@article{GunSchoeningAbouzaretal.2008, author = {Gun, Jenny and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Abouzar, Maryam H. and Poghossian, Arshak and Katz, Evgeny}, title = {Field-Effect Nanoparticle-Based Glucose Sensor on a Chip: Amplification Effect of Coimmobilized Redox Species}, series = {Electroanalysis. 20 (2008), H. 16}, journal = {Electroanalysis. 20 (2008), H. 16}, isbn = {1521-4109}, pages = {1748 -- 1753}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianYoshinobuSimonisetal.2000, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Yoshinobu, T. and Simonis, A. and Ecken, H. and L{\"u}th, H. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Penicillin detection by means of field-effect based sensors: EnFET, capacitive EIS sensor or LAPS?}, series = {Proceedings : Copenhagen, Denmark, 27 - 30 August 2000 / [ed.: R. de Reus ...]}, journal = {Proceedings : Copenhagen, Denmark, 27 - 30 August 2000 / [ed.: R. de Reus ...]}, publisher = {MIC, Mikroelektronik Centret}, address = {Lyngby, Denmark}, isbn = {87-89935-50-0}, pages = {27 -- 30}, year = {2000}, language = {en} } @article{HonarvarfardGamellaChannaveerappaetal.2017, author = {Honarvarfard, Elham and Gamella, Maria and Channaveerappa, Devika and Darie, Costel C. and Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Katz, Evgeny}, title = {Electrochemically Stimulated Insulin Release from a Modified Graphene-functionalized Carbon Fiber Electrode}, series = {Electroanalysis}, volume = {29}, journal = {Electroanalysis}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1521-4109}, doi = {10.1002/elan.201700095}, pages = {1543 -- 1553}, year = {2017}, abstract = {A graphene-functionalized carbon fiber electrode was modified with adsorbed polyethylenimine to introduce amino functionalities and then with trigonelline and 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid covalently bound to the amino groups. The trigonelline species containing quarterized pyridine groups produced positive charge on the electrode surface regardless of the pH value, while the phenylboronic acid species were neutral below pH 8 and negatively charged above pH 9 (note that their pKa=8.4). The total charge on the monolayer-modified electrode was positive at the neutral pH and negative at pH > 9. Note that 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid was attached to the electrode surface in molar excess to trigonelline, thus allowing the negative charge to dominate on the electrode surface at basic pH. Negatively charged fluorescent dye-labeled insulin (insulin-FITC) was loaded on the modified electrode surface at pH 7.0 due to its electrostatic attraction to the positively charged interface. The local pH in close vicinity to the electrode surface was increased to ca. 9-10 due to consumption of H+ ions upon electrochemical reduction of oxygen proceeding at the potential of -1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) applied on the modified electrode. The process resulted in recharging of the electrode surface to the negative value due to the formation of the negative charge on the phenylboronic acid groups, thus resulting in the electrostatic repulsion of insulin-FITC and stimulating its release from the electrode surface. The insulin release was characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy (using the FITC-labeled insulin), by electrochemical measurements on an iridium oxide, IrOx, electrode and by mass spectrometry. The graphene-functionalized carbon fiber electrode demonstrated significant advantages in the signal-stimulated insulin release comparing with the carbon fiber electrode without the graphene species.}, language = {en} } @article{MolinnusHardtKaeveretal.2018, author = {Molinnus, Denise and Hardt, G. and K{\"a}ver, L. and Willenberg, H.S. and Kr{\"o}ger, J.-C. and Poghossian, Arshak and Keusgen, Michael and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Chip-based biosensor for the detection of low adrenaline concentrations to support adrenal venous sampling}, series = {Sensor and Actuators B: Chemical}, volume = {272}, journal = {Sensor and Actuators B: Chemical}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0925-4005}, doi = {10.1016/j.snb.2018.05.136}, pages = {21 -- 27}, year = {2018}, abstract = {A chip-based amperometric biosensor referring on using the bioelectrocatalytical amplification principle for the detection of low adrenaline concentrations is presented. The adrenaline biosensor has been prepared by modification of a platinum thin-film electrode with an enzyme membrane containing the pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase and glutaraldehyde. Measuring conditions such as temperature, pH value, and glucose concentration have been optimized to achieve a high sensitivity and a low detection limit of about 1 nM adrenaline measured in phosphate buffer at neutral pH value. The response of the biosensor to different catecholamines has also been proven. Long-term stability of the adrenaline biosensor has been studied over 10 days. In addition, the biosensor has been successfully applied for adrenaline detection in human blood plasma for future biomedical applications. Furthermore, preliminary experiments have been carried to detect the adrenaline-concentration difference measured in peripheral blood and adrenal venous blood, representing the adrenal vein sampling procedure of a physician.