@article{KellerRathBruckmannetal.2020, author = {Keller, Johannes and Rath, Volker and Bruckmann, Johanna and Mottaghy, Darius and Clauser, Christoph and Wolf, Andreas and Seidler, Ralf and B{\"u}cker, H. Martin and Klitzsch, Norbert}, title = {SHEMAT-Suite: An open-source code for simulating flow, heat and species transport in porous media}, series = {SoftwareX}, volume = {12}, journal = {SoftwareX}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2352-7110}, doi = {10.1016/j.softx.2020.100533}, pages = {9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {SHEMAT-Suite is a finite-difference open-source code for simulating coupled flow, heat and species transport in porous media. The code, written in Fortran-95, originates from geoscientific research in the fields of geothermics and hydrogeology. It comprises: (1) a versatile handling of input and output, (2) a modular framework for subsurface parameter modeling, (3) a multi-level OpenMP parallelization, (4) parameter estimation and data assimilation by stochastic approaches (Monte Carlo, Ensemble Kalman filter) and by deterministic Bayesian approaches based on automatic differentiation for calculating exact (truncation error-free) derivatives of the forward code.}, language = {en} } @article{NobisSchmittSchemmetal.2020, author = {Nobis, Moritz and Schmitt, Carlo and Schemm, Ralf and Schnettler, Armin}, title = {Pan-European CVAR-constrained stochastic unit commitment in day-ahead and intraday electricity markets}, series = {Energies}, volume = {13}, journal = {Energies}, number = {Art. 2339}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1996-1073}, doi = {10.3390/en13092339}, pages = {1 -- 35}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The fundamental modeling of energy systems through individual unit commitment decisions is crucial for energy system planning. However, current large-scale models are not capable of including uncertainties or even risk-averse behavior arising from forecasting errors of variable renewable energies. However, risks associated with uncertain forecasting errors have become increasingly relevant within the process of decarbonization. The intraday market serves to compensate for these forecasting errors. Thus, the uncertainty of forecasting errors results in uncertain intraday prices and quantities. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-stage risk-constrained stochastic optimization approach to fundamentally model unit commitment decisions facing an uncertain intraday market. By the nesting of Lagrangian relaxation and an extended Benders decomposition, this model can be applied to large-scale, e.g., pan-European, power systems. The approach is applied to scenarios for 2023—considering a full nuclear phase-out in Germany—and 2035—considering a full coal phase-out in Germany. First, the influence of the risk factors is evaluated. Furthermore, an evaluation of the market prices shows an increase in price levels as well as an increasing day-ahead-intraday spread in 2023 and in 2035. Finally, it is shown that intraday cross-border trading has a significant influence on trading volumes and prices and ensures a more efficient allocation of resources.}, language = {en} } @incollection{AtmaneHirechKassmietal.2020, author = {Atmane, Ilias and Hirech, Kamal and Kassmi, K. and Mahdi, Zahra and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Schwarzer, Klemens and Chayeb, H. and Bachiri, N.}, title = {Design and realization of a pilot solar desalination plant in Douar El Hamri in the province of Berkane (Morocco)}, series = {Sustainable entrepreneurship, renewable energy-based projects, and digitalization}, booktitle = {Sustainable entrepreneurship, renewable energy-based projects, and digitalization}, editor = {Omrane, Amina and Kassmi, Khalil and Akram, Muhammad Wasim and Khanna, Ashish and Mostafiz, Imtiaz}, publisher = {CRC Press}, address = {Boca Raton, Fa.}, isbn = {9781000292541 (E-Book)}, pages = {18 Seiten}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Producing fresh water from saline water has become one of the most difficult challenges to overcome especially with the high demand and shortage of fresh water. In this context, as part of a collaboration with Germany, the authors propose a design and implementation of a pilot multi-stage solar desalination system (MSD), remotely controlled, at Douar Al Hamri in the rural town of Boughriba in the province of Berkane, Morocco. More specifically, they present their contribution on the remote control and supervision system, which makes the functioning of the MSD system reliable and guarantees the production of drinking water for the population of Douar. The results obtained show that the electronic cards and computer communication software implemented allow the acquisition of all electrical (currents, voltages, powers, yields), thermal (temperatures of each stage), and meteorological (irradiance and ambient temperature), remote control and maintenance (switching on, off, data transfer). By comparing with the literature carried out in the field of solar energy, the authors conclude that the MSD and electronic desalination systems realized during this work represent a contribution in terms of the reliability and durability of providing drinking water in rural and urban areas.