = {10.1115/1.1565087},
  pages     = {170 -- 176},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AnthrakidisHerrmannSchornetal.2015,
  author    = {Anthrakidis, Anette and Herrmann, Ulf and Schorn, Christian and Schwarzer, Klemens and Wedding, Philipp and Weis, Fabian},
  title     = {Development and Testing of a Novel Method for the Determination of the Efficiency of Concentrating Solar Thermal Collectors},
  series = {Conference Proceedings Solar World Congress 2015, Daegu, Korea, 08 - 12 November 2015},
  booktitle = {Conference Proceedings Solar World Congress 2015, Daegu, Korea, 08 - 12 November 2015},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{WeisSchornAnthrakidisetal.2016,
  author    = {Weis, Fabian and Schorn, Christian and Anthrakidis, Anette and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Entwicklung eines kleinen Parabolrinnenkollektors mit Kunststoffkorpus zur Bereitstellung solarer Prozessw{\"a}rme : Poly-P : Abschlussbericht},
  publisher = {Solar-Institut J{\"u}lich},
  address   = {J{\"u}lich},
  pages     = {56 Seiten},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{TeixeiraBouraNiederwestbergMcLeodetal.2016,
  author    = {Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Niederwestberg, Stefan and McLeod, Jacqueline and Herrmann, Ulf and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard},
  title     = {Development of heat exchanger for high temperature energy storage with bulk materials},
  series = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  volume    = {1734},
  booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.4949106},
  pages     = {050008-1 -- 050008-7},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SauerbornLiebenstundRaueetal.2017,
  author    = {Sauerborn, Markus and Liebenstund, Lena and Raue, Markus and Mang, Thomas and Herrmann, Ulf and Dueing, Andreas},
  title     = {Analytic method for material aging and quality analyzing to forecast long time stability of plastic micro heliostat components},
  series = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  volume    = {1850},
  booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.4984388},
  pages     = {030045-1 -- 030045-8},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{HerrmannKearneyRoegeretal.2017,
  author    = {Herrmann, Ulf and Kearney, D. and R{\"o}ger, M. and Prahl, C.},
  title     = {System performance measurements},
  series = {The Performance of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Systems : Modelling, Measurement and Assessment},
  booktitle = {The Performance of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Systems : Modelling, Measurement and Assessment},
  publisher = {Woodhead Publishing},
  address   = {Duxford},
  isbn      = {978-0-08-100448-7},
  doi       = {https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100447-0.00005-5},
  pages     = {115 -- 165},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {This chapter introduces performance and acceptance testing and describes state-of-the-art tools, methods, and instruments to assess the plant performance or realize plant acceptance testing. The status of the development of standards for performance assessment is given.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RendonDieckmannWeidleetal.2018,
  author    = {Rendon, Carlos and Dieckmann, Simon and Weidle, Mathias and Dersch, J{\"u}rgen and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Polklas, Thomas and Kuschel, Marcus and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Retrofitting of existing parabolic trough collector power plants with molten salt tower systems},
  series = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  volume    = {2033},
  booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  number    = {1},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.5067030},
  pages     = {030014-1 -- 030014-8},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AnthrakidisHerrmannSchornetal.2015,
  author    = {Anthrakidis, Anette and Herrmann, Ulf and Schorn, Christian and Schwarzer, Klemens and Wedding, Philipp},
  title     = {Weiterentwicklung und Erprobung eines neuartigen Verfahrens zur Bestimmung der Effizienz von konzentrierenden solarthermischen Kollektoren},
  series = {25. OTTI Symposium Thermische Solarenergie},
  booktitle = {25. OTTI Symposium Thermische Solarenergie},
  pages     = {15 Seiten},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{SchornWeisAnthrakidisetal.2016,
  author    = {Schorn, Christian and Weis, Fabian and Anthrakidis, Anette and Schwarzer, Klemens and Schmitz, Mark and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Entwicklung und Bewertung eines Parabolrinnenkollektors zur Prozessw{\"a}rmebereitstellung},
  series = {26. Symposium Thermische Solarenergie, 20.-22.04.2016 in Bad Staffelstein},
  booktitle = {26. Symposium Thermische Solarenergie, 20.-22.04.2016 in Bad Staffelstein},
  pages     = {1 -- 13},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PuppeGiulianoFrantzetal.2018,
  author    = {Puppe, Michael and Giuliano, Stefano and Frantz, Cathy and Uhlig, Ralf and Schumacher, Ralph and Ibraheem, Wagdi and Schmalz, Stefan and Waldmann, Barbara and Guder, Christoph and Peter, Dennis and Schwager, Christian and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Spiegel, Michael and Wortmann, J{\"u}rgen and Hinrichs, Matthias and Engelhard, Manfred and Aust, Michael},
  title     = {Techno-economic optimization of molten salt solar tower plants},
  series = {AIP Conference Proceedings art.no. 040033},
  volume    = {2033},
  journal   = {AIP Conference Proceedings art.no. 040033},
  number    = {Issue 1},
  publisher = {AIP Publishing},
