@article{KezerashviliDachwald2021,
  author    = {Kezerashvili, Roman Ya and Dachwald, Bernd},
  title     = {Preface: Solar sailing: Concepts, technology, and missions II},
  series = {Advances in Space Research},
  volume    = {67},
  journal   = {Advances in Space Research},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0273-1177},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.asr.2021.01.037},
  pages     = {2559 -- 2560},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SpietzSproewitzSeefeldtetal.2021,
  author    = {Spietz, Peter and Spr{\"o}witz, Tom and Seefeldt, Patric and Grundmann, Jan Thimo and Jahnke, Rico and Mikschl, Tobias and Mikulz, Eugen and Montenegro, Sergio and Reershemius, Siebo and Renger, Thomas and Ruffer, Michael and Sasaki, Kaname and Sznajder, Maciej and T{\´o}th, Norbert and Ceriotti, Matteo and Dachwald, Bernd and Macdonald, Malcolm and McInnes, Colin and Seboldt, Wolfgang and Quantius, Dominik and Bauer, Waldemar and Wiedemann, Carsten and Grimm, Christian D. and Hercik, David and Ho, Tra-Mi and Lange, Caroline and Schmitz, Nicole},
  title     = {Paths not taken - The Gossamer roadmap's other options},
  series = {Advances in Space Research},
  volume    = {67},
  journal   = {Advances in Space Research},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0273-1177},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.asr.2021.01.044},
  pages     = {2912 -- 2956},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AkimbekovDigelAbdievaetal.2021,
  author    = {Akimbekov, Nuraly S. and Digel, Ilya and Abdieva, Gulzhamal and Ualieva, Perizat and Tastambek, Kuanysh},
  title     = {Lignite biosolubilization and bioconversion by Bacillus sp.: the collation of analytical data},
  series = {Biofuels},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Biofuels},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1759-7277},
  pages     = {247 -- 258},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The vast metabolic potential of microbes in brown coal (lignite) processing and utilization can greatly contribute to innovative approaches to sustainable production of high-value products from coal. In this study, the multi-faceted and complex coal biosolubilization process by Bacillus sp. RKB 7 isolate from the Kazakhstan coal-mining soil is reported, and the derived products are characterized. Lignite solubilization tests performed for surface and suspension cultures testify to the formation of numerous soluble lignite-derived substances. Almost 24\% of crude lignite (5\% w/v) was solubilized within 14 days under slightly alkaline conditions (pH 8.2). FTIR analysis revealed various functional groups in the obtained biosolubilization products. Analyses of the lignite-derived humic products by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectrometry as well as elemental analysis yielded compatible results indicating the emerging products had a lower molecular weight and degree of aromaticity. Furthermore, XRD and SEM analyses were used to evaluate the biosolubilization processes from mineralogical and microscopic points of view. The findings not only contribute to a deeper understanding of microbe-mineral interactions in coal environments, but also contribute to knowledge of coal biosolubilization and bioconversion with regard to sustainable production of humic substances. The detailed and comprehensive analyses demonstrate the huge biotechnological potential of Bacillus sp. for agricultural productivity and environmental health.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HeiligersSchoutetensDachwald2021,
  author    = {Heiligers, Jeannette and Schoutetens, Frederic and Dachwald, Bernd},
  title     = {Photon-sail equilibria in the alpha centauri system},
  series = {Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics},
  number    = {5},
  issn      = {1533-3884},
  doi       = {10.2514/1.G005446},
  pages     = {1053 -- 1061},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Bung2021,
  author    = {Bung, Daniel Bernhard},
  title     = {Extreme flooding in Western Germany: some thoughts on hazards, return periods and risk},
  series = {Hydrolink},
  journal   = {Hydrolink},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR)},
  address   = {Madrid},
  pages     = {108 -- 113},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The low-pressure system Bernd involved extreme rainfalls in the Western part of Germany in July 2021, resulting in major floods, severe damages and a tremendous number of casualties. Such extreme events are rare and full flood protection can never be ensured with reasonable financial means. But still, this event must be starting point to reconsider current design concepts. This article aims at sharing some thoughts on potential hazards, the selection of return periods and remaining risk with the focus on Germany.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Golland2021,
  author    = {Golland, Alexander},
  title     = {Cookies \& Co. - trotz neuem Gesetz alte Probleme f{\"u}r Website-Betreiber. Anpassung des deutschen Rechts durch das TTDSG an unionsrechtliche Vorgaben zum 1.12.2021},
  series = {NWB Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht},
  volume    = {2021},
  journal   = {NWB Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht},
  number    = {25},
  publisher = {NWB-Verlag},
  address   = {Herne},
  issn      = {0028-3460},
  pages     = {1818 -- 1825},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Golland2021,
  author    = {Golland, Alexander},
  title     = {Neuregelungen zum Datenschutz: Ein Update f{\"u}r Website-Betreiber. Reform des Telekommunikations- und Telemedienrechts verabschiedet},
  series = {NWB Rechnungswesen - BBK},
  journal   = {NWB Rechnungswesen - BBK},
  number    = {14},
  isbn      = {0340-9848},
  pages     = {672 -- 674},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GoettenHavermannBraunetal.2021,
  author    = {G{\"o}tten, Falk and Havermann, Marc and Braun, Carsten and Marino, Matthew and Bil, Cees},
  title     = {Aerodynamic Investigations of UAV Sensor Turrets - A Combined Wind-tunnel and CFD Approach},
  series = {SciTech 2021, AIAA SciTech Forum, online, WW, Jan 11-15, 2021},
  journal   = {SciTech 2021, AIAA SciTech Forum, online, WW, Jan 11-15, 2021},
  publisher = {AIAA},
  address   = {Reston, Va.},
  doi       = {10.2514/6.2021-1535},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HunkerGossmannRamanetal.2021,
  author    = {Hunker, Jan L. and Gossmann, Matthias and Raman, Aravind Hariharan and Linder, Peter},
  title     = {Artificial neural networks in cardiac safety assessment: Classification of chemotherapeutic compound effects on hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte contractility},
  series = {Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods},
  volume    = {111},
  journal   = {Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods},
  number    = {Article number 107044},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1056-8719},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107044},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Golland2021,
  author    = {Golland, Alexander},
  title     = {Bußgelder wegen Datenschutzverst{\"o}ßen - Vermeidung und Verteidigung. Deutsche Aufsichtsbeh{\"o}rden setzen seit vergangenem Jahr zunehmend auf Sanktion},
  series = {NWB Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht},
  volume    = {36},
  journal   = {NWB Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht},
  publisher = {NWB-Verlag},
  address   = {Herne},
  isbn      = {0028-3460},
  pages     = {2678 -- 2687},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ErpicumCrookstonBombardellietal.2021,
  author    = {Erpicum, Sebastien and Crookston, Brian M. and Bombardelli, Fabian and Bung, Daniel Bernhard and Felder, Stefan and Mulligan, Sean and Oertel, Mario and Palermo, Michele},
  title     = {Hydraulic structures engineering: An evolving science in a changing world},