}, language = {en} } @book{LabischWaehlisch2020, author = {Labisch, Susanna and W{\"a}hlisch, Georg}, title = {Technisches Zeichnen: Eigenst{\"a}ndig lernen und effektiv {\"u}ben}, edition = {6th ed.}, publisher = {Springer Vieweg}, address = {Wiesbaden}, isbn = {978-3-658-30650-2 (E-Book)}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-658-30650-2}, pages = {Online-Ressource (XI, 296 S. 300 Abb., 81 Abb. in Farbe)}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{MarinkovicButenweg2020, author = {Marinkovic, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Seismic behaviour of RC frames with uncoupled masonry infills having two storeys or two bays}, series = {Brick and Block Masonry - From Historical to Sustainable Masonry. Proceedings of the 17th International Brick/Block Masonry Conference}, booktitle = {Brick and Block Masonry - From Historical to Sustainable Masonry. Proceedings of the 17th International Brick/Block Masonry Conference}, publisher = {CRC Press}, address = {London}, doi = {10.1201/9781003098508-72}, pages = {1 -- 7}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Reinforced concrete (RC) structures with masonry infills are widely used for several types of buildings all over the world. However, it is well known that traditional masonry infills constructed with rigid contact to the surrounding RC frame performed rather poor in past earthquakes. Masonry infills showed severe in-plane damages and failed in many cases under out-of-plane seismic loading. As the undesired interactions between frames and infills changes the load transfer on building level, complete collapses of buildings were observed. A possible solution is uncoupling of masonry infills to the frame to reduce the infill contribution activated by the frame deformation under horizontal loading. The paper presents numerical simulations on RC frames equipped with the innovative decoupling system INODIS. The system was developed within the European project INSYSME and allows an effective uncoupling of frame and infill. The simulations are carried out with a micro-modelling approach, which is able to predict the complex nonlinear behaviour resulting from the different materials and their interaction. Each brick is modelled individually and connected taking into account nonlinearity of a brick mortar interface. The calibration of the model is based on small specimen tests and experimental results for one bay one storey frame are used for the validation. The validated model is further used for parametric studies on two storey and two bay infilled frames. The response and change of the structural stiffness are analysed and compared to the traditionally infilled frame. The results confirm the effectiveness of the INODIS system with less damage and relatively low contribution of the infill at high drift levels. In contrast to the uncoupled system configurations, traditionally infilled frames experienced brittle failure at rather low drift levels.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MichelRosinButenwegetal.2020, author = {Michel, Philipp and Rosin, Julia and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven}, title = {Soil-dependent earthquake spectra in the analysis of liquid-storage-tanks on compliant soil}, series = {Seismic design of industrial facilities 2020}, booktitle = {Seismic design of industrial facilities 2020}, publisher = {Apprimus Verlag}, address = {Aachen}, isbn = {978-3-86359-729-0}, pages = {245 -- 254}, year = {2020}, abstract = {A further development of the Added-Mass-Method allows the combined representation of the effects of both soil-structure-interaction and fluid-structure interaction on a liquid-filled-tank in one model. This results in a practical method for describing the dynamic fluid pressure on the tank shell during joint movement. The fluid pressure is calculated on the basis of the tank's eigenform and the earthquake acceleration and represented by additional masses on the shell. The bearing on compliant ground is represented by replacement springs, which are calculated dependent on the local soil composition. The influence of the shear modulus of the compliant soil is clearly visible in the pressure curves and the stress distribution in the shell. The acceleration spectra are also dependent on soil stiffness. According to Eurocode-8 the acceleration spectra are determined for fixed soil-classes, instead of calculating the accelerations for each site in direct dependence on the soil composition. This leads to unrealistic sudden changes in the system's response. Therefore, earthquake spectra are calculated for different soil models in direct dependence of the shear modulus. Thus, both the acceleration spectra and the replacement springs match the soil composition. This enables a reasonable and consistent calculation of the system response for the actual conditions at each site.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{MarkinkovicButenwegPaveseetal.2020, author = {Markinkovic, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph and Pavese, A. and Lanese, I. and Hoffmeister, B. and Pinkawa, M. and Vulcu, C. and Bursi, O. and Nardin, C. and Paolacci, F. and Quinci, G. and Fragiadakis, M. and Weber, F. and Huber, P. and Renault, P. and G{\"u}ndel, M. and Dyke, S. and Ciucci, M. and Marino, A.