@article{MuribYeapEurlingsetal.2016,
  author    = {Murib, M. S. and Yeap, W. S. and Eurlings, Y. and Grinsven, B. van and Boyen, H.-G. and Conings, B. and Michiels, L. and Ameloot, Marcel and Carleer, R. and Warmer, J. and Kaul, P. and Haenen, K. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Ceuninck, W. de and Wagner, P.},
  title     = {Heat-transfer based characterization of DNA on synthetic sapphire chips},
  series = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical},
  volume    = {230},
  journal   = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical},
  number    = {230},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0925-4005},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.snb.2016.02.027},
  pages     = {260 -- 271},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {In this study, we show that synthetic sapphire (Al₂O₃), an established implant material, can also serve as a platform material for biosensors comparable to nanocrystalline diamond. Sapphire chips, beads, and powder were first modified with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), followed by succinic anhydride (SA), and finally single-stranded probe DNA was EDC coupled to the functionalized layer. The presence of the APTES-SA layer on sapphire powders was confirmed by thermogravimetric analyis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Using planar sapphire chips as substrates and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as surface-sensitive tool, the sequence of individual layers was analyzed with respect to their chemical state, enabling the quantification of areal densities of the involved molecular units. Fluorescence microscopy was used to demonstrate the hybridization of fluorescently tagged target DNA to the probe DNA, including denaturation- and re-hybridization experiments. Due to its high thermal conductivity, synthetic sapphire is especially suitable as a chip material for the heat-transfer method, which was employed to distinguish complementary- and non-complementary DNA duplexes containing single-nucleotide polymorphisms. These results indicate that it is possible to detect mutations electronically with a chemically resilient and electrically insulating chip material.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KohlKraemerFohryetal.2024,
  author    = {Kohl, Philipp and Kr{\"a}mer, Yoka and Fohry, Claudia and Kraft, Bodo},
  title     = {Scoping review of active learning strategies and their evaluation environments for entity recognition tasks},
  series = {Deep learning theory and applications},
  journal   = {Deep learning theory and applications},
  editor    = {Fred, Ana and Hadjali, Allel and Gusikhin, Oleg and Sansone, Carlo},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-031-66694-0 (online ISBN)},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-031-66694-0_6},
  pages     = {84 -- 106},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {We conducted a scoping review for active learning in the domain of natural language processing (NLP), which we summarize in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines as follows: Objective: Identify active learning strategies that were proposed for entity recognition and their evaluation environments (datasets, metrics, hardware, execution time). Design: We used Scopus and ACM as our search engines. We compared the results with two literature surveys to assess the search quality. We included peer-reviewed English publications introducing or comparing active learning strategies for entity recognition. Results: We analyzed 62 relevant papers and identified 106 active learning strategies. We grouped them into three categories: exploitation-based (60x), exploration-based (14x), and hybrid strategies (32x). We found that all studies used the F1-score as an evaluation metric. Information about hardware (6x) and execution time (13x) was only occasionally included. The 62 papers used 57 different datasets to evaluate their respective strategies. Most datasets contained newspaper articles or biomedical/medical data. Our analysis revealed that 26 out of 57 datasets are publicly accessible. Conclusion: Numerous active learning strategies have been identified, along with significant open questions that still need to be addressed. Researchers and practitioners face difficulties when making data-driven decisions about which active learning strategy to adopt. Conducting comprehensive empirical comparisons using the evaluation environment proposed in this study could help establish best practices in the domain.},
  language  = {en}
}