  series = {Wires Water},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Wires Water},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {2049-1948},
  doi       = {10.1002/wat2.1505},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ButenwegBursiPaolaccietal.2021,
  author    = {Butenweg, Christoph and Bursi, Oreste S. and Paolacci, Fabrizio and Marinković, Marko and Lanese, Igor and Nardin, Chiara and Quinci, Gianluca},
  title     = {Seismic performance of an industrial multi-storey frame structure with process equipment subjected to shake table testing},
  series = {Engineering Structures},
  volume    = {243},
  journal   = {Engineering Structures},
  number    = {15},
  editor    = {Yang, J.},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0141-0296},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112681},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Past earthquakes demonstrated the high vulnerability of industrial facilities equipped with complex process technologies leading to serious damage of process equipment and multiple and simultaneous release of hazardous substances. Nonetheless, current standards for seismic design of industrial facilities are considered inadequate to guarantee proper safety conditions against exceptional events entailing loss of containment and related consequences. On these premises, the SPIF project -Seismic Performance of Multi-Component Systems in Special Risk Industrial Facilities- was proposed within the framework of the European H2020 SERA funding scheme. In detail, the objective of the SPIF project is the investigation of the seismic behaviour of a representative industrial multi-storey frame structure equipped with complex process components by means of shaking table tests. Along this main vein and in a performance-based design perspective, the issues investigated in depth are the interaction between a primary moment resisting frame (MRF) steel structure and secondary process components that influence the performance of the whole system; and a proper check of floor spectra predictions. The evaluation of experimental data clearly shows a favourable performance of the MRF structure, some weaknesses of local details due to the interaction between floor crossbeams and process components and, finally, the overconservatism of current design standards w.r.t. floor spectra predictions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HacklNacovKammerlohretal.2021,
  author    = {Hackl, Michael and Nacov, Julia and Kammerlohr, Sandra and Staat, Manfred and Buess, Eduard and Leschinger, Tim and M{\"u}ller, Lars P. and Wegmann, Kilian},
  title     = {Intratendinous Strain Variations of the Supraspinatus Tendon Depending on Repair Technique: A Biomechanical Analysis Regarding the Cause of Medial Cuff Failure},
  series = {The American Journal of Sports Medicine},
  volume    = {49},
  journal   = {The American Journal of Sports Medicine},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Sage},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1552-3365},
  doi       = {10.1177/03635465211006138},
  pages     = {1847 -- 1853},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TranStaat2021,
  author    = {Tran, Ngoc Trinh and Staat, Manfred},
  title     = {Direct plastic structural design under random strength and random load by chance constrained programming},
  series = {European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids},
  volume    = {85},
  journal   = {European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids},
  number    = {Article 104106},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0997-7538},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.euromechsol.2020.104106},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BlankeRegerDoeringetal.2021,
  author    = {Blanke, Tobias and Reger, Vitali and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Kuhnhenne, Markus},
  title     = {Koaxiale Stahlenergiepf{\"a}hle},
  series = {Stahlbau},
  volume    = {90. 2021},
  journal   = {Stahlbau},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  pages     = {417 -- 424},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Ein entscheidender Teil der Energiewende ist die W{\"a}rmewende im Geb{\"a}udesektor. Ein Schl{\"u}sselelement sind hier W{\"a}rmepumpen. Diese ben{\"o}tigen eine W{\"a}rmequelle, der sie Energie entziehen k{\"o}nnen, um sie auf ein h{\"o}heres Temperaturniveau zu transformieren. Diese W{\"a}rmequelle kann bspw. das Erdreich sein, dessen W{\"a}rme durch Erdsonden erschlossen werden kann. In diesem Beitrag werden in Stahlpf{\"a}hle integrierte Koaxialsonden mit dem Stand der Technik von Erdsonden gleichen Durchmessers bez{\"u}glich ihrer thermischen Leistungsmerkmale verglichen. Die Stahlenergiepf{\"a}hle bieten neben der W{\"a}rmegewinnung weitere Vorteile, da sie auch eine statische Funktion {\"u}bernehmen und r{\"u}ckstandsfrei zur{\"u}ckgebaut werden k{\"o}nnen. Es werden analytische und numerische Berechnungen vorgestellt, um die thermischen Potenziale beider Systeme zu vergleichen. Außerdem wird ein Testaufbau gezeigt, bei dem Stahlenergiepf{\"a}hle in zwei verschiedenen L{\"a}ngen mit vorhandenen g{\"a}ngigen Erdsonden verglichen werden k{\"o}nnen. Die Berechnungen zeigen einen deutlichen thermischen Mehrertrag zwischen 26 \% und 148 \% der Stahlenergiepf{\"a}hle gegen{\"u}ber dem Stand der Technik abh{\"a}ngig vom Erdreich. Die Messergebnisse zeigen einen thermischen Mehrertrag von {\"u}ber 100 \%. Es l{\"a}sst sich also signifikante Erdsondenl{\"a}nge einsparen. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass sich damit der thermisch genutzte Bereich des Erdreichs reduziert, wodurch die thermische Regeneration und/oder das Langzeitverhalten des Erdreichs an Bedeutung gewinnt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{FaganBitzBjoerkmanBurtscheretal.2021,
  author    = {Fagan, Andrew J. and Bitz, Andreas and Bj{\"o}rkman-Burtscher, Isabella M. and Collins, Christopher M. and Kimbrell, Vera and Raaijmakers, Alexander J. E.},
  title     = {7T MR Safety},
  series = {Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (JMRI)},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (JMRI)},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1522-2586},
  doi       = {10.1002/jmri.27319},
  pages     = {333 -- 346},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MeyerGranrathFeyerletal.2021,
  author    = {Meyer, Max-Arno and Granrath, Christian and Feyerl, G{\"u}nter and Richenhagen, Johannes and Kaths, Jakob and Andert, Jakob},
  title     = {Closed-loop platoon simulation with cooperative intelligent transportation systems based on vehicle-to-X communication},
  series = {Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory},
  volume    = {106},
  journal   = {Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory},
  number    = {Art. 102173},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1569-190X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.simpat.2020.102173},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SerrorHackHenzeetal.2021,
  author    = {Serror, Martin and Hack, Sacha and Henze, Martin and Schuba, Marko and Wehrle, Klaus},
  title     = {Challenges and Opportunities in Securing the Industrial Internet of Things},
  series = {IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {1941-0050},
  doi       = {10.1109/TII.2020.3023507},
  pages     = {2985 -- 2996},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BerneckerBoyerGathmann2021,
  author    = {Bernecker, Andreas and Boyer, Pierre C. and Gathmann, Christina},
  title     = {The Role of Electoral Incentives for Policy Innovation: Evidence from the US Welfare Reform},
  series = {American Economic Journal: Economic Policy},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {American Economic Journal: Economic Policy},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {American Economic Association},
  address   = {Nashville, Tenn.},