}, title = {Investigation of the seismic behaviour of structural and nonstructural components in industrial facilities by means of shaking table tests}, series = {Seismic design of industrial facilities 2020}, booktitle = {Seismic design of industrial facilities 2020}, publisher = {Apprimus Verlag}, address = {Aachen}, isbn = {978-3-86359-729-0}, pages = {159 -- 172}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{CacciatoreButenweg2020, author = {Cacciatore, Pamela and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Seismic safety of cylindrical granular material steel silos under seismic loading}, series = {Seismic design of industrial facilities 2020}, booktitle = {Seismic design of industrial facilities 2020}, publisher = {Apprimus Verlag}, address = {Aachen}, isbn = {978-3-86359-729-0}, pages = {231 -- 244}, year = {2020}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TomićPennaDeJongetal.2020, author = {Tomić, Igor and Penna, Andrea and DeJong, Matthew and Butenweg, Christoph and Correia, Ant{\´o}nio A. and Candeias, Paulo X. and Senaldi, Ilaria and Guerrini, Gabriele and Malomo, Daniele and Beyer, Katrin}, title = {Seismic testing of adjacent interacting masonry structures}, series = {12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC 2020)}, booktitle = {12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC 2020)}, doi = {10.23967/sahc.2021.234}, pages = {1 -- 12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In many historical centres in Europe, stone masonry buildings are part of building aggregates, which developed when the layout of the city or village was densified. In these aggregates, adjacent buildings share structural walls to support floors and roofs. Meanwhile, the masonry walls of the fa{\c{c}}ades of adjacent buildings are often connected by dry joints since adjacent buildings were constructed at different times. Observations after for example the recent Central Italy earthquakes showed that the dry joints between the building units were often the first elements to be damaged. As a result, the joints opened up leading to pounding between the building units and a complicated interaction at floor and roof beam supports. The analysis of such building aggregates is very challenging and modelling guidelines do not exist. Advances in the development of analysis methods have been impeded by the lack of experimental data on the seismic response of such aggregates. The objective of the project AIMS (Seismic Testing of Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures), included in the H2020 project SERA, is to provide such experimental data by testing an aggregate of two buildings under two horizontal components of dynamic excitation. The test unit is built at half-scale, with a two-storey building and a one-storey building. The buildings share one common wall while the fa{\c{c}}ade walls are connected by dry joints. The floors are at different heights leading to a complex dynamic response of this smallest possible building aggregate. The shake table test is conducted at the LNEC seismic testing facility. The testing sequence comprises four levels of shaking: 25\%, 50\%, 75\% and 100\% of nominal shaking table capacity. Extensive instrumentation, including accelerometers, displacement transducers and optical measurement systems, provides detailed information on the building aggregate response. Special attention is paid to the interface opening, the globa}, language = {en} } @article{MarinkovicButenweg2020, author = {Marinkovic, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Earthquake-proof system for masonry infills in RC frame structures}, series = {International Journal of Masonry Research and Innovation}, volume = {5}, journal = {International Journal of Masonry Research and Innovation}, number = {2}, publisher = {Inderscience Enterprises}, address = {Olney, Bucks}, issn = {2056-9467}, doi = {10.1504/IJMRI.2020.106328}, pages = {185 -- 208}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{ElDeibButenwegKlinkel2020, author = {El-Deib, Khaled and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven}, title = {Erdbebennachweis von Mauerwerksbauten mit realistischen Modellen und erh{\"o}hten Verhaltensbeiwerten}, series = {Bautechnik}, volume = {97}, journal = {Bautechnik}, number = {11}, publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1002/bate.202000016}, pages = {756 -- 765}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Die Anwendung des linearen Nachweiskonzepts auf Mauerwerksbauten f{\"u}hrt dazu, dass bereits heute Standsicherheitsnachweise f{\"u}r Geb{\"a}ude mit {\"u}blichen Grundrissen in Gebieten mit moderaten Erdbebeneinwirkungen nicht mehr gef{\"u}hrt werden k{\"o}nnen. Diese Problematik wird sich in Deutschland mit der Einf{\"u}hrung kontinuierlicher probabilistischer Erdbebenkarten weiter versch{\"a}rfen. Aufgrund der Erh{\"o}hung der seismischen Einwirkungen, die sich vielerorts ergibt, ist es erforderlich, die vorhandenen, bislang nicht ber{\"u}cksichtigten Tragf{\"a}higkeitsreserven in nachvollziehbaren Nachweiskonzepten in der Baupraxis verf{\"u}gbar zu machen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt ein Konzept f{\"u}r die geb{\"a}udespezifische Ermittlung von erh{\"o}hten Verhaltensbeiwerten vor. Die Verhaltensbeiwerte setzen sich aus drei Anteilen zusammen, mit denen die Lastumverteilung im Grundriss, die Verformungsf{\"a}higkeit und Energiedissipation sowie die {\"U}berfestigkeiten ber{\"u}cksichtigt werden. F{\"u}r die rechnerische Ermittlung dieser drei Anteile wird ein