  address   = {Melville, NY},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.5067069},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {In this paper the results of a techno-economic analysis of improved and optimized molten salt solar tower plants (MSSTP plants) are presented. The potential improvements that were analyzed include different receiver designs, different designs of the HTF-system and plant control, increased molten salt temperatures (up to 640°C) and multi-tower systems. Detailed technological and economic models of the solar field, solar receiver and high temperature fluid system (HTF-system) were developed and used to find potential improvements compared to a reference plant based on Solar Two technology and up-to-date cost estimations. The annual yield model calculates the annual outputs and the LCOE of all variants. An improved external tubular receiver and improved HTF-system achieves a significant decrease of LCOE compared to the reference. This is caused by lower receiver cost as well as improvements of the HTF-system and plant operation strategy, significantly reducing the plant own consumption. A novel star receiver shows potential for further cost decrease. The cavity receiver concepts result in higher LCOE due to their high investment cost, despite achieving higher efficiencies. Increased molten salt temperatures seem possible with an adapted, closed loop HTF-system and achieve comparable results to the original improved system (with 565°C) under the given boundary conditions. In this analysis all multi tower systems show lower economic viability compared to single tower systems, caused by high additional cost for piping connections and higher cost of the receivers. REFERENCES},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RegerKuhnhenneHachuletal.2019,
  author    = {Reger, Vitali and Kuhnhenne, Markus and Hachul, Helmut and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Blanke, Tobias and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim},
  title     = {Plusenergiegeb{\"a}ude 2.0 in Stahlleichtbauweise},
  series = {Stahlbau},
  volume    = {88},
  journal   = {Stahlbau},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {1437-1049 (E-journal), 0038-9145 (print)},
  doi       = {10.1002/stab.201900034},
  pages     = {522 -- 528},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{GorzalkaDahlkeGoettscheetal.2018,
  author    = {Gorzalka, Philip and Dahlke, Dennis and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Israel, Martin and Patel, Dhruvkumar and Prahl, Christoph and Schmiedt, Jacob Estevam and Frommholz, Dirk and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Linkiewicz, Magdalena},
  title     = {Building Tomograph-From Remote Sensing Data of Existing Buildings to Building Energy Simulation Input},
  series = {EBC, Annex 71, Fifth expert meeting, October 17-19, 2018, Innsbruck, Austria},
  booktitle = {EBC, Annex 71, Fifth expert meeting, October 17-19, 2018, Innsbruck, Austria},
  pages     = {17 Seiten},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BreitbachAlexopoulosMayetal.2019,
  author    = {Breitbach, Gerd and Alexopoulos, Spiros and May, Martin and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Analysis of volumetric solar radiation absorbers made of wire meshes},
  series = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  volume    = {2126},
  booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  issn      = {0094243X},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.5117521},
  pages     = {030009-1 -- 030009-6},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MahdiRendonSchwageretal.2019,
  author    = {Mahdi, Zahra and Rend{\´o}n, Carlos and Schwager, Christian and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Novel concept for indirect solar-heated methane reforming},
  series = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  volume    = {2126},
  booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  publisher = {AIP Publishing},
  address   = {Melville, NY},
  issn      = {0094-243X},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.5117694},
  pages     = {180014-1 -- 180014-7},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MayBreitbachAlexopoulosetal.2019,
  author    = {May, Martin and Breitbach, Gerd and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Latzke, Markus and B{\"a}umer, Klaus and Uhlig, Ralf and S{\"o}hn, Matthias and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Experimental facility for investigations of wire mesh absorbers for pressurized gases},
  series = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  volume    = {2126},
  booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  issn      = {0094243X},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.5117547},
  pages     = {030035-1 -- 030035-9},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SattlerAlexopoulosCaminosetal.2019,
  author    = {Sattler, Johannes, Christoph and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Caminos, Ricardo Alexander Chico and Mitchell, John C. and Ruiz, Victor C. and Kalogirou, Soteris and Ktistis, Panayiotis K. and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Dynamic simulation model of a parabolic trough collector system with concrete thermal energy storage for process steam generation},
  series = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  volume    = {2126},
  booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  issn      = {0094243X},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.5117663},
  pages     = {150007-1 -- 150007-8},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HerrmannSchwarzenbartDittmannGabriel2019,
  author    = {Herrmann, Ulf and Schwarzenbart, Marc and Dittmann-Gabriel, S{\"o}ren},
  title     = {Speicher statt Kohle. Integration thermischer Stromspeicher in vorhandene Kraftwerksstandorte},
  series = {BWK : Das Energie-Fachmagazin},
  volume    = {71},
  journal   = {BWK : Das Energie-Fachmagazin},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Springer-VDI-Verl.},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  issn      = {1436-4883},
  pages     = {42 -- 45},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{SchwagerTeixeiraBouraFleschetal.2019,
  author    = {Schwager, Christian and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Flesch, Robert and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Improved efficiency prediction of a molten salt receiver based on dynamic cloud passage simulation},
  series = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  volume    = {2126},
  booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  number    = {1},
  isbn      = {978-0-7354-1866-0},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.5117566},
  pages     = {030054-1 -- 030054-8},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WoliszSchuetzBlankeetal.2017,
  author    = {Wolisz, Henryk and Sch{\"u}tz, Thomas and Blanke, Tobias and Hagenkamp, Markus and Kohrn, Markus and Wesseling, Mark and M{\"u}ller, Dirk},
  title     = {Cost optimal sizing of smart buildings' energy system components considering changing end-consumer electricity markets},