  issn      = {1945-774X},
  doi       = {10.1257/pol.20190690},
  pages     = {26 -- 57},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TranEbeling2021,
  author    = {Tran, Duc Hung and Ebeling, Felix},
  title     = {Die risikoad{\"a}quate Bestimmung von Eigenkapitalkosten bei konzerninternen Routinefunktionen},
  series = {Der Betrieb},
  volume    = {74},
  journal   = {Der Betrieb},
  number    = {29},
  issn      = {0005-9935},
  pages     = {1553 -- 1560},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Eigenkapitalkosten sind eine wesentliche Determinante bei der Wertbestimmung von Unternehmen und Unternehmensteilen. Die Eigenkapitalkosten werden regelm{\"a}ßig mittels des CAPM bestimmt. F{\"u}r sog. konzerninterne Routinefunktionen mit geringem Risiko stellt diese Bestimmung mittels CAPM ein Problem dar, da b{\"o}rsennotierte Peergroups f{\"u}r eine zuverl{\"a}ssige Bestimmung des Beta-Faktors meist nicht identifizierbar sind. Damit ergeben sich bei Bewertungen von Routineunternehmen Unsicherheiten und Konfliktpotenzial in steuerlichen Betriebspr{\"u}fungen. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen {\"U}berblick der in der Praxis genutzten Ans{\"a}tze und stellt eine theoretische Fundierung zur Bestimmung der Eigenkapitalkosten von konzerninternen Routinefunktionen vor. Dabei wird verdeutlicht, dass Eigenkapitalkosten von konzerninternen Routinefunktionen nicht denen des Gesamtkonzerns entsprechen und Praktikerans{\"a}tze eine grunds{\"a}tzliche Berechtigung besitzen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HugenrothBorchardtRitteretal.2021,
  author    = {Hugenroth, Kristin and Borchardt, Ralf and Ritter, Philine and Groß‑Hardt, Sascha and Meyns, Bart and Verbelen, Tom and Steinseifer, Ulrich and Kaufmann, Tim A. S. and Engelmann, Ulrich M.},
  title     = {Optimizing cerebral perfusion and hemodynamics during cardiopulmonary bypass through cannula design combining in silico, in vitro and in vivo input},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {Art. No. 16800},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {2045-2322},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41598-021-96397-2},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a standard technique for cardiac surgery, but comes with the risk of severe neurological complications (e.g. stroke) caused by embolisms and/or reduced cerebral perfusion. We report on an aortic cannula prototype design (optiCAN) with helical outflow and jet-splitting dispersion tip that could reduce the risk of embolic events and restores cerebral perfusion to 97.5\% of physiological flow during CPB in vivo, whereas a commercial curved-tip cannula yields 74.6\%. In further in vitro comparison, pressure loss and hemolysis parameters of optiCAN remain unaffected. Results are reproducibly confirmed in silico for an exemplary human aortic anatomy via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Based on CFD simulations, we firstly show that optiCAN design improves aortic root washout, which reduces the risk of thromboembolism. Secondly, we identify regions of the aortic intima with increased risk of plaque release by correlating areas of enhanced plaque growth and high wall shear stresses (WSS). From this we propose another easy-to-manufacture cannula design (opti2CAN) that decreases areas burdened by high WSS, while preserving physiological cerebral flow and favorable hemodynamics. With this novel cannula design, we propose a cannulation option to reduce neurological complications and the prevalence of stroke in high-risk patients after CPB.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BrockhausBehbahaniMurisetal.2021,
  author    = {Brockhaus, Moritz K. and Behbahani, Mehdi and Muris, Farina and Jansen, Sebastian V. and Schmitz- Rode, Thomas and Steinseifer, Ulrich and Clauser, Johanna C.},
  title     = {In vitro thrombogenicity testing of pulsatile mechanical circulatory support systems: Design and proof-of-concept},
  series = {Artificial Organs},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Artificial Organs},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1525-1594},
  doi       = {10.1111/aor.14046},
  pages     = {1513 -- 1521},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Thrombogenic complications are a main issue in mechanical circulatory support (MCS). There is no validated in vitro method available to quantitatively assess the thrombogenic performance of pulsatile MCS devices under realistic hemodynamic conditions. The aim of this study is to propose a method to evaluate the thrombogenic potential of new designs without the use of complex in-vivo trials. This study presents a novel in vitro method for reproducible thrombogenicity testing of pulsatile MCS systems using low molecular weight heparinized porcine blood. Blood parameters are continuously measured with full blood thromboelastometry (ROTEM; EXTEM, FIBTEM and a custom-made analysis HEPNATEM). Thrombus formation is optically observed after four hours of testing. The results of three experiments are presented each with two parallel loops. The area of thrombus formation inside the MCS device was reproducible. The implantation of a filter inside the loop catches embolizing thrombi without a measurable increase of platelet activation, allowing conclusions of the place of origin of thrombi inside the device. EXTEM and FIBTEM parameters such as clotting velocity (α) and maximum clot firmness (MCF) show a total decrease by around 6\% with a characteristic kink after 180 minutes. HEPNATEM α and MCF rise within the first 180 minutes indicate a continuously increasing activation level of coagulation. After 180 minutes, the consumption of clotting factors prevails, resulting in a decrease of α and MCF. With the designed mock loop and the presented protocol we are able to identify thrombogenic hot spots inside a pulsatile pump and characterize their thrombogenic potential.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LeiseEsserEichenlaubetal.2021,
  author    = {Leise, Philipp and Eßer, Arved and Eichenlaub, Tobias and Schleiffer, Jean-Eric and Altherr, Lena and Rinderknecht, Stephan and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Sustainable system design of electric powertrains - comparison of optimization methods},
  series = {Engineering Optimization},
  journal   = {Engineering Optimization},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0305-215X},
  doi       = {10.1080/0305215X.2021.1928660},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The transition within transportation towards battery electric vehicles can lead to a more sustainable future. To account for the development goal 'climate action' stated by the United Nations, it is mandatory, within the conceptual design phase, to derive energy-efficient system designs. One barrier is the uncertainty of the driving behaviour within the usage phase. This uncertainty is often addressed by using a stochastic synthesis process to derive representative driving cycles and by using cycle-based optimization. To deal with this uncertainty, a new approach based on a stochastic optimization program is presented. This leads to an optimization model that is solved with an exact solver. It is compared to a system design approach based on driving cycles and a genetic algorithm solver. Both approaches are applied to find efficient electric powertrains with fixed-speed and multi-speed transmissions. Hence, the similarities, differences and respective advantages of each optimization procedure are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GrundlachBaumannEngelmann2021,
  author    = {Grundlach, Michael and Baumann, Martin and Engelmann, Ulrich M.},
  title     = {How Multimodal Examinations Can Increase Sustainable Student Gain by Aligning Teaching and Assessment},
  series = {Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering},
  number    = {7/2},
  editor    = {D{\"o}ssel, Olaf},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {2364-5504},