nichtlineares Nachweiskonzept auf Grundlage von Pushover-Analysen vorgeschlagen, in denen die Interaktionen von W{\"a}nden und Geschossdecken durch einen Einspanngrad beschrieben werden. F{\"u}r die Bestimmung der Einspanngrade wird ein nichtlinearer Modellierungsansatz eingef{\"u}hrt, mit dem die Interaktion von W{\"a}nden und Decken abgebildet werden kann. Die Anwendung des Konzepts mit erh{\"o}hten geb{\"a}udespezifischen Verhaltensbeiwerten wird am Beispiel eines Mehrfamilienhauses aus Kalksandsteinen demonstriert. Die Ergebnisse der linearen Nachweise mit erh{\"o}hten Verhaltensbeiwerten f{\"u}r dieses Geb{\"a}ude liegen deutlich n{\"a}her an den Ergebnissen nichtlinearer Nachweise und somit bleiben {\"u}bliche Grundrisse in Erdbebengebieten mit den traditionellen linearen Rechenans{\"a}tzen nachweisbar.}, language = {de} } @article{MarinkovicButenweg2020, author = {Marinkovic, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Ausfachungen aus Ziegelmauerwerk in Stahlbetonrahmentragwerken unter Erdbebenbeanspruchung}, series = {Mauerwerk}, volume = {24}, journal = {Mauerwerk}, number = {4}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1437-1022}, doi = {10.1002/dama.202000011}, pages = {194 -- 205}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Stahlbetonrahmentragwerke mit Ausfachungen aus Mauerwerk weisen nach Erdbeben h{\"a}ufig schwere Sch{\"a}den auf. Gr{\"u}nde hierf{\"u}r sind die Beanspruchungen der Ausfachungsw{\"a}nde durch die aufgezwungenen Rahmenverformungen in Wandebene und die gleichzeitig auftretenden Tr{\"a}gheitskr{\"a}fte senkrecht zur Wandebene in Kombination mit der konstruktiven Ausf{\"u}hrung des Ausfachungsmauerwerks. Die Ausfachung wird in der Regel knirsch gegen die Rahmenst{\"u}tzen gemauert, wobei der Verschluss der oberen Fuge mit M{\"o}rtel oder Montageschaum erfolgt. Dadurch kommt es im Erdbebenfall zu lokalen Interaktionen zwischen Ausfachung und Rahmen, die in der Folge zu einem Versagen einzelner Ausfachungsw{\"a}nde oder zu einem sukzessiven Versagen des Gesamtgeb{\"a}udes f{\"u}hren k{\"o}nnen. Die beobachteten Sch{\"a}den waren die Motivation daf{\"u}r, in dem europ{\"a}ischen Forschungsprojekt INSYSME f{\"u}r Stahlbetonrahmentragwerke mit Ausfachungen aus hochw{\"a}rmed{\"a}mmenden Ziegelmauerwerk innovative L{\"o}sungen zur Verbesserung des seismischen Verhaltens zu entwickeln. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt die im Rahmen des Projekts von den deutschen Projektpartnern (Universit{\"a}t Kassel, SDA-engineering GmbH) entwickelten L{\"o}sungen vor und vergleicht deren seismisches Verhalten mit der traditionellen Ausf{\"u}hrung der Ausfachungsw{\"a}nde. Grundlage f{\"u}r den Vergleich sind statisch-zyklische Wandversuche und Simulationen auf Wandebene. Aus den Ergebnissen werden Empfehlungen f{\"u}r die erdbebensichere Auslegung von Stahlbetonrahmentragwerken mit Ausfachungen aus Ziegelmauerwerk abgeleitet.}, language = {de} } @article{ButenwegRosin2020, author = {Butenweg, Christoph and Rosin, Julia}, title = {Seismischer Nachweis von Mauerwerksbauten in deutschen Erdbebengebieten}, series = {Mauerwerk}, volume = {24}, journal = {Mauerwerk}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1437-1022}, doi = {10.1002/dama.202000006}, pages = {108 -- 113}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Mit finanzieller Unterst{\"u}tzung der Deutschen Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Mauerwerks- und Wohnungsbau e.V. (DGfM) und des Deutschen Instituts f{\"u}r Bautechnik in Berlin (DIBt) wurden zwei aufeinander aufbauende Forschungsvorhaben zur Verbesserung der seismischen Nachweise von Mauerwerksbauten in deutschen Erdbebengebieten durchgef{\"u}hrt. Zun{\"a}chst wurde das seismische Verhalten von drei modernen unbewehrten Mauerwerksgeb{\"a}uden in der Region Emilia Romagna in Italien w{\"a}hrend der Erdbebenserie im Jahr 2012 in Kooperation mit der Universit{\"a}t Pavia eingehend untersucht. Aufbauend auf den Erkenntnissen dieser Untersuchungen wurde ein verbessertes seismisches Bemessungskonzept f{\"u}r unbewehrte Mauerwerksbauten erarbeitet. Der Beitrag stellt die wesentlichen Ergebnisse dieser Forschungsarbeiten und deren Eingang in die Normung vor.}, language = {de} } @article{MarinkovićFloresCalvinistiButenweg2020, author = {Marinković, Marko and Flores Calvinisti, Santiago and Butenweg, Christoph}, title = {Numerical analysis of reinforced concrete frame buildings with decoupled infill walls}, series = {Building Materials and Structures}, volume = {63}, journal = {Building Materials and Structures}, number = {4}, publisher = {Society for Materials and Structures Testing of Serbia}, address = {Belgrad}, issn = {2217-8139}, doi = {10.5937/GRMK2004013M}, pages = {13 -- 48}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with masonry infill walls are widely used in many countries all over the world. Although infills are considered as non-structural elements, they significantly change dynamic characteristics of RC frame structures during earthquake excitation. Recently, significant effort was spent on studying decoupled infills, which are isolated from the surrounding frame usually by adding a gap between frame and infill. In this case, the frame deformation does not activate infill wall, thus infills are not influencing the behaviour of the frame. This paper presents the results of the investigation of the behaviour of RC