  series = {Energy},
  volume    = {137},
  journal   = {Energy},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.025},
  pages     = {715 -- 728},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BlankeDringVonteinetal.2018,
  author    = {Blanke, Tobias and Dring, Bernd and Vontein, Marius and Kuhnhenne, Markus},
  title     = {Climate Change Mitigation Potentials of Vertical Building Integrated Photovoltaic},
  series = {8th International Workshop on Integration of Solar Power into Power Systems : 16-17 October 2018, Stockholm, Sweden},
  booktitle = {8th International Workshop on Integration of Solar Power into Power Systems : 16-17 October 2018, Stockholm, Sweden},
  pages     = {1 -- 7},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SattlerRoegerSchwarzboezletal.2020,
  author    = {Sattler, Johannes, Christoph and R{\"o}ger, Marc and Schwarzb{\"o}zl, Peter and Buck, Reiner and Macke, Ansgar and Raeder, Christian and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim},
  title     = {Review of heliostat calibration and tracking control methods},
  series = {Solar Energy},
  volume    = {207},
  journal   = {Solar Energy},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.solener.2020.06.030},
  pages     = {110 -- 132},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Large scale central receiver systems typically deploy between thousands to more than a hundred thousand heliostats. During solar operation, each heliostat is aligned individually in such a way that the overall surface normal bisects the angle between the sun's position and the aim point coordinate on the receiver. Due to various tracking error sources, achieving accurate alignment ≤1 mrad for all the heliostats with respect to the aim points on the receiver without a calibration system can be regarded as unrealistic. Therefore, a calibration system is necessary not only to improve the aiming accuracy for achieving desired flux distributions but also to reduce or eliminate spillage. An overview of current larger-scale central receiver systems (CRS), tracking error sources and the basic requirements of an ideal calibration system is presented. Leading up to the main topic, a description of general and specific terms on the topics heliostat calibration and tracking control clarifies the terminology used in this work. Various figures illustrate the signal flows along various typical components as well as the corresponding monitoring or measuring devices that indicate or measure along the signal (or effect) chain. The numerous calibration systems are described in detail and classified in groups. Two tables allow the juxtaposition of the calibration methods for a better comparison. In an assessment, the advantages and disadvantages of individual calibration methods are presented.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ElMoussaouiTalbiAtmaneetal.2020,
  author    = {El Moussaoui, Noureddine and Talbi, Sofian and Atmane, Ilyas and Kassmi, Khalil and Schwarzer, Klemens and Chayeb, Hamid and Bachiri, Najib},
  title     = {Feasibility of a new design of a Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Cooker (PSTC)},
  series = {Solar Energy},
  volume    = {201},
  journal   = {Solar Energy},
  number    = {Vol. 201 (May 2020)},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0038-092X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.solener.2020.03.079},
  pages     = {866 -- 871},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {In this article, we describe the structure, the functioning, and the tests of parabolic trough solar thermal cooker (PSTC). This oven is designed to meet the needs of rural residents, including Urban, which requires stable cooking temperatures above 200 °C. The cooking by this cooker is based on the concentration of the sun's rays on a glass vacuum tube and heating of the oil circulate in a big tube, located inside the glass tube. Through two small tubes, associated with large tube, the heated oil, rise and heats the pot of cooking pot containing the food to be cooked (capacity of 5 kg). This cooker is designed in Germany and extensively tested in Morocco for use by the inhabitants who use wood from forests. During a sunny day, having a maximum solar radiation around 720 W/m2 and temperature ambient around 26 °C, maximum temperatures recorded of the small tube, the large tube and the center of the pot are respectively: 370 °C, 270 °C and 260 °C. The cooking process with food at high (fries, ..), we show that the cooking oil temperature rises to 200 °C, after 1 h of heating, the cooking is done at a temperature of 120 °C for 20 min. These temperatures are practically stable following variations and decreases in the intensity of irradiance during the day. The comparison of these results with those of the literature shows an improvement of 30-50 \% on the maximum value of the temperature with a heat storage that could reach 60 min of autonomy. All the results obtained show the good functioning of the PSTC and the feasibility of cooking food at high temperature (>200 °C).},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{HoffschmidtAlexopoulosRauetal.2021,
  author    = {Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Rau, Christoph and Sattler, Johannes, Christoph and Anthrakidis, Anette and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and O'Connor, B. and Caminos, R.A. Chico and Rend{\´o}n, C. and Hilger, P.},
  title     = {Concentrating Solar Power},
  series = {Earth systems and environmental sciences},
  booktitle = {Earth systems and environmental sciences},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {978-0-12-409548-9},
  doi       = {10.1016/B978-0-12-819727-1.00089-3},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The focus of this chapter is the production of power and the use of the heat produced from concentrated solar thermal power (CSP) systems. The chapter starts with the general theoretical principles of concentrating systems including the description of the concentration ratio, the energy and mass balance. The power conversion systems is the main part where solar-only operation and the increase in operational hours. Solar-only operation include the use of steam turbines, gas turbines, organic Rankine cycles and solar dishes. The operational hours can be increased with hybridization and with storage. Another important topic is the cogeneration where solar cooling, desalination and of heat usage is described. Many examples of commercial CSP power plants as well as research facilities from the past as well as current installed and in operation are described in detail. The chapter closes with economic and environmental aspects and with the future potential of the development of CSP around the world.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwagerFleschSchwarzboezletal.2022,
  author    = {Schwager, Christian and Flesch, Robert and Schwarzb{\"o}zl, Peter and Herrmann, Ulf and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e}},
  title     = {Advanced two phase flow model for transient molten salt receiver system simulation},
  series = {Solar Energy},
  volume    = {232},
  journal   = {Solar Energy},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0038-092X (print)},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.solener.2021.12.065},
  pages     = {362 -- 375},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In order to realistically predict and optimize the actual performance of a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant sophisticated simulation models and methods are required. This paper presents a detailed dynamic simulation model for a Molten Salt Solar Tower (MST) system, which is capable of simulating transient operation including detailed startup and shutdown procedures including drainage and refill. For appropriate representation of the transient behavior of the receiver as well as replication of local bulk and surface temperatures a discretized receiver model based on a novel homogeneous two-phase (2P) flow modelling approach is implemented in Modelica Dymola®. This allows for reasonable representation of the very different hydraulic and thermal properties of molten salt versus air as well as the transition between both. This dynamic 2P receiver model is embedded in a comprehensive one-dimensional model of a commercial scale MST system and coupled with a transient receiver flux density distribution from raytracing based heliostat field simulation. This enables for detailed process prediction with reasonable computational effort, while providing data such as local salt film and wall temperatures, realistic control behavior as well as net performance of the overall system. Besides a model description, this paper presents some results of a validation as well as the simulation of a complete startup procedure. Finally, a study on numerical simulation performance and grid dependencies is presented and discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{GedleSchmitzGielenetal.2022,
  author    = {Gedle, Yibekal and Schmitz, Mark and Gielen, Hans and Schmitz, Pascal and Herrmann, Ulf and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Mahdi, Zahra and Caminos, Ricardo Alexander Chico and Dersch, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Analysis of an integrated CSP-PV hybrid power plant},
  series = {SolarPACES 2020},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES 2020},
  number    = {2445 / 1},
  publisher = {AIP conference proceedings / American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville, NY},
  isbn      = {978-0-7354-4195-8},
  issn      = {1551-7616 (online)},
  doi       = {10.1063/5.0086236},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In the past, CSP and PV have been seen as competing technologies. Despite massive reductions in the electricity generation costs of CSP plants, PV power generation is - at least during sunshine hours - significantly cheaper. If electricity is required not only during the daytime, but around the clock, CSP with its inherent thermal energy storage gets an advantage in terms of LEC. There are a few examples of projects in which CSP plants and PV plants have been co-located, meaning that they feed into the same grid connection point and ideally optimize their operation strategy to yield an overall benefit. In the past eight years, TSK Flagsol has developed a plant concept, which merges both solar technologies into one highly Integrated CSP-PV-Hybrid (ICPH) power plant. Here, unlike in simply co-located concepts, as analyzed e.g. in [1] - [4], excess PV power that would have to be dumped is used in electric molten salt heaters to increase the storage temperature, improving storage and conversion efficiency. The authors demonstrate the electricity cost sensitivity to subsystem sizing for various market scenarios, and compare the resulting optimized ICPH plants with co-located hybrid plants. Independent of the three feed-in tariffs that have been assumed, the ICPH plant shows an electricity cost advantage of almost 20\% while maintaining a high degree of flexibility in power dispatch as it is characteristic for CSP power plants. As all components of such an innovative concept are well proven, the system is ready for commercial market implementation. A first project is already contracted and in early engineering execution.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MahdiDerschSchmitzetal.2022,
  author    = {Mahdi, Zahra and Dersch, J{\"u}rgen and Schmitz, Pascal and Dieckmann, Simon and Caminos, Ricardo Alexander Chico and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf and Schwager, Christian and Schmitz, Mark and Gielen, Hans and Gedle, Yibekal and B{\"u}scher, Rauno},
  title     = {Technical assessment of Brayton cycle heat pumps for the integration in hybrid PV-CSP power plants},
  series = {SOLARPACES 2020},
  booktitle = {SOLARPACES 2020},
  number    = {2445 / 1},
  publisher = {AIP conference proceedings / American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville, NY},
  isbn      = {978-0-7354-4195-8},
  issn      = {1551-7616 (online)},
  doi       = {10.1063/5.0086269},