  doi       = {10.1515/cdbme-2021-2019},
  pages     = {73 -- 76},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Modern industry and multi-discipline projects require highly trained individuals with resilient science and engineering back-grounds. Graduates must be able to agilely apply excellent theoretical knowledge in their subject matter as well as essential practical "hands-on" knowledge of diverse working processes to solve complex problems. To meet these demands, university education follows the concept of Constructive Alignment and thus increasingly adopts the teaching of necessary practical skills to the actual industry requirements and assessment routines. However, a systematic approach to coherently align these three central teaching demands is strangely absent from current university curricula. We demonstrate the feasibility of implementing practical assessments in a regular theory-based examination, thus defining the term "blended assessment". We assessed a course for natural science and engineering students pursuing a career in biomedical engineering, and evaluated the benefit of blended assessment exams for students and lecturers. Our controlled study assessed the physiological background of electrocardiograms (ECGs), the practical measurement of ECG curves, and their interpretation of basic pathologic alterations. To study on long time effects, students have been assessed on the topic twice with a time lag of 6 months. Our findings suggest a significant improvement in student gain with respect to practical skills and theoretical knowledge. The results of the reassessments support these outcomes. From the lecturers' point of view, blended assessment complements practical training courses while keeping organizational effort manageable. We consider blended assessment a viable tool for providing an improved student gain, industry-ready education format that should be evaluated and established further to prepare university graduates optimally for their future careers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Olbertz2021,
  author    = {Olbertz, Klaus},
  title     = {Die Dienstreisezeit als Arbeitszeit - oder doch nicht? : Zur arbeitgeberfreundlichen Bewertung von Dienstreisezeiten durch das Bundesarbeitsgericht},
  series = {NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht},
  journal   = {NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {0028-3460},
  pages     = {38 -- 44},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Der arbeitsrechtlich richtige Umgang mit Zeiten einer Dienstreise kann in der betrieblichen Praxis Probleme bereiten. Ob die Reisezeiten als solche Arbeitszeit i. S. des Arbeitszeitgesetzes (ArbZG ) darstellen, also bspw. auf die t{\"a}gliche H{\"o}chstarbeitszeit angerechnet werden m{\"u}ssen oder nicht, ist oftmals genauso unklar wie die Frage, ob und inwieweit Reisezeiten verg{\"u}tungspflichtig sind. Aber auch, ob ein Arbeitnehmer {\"u}berhaupt zur Durchf{\"u}hrung einer Dienstreise verpflichtet werden kann, ist ein m{\"o}glicher Anlass von Streitigkeiten zwischen den Arbeitsvertragsparteien, wie verschiedene Gerichtsentscheidungen zeigen. Der nachfolgende Beitrag beantwortet die aufgeworfenen Fragen und gibt hierzu einen praxisorientierten {\"U}berblick.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HeinkeKnickerAlbracht2021,
  author    = {Heinke, Lars N. and Knicker, Axel J. and Albracht, Kirsten},
  title     = {Test-retest reliability of the internal shoulder rotator muscles' stretch reflex in healthy men},
  series = {Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology},
  volume    = {62},
  journal   = {Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology},
  number    = {Article 102611},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1050-6411},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102611},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Until now the reproducibility of the short latency stretch reflex of the internal rotator muscles of the glenohumeral joint has not been identified. Twenty-three healthy male participants performed three sets of external shoulder rotation stretches with various pre-activation levels on two different dates of measurement to assess test-retest reliability. All stretches were applied with a dynamometer acceleration of 104°/s2 and a velocity of 150°/s. Electromyographical response was measured via surface EMG. Reflex latencies showed a pre-activation effect (ƞ2 = 0,355). ICC ranged from 0,735 to 0,909 indicating an overall "good" relative reliability. SRD 95\% lay between ±7,0 to ±12,3 ms.. The reflex gain showed overall poor test-retest reproducibility. The chosen methodological approach presented a suitable test protocol for shoulder muscles stretch reflex latency evaluation. A proof-of-concept study to validate the presented methodical approach in shoulder involvement including subjects with clinically relevant conditions is recommended.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Timme2021,
  author    = {Timme, Michael},
  title     = {Rechtsprechungs{\"u}bersicht zum Wohnraummietrecht},
  series = {Monatsschrift f{\"u}r Deutsches Recht},
  volume    = {75},
  journal   = {Monatsschrift f{\"u}r Deutsches Recht},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Verlag Dr. Otto Schmidt},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  issn      = {2194-4202},
  doi       = {10.9785/mdtr-2021-750113},
  pages     = {6 -- 11},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ZabirovSchleserBucherer2021,
  author    = {Zabirov, Alexander and Schleser, Markus and Bucherer, Sebastian},
  title     = {F{\"u}ge- und Dichtkonzept f{\"u}r einen Leichtbauverbrennungsmotor},
  series = {adh{\"a}sion KLEBEN \& DICHTEN},
  volume    = {65},
  journal   = {adh{\"a}sion KLEBEN \& DICHTEN},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {Cham},
  issn      = {2192-8681},
  doi       = {10.1007/s35145-021-0531-5},
  pages     = {12 -- 19},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Olbertz2021,
  author    = {Olbertz, Klaus},
  title     = {Wichtige arbeitsrechtliche Entwicklungen im Jahr 2020 : Der Jahresr{\"u}ckblick auf alles Wissenswerte im Arbeitsrecht des vergangenen Jahres},
  series = {NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht},
  journal   = {NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht},
  number    = {10},
  issn      = {0028-3460},
  pages     = {703 -- 715},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Im Anschluss an die arbeitsrechtlichen Jahres{\"u}bersichten der vergangenen Jahre (NWB 5/2019 S. 266; NWB 8/2020 S. 557) gibt der nachfolgende Beitrag einen {\"U}berblick {\"u}ber relevante Entwicklungen im Arbeitsrecht des Jahres 2020. Der erste Teil besch{\"a}ftigt sich hierbei mit gesetzlichen {\"A}nderungen. Neben Regelungen, die auf die COVID-19-Pandemie zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt werden k{\"o}nnen, hat der Gesetzgeber auch andere Vorhaben umgesetzt. So wurde u. a. das Arbeitnehmerentsenderecht reformiert. F{\"u}r Diskussionen sorgt(e) zudem das Gesetzesvorhaben zur Regelung mobiler Arbeit. Im zweiten Teil werden f{\"u}r die Praxis wichtige h{\"o}chstrichterliche Gerichtsentscheidungen zum Arbeitsrecht erl{\"a}utert, alphabetisch sortiert von A (wie Antidiskriminierungsrecht) bis U (wie Urlaub).},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Olbertz2021,
  author    = {Olbertz, Klaus},
  title     = {Die Flexibilisierung von Arbeitszeit durch den Abruf von Arbeit : M{\"o}glichkeiten und Grenzen arbeitsvertraglicher Gestaltung zur Vermeidung von „Leerlaufzeiten"},
  series = {NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht},
  journal   = {NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht},
  number    = {15},
  issn      = {0028-3460},