frame buildings with the INODIS system that decouples masonry infills from the surrounding frame. Effect of masonry infill decoupling was investigated first on the one-bay onestorey frame. This was used as a base for parametric study on the frames with more bays and storeys, as well as on the building level. Change of stiffness and dynamic characteristics was analysed as well as response under earthquake loading. Comparison with the bare frame and traditionally infilled frame was performed. The results show that behaviour of the decoupled infilled frames is similar to the bare frame, whereas behaviour of frames with traditional infills is significantly different and demands complex numerical models. This means that if adequate decoupling is applied, design of}, language = {mul} } @incollection{vondenDrieschSteuerDankertBergetal.2020, author = {von den Driesch, Elena and Steuer-Dankert, Linda and Berg, Tobias and Leicht-Scholten, Carmen}, title = {Implementation of gender and diversity perspectives in transport development plans in germany}, series = {Engendering cities: designing sustainable urban spaces for all}, booktitle = {Engendering cities: designing sustainable urban spaces for all}, publisher = {Routledge}, address = {London}, isbn = {978-1-351-20090-5}, pages = {90 -- 109}, year = {2020}, abstract = {As mobility should ensure the accessibility to and participation in society, transport planning has to deal with a variety of gender and diversity categories affecting users' mobility needs and patterns. Exemplified by an analysis of an instrument of transport development processes - German Transport Development Plans (TDPs) - we investigated to what extent diverse target groups and their mobility requirements are implemented in transport strategy papers. Research results illustrate a still-prevalent neglect of several relevant gender and diversity categories while prioritizing and focusing on eco-friendly topics. But how sustainable can transport be without facing the diversification of life circumstances?}, language = {en} } @article{RuppRiekeHandschuhetal.2020, author = {Rupp, Matthias and Rieke, Christian and Handschuh, Nils and Kuperjans, Isabel}, title = {Economic and ecological optimization of electric bus charging considering variable electricity prices and CO₂eq intensities}, series = {Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment}, volume = {81}, journal = {Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment}, number = {Article 102293}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1361-9209}, doi = {10.1016/j.trd.2020.102293}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In many cities, diesel buses are being replaced by electric buses with the aim of reducing local emissions and thus improving air quality. The protection of the environment and the health of the population is the highest priority of our society. For the transport companies that operate these buses, not only ecological issues but also economic issues are of great importance. Due to the high purchase costs of electric buses compared to conventional buses, operators are forced to use electric vehicles in a targeted manner in order to ensure amortization over the service life of the vehicles. A compromise between ecology and economy must be found in order to both protect the environment and ensure economical operation of the buses. In this study, we present a new methodology for optimizing the vehicles' charging time as a function of the parameters CO₂eq emissions and electricity costs. Based on recorded driving profiles in daily bus operation, the energy demands of conventional and electric buses are calculated for the passenger transportation in the city of Aachen in 2017. Different charging scenarios are defined to analyze the influence of the temporal variability of CO₂eq intensity and electricity price on the environmental impact and economy of the bus. For every individual day of a year, charging periods with the lowest and highest costs and emissions are identified and recommendations for daily bus operation are made. To enable both the ecological and economical operation of the bus, the parameters of electricity price and CO₂ are weighted differently, and several charging periods are proposed, taking into account the priorities previously set. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of selected parameters and to derive recommendations for improving the ecological and economic balance of the battery-powered electric vehicle. In all scenarios, the optimization of the charging period results in energy cost savings of a maximum of 13.6\% compared to charging at a fixed electricity price. The savings potential of CO₂eq emissions is similar, at 14.9\%. From an economic point of view, charging between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. results in the lowest energy costs on average. The CO₂eq intensity is also low in this period, but midday charging leads to the largest savings in CO₂eq emissions. From a life cycle perspective, the electric bus is not economically competitive with the conventional bus. However, from an ecological point of view, the electric bus saves on average 37.5\% CO₂eq emissions over its service life compared to the diesel bus. The reduction potential is maximized if the electric vehicle exclusively consumes electricity from solar and wind power.