  pages     = {11 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The hybridization of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) and Photovoltaics (PV) systems is a promising approach to reduce costs of solar power plants, while increasing dispatchability and flexibility of power generation. High temperature heat pumps (HT HP) can be utilized to boost the salt temperature in the thermal energy storage (TES) of a Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) system from 385 °C up to 565 °C. A PV field can supply the power for the HT HP, thus effectively storing the PV power as thermal energy. Besides cost-efficiently storing energy from the PV field, the power block efficiency of the overall system is improved due to the higher steam parameters. This paper presents a technical assessment of Brayton cycle heat pumps to be integrated in hybrid PV-CSP power plants. As a first step, a theoretical analysis was carried out to find the most suitable working fluid. The analysis included the fluids Air, Argon (Ar), Nitrogen (N2) and Carbon dioxide (CO2). N2 has been chosen as the optimal working fluid for the system. After the selection of the ideal working medium, different concepts for the arrangement of a HT HP in a PV-CSP hybrid power plant were developed and simulated in EBSILON®Professional. The concepts were evaluated technically by comparing the number of components required, pressure losses and coefficient of performance (COP).},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ZahraPhaniSrujanCaminosetal.2022,
  author    = {Zahra, Mahdi and Phani Srujan, Merige and Caminos, Ricardo Alexander Chico and Schmitz, Pascal and Herrmann, Ulf and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Schmitz, Mark and Gielen, Hans and Gedle, Yibekal and Dersch, J{\"u}rgen},
  title     = {Modeling the thermal behavior of solar salt in electrical resistance heaters for the application in PV-CSP hybrid power plants},
  series = {SOLARPACES 2020},
  booktitle = {SOLARPACES 2020},
  number    = {2445 / 1},
  publisher = {AIP conference proceedings / American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville, NY},
  isbn      = {978-0-7354-4195-8},
  issn      = {1551-7616 (online)},
  doi       = {10.1063/5.0086268},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) systems are able to store energy cost-effectively in their integrated thermal energy storage (TES). By intelligently combining Photovoltaics (PV) systems with CSP, a further cost reduction of solar power plants is expected, as well as an increase in dispatchability and flexibility of power generation. PV-powered Resistance Heaters (RH) can be deployed to raise the temperature of the molten salt hot storage from 385 °C up to 565 °C in a Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) plant. To avoid freezing and decomposition of molten salt, the temperature distribution in the electrical resistance heater is investigated in the present study. For this purpose, a RH has been modeled and CFD simulations have been performed. The simulation results show that the hottest regions occur on the electric rod surface behind the last baffle. A technical optimization was performed by adjusting three parameters: Shell-baffle clearance, electric rod-baffle clearance and number of baffles. After the technical optimization was carried out, the temperature difference between the maximum temperature and the average outlet temperature of the salt is within the acceptable limits, thus critical salt decomposition has been avoided. Additionally, the CFD simulations results were analyzed and compared with results obtained with a one-dimensional model in Modelica.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{CaminosSchmitzAttietal.2022,
  author    = {Caminos, Ricardo Alexander Chico and Schmitz, Pascal and Atti, Vikrama and Mahdi, Zahra and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Sattler, Johannes Christoph and Herrmann, Ulf and Hilger, Patrick and Dieckmann, Simon},
  title     = {Development of a micro heliostat and optical qualification assessment with a 3D laser scanning method},
  series = {SOLARPACES 2020},
  booktitle = {SOLARPACES 2020},
  number    = {2445 / 1},
  publisher = {AIP conference proceedings / American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville, NY},
  isbn      = {978-0-7354-4195-8},
  issn      = {1551-7616 (online)},
  doi       = {10.1063/5.0086262},
  pages     = {8 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The Solar-Institut J{\"u}lich (SIJ) and the companies Hilger GmbH and Heliokon GmbH from Germany have developed a small-scale cost-effective heliostat, called "micro heliostat". Micro heliostats can be deployed in small-scale concentrated solar power (CSP) plants to concentrate the sun's radiation for electricity generation, space or domestic water heating or industrial process heat. In contrast to conventional heliostats, the special feature of a micro heliostat is that it consists of dozens of parallel-moving, interconnected, rotatable mirror facets. The mirror facets array is fixed inside a box-shaped module and is protected from weathering and wind forces by a transparent glass cover. The choice of the building materials for the box, tracking mechanism and mirrors is largely dependent on the selected production process and the intended application of the micro heliostat. Special attention was paid to the material of the tracking mechanism as this has a direct influence on the accuracy of the micro heliostat. The choice of materials for the mirror support structure and the tracking mechanism is made in favor of plastic molded parts. A qualification assessment method has been developed by the SIJ in which a 3D laser scanner is used in combination with a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). For the validation of this assessment method, a single mirror facet was scanned and the slope deviation was computed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{NiederwestbergSchneiderTeixeiraBouraetal.2022,
  author    = {Niederwestberg, Stefan and Schneider, Falko and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Introduction to a direct irradiated transparent tube particle receiver},
  series = {SOLARPACES 2020},
  booktitle = {SOLARPACES 2020},
  number    = {2445 / 1},
  publisher = {AIP conference proceedings / American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville, NY},
  isbn      = {978-0-7354-4195-8},
  issn      = {1551-7616 (online)},
  doi       = {10.1063/5.0086735},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {New materials often lead to innovations and advantages in technical applications. This also applies to the particle receiver proposed in this work that deploys high-temperature and scratch resistant transparent ceramics. With this receiver design, particles are heated through direct-contact concentrated solar irradiance while flowing downwards through tubular transparent ceramics from top to bottom. In this paper, the developed particle receiver as well as advantages and disadvantages are described. Investigations on the particle heat-up characteristics from solar irradiance were carried out with DEM simulations which indicate that particle temperatures can reach up to 1200 K. Additionally, a simulation model was set up for investigating the dynamic behavior. A test receiver at laboratory scale has been designed and is currently being built. In upcoming tests, the receiver test rig will be used to validate the simulation results. The design and the measurement equipment is described in this work.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{NeumannAdamBackesetal.2021,