}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianSchultzeSchoening2003, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Schultze, J. W. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Application of a (bio-)chemical sensor (ISFET) for the detection of physical parameters in liquids}, series = {Electrochimica Acta. 48 (2003), H. 20-22}, journal = {Electrochimica Acta. 48 (2003), H. 20-22}, pages = {3289 -- 3297}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @article{BaeckerDellePoghossianetal.2011, author = {B{\"a}cker, Matthias and Delle, L. and Poghossian, Arshak and Biselli, Manfred and Zang, Werner and Wagner, P. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Electrochemical sensor array for bioprocess monitoring}, series = {Electrochimica Acta (2011)}, volume = {56}, journal = {Electrochimica Acta (2011)}, number = {26}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, pages = {9673 -- 9678}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{SchoeningNaetherAugeretal.2004, author = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and N{\"a}ther, Niko and Auger, V. and Poghossian, Arshak and Koudelka-Hep, M.}, title = {Miniaturized flow-through cell with integrated capacitive EIS sensors fabricated at wafer level using Si and Su-8 technologies}, series = {Technical digest of the 10th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors, July 11 - 14, 2004, Tsukuba, Japan / Japan Association of Chemical Sensors}, journal = {Technical digest of the 10th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors, July 11 - 14, 2004, Tsukuba, Japan / Japan Association of Chemical Sensors}, publisher = {Japan Association of Chemical Sensors}, address = {Fukuoka}, pages = {554 -- 555}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{SchoeningBronderWuetal.2017, author = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Bronder, Thomas and Wu, Chunsheng and Scheja, Sabrina and Jessing, Max and Metzger-Boddien, Christoph and Keusgen, Michael and Poghossian, Arshak}, title = {Label-Free DNA Detection with Capacitive Field-Effect Devices—Challenges and Opportunities}, series = {Proceedings}, volume = {1}, journal = {Proceedings}, number = {8}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2504-3900}, doi = {10.3390/proceedings1080719}, pages = {Artikel 719}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Field-effect EIS (electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor) sensors modified with a positively charged weak polyelectrolyte layer have been applied for the electrical detection of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) immobilization and hybridization by the intrinsic molecular charge. The EIS sensors are able to detect the existence of target DNA amplicons in PCR (polymerase chain reaction) samples and thus, can be used as tool for a quick verification of DNA amplification and the successful PCR process. Due to their miniaturized setup, compatibility with advanced micro- and nanotechnologies, and ability to detect biomolecules by their intrinsic molecular charge, those sensors can serve as possible platform for the development of label-free DNA chips. Possible application fields as well as challenges and limitations will be discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{MourzinaMaiPoghossianetal.2003, author = {Mourzina, Y. and Mai, T. and Poghossian, Arshak and Ermolenko, Y. and Yoshinobu, T. and Vlasov, Y. and Iwasaki, H. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {K+-selective field-effect sensors as transducers for bioelectronic applications}, series = {Electrochimica Acta. 48 (2003), H. 20-22}, journal = {Electrochimica Acta. 48 (2003), H. 20-22}, isbn = {0013-4686}, pages = {3333 -- 3339}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianPlatenSchoening2005, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Platen, J. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Towards self-aligned nanostructures by means of layerexpansion technique}, series = {Electrochimica Acta. 51 (2005), H. 5}, journal = {Electrochimica Acta. 51 (2005), H. 5}, isbn = {0013-4686}, pages = {838 -- 843}, year = {2005}, language = {en} } @article{BronderPoghossianSchejaetal.2015, author = {Bronder, Thomas and Poghossian, Arshak and Scheja, Sabrina and Wu, Chunsheng and Keusgen, Michael and Mewes, Dieter and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {DNA Immobilization and Hybridization Detection by the Intrinsic Molecular Charge Using Capacitive Field-Effect Sensors Modified with a Charged Weak Polyelectrolyte Layer}, series = {Applied Materials \& Interfaces}, volume = {36}, journal = {Applied Materials \& Interfaces}, number = {7}, publisher = {American Chemical Society}, address = {Washington, DC}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.5b05146}, pages = {20068 -- 20075}, year = {2015}, abstract = {Miniaturized setup, compatibility with advanced micro- and nanotechnologies, and ability to detect biomolecules by their intrinsic molecular charge favor the semiconductor field-effect platform as one of the most attractive approaches for the development of label-free DNA chips. In this work, a capacitive field-effect EIS (electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor) sensor covered with a layer-by-layer prepared, positively charged weak polyelectrolyte layer of PAH (poly(allylamine hydrochloride)) was used for the label-free electrical detection of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) immobilization and hybridization. The negatively charged probe single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules were electrostatically adsorbed onto the positively charged PAH layer, resulting in a preferentially flat orientation of the ssDNA molecules within the Debye length, thus yielding a reduced charge-screening effect and a higher sensor signal. Each sensor-surface modification step (PAH adsorption, probe ssDNA immobilization, hybridization with complementary target DNA (cDNA), reducing an unspecific adsorption by a blocking agent, incubation with noncomplementary DNA (ncDNA) solution) was monitored by means of capacitance-voltage and constant-capacitance measurements. In addition, the surface morphology of the PAH layer was studied by atomic force microscopy and contact-angle measurements. High hybridization signals of 34 and 43 mV were recorded in low-ionic strength solutions of 10 and 1 mM, respectively. In contrast, a small signal of 4 mV was recorded in the case of unspecific adsorption of fully mismatched ncDNA. The density of probe ssDNA and dsDNA molecules as well as the hybridization efficiency was estimated using the experimentally measured DNA immobilization and hybridization signals and a simplified double-layer capacitor model. The results of field-effect experiments were supported by fluorescence measurements, verifying the DNA-immobilization and hybridization event.}, language = {en} } @article{BaeckerRaueSchusseretal.2012, author = {B{\"a}cker, Matthias and Raue, Markus and Schusser, Sebastian and Jeitner, C. and Breuer, L. and Wagner, P. and Poghossian, Arshak and F{\"o}rster, Arnold and Mang, Thomas and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Microfluidic chip with integrated microvalves based on temperature- and pH-responsive hydrogel thin films}, series = {Physica Status Solidi (a)}, volume = {209}, journal = {Physica Status Solidi (a)}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1862-6319}, doi = {10.1002/pssa.201100763}, pages = {839 -- 845}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Two types of microvalves based on temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and pH-responsive poly(sodium acrylate) (PSA) hydrogel films have been developed and tested. The PNIPAAm and PSA hydrogel films were prepared by means of in situ photopolymerization directly inside the fluidic channel of a microfluidic chip fabricated by combining Si and SU-8 technologies. The swelling/shrinking properties and height changes of the PNIPAAm and PSA films inside the fluidic channel were studied at temperatures of deionized water from 14 to 36 °C and different pH values (pH 3-12) of Titrisol buffer, respectively. Additionally, in separate experiments, the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the PNIPAAm hydrogel was investigated by means of a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method. Mass-flow measurements have shown the feasibility of the prepared hydrogel films to work as an on-chip integrated temperature- or pH-responsive microvalve capable to switch the flow channel on/off.}, language = {en} } @article{BronderPoghossianKeusgenetal.2017, author = {Bronder, Thomas and Poghossian, Arshak and Keusgen, Michael and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Label-free detection of double-stranded DNA molecules with polyelectrolyte-modified capacitive field-effect sensors}, series = {tm - Technisches Messen}, volume = {84}, journal = {tm - Technisches Messen}, number = {10}, publisher = {De Gruyter}, address = {Oldenbourg}, doi = {10.1515/teme-2017-0015}, pages = {628 -- 634}, year = {2017}, abstract = {In this study, polyelectrolyte-modified field-effect-based electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) devices have been used for the label-free electrical detection of double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA)molecules. The sensor-chip functionalization with a positively charged polyelectrolyte layer provides the possibility of direct adsorptive binding of negatively charged target DNA oligonucleotides onto theSiO2-chip surface.EIS sensors can be utilized as a tool to detect surface-charge changes; the electrostatic adsorption of oligonucleotides onto the polyelectrolyte layer leads to a measureable surface-potential change. Signals of 39mV have been recorded after the incubation with the oligonucleotide solution. Besides the electrochemical experiments, the successful adsorption of dsDNA onto the polyelectrolyte layer has been verified via fluorescence microscopy. The presented results demonstrate that the signal recording of EISchips, which are modified with a polyelectrolyte layer, canbe used as a favorable approach for a fast, cheap and simple detection method for dsDNA.