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{OetringerDuemmlerGoettsche2020, author = {Oetringer, Kerstin and D{\"u}mmler, Andreas and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim}, title = {Neues Modell zur 1D-Simulation der indirekten Verdunstungsk{\"u}hlung}, series = {DKV-Tagung 2020, AA II.1}, booktitle = {DKV-Tagung 2020, AA II.1}, pages = {250 -- 262}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Im Projekt Coolplan- AIR geht es um die Fortentwicklung und Feld- Validierung eines Berechnungs- und Auslegungstools zur energieeffizienten K{\"u}hlung von Geb{\"a}uden mit luftgest{\"u}tzten Systemen. Neben dem Aufbau und der Weiterentwicklung von Simulationsmodellen erfolgen Vermessungen der Gesamtsysteme anhand von Praxisanlagen im Feld. Eine der betrachteten Anlagen arbeitet mit indirekter Verdunstung. Diese Ver{\"o}ffentlichung zeigt den Entwicklungsprozess und den Aufbau des Simulationsmodells zur Verdunstungsk{\"u}hlung in der Simulationsumgebung Matlab- Simulink mit der CARNOT- Toolbox. Das besondere Augenmerk liegt dabei auf dem physikalischen Modell des W{\"a}rme{\"u}bertragers, in dem die Verdunstung implementiert ist. Dem neuen Modellansatz liegt die Annahme einer aus der Enthalpie- Betrachtung hergeleiteten effektiven W{\"a}rmekapazit{\"a}t zugrunde. Des Weiteren wird der Befeuchtungsgrad als konstant angesehen und eine standardisierte Zunahme der W{\"a}rme{\"u}bertragung des feuchten gegen{\"u}ber dem trockenen W{\"a}rme{\"u}bertrager angenommen. Die Validierung des Modells erfolgte anhand von Literaturdaten. F{\"u}r den trockenen W{\"a}rmetauscher ist der maximale absolute Fehler der berechneten Austrittstemperatur (Zuluft) kleiner als ±0.1 K und f{\"u}r den nassen W{\"a}rmetauscher (K{\"u}hlfall) unter der Annahme eines konstanten Verdunstungsgrades kleiner als ±0.4 K.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{SattlerChicoCaminosUerlingsetal.2020, author = {Sattler, Johannes Christoph and Chico Caminos, Ricardo Alexander and {\"U}rlings, Nicolas and Dutta, Siddharth and Ruiz, Victor and Kalogirou, Soteris and Ktistis, Panayiotis and Agathokleous, Rafaela and Jung, Christian and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Atti, Vikrama Nagababu and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf}, title = {Operational experience and behaviour of a parabolic trough collector system with concrete thermal energy storage for process steam generation in Cyprus}, series = {AIP Conference Proceedings}, booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings}, number = {2303}, doi = {10.1063/5.0029278}, pages = {140004-1 -- 140004-10}, year = {2020}, abstract = {As part of the transnational research project EDITOR, a parabolic trough collector system (PTC) with concrete thermal energy storage (C-TES) was installed and commissioned in Limassol, Cyprus. The system is located on the premises of the beverage manufacturer KEAN Soft Drinks Ltd. and its function is to supply process steam for the factory's pasteurisation process [1]. Depending on the factory's seasonally varying capacity for beverage production, the solar system delivers between 5 and 25 \% of the total steam demand. In combination with the C-TES, the solar plant can supply process steam on demand before sunrise or after sunset. Furthermore, the C-TES compensates the PTC during the day in fluctuating weather conditions. The parabolic trough collector as well as the control and oil handling unit is designed and manufactured by Protarget AG, Germany. The C-TES is designed and produced by CADE Soluciones de Ingenier{\´i}a, S.L., Spain. In the focus of this paper is the description of the operational experience with the PTC, C-TES and boiler during the commissioning and operation phase. Additionally, innovative optimisation measures are presented.}, language = {en} } @article{SattlerRoegerSchwarzboezletal.2020, author = {Sattler, Johannes Christoph and R{\"o}ger, Marc and Schwarzb{\"o}zl, Peter and Buck, Reiner and Macke, Ansgar and Raeder, Christian and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim}, title = {Review of heliostat calibration and tracking control methods}, series = {Solar Energy}, volume = {207}, journal = {Solar Energy}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {10.1016/j.solener.2020.06.030}, pages = {110 -- 132}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Large scale central receiver systems typically deploy between thousands to more than a hundred thousand heliostats. During solar operation, each heliostat is aligned individually in such a way that the overall surface normal bisects the angle between the sun's position and the aim point coordinate on the receiver. Due to various tracking error sources, achieving accurate alignment ≤1 mrad for all the heliostats with respect to the aim points on the receiver without a calibration system can be regarded as unrealistic. Therefore, a calibration system is necessary not only to improve the aiming accuracy for achieving desired flux distributions but also to reduce or eliminate spillage. An overview of current larger-scale central receiver systems (CRS), tracking error sources and the basic requirements of an ideal calibration system is presented. Leading up to the main topic, a description of general and specific terms on the topics heliostat calibration and tracking control clarifies the terminology used in this work. Various figures illustrate the signal flows along various typical components as well as the corresponding monitoring or measuring devices that indicate or measure along the signal (or effect) chain. The numerous calibration systems are described in detail and classified in groups. Two tables allow the juxtaposition of the calibration methods for a better comparison. In an assessment, the advantages and disadvantages of individual calibration methods are presented.