  author    = {Neumann, Hannah and Adam, Mario and Backes, Klaus and B{\"o}rner, Martin and Clees, Tanja and Doetsch, Christian and Glaeser, Susanne and Herrmann, Ulf and May, Johanna and Rosenthal, Florian and Sauer, Dirk Uwe and Stadler, Ingo},
  title     = {Development of open educational resources for renewable energy and the energy transition process},
  series = {ISES SWC 2021},
  booktitle = {ISES SWC 2021},
  publisher = {International Solar Energy Society},
  address   = {Freiburg},
  doi       = {10.18086/swc.2021.47.03},
  pages     = {6 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The dissemination of knowledge about renewable energies is understood as a social task with the highest topicality. The transfer of teaching content on renewable energies into digital open educational resources offers the opportunity to significantly accelerate the implementation of the energy transition. Thus, in the here presented project six German universities create open educational resources for the energy transition. These materials are available to the public on the internet under a free license. So far there has been no publicly accessible, editable media that cover entire learning units about renewable energies extensively and in high technical quality. Thus, in this project, the content that remains up-to-date for a longer period is appropriately prepared in terms of media didactics. The materials enable lecturers to provide students with in-depth training about technologies for the energy transition. In a particular way, the created material is also suitable for making the general public knowledgeable about the energy transition with scientifically based material.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SattlerSchneiderAngeleetal.2022,
  author    = {Sattler, Johannes Christoph and Schneider, Iesse Peer and Angele, Florian and Atti, Vikrama and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Development of heliostat field calibration methods: Theory and experimental test results},
  series = {SolarPACES conference proceedings},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES conference proceedings},
  number    = {Vol. 1},
  publisher = {TIB Open Publishing},
  address   = {Hannover},
  issn      = {2751-9899 (online)},
  doi       = {10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.678},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In this work, three patent pending calibration methods for heliostat fields of central receiver systems (CRS) developed by the Solar-Institut J{\"u}lich (SIJ) of the FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences are presented. The calibration methods can either operate in a combined mode or in stand-alone mode. The first calibration method, method A, foresees that a camera matrix is placed into the receiver plane where it is subjected to concentrated solar irradiance during a measurement process. The second calibration method, method B, uses an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a quadrocopter to automatically fly into the reflected solar irradiance cross-section of one or more heliostats (two variants of method B were tested). The third calibration method, method C, foresees a stereo central camera or multiple stereo cameras installed e.g. on the solar tower whereby the orientations of the heliostats are calculated from the location detection of spherical red markers attached to the heliostats. The most accurate method is method A which has a mean accuracy of 0.17 mrad. The mean accuracy of method B variant 1 is 1.36 mrad and of variant 2 is 1.73 mrad. Method C has a mean accuracy of 15.07 mrad. For method B there is great potential regarding improving the measurement accuracy. For method C the collected data was not sufficient for determining whether or not there is potential for improving the accuracy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SattlerAttiAlexopoulosetal.2022,
  author    = {Sattler, Johannes Christoph and Atti, Vikrama and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf and Dutta, Siddharth and Kioutsioukis, Ioannis},
  title     = {DNI forecast tool for the smart operation of a parabolic trough collector system with concrete thermal energy storage: Theory, results and outlook},
  series = {SolarPACES conference proceedings},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES conference proceedings},
  number    = {VOL. 1},
  publisher = {TIB Open Publishing},
  address   = {Hannover},
  issn      = {2751-9899 (online)},
  doi       = {10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.731},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This work presents a basic forecast tool for predicting direct normal irradiance (DNI) in hourly resolution, which the Solar-Institut J{\"u}lich (SIJ) is developing within a research project. The DNI forecast data shall be used for a parabolic trough collector (PTC) system with a concrete thermal energy storage (C-TES) located at the company KEAN Soft Drinks Ltd in Limassol, Cyprus. On a daily basis, 24-hour DNI prediction data in hourly resolution shall be automatically produced using free or very low-cost weather forecast data as input. The purpose of the DNI forecast tool is to automatically transfer the DNI forecast data on a daily basis to a main control unit (MCU). The MCU automatically makes a smart decision on the operation mode of the PTC system such as steam production mode and/or C-TES charging mode. The DNI forecast tool was evaluated using historical data of measured DNI from an on-site weather station, which was compared to the DNI forecast data. The DNI forecast tool was tested using data from 56 days between January and March 2022, which included days with a strong variation in DNI due to cloud passages. For the evaluation of the DNI forecast reliability, three categories were created and the forecast data was sorted accordingly. The result was that the DNI forecast tool has a reliability of 71.4 \% based on the tested days. The result fulfils SIJ's aim to achieve a reliability of around 70 \%, but SIJ aims to still improve the DNI forecast quality.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchwagerAngeleNourietal.2022,