  pages     = {1055 -- 1063},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Die Arbeitswelt ist im Umbruch. Der Bedarf an flexiblen Arbeitszeitmodellen nimmt stetig zu, wobei die Corona-Pandemie dieses Bed{\"u}rfnis nochmals versch{\"a}rft hat. Gerade auch in kleineren und mittleren Unternehmen w{\"a}chst die Notwendigkeit, den Einsatz der Besch{\"a}ftigten m{\"o}glichst bedarfsgerecht zu steuern, also bei guter Auftragslage mehr Arbeitszeit abzurufen und bei ausbleibenden Auftr{\"a}gen die Arbeitszeit zu reduzieren und somit bezahlte „Leerlaufzeiten" zu vermeiden. Der Gesetzgeber stellt den Arbeitgebern hierf{\"u}r das Instrument der sog. Abrufarbeit ( \S 12 Teilzeit- und Befristungsgesetz - TzBfG ) zur Verf{\"u}gung. In dem nachfolgenden Beitrag werden M{\"o}glichkeiten und Grenzen der Abrufarbeit skizziert und konkrete arbeitsvertragliche Gestaltungsm{\"o}glichkeiten aufgezeigt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Olbertz2021,
  author    = {Olbertz, Klaus},
  title     = {Vertragsgestaltungen bei der Besch{\"a}ftigung von Rentnern in Unternehmen : (Befristete) Besch{\"a}ftigungsverh{\"a}ltnisse als sinnvolles Instrument zum Schließen von Personall{\"u}cken},
  series = {NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht},
  journal   = {NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht},
  number    = {25},
  issn      = {0028-3460},
  pages     = {1810 -- 1817},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BraunChengDoweyetal.2021,
  author    = {Braun, Sebastian and Cheng, Chi-Tsun and Dowey, Steve and Wollert, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Performance evaluation of skill-based order-assignment in production environments with multi-agent systems},
  series = {IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics},
  journal   = {IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics},
  number    = {Early Access},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {2687-9735},
  doi       = {10.1109/JESTIE.2021.3108524},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The fourth industrial revolution introduces disruptive technologies to production environments. One of these technologies are multi-agent systems (MASs), where agents virtualize machines. However, the agent's actual performances in production environments can hardly be estimated as most research has been focusing on isolated projects and specific scenarios. We address this gap by implementing a highly connected and configurable reference model with quantifiable key performance indicators (KPIs) for production scheduling and routing in single-piece workflows. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm to optimize the search of extrema in highly connected distributed systems. The benefits, limits, and drawbacks of MASs and their performances are evaluated extensively by event-based simulations against the introduced model, which acts as a benchmark. Even though the performance of the proposed MAS is, on average, slightly lower than the reference system, the increased flexibility allows it to find new solutions and deliver improved factory-planning outcomes. Our MAS shows an emerging behavior by using flexible production techniques to correct errors and compensate for bottlenecks. This increased flexibility offers substantial improvement potential. The general model in this paper allows the transfer of the results to estimate real systems or other models.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MolinnusDrinicIkenetal.2021,
  author    = {Molinnus, Denise and Drinic, Aleksander and Iken, Heiko and Kr{\"o}ger, Nadja and Zinser, Max and Smeets, Ralf and K{\"o}pf, Marius and Kopp, Alexander and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Towards a flexible electrochemical biosensor fabricated from biocompatible Bombyx mori silk},
  series = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics},
  volume    = {183},
  journal   = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics},
  number    = {Art. 113204},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0956-5663},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.bios.2021.113204},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Fissabre2021,
  author    = {Fissabre, Anke},
  title     = {Ein pazifistisches Kriegerdenkmal der Moderne. Das Totenkreuz von Rudolf Schwarz},
  series = {In situ: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Architekturgeschichte},
  journal   = {In situ: Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Architekturgeschichte},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft},
  address   = {Worms},
  issn      = {1866-959X},
  pages     = {127 -- 138},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{HennesLaumann2021,
  author    = {Hennes, Philipp and Laumann, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Ansatz der Drehbehinderung aus Koppelpfetten mit d{\"u}nnwandigen kaltgeformten Z-Profilen},
  series = {Stahlbau},
  volume    = {90},
  journal   = {Stahlbau},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {1437-1049},
  doi       = {10.1002/stab.202000104},
  pages     = {158 -- 168},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{YoshinobuSchoening2021,
  author    = {Yoshinobu, Tatsuo and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Light-addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS) for cell monitoring and biosensing},
  series = {Current Opinion in Electrochemistry},
  journal   = {Current Opinion in Electrochemistry},
  number    = {In Press, Journal Pre-proof},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {2451-9103},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100727},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Maurischat2021,
  author    = {Maurischat, Andreas},
  title     = {Algebraic independence of the Carlitz period and its hyperderivatives},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WertIkenSchoeningetal.2021,
  author    = {Wert, Stefan and Iken, Heiko and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Matysik, Frank-Michael},
  title     = {Development of a temperature-pulse enhanced electrochemical glucose biosensor and characterization of its stability via scanning electrochemical microscopy},
  series = {Electroanalysis},
  journal   = {Electroanalysis},
  number    = {Early View},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1521-4109},
  doi       = {10.1002/elan.202100089},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Glucose oxidase (GOx) is an enzyme frequently used in glucose biosensors. As increased temperatures can enhance the performance of electrochemical sensors, we investigated the impact of temperature pulses on GOx that was drop-coated on flattened Pt microwires. The wires were heated by an alternating current. The sensitivity towards glucose and the temperature stability of GOx was investigated by amperometry. An up to 22-fold increase of sensitivity was observed. Spatially resolved enzyme activity changes were investigated via scanning electrochemical microscopy. The application of short (<100 ms) heat pulses was associated with less thermal inactivation of the immobilized GOx than long-term heating.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LowisFergusonPaulssenetal.2021,
  author    = {Lowis, Carsten and Ferguson, Simon and Paulßen, Elisabeth and Hoehr, Cornelia},
  title     = {Improved Sc-44 production in a siphon-style liquid target on a medical cyclotron},
  series = {Applied Radiation and Isotopes},
  volume    = {172},
  journal   = {Applied Radiation and Isotopes},
  number    = {Art. 109675},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0969-8043},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109675},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WaldvogelRitzmannFreyleretal.2021,
  author    = {Waldvogel, Janice and Ritzmann, Ramona and Freyler, Kathrin and Helm, Michael and Monti, Elena and Albracht, Kirsten and St{\"a}udle, Benjamin and Gollhofer, Albert and Narici, Marco},
  title     = {The Anticipation of Gravity in Human Ballistic Movement},