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{SteuerDankert2020, author = {Steuer-Dankert, Linda}, title = {Diversity in complex organizations : the triangle of diversity management, change management and organizational culture from a system-theoretical perspective}, doi = {10.18154/RWTH-2020-11830}, pages = {298}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Insbesondere im wirtschaftlichen Kontext wird die Diversit{\"a}t von Belegschaften zunehmend als ein kritischer Erfolgsfaktor gesehen. Neben dem Potenzial, welches sich laut Studien aus einem vielf{\"a}ltigen Team ergibt, werden jedoch ebenfalls die aus menschlicher Diversit{\"a}t resultierenden Herausforderungen thematisiert und wissenschaftlich untersucht. Sowohl aus dem Potenzial als auch aus den Herausforderungen ergibt sich dabei die Notwendigkeit der Implementierung eines organisationsspezifischen Diversity Managements, welches die Gewinnung neuer Mitarbeiter*innen einerseits und das Management der vorhandenen Vielfalt andererseits gleichermaßen unterst{\"u}tzt. In der psychologischen, sozial- und wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Literatur gibt es unterschiedliche Definitionen von Diversit{\"a}t, woraus sich verschiedene Perspektiven auf das Vorgehen bei der Gestaltung und Umsetzung eines Diversity Management Ansatzes ergeben. Insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der Komplexit{\"a}t des Organisationsumfeldes und der steigenden Anforderungen an die organisationsinterne Agilit{\"a}t besteht die Notwendigkeit, Diversit{\"a}t in Organisationen st{\"a}rker zu reflektieren und systemspezifische Ans{\"a}tze zu entwickeln. Dies erfordert die Ber{\"u}cksichtigung organisationsspezifischer Strukturen und Prozesse sowie die Reflexion des Wandels der Organisationskultur durch die Umsetzung eines Diversity Management Ansatzes, der die gegebene Komplexit{\"a}t aufgreift und bew{\"a}ltigen kann. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus sind die psychologischen Auswirkungen solcher Ver{\"a}nderungen auf die Mitarbeiter*innen zu ber{\"u}cksichtigen, um Reaktanzen zu vermeiden und eine nachhaltige Umsetzung von Diversity Management zu erm{\"o}glichen. In Ermangelung entsprechender Ans{\"a}tze im Rahmen {\"o}ffentlich finanzierter, komplexer Forschungsorganisationen, ist das Ziel dieser Dissertation die Entwicklung und Erprobung eines Forschungsdesigns, welches die Ans{\"a}tze des Diversity- und Change Managements mit der Organisationskultur verkn{\"u}pft, indem es eine systemtheoretische Perspektive einnimmt. Dabei wird das Forschungsdesign auf eine komplexe wissenschaftliche Organisation angewendet. Als Basis dient die in Teil A durchgef{\"u}hrte Betrachtung des aktuellen Forschungsstandes aus einer interdisziplin{\"a}ren Perspektive und die damit einhergehende umfassende Einf{\"u}hrung in das Forschungsfeld. Im Zuge dessen wird detailliert auf die begriffliche Definition von Diversit{\"a}t eingegangen, bevor dann die psychologischen Konzepte im Diversit{\"a}tskontext den {\"U}bergang zu einer differenzierten Auseinandersetzung mit dem Konzept des Diversity Managements bilden. Auf dieser Grundlage werden das Forschungsdesign sowie die daraus resultierenden Forschungsphasen abgeleitet. Teil A stellt somit die theoretische Grundlage f{\"u}r die in Teil B pr{\"a}sentierten Fachaufs{\"a}tze dar. Jeder Fachaufsatz beleuchtet dabei in chronologischer Reihenfolge die unterschiedlichen Forschungsphasen. Fachaufsatz I pr{\"a}sentiert den sechsstufigen Forschungsansatz und beleuchtet die besonderen Rahmenbedingungen des Forschungsobjektes aus einer theoretischen Perspektive. Im Anschluss werden die Ergebnisse der Organisationsanalyse, welche zugleich Phase I und II des Forschungskonzeptes darstellen, vorgestellt. Aufbauend auf diesen Forschungsergebnissen fokussiert Forschungsaufsatz II die Darlegung der Ergebnisse aus Forschungsphase III, der Befragung der F{\"u}hrungsebene. Die Befragung thematisierte dabei die Wahrnehmung von Diversity und Diversity Management auf F{\"u}hrungsebene, die Verkn{\"u}pfung von Diversit{\"a}t mit Innovation sowie die Reflexion des eigenen F{\"u}hrungsstils. Als Ergebnis der Befragung konnten sechs Typen identifiziert werden, die das F{\"u}hrungsverst{\"a}ndnis im Diversit{\"a}tskontext widerspiegeln und somit den Ansatzpunkt f{\"u}r eine top-down gerichtete Diversity Management Strategie darstellen. Darauf aufbauend wird in Forschungsphase IV die Mitarbeiter*innenebene beforscht. Im Zentrum der quantitativen Befragung standen die vorherrschenden Einstellungen zum Themenkomplex Diversity und Diversity Management, die Wahrnehmung von Diversit{\"a}t sowie die Untersuchung des Einflusses der F{\"u}hrungsebene auf die Mitarbeiter*innenebene. Forschungsaufsatz III pr{\"a}sentiert erste Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung. Die Analyse weist auf eine unterschiedliche Gewichtung der verschiedenen Diversit{\"a}tskategorien hinsichtlich der Verkn{\"u}pfung mit Innovationen und somit der Reflexion des Kontextes zwischen Diversit{\"a}t und Innovationen hin. Vergleichbar mit den identifizierten Typen auf der F{\"u}hrungsebene, deutet die Analyse auf die Existenz unterschiedlicher Reflexionsgrade auf Mitarbeiter*innenebene hin. Auf Basis dessen wird im Rahmen von Forschungsaufsatz IV eine n{\"a}here Untersuchung des Reflexionsgrades auf Mitarbeiter*innenebene pr{\"a}sentiert und der Diversity Management Ansatz mit Elementen des Change Managements kombiniert. Besondere Ber{\"u}cksichtigung findet als Schlussfolgerung einer theoretischen Analyse die Organisationskultur als zentrales Element bei der Entwicklung und Einf{\"u}hrung eines Diversity Management Ansatzes in eine komplexe Forschungsorganisation in Deutschland. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die Wahrnehmung von Diversit{\"a}t heterogen aber zun{\"a}chst losgel{\"o}st vom individuellen Hintergrund ist (im Rahmen dieser Analyse lag der Fokus auf den Diversit{\"a}tskategorien Gender und Herkunft). Hinsichtlich der Wertsch{\"a}tzung von Diversit{\"a}t zeigt sich dabei ebenfalls ein heterogenes Bild. In der Gesamtbetrachtung stimmen lediglich 17\% der Mitarbeiter*innen zu, dass Diversit{\"a}tskategorien wie Gender, Herkunft oder auch Alter einen Mehrwert darstellen k{\"o}nnen. Zugleich bewertet diese Gruppe die dem Thema beigemessene Wichtigkeit im CoE als ausreichend. Zusammengefasst lassen sich folgende Erkenntnisse im Rahmen dieser Dissertation ableiten und dienen somit als Grundlage f{\"u}r die Entwicklung eines Diversity Management Ansatzes: (1) Die Entwicklung eines bedarfsorientierten Diversity Management Ansatzes erfordert einen systemtheoretischen Prozess, der sowohl organisationsinterne als auch externe Einflussfaktoren ber{\"u}cksichtigt. Der im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes entwickelte sechsstufige Forschungsprozess hat sich dabei als geeignetes Instrument erwiesen. (2)Im Rahmen {\"o}ffentlicher Forschungseinrichtungen lassen sich dabei drei zentrale Faktoren identifizieren: die individuelle Reflexionsebene, die Organisationskultur sowie extern beeinflusste Organisationsstrukturen, Prozesse und Systeme.(3)Vergleichbar mit privatwirtschaftlichen Unternehmen hat auch in wissenschaftlichen Organisationen die F{\"u}hrungsebene einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Wahrnehmung von Diversit{\"a}t und somit einen Einfluss auf die Umsetzung einer Diversity Management Strategie. Daher ist auch im wissenschaftlichen Kontext, bedingt durch die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen des Hochschulsystems, ein top-down Ansatz f{\"u}r eine nachhaltige Implementierung erforderlich. (4) Diversity Management steht in einem engen Zusammenhang mit einem organisationalen Wandel, was die Reflexion von Ver{\"a}nderungsprozesse aus einer psychologischen Perspektive erfordert und eine Verkn{\"u}pfung von Diversity und Change Management bedingt. Aufbauend auf den im Rahmen des entwickelten Forschungskonzeptes gewonnenen zentralen Erkenntnissen wird ein Ansatz entwickelt, der die Ableitung theoretischer Implikationen sowie Implikationen f{\"u}r das Management erm{\"o}glicht. Insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der Reflexion der besonderen Rahmenbedingungen {\"o}ffentlich finanzierter Forschungsorganisationen werden dar{\"u}ber hinaus politische Implikationen abgeleitet, die auf die Ver{\"a}nderung struktureller Dimensionen abzielen.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{PaulsenHoffstadtKrafftetal.2020, author = {Paulsen, Svea and Hoffstadt, Kevin and Krafft, Simone and Leite, A. and Zang, J. and Fonseca-Zang, W. and Kuperjans, Isabel}, title = {Continuous biogas production from sugarcane as sole substrate}, series = {Energy Reports}, volume = {6}, booktitle = {Energy Reports}, number = {Supplement 1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, doi = {10.1016/j.egyr.2019.08.035}, pages = {153 -- 158}, year = {2020}, abstract = {A German-Brazilian research project investigates sugarcane as an energy plant in anaerobic digestion for biogas production. The aim of the project is a continuous, efficient, and stable biogas process with sugarcane as the substrate. Tests are carried out in a fermenter with a volume of 10 l. In order to optimize the space-time load to achieve a stable process, a continuous process in laboratory scale has been devised. The daily feed in quantity and the harvest time of the substrate sugarcane has been varied. Analyses of the digester content were conducted twice per week to monitor the process: The ratio of inorganic carbon content to volatile organic acid content (VFA/TAC), the concentration of short-chain fatty acids, the organic dry matter, the pH value, and the total nitrogen, phosphate, and ammonium concentrations were monitored. In addition, the gas quality (the percentages of CO₂, CH₄, and H₂) and the quantity of the produced gas were analyzed. The investigations have exhibited feasible and economical production of biogas in a continuous process with energy cane as substrate. With a daily feeding rate of 1.68gᵥₛ/l*d the average specific gas formation rate was 0.5 m3/kgᵥₛ. The long-term study demonstrates a surprisingly fast metabolism of short-chain fatty acids. This indicates a stable and less susceptible process compared to other substrates.}, language = {en} }