  author    = {Schwager, Christian and Angele, Florian and Nouri, Bijan and Schwarzb{\"o}zl, Peter and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Impact of DNI forecast quality on performance prediction for a commercial scale solar tower: Application of nowcasting DNI maps to dynamic solar tower simulation},
  series = {SolarPACES conference proceedings},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES conference proceedings},
  number    = {Vol. 1},
  publisher = {TIB Open Publishing},
  address   = {Hannover},
  issn      = {2751-9899 (online)},
  doi       = {10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.675},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Concerning current efforts to improve operational efficiency and to lower overall costs of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants with prediction-based algorithms, this study investigates the quality and uncertainty of nowcasting data regarding the implications for process predictions. DNI (direct normal irradiation) maps from an all-sky imager-based nowcasting system are applied to a dynamic prediction model coupled with ray tracing. The results underline the need for high-resolution DNI maps in order to predict net yield and receiver outlet temperature realistically. Furthermore, based on a statistical uncertainty analysis, a correlation is developed, which allows for predicting the uncertainty of the net power prediction based on the corresponding DNI forecast uncertainty. However, the study reveals significant prediction errors and the demand for further improvement in the accuracy at which local shadings are forecasted.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchulteSchwagerFrantzetal.2022,
  author    = {Schulte, Jonas and Schwager, Christian and Frantz, Cathy and Schloms, Felix and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Control concept for a molten salt receiver in star design: Development, optimization and testing with cloud passage scenarios},
  series = {SolarPACES conference proceedings},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES conference proceedings},
  number    = {Vol. 1},
  publisher = {TIB Open Publishing},
  address   = {Hannover},
  issn      = {2751-9899 (online)},
  doi       = {10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.693},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {A promising approach to reduce the system costs of molten salt solar receivers is to enable the irradiation of the absorber tubes on both sides. The star design is an innovative receiver design, pursuing this approach. The unconventional design leads to new challenges in controlling the system. This paper presents a control concept for a molten salt receiver system in star design. The control parameters are optimized in a defined test cycle by minimizing a cost function. The control concept is tested in realistic cloud passage scenarios based on real weather data. During these tests, the control system showed no sign of unstable behavior, but to perform sufficiently in every scenario further research and development like integrating Model Predictive Controls (MPCs) need to be done. The presented concept is a starting point to do so.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{LahrsKrisamHerrmann2023,
  author    = {Lahrs, Lennart and Krisam, Pierre and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Envisioning a collaborative energy system planning platform for the energy transition at the district level},
  series = {The 36th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems},
  booktitle = {The 36th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems},
  publisher = {Procedings of ECOS 2023},
  doi       = {10.52202/069564-0284},
  pages     = {3163 -- 3170},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Residential and commercial buildings account for more than one-third of global energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Integrated multi-energy systems at the district level are a promising way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by exploiting economies of scale and synergies between energy sources. Planning district energy systems comes with many challenges in an ever-changing environment. Computational modelling established itself as the state-of-the-art method for district energy system planning. Unfortunately, it is still cumbersome to combine standalone models to generate insights that surpass their original purpose. Ideally, planning processes could be solved by using modular tools that easily incorporate the variety of competing and complementing computational models. Our contribution is a vision for a collaborative development and application platform for multi-energy system planning tools at the district level. We present challenges of district energy system planning identified in the literature and evaluate whether this platform can help to overcome these challenges. Further, we propose a toolkit that represents the core technical elements of the platform. Lastly, we discuss community management and its relevance for the success of projects with collaboration and knowledge sharing at their core.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchulteSchwagerNoureldinetal.2023,
  author    = {Schulte, Jonas and Schwager, Christian and Noureldin, Kareem and May, Martin and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Gradient controlled startup procedure of a molten-salt power-to-heat energy storage plant based on dynamic process simulation},
  series = {SolarPACES: Solar Power \& Chemical Energy Systems},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES: Solar Power \& Chemical Energy Systems},
  number    = {2815 / 1},
  publisher = {AIP conference proceedings / American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville, NY},
  isbn      = {978-0-7354-4623-6},
  issn      = {1551-7616 (online)},