  series = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  publisher = {Frontiers},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-042X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2021.614060},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Stretch-shortening type actions are characterized by lengthening of the pre-activated muscle-tendon unit (MTU) in the eccentric phase immediately followed by muscle shortening. Under 1 g, pre-activity before and muscle activity after ground contact, scale muscle stiffness, which is crucial for the recoil properties of the MTU in the subsequent push-off. This study aimed to examine the neuro-mechanical coupling of the stretch-shortening cycle in response to gravity levels ranging from 0.1 to 2 g. During parabolic flights, 17 subjects performed drop jumps while electromyography (EMG) of the lower limb muscles was combined with ultrasound images of the gastrocnemius medialis, 2D kinematics and kinetics to depict changes in energy management and performance. Neuro-mechanical coupling in 1 g was characterized by high magnitudes of pre-activity and eccentric muscle activity allowing an isometric muscle behavior during ground contact. EMG during pre-activity and the concentric phase systematically increased from 0.1 to 1 g. Below 1 g the EMG in the eccentric phase was diminished, leading to muscle lengthening and reduced MTU stretches. Kinetic energy at take-off and performance were decreased compared to 1 g. Above 1 g, reduced EMG in the eccentric phase was accompanied by large MTU and muscle stretch, increased joint flexion amplitudes, energy loss and reduced performance. The energy outcome function established by linear mixed model reveals that the central nervous system regulates the extensor muscles phase- and load-specifically. In conclusion, neuro-mechanical coupling appears to be optimized in 1 g. Below 1 g, the energy outcome is compromised by reduced muscle stiffness. Above 1 g, loading progressively induces muscle lengthening, thus facilitating energy dissipation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BohndickBosseJaenschetal.2021,
  author    = {Bohndick, Carla and Bosse, Elke and J{\"a}nsch, Vanessa K. and Barnat, Miriam},
  title     = {How different diversity factors affect the perception of first-year requirements in higher education},
  series = {Frontline Learning Research},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Frontline Learning Research},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {EARLI},
  issn      = {2295-3159},
  doi       = {10.14786/flr.v9i2.667},
  pages     = {78 -- 95},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In the light of growing university entry rates, higher education institutions not only serve larger numbers of students, but also seek to meet first-year students' ever more diverse needs. Yet to inform universities how to support the transition to higher education, research only offers limited insights. Current studies tend to either focus on the individual factors that affect student success or they highlight students' social background and their educational biography in order to examine the achievement of selected, non-traditional groups of students. Both lines of research appear to lack integration and often fail to take organisational diversity into account, such as different types of higher education institutions or degree programmes. For a more comprehensive understanding of student diversity, the present study includes individual, social and organisational factors. To gain insights into their role for the transition to higher education, we examine how the different factors affect the students' perception of the formal and informal requirements of the first year as more or less difficult to cope with. As the perceived requirements result from both the characteristics of the students and the institutional context, they allow to investigate transition at the interface of the micro and the meso level of higher education. Latent profile analyses revealed that there are no profiles with complex patterns of perception of the first-year requirements, but the identified groups rather differ in the overall level of perceived challenges. Moreover, SEM indicates that the differences in the perception largely depend on the individual factors self-efficacy and volition.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HugenrothNeidlinEngelmannetal.2021,
  author    = {Hugenroth, Kristin and Neidlin, Michael and Engelmann, Ulrich M. and Kaufmann, Tim A. S. and Steinseifer, Ulrich and Heilmann, Torsten},
  title     = {Tipless Transseptal Cannula Concept Combines Improved Hemodynamic Properties and Risk-Reduced Placement: an In Silico Proof-of-Concept},
  series = {Artificial Organs},
  journal   = {Artificial Organs},
  number    = {Accepted Article},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1525-1594},
  doi       = {10.1111/aor.13964},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GivanoudiCornelisRasschaertetal.2021,
  author    = {Givanoudi, Stella and Cornelis, Peter and Rasschaert, Geertrui and Wackers, Gideon and Iken, Heiko and Rolka, David and Yongabi, Derick and Robbens, Johan and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Heyndrickx, Marc and Wagner, Patrick},
  title     = {Selective Campylobacter detection and quantification in poultry: A sensor tool for detecting the cause of a common zoonosis at its source},
  series = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical},
  journal   = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical},
  number    = {In Press, Journal Pre-proof},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0925-4005},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.snb.2021.129484},
  pages     = {Article 129484},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WerkhausenWillwacherAlbracht2021,
  author    = {Werkhausen, Amelie and Willwacher, Steffen and Albracht, Kirsten},
  title     = {Medial gastrocnemius muscle fascicles shorten throughout stance during sprint acceleration},
  series = {Scandinavian Journal of Medicine \& Science in Sports},
  volume    = {31},
  journal   = {Scandinavian Journal of Medicine \& Science in Sports},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {Wiley-Blackwell},
  address   = {Oxford},
  issn      = {0905-7188 (Druckausgabe)},
  doi       = {10.1111/sms.13956},
  pages     = {1471 -- 1480},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The compliant nature of distal limb muscle-tendon units is traditionally considered suboptimal in explosive movements when positive joint work is required. However, during accelerative running, ankle joint net mechanical work is positive. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how plantar flexor muscle-tendon behavior is modulated during fast accelerations. Eleven female sprinters performed maximum sprint accelerations from starting blocks, while gastrocnemius muscle fascicle lengths were estimated using ultrasonography. We combined motion analysis and ground reaction force measurements to assess lower limb joint kinematics and kinetics, and to estimate gastrocnemius muscle-tendon unit length during the first two acceleration steps. Outcome variables were resampled to the stance phase and averaged across three to five trials. Relevant scalars were extracted and analyzed using one-sample and two-sample t-tests, and vector trajectories were compared using statistical parametric mapping. We found that an uncoupling of muscle fascicle behavior from muscle-tendon unit behavior is effectively used to produce net positive mechanical work at the joint during maximum sprint acceleration. Muscle fascicles shortened throughout the first and second steps, while shortening occurred earlier during the first step, where negative joint work was lower compared with the second step. Elastic strain energy may be stored during dorsiflexion after touchdown since fascicles did not lengthen at the same time to dissipate energy. Thus, net positive work generation is accommodated by the reuse of elastic strain energy along with positive gastrocnemius fascicle work. Our results show a mechanism of how muscles with high in-series compliance can contribute to net positive joint work.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MontiWaldvogelRitzmannetal.2021,