}, language = {en} } @article{JablonskiPoghossianSeverinetal.2021, author = {Jablonski, Melanie and Poghossian, Arshak and Severin, Robin and Keusgen, Michael and Wege, Christian and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Capacitive Field-Effect Biosensor Studying Adsorption of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particles}, series = {Micromachines}, volume = {12}, journal = {Micromachines}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/mi12010057}, pages = {Artikel 57}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Plant virus-like particles, and in particular, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles, are increasingly being used in nano- and biotechnology as well as for biochemical sensing purposes as nanoscaffolds for the high-density immobilization of receptor molecules. The sensitive parameters of TMV-assisted biosensors depend, among others, on the density of adsorbed TMV particles on the sensor surface, which is affected by both the adsorption conditions and surface properties of the sensor. In this work, Ta₂O₅-gate field-effect capacitive sensors have been applied for the label-free electrical detection of TMV adsorption. The impact of the TMV concentration on both the sensor signal and the density of TMV particles adsorbed onto the Ta₂O₅-gate surface has been studied systematically by means of field-effect and scanning electron microscopy methods. In addition, the surface density of TMV particles loaded under different incubation times has been investigated. Finally, the field-effect sensor also demonstrates the label-free detection of penicillinase immobilization as model bioreceptor on TMV particles.}, language = {en} } @article{SchoeningAbouzarPoghossian2009, author = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Abouzar, Maryam H. and Poghossian, Arshak}, title = {pH and ion sensitivity of a field-effect EIS (electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor) sensor covered with polyelectrolyte multilayers}, series = {Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. 13 (2009), H. 1}, journal = {Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry. 13 (2009), H. 1}, isbn = {1433-0768}, pages = {115 -- 122}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @article{SchoeningPoghossianYoshinobuetal.2001, author = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Poghossian, Arshak and Yoshinobu, Tatsuo and L{\"u}th, Hans}, title = {Semiconductor-based field-effect structures for chemical sensing}, pages = {188 -- 198}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @article{WeldenPoghossianVahidpouretal.2022, author = {Welden, Melanie and Poghossian, Arshak and Vahidpour, Farnoosh and Wendlandt, Tim and Keusgen, Michael and Wege, Christina and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Towards multi-analyte detection with field-effect capacitors modified with tobacco mosaic virus bioparticles as enzyme nanocarriers}, series = {Biosensors}, volume = {12}, journal = {Biosensors}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2079-6374}, doi = {10.3390/bios12010043}, pages = {Artikel 43}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Utilizing an appropriate enzyme immobilization strategy is crucial for designing enzyme-based biosensors. Plant virus-like particles represent ideal nanoscaffolds for an extremely dense and precise immobilization of enzymes, due to their regular shape, high surface-to-volume ratio and high density of surface binding sites. In the present work, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles were applied for the co-immobilization of penicillinase and urease onto the gate surface of a field-effect electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitor (EISCAP) with a p-Si-SiO₂-Ta₂O₅ layer structure for the sequential detection of penicillin and urea. The TMV-assisted bi-enzyme EISCAP biosensor exhibited a high urea and penicillin sensitivity of 54 and 85 mV/dec, respectively, in the concentration range of 0.1-3 mM. For comparison, the characteristics of single-enzyme EISCAP biosensors modified with TMV particles immobilized with either penicillinase or urease were also investigated. The surface morphology of the TMV-modified Ta₂O₅-gate was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the bi-enzyme EISCAP was applied to mimic an XOR (Exclusive OR) enzyme logic gate.