  doi       = {10.1063/5.0148741},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The integration of high temperature thermal energy storages into existing conventional power plants can help to reduce the CO2 emissions of those plants and lead to lower capital expenditures for building energy storage systems, due to the use of synergy effects [1]. One possibility to implement that, is a molten salt storage system with a powerful power-to-heat unit. This paper presents two possible control concepts for the startup of the charging system of such a facility. The procedures are implemented in a detailed dynamic process model. The performance and safety regarding the film temperatures at heat transmitting surfaces are investigated in the process simulations. To improve the accuracy in predicting the film temperatures, CFD simulations of the electrical heater are carried out and the results are merged with the dynamic model. The results show that both investigated control concepts are safe regarding the temperature limits. The gradient controlled startup performed better than the temperature-controlled startup. Nevertheless, there are several uncertainties that need to be investigated further.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchwagerAngeleSchwarzboezletal.2023,
  author    = {Schwager, Christian and Angele, Florian and Schwarzb{\"o}zl, Peter and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Model predictive assistance for operational decision making in molten salt receiver systems},
  series = {SolarPACES: Solar Power \& Chemical Energy Systems},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES: Solar Power \& Chemical Energy Systems},
  number    = {2815 / 1},
  publisher = {AIP conference proceedings / American Institute of Physics},
  address   = {Melville, NY},
  isbn      = {978-0-7354-4623-6},
  issn      = {1551-7616 (online)},
  doi       = {10.1063/5.0151514},
  pages     = {8 Seiten},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Despite the challenges of pioneering molten salt towers (MST), it remains the leading technology in central receiver power plants today, thanks to cost effective storage integration and high cost reduction potential. The limited controllability in volatile solar conditions can cause significant losses, which are difficult to estimate without comprehensive modeling [1]. This paper presents a Methodology to generate predictions of the dynamic behavior of the receiver system as part of an operating assistance system (OAS). Based on this, it delivers proposals if and when to drain and refill the receiver during a cloudy period in order maximize the net yield and quantifies the amount of net electricity gained by this. After prior analysis with a detailed dynamic two-phase model of the entire receiver system, two different reduced modeling approaches where developed and implemented in the OAS. A tailored decision algorithm utilizes both models to deliver the desired predictions efficiently and with appropriate accuracy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RegerKuhnhenneEbbertetal.2020,
  author    = {Reger, Vitali and Kuhnhenne, Markus and Ebbert, Thiemo and Hachul, Helmut and Blanke, Tobias and D{\"o}ring, Bernd},
  title     = {Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien durch thermische Aktivierung von Komponenten aus Stahl},
  series = {Stahlbau},
  volume    = {2020},
  journal   = {Stahlbau},
  number    = {Volume 89, Issue 6512-519},
  publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {1437-1049},
  doi       = {10.1002/stab.202000031},
  pages     = {512 -- 519},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Die Versorgung von Neubauten soll m{\"o}glichst weitgehend unabh{\"a}ngig von fossilen Energietr{\"a}gern erfolgen. Erneuerbare Energien spielen daf{\"u}r eine gewichtige Rolle. Eine gute M{\"o}glichkeit, erneuerbare Energien ohne viel zus{\"a}tzlichen Aufwand nutzbar zu machen, ist, bereits vorhandenen Komponenten im Geb{\"a}ude zus{\"a}tzliche Funktionen zu geben. Hier kann bspw. die Fassade oder das Dach solarthermisch aktiviert oder durch Fotovoltaikmodule erg{\"a}nzt werden. Auch Tiefgr{\"u}ndungen k{\"o}nnen neben der statischen Funktion noch eine geothermische Funktion zur Aufnahme oder Abgabe von W{\"a}rme erhalten. Neben der Erzeugung bietet sich auch f{\"u}r die Verteilung der W{\"a}rme oder K{\"a}lte im Geb{\"a}ude die Integration in Bauteile an. Hier kann bspw. der Boden durch eine Fußbodenheizung oder die Decke durch Deckenstrahlplatten aktiviert werden. Im Rahmen der Ver{\"o}ffentlichung wird auf die thermische Aktivierung von Stahlkomponenten eingegangen. Es wird eine L{\"o}sung vorgestellt, die vorgeh{\"a}ngte hinterl{\"u}ftete Stahlfassade (VHF) solarthermisch zu aktivieren. Außerdem werden zwei M{\"o}glichkeiten zur geothermischen Aktivierung von Tiefgr{\"u}ndungen mittels Stahlpf{\"a}hlen gezeigt. Zuletzt wird ein System zur thermischen Aktivierung von Stahltrapezprofilen an der Decke erl{\"a}utert, welches W{\"a}rme zuf{\"u}hren oder bei Bedarf abf{\"u}hren kann.},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{LabischWaehlisch2020,
  author    = {Labisch, Susanna and W{\"a}hlisch, Georg},
  title     = {Technisches Zeichnen: Eigenst{\"a}ndig lernen und effektiv {\"u}ben},
  edition   = {6th ed.},
  publisher = {Springer Vieweg},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  isbn      = {978-3-658-30650-2 (E-Book)},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-658-30650-2},
  pages     = {Online-Ressource (XI, 296 S. 300 Abb., 81 Abb. in Farbe)},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{LabischWaehlisch2017,
  author    = {Labisch, Susanna and W{\"a}hlisch, Georg},
  title     = {Technisches Zeichnen: Eigenst{\"a}ndig lernen und effektiv {\"u}ben},
  edition   = {5. {\"u}berarbeitete Auflage},
  publisher = {Springer Vieweg},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  isbn      = {978-3-658-18312-7},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-658-18313-4},
  pages     = {XI, 300 Seiten ; Illustrationen},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{FrantzBinderBuschetal.2020,
  author    = {Frantz, Cathy and Binder, Matthias and Busch, Konrad and Ebert, Miriam and Heinrich, Andreas and Kaczmarkiewicz, Nadine and Schl{\"o}gl-Knothe, B{\"a}rbel and Kunze, Tobias and Schuhbauer, Christian and Stetka, Markus and Schwager, Christian and Spiegel, Michael and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Bauer, Thomas and Bonk, Alexander and Eisen, Stefan and Funck, Bernhard},
  title     = {Basic Engineering of a High Performance Molten Salt Tower Receiver System},
  series = {Solar Paces 2020},
  booktitle = {Solar Paces 2020},
  pages     = {1 -- 10},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {en}
}