  author    = {Monti, Elena and Waldvogel, Janice and Ritzmann, Ramona and Freyler, Kathrin and Albracht, Kirsten and Helm, Michael and De Cesare, Niccol{\`o} and Pavan, Piero and Reggiani, Carlo and Gollhofer, Albert and Narici, Marco Vincenzo},
  title     = {Muscle in variable gravity: "I do not know where I am, but I know what to do"},
  series = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-042X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2021.714655},
  pages     = {19 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Performing tasks, such as running and jumping, requires activation of the agonist and antagonist muscles before (motor unit pre-activation) and during movement performance (Santello and Mcdonagh, 1998). A well-timed and regulated muscle activation elicits a stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) response, naturally occurring in bouncing movements (Ishikawa and Komi, 2004; Taube et al., 2012). By definition, the SSC describes the stretching of a pre-activated muscle-tendon complex immediately followed by a muscle shortening in the concentric push-off phase (Komi, 1984). Given the importance of SSC actions for human movement, it is not surprising that many studies investigated the biomechanics of this phenomenon; in particular, drop jumps (DJs) represent a good paradigm to study muscle fascicle and tendon behavior in ballistic movements involving the SSC. Within a DJ, three main phases [pre-activation, braking, and push-off (PO; Komi, 2000)] have been recognized and extensively studied in common and challenging conditions, such as changes in load, falling height, or simulated hypo-gravity (Avela et al., 1994; Arampatzis et al., 2001; Fukashiro et al., 2005; Ishikawa et al., 2005; Sousa et al., 2007; Ritzmann et al., 2016; Helm et al., 2020). These studies show that the timing and amount of triceps-surae muscle-tendon unit pre-activation in DJs are differentially regulated based on the load applied to the muscle, being optimal in normal "Earth" gravity conditions (Avela et al., 1994), but decreased in simulated hypo-gravity, hyper-gravity (Avela et al., 1994; Ritzmann et al., 2016), or unknown conditions (i.e., unknown falling heights; Helm et al., 2020). Some authors indicated that, when falling from heights different from the optimal one [defined as the drop height giving a maximum DJ performance indicated as peak ground reaction force (GRF) or jump high], electromyographic (EMG) activity of the plantar flexors increases from lower than optimal to higher than optimal heights (Ishikawa and Komi, 2004; Sousa et al., 2007). These findings highlight the ability of the central nervous system to regulate the timing and amount of pre-activation according to different jumping conditions, thus regulating muscle fascicle length, tendon and joint stiffness as well as position, in order to safely land on the ground and quickly re-bounce. Similarly, to pre-activation, also in the braking phase, the plantar flexors are differentially regulated. In optimal height (i.e., load) jumping conditions, gastrocnemius medialis (GM) fascicles shorten at early ground contact (possibly due to the intervention of the stretch reflex; Gollhofer et al., 1992) and behave quasi-isometrically in the late braking phase, enabling tendon elongation, and storage of elastic energy (Gollhofer et al., 1992; Fukashiro et al., 2005; Sousa et al., 2007). When increasing the falling height (augmenting the impact GRF), the quasi-isometric behavior of fascicles disappears, and fast fascicle lengthening occurs (Ishikawa et al., 2005; Sousa et al., 2007). In the third and last PO phase, fascicles shorten and the tendon releases the elastic energy previously stored. Bobbert et al. (1987) reported no influence of jumping height on the work done and on the net vertical impulse assessed during PO; this observation suggests that, despite an optimal DJ performance might be achieved only in specific conditions (falling heights, loads), the central nervous system seems to be able to regulate muscle behavior in order to effectively perform the required task also in challenging situations. Although the regulation of triceps-surae muscle-tendon unit in DJs has been extensively investigated, very few studies focused on sarcomeres behavior during the performance of this SSC movement (Kurokawa et al., 2003; Fukashiro et al., 2005, 2006). Sarcomeres represent muscle contractile units and are known to express different amounts of force depending on their length (Gordon et al., 1966; Walker and Schrodt, 1974); thus, understanding the time course of their responses during DJs is fundamental to gain further insights into muscle force-generating capacity. In vivo measurement of sarcomere length in humans has been so far been performed only in static positions and under highly controlled experimental conditions (Llewellyn et al., 2008; Sanchez et al., 2015). Instead, human sarcomere length estimation (achieved by dividing GM measured fascicle length for a fixed sarcomere number) in dynamic contractions provided an indirect measure of sarcomere operating range during squat jump, countermovement jump, and DJ (Fukashiro et al., 2005, 2006; Kurokawa et al., 2003). The results of these studies showed that sarcomeres operate in the ascending limb of their length-tension (L-T) relationship in all types of jumps, and particularly so in DJ. However, most of the available observations on sarcomere and muscle fascicle behavior were made in condition of constant gravity. Thus, in order to understand how sarcomere and muscle fascicle length are regulated in variable gravity conditions, we performed experiments in a parabolic flight, involving variable gravity levels, ranging from about zero-g to about double the Earth's gravity (1 g; Waldvogel et al., 2021). Specifically, the aims of the present study were as follows: 1. To investigate the ability of the neuromuscular system in regulating fascicle length in response to conditions of variable gravity. 2. To estimate sarcomere operative length in the different DJ phases, in order to calculate its theoretical force production and its possible modulation in conditions of variable gravity. We hypothesized that muscle fascicles would be differentially regulated in different gravity conditions compared to 1 g, particularly in anticipation of landing and re-bouncing in unknown gravity levels. In addition, we hypothesized that sarcomeres would operate in the upper part of the ascending limb of their L-T relationship, possibly lengthening during the braking phase (especially in hyper-gravity) while operating quasi-isometrically in 1 g.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StaeudleSeynnesLapsetal.2021,
  author    = {St{\"a}udle, Benjamin and Seynnes, Olivier and Laps, Guido and G{\"o}ll, Fabian and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter and Albracht, Kirsten},
  title     = {Recovery from achilles tendon repair: a combination of Postsurgery Outcomes and Insufficient remodeling of muscle and tendon},
  series = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {American College of Sports Medicine},
  address   = {Philadelphia, Pa.},
  issn      = {1530-0315},
  doi       = {10.1249/MSS.0000000000002592},