}, language = {en} } @article{KochPoghossianSchoeningetal.2018, author = {Koch, Claudia and Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Wege, Christian}, title = {Penicillin Detection by Tobacco Mosaic Virus-Assisted Colorimetric Biosensors}, series = {Nanotheranostics}, volume = {2}, journal = {Nanotheranostics}, number = {2}, publisher = {Ivyspring}, address = {Sydney}, issn = {2206-7418}, doi = {10.7150/ntno.22114}, pages = {184 -- 196}, year = {2018}, abstract = {The presentation of enzymes on viral scaffolds has beneficial effects such as an increased enzyme loading and a prolonged reusability in comparison to conventional immobilization platforms. Here, we used modified tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) nanorods as enzyme carriers in penicillin G detection for the first time. Penicillinase enzymes were conjugated with streptavidin and coupled to TMV rods by use of a bifunctional biotin-linker. Penicillinase-decorated TMV particles were characterized extensively in halochromic dye-based biosensing. Acidometric analyte detection was performed with bromcresol purple as pH indicator and spectrophotometry. The TMV-assisted sensors exhibited increased enzyme loading and strongly improved reusability, and higher analysis rates compared to layouts without viral adapters. They extended the half-life of the sensors from 4 - 6 days to 5 weeks and thus allowed an at least 8-fold longer use of the sensors. Using a commercial budget-priced penicillinase preparation, a detection limit of 100 µM penicillin was obtained. Initial experiments also indicate that the system may be transferred to label-free detection layouts.}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianThustSchoeningetal.2000, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Thust, M. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and M{\"u}ller-Veggian, Mattea and Kordos, P. and L{\"u}th, H.}, title = {Cross-sensitivity of a capacitive penicillin sensor combined with a diffusion barrier}, series = {Sensors and Actuators B. 68 (2000), H. 1-3}, journal = {Sensors and Actuators B. 68 (2000), H. 1-3}, isbn = {0925-4005}, pages = {260 -- 265}, year = {2000}, language = {en} } @article{SchoeningBrinkmannDemuthetal.2004, author = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Brinkmann, D. and Demuth, C. and Poghossian, Arshak}, title = {CIP (cleaning-in-place)-suitable „non-glass" pH sensor based on a Ta2O5-gate EIS structure}, series = {Digest of technical papers : September 12 - 15, 2004, Rome, Italy, Pontificia Universitas Sancto Thoma Aquinate in Urbe / [conference chairperson: C. Di Natale].}, journal = {Digest of technical papers : September 12 - 15, 2004, Rome, Italy, Pontificia Universitas Sancto Thoma Aquinate in Urbe / [conference chairperson: C. Di Natale].}, address = {Roma}, isbn = {88-7621-282-5}, pages = {857 -- 860}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianBerndsenLuethetal.2001, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Berndsen, Lars and L{\"u}th, Hans and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Novel concepts for flow-rate and flow-direction determination by means of pH-sensitive ISFETs}, series = {Proceedings of SPIE. 4560 (2001)}, journal = {Proceedings of SPIE. 4560 (2001)}, pages = {19 -- 27}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @article{HonarvarfardGamellaPoghossianetal.2017, author = {Honarvarfard, Elham and Gamella, Maria and Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Katz, Evgeny}, title = {An enzyme-based reversible Controlled NOT (CNOT) logic gate operating on a semiconductor transducer}, series = {Applied Materials Today}, volume = {9}, journal = {Applied Materials Today}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2352-9407}, doi = {10.1016/j.apmt.2017.08.003}, pages = {266 -- 270}, year = {2017}, abstract = {An enzyme-based biocatalytic system mimicking operation of a logically reversible Controlled NOT (CNOT) gate has been interfaced with semiconductor electronic transducers. Electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) structures have been used to transduce chemical changes produced by the enzyme system to an electronically readable capacitive output signal using field-effect features of the EIS device. Two enzymes, urease and esterase, were immobilized on the insulating interface of EIS structure producing local pH changes performing XOR logic operation controlled by various combinations of the input signals represented by urea and ethyl butyrate. Another EIS transducer was functionalized with esterase only, thus performing Identity (ID) logic operation for the ethyl butyrate input. Both semiconductor devices assembled in parallel operated as a logically reversible CNOT gate. The present system, despite its simplicity, demonstrated for the first time logically reversible function of the enzyme system transduced electronically with the semiconductor devices. The biomolecular realization of a CNOT gate interfaced with semiconductors is promising for integration into complex biomolecular networks and future biosensor/biomedical applications.