  pages     = {1356 -- 1366},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) patients have persistent functional deficits in the triceps surae muscle-tendon unit (MTU). The complex remodeling of the MTU accompanying these deficits remains poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to associate in vivo and in silico data to investigate the relations between changes inMTU properties and strength deficits inATR patients. Methods: Elevenmale subjects who had undergone surgical repair of complete unilateral ATR were examined 4.6 ± 2.0 (mean ± SD) yr after rupture. Gastrocnemius medialis (GM) tendon stiffness, morphology, and muscle architecture were determined using ultrasonography. The force-length relation of the plantar flexor muscles was assessed at five ankle joint angles. In addition, simulations (OpenSim) of the GM MTU force-length properties were performed with various iterations of MTU properties found between the unaffected and the affected side. Results: The affected side of the patients displayed a longer, larger, and stiffer GM tendon (13\% ± 10\%, 105\% ± 28\%, and 54\% ± 24\%, respectively) compared with the unaffected side. The GM muscle fascicles of the affected side were shorter (32\% ± 12\%) and with greater pennation angles (31\% ± 26\%). A mean deficit in plantarflexion moment of 31\% ± 10\% was measured. Simulations indicate that pairing an intact muscle with a longer tendon shifts the optimal angular range of peak force outside physiological angular ranges, whereas the shorter muscle fascicles and tendon stiffening seen in the affected side decrease this shift, albeit incompletely. Conclusions: These results suggest that the substantial changes in MTU properties found in ATR patients may partly result from compensatory remodeling, although this process appears insufficient to fully restore muscle function.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NeumaierWeissVeldemanetal.2021,
  author    = {Neumaier, Felix and Weiss, Miriam and Veldeman, Michael and Kotliar, Konstantin and Wiesmann, Martin and Schulze-Steinen, Henna and H{\"o}llig, Anke and Clusmann, Hans and Schubert, Gerrit Alexander and Albanna, Walid},
  title     = {Changes in endogenous daytime melatonin levels after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage - preliminary findings from an observational cohort study},
  series = {Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery},
  volume    = {208},
  journal   = {Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery},
  number    = {Article No.: 106870},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0303-8467},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106870},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with early and delayed brain injury due to several underlying and interrelated processes, which include inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial, and neuronal apoptosis. Treatment with melatonin, a cytoprotective neurohormone with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, has been shown to attenuate early brain injury (EBI) and to prevent delayed cerebral vasospasm in experimental aSAH models. Less is known about the role of endogenous melatonin for aSAH outcome and how its production is altered by the pathophysiological cascades initiated during EBI. In the present observational study, we analyzed changes in melatonin levels during the first three weeks after aSAH.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KuertenKotliarFuestetal.2021,
  author    = {Kuerten, David and Kotliar, Konstantin and Fuest, Matthias and Walter, Peter and Hollstein, Muriel and Plange, Niklas},
  title     = {Does hemispheric vascular regulation differ significantly in glaucoma patients with altitudinal visual field asymmetry? A single-center, prospective study},
  series = {International Ophthalmology},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {International Ophthalmology},
  number    = {41},
  editor    = {Neri, Piergiorgio},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {1573-2630},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10792-021-01876-0},
  pages     = {3109 -- 3119},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Purpose Vascular risk factors and ocular perfusion are heatedly discussed in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. The retinal vessel analyzer (RVA, IMEDOS Systems, Germany) allows noninvasive measurement of retinal vessel regulation. Significant differences especially in the veins between healthy subjects and patients suffering from glaucoma were previously reported. In this pilot-study we investigated if localized vascular regulation is altered in glaucoma patients with altitudinal visual field defect asymmetry. Methods 15 eyes of 12 glaucoma patients with advanced altitudinal visual field defect asymmetry were included. The mean defect was calculated for each hemisphere separately (-20.99 ± 10.49 pro- found hemispheric visual field defect vs -7.36 ± 3.97 dB less profound hemisphere). After pupil dilation, RVA measurements of retinal arteries and veins were conducted using the standard protocol. The superior and inferior retinal vessel reactivity were measured consecutively in each eye. Results Significant differences were recorded in venous vessel constriction after flicker light stimulation and overall amplitude of the reaction (p \ 0.04 and p \ 0.02 respectively) in-between the hemispheres spheres. Vessel reaction was higher in the hemisphere corresponding to the more advanced visual field defect. Arterial diameters reacted similarly, failing to reach statistical significance. Conclusion Localized retinal vessel regulation is significantly altered in glaucoma patients with asymmetri altitudinal visual field defects. Veins supplying the hemisphere concordant to a less profound visual field defect show diminished diameter changes. Vascular dysregulation might be particularly important in early glaucoma stages prior to a significant visual field defect.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AlbannaConzenWeissetal.2021,
  author    = {Albanna, Walid and Conzen, Catharina and Weiss, Miriam and Seyfried, Katharina and Kotliar, Konstantin and Schmidt, Tobias Philip and Kuerten, David and Hescheler, J{\"u}rgen and Bruecken, Anne and Schmidt-Trucks{\"a}ss, Arno and Neumaier, Felix and Wiesmann, Martin and Clusmann, Hans and Schubert, Gerrit Alexander},
  title     = {Non-invasive assessment of neurovascular coupling after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective observational trial using retinal vessel analysis},
  series = {Frontiers in Neurology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Neurology},
  number    = {12},
  issn      = {1664-2295},
  doi       = {10.3389/fneur.2021.690183},
  pages     = {1 -- 15},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a common complication after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and can lead to infarction and poor clinical outcome. The underlying mechanisms are still incompletely understood, but animal models indicate that vasoactive metabolites and inflammatory cytokines produced within the subarachnoid space may progressively impair and partially invert neurovascular coupling (NVC) in the brain. Because cerebral and retinal microvasculature are governed by comparable regulatory mechanisms and may be connected by perivascular pathways, retinal vascular changes are increasingly recognized as a potential surrogate for altered NVC in the brain. Here, we used non-invasive retinal vessel analysis (RVA) to assess microvascular function in aSAH patients at different times after the ictus.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NeumaierKotliarHaerenetal.2021,
  author    = {Neumaier, Felix and Kotliar, Konstantin and Haeren, Roel Hubert Louis and Temel, Yasin and L{\"u}ke, Jan Niklas and Seyam, Osama and Lindauer, Ute and Clusmann, Hans and Hescheler, J{\"u}rgen and Schubert, Gerrit Alexander and Schneider, Toni and Albanna, Walid},
  title     = {Retinal Vessel Responses to Flicker Stimulation Are Impaired in Ca v 2.3-Deficient Mice—An in- vivo Evaluation Using Retinal Vessel Analysis (RVA)},
  series = {Frontiers in Neurology},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Neurology},
  publisher = {Frontiers},
  doi       = {10.3389/fneur.2021.659890},
  pages     = {1 -- 11},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}