}, language = {en} } @article{YoshinobuEckenPoghossianetal.2001, author = {Yoshinobu, T. and Ecken, H. and Poghossian, Arshak and Simonis, A. and Iwasaki, H. and L{\"u}th, H. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Constant-current-mode LAPS (CLAPS) for the detection of penicillin}, series = {Electroanalysis. 13 (2001), H. 8-9}, journal = {Electroanalysis. 13 (2001), H. 8-9}, isbn = {1040-0397}, pages = {733 -- 736}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianAbouzarSchoening2008, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Abouzar, Maryam H. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Capacitance-voltage and impedance characteristics of field-effect EIS sensors functionalised with polyelectrolyte multilayers}, series = {IRBM. 29 (2008), H. 2-3}, journal = {IRBM. 29 (2008), H. 2-3}, isbn = {1959-0318}, pages = {149 -- 154}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianLuethSchultzeetal.2001, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and L{\"u}th, H. and Schultze, J. W. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {(Bio-)chemical and physical microsensor array using an identical transducer principle}, series = {Scaling down in electrochemistry : electrochemical micro- and nanosystem technology ; proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Electrochemical Microsystem Technologies, Garmisch-Patenkirchen, Germany, 11 - 15 September 2000 / ed. by J. W. Schultz}, journal = {Scaling down in electrochemistry : electrochemical micro- and nanosystem technology ; proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Electrochemical Microsystem Technologies, Garmisch-Patenkirchen, Germany, 11 - 15 September 2000 / ed. by J. W. Schultz}, publisher = {Elsevier [u.a.]}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, isbn = {0-08-044014-2}, pages = {243 -- 249}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @article{SchoeningPoghossian2006, author = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Poghossian, Arshak}, title = {BioFEDs (field-effect devices) : State-of-the-art and new directions}, series = {Electroanalysis}, volume = {18}, journal = {Electroanalysis}, number = {19-20}, issn = {1521-4109}, doi = {10.1002/elan.200603609}, pages = {1893 -- 1900}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{HuckPoghossianKerroumietal.2014, author = {Huck, Christina and Poghossian, Arshak and Kerroumi, Iman and Schusser, Sebastian and B{\"a}cker, Matthias and Zander, Willi and Schubert, J{\"u}rgen and Buniatyan, Vahe V. and Martirosyan, Norayr W. and Wagner, Patrick and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Multiparameter sensor chip with Barium Strontium Titanate as multipurpose material}, series = {Electroanalysis}, volume = {26}, journal = {Electroanalysis}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1521-4109 (E-Journal); 1040-0397 (Print)}, doi = {10.1002/elan.201400076}, pages = {980 -- 987}, year = {2014}, abstract = {It is well known that biochemical and biotechnological processes are strongly dependent and affected by a variety of physico-chemical parameters such as pH value, temperature, pressure and electrolyte conductivity. Therefore, these quantities have to be monitored or controlled in order to guarantee a stable process operation, optimization and high yield. In this work, a sensor chip for the multiparameter detection of three physico-chemical parameters such as electrolyte conductivity, pH and temperature is realized using barium strontium titanate (BST) as multipurpose material. The chip integrates a capacitively coupled four-electrode electrolyte-conductivity sensor, a capacitive field-effect pH sensor and a thin-film Pt-temperature sensor. Due to the multifunctional properties of BST, it is utilized as final outermost coating layer of the processed sensor chip and serves as passivation and protection layer as well as pH-sensitive transducer material at the same time. The results of testing of the individual sensors of the developed multiparameter sensor chip are presented. In addition, a quasi-simultaneous multiparameter characterization of the sensor chip in buffer solutions with different pH value and electrolyte conductivity is performed. To study the sensor behavior and the suitability of BST as multifunctional material under harsh environmental conditions, the sensor chip was exemplarily tested in a biogas digestate.}, language = {en} } @article{RolkaPoghossianSchoening2004, author = {Rolka, David and Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Integration of a capacitive EIS sensor into a FIA system for pH and penicillin determination}, series = {Sensors. 4 (2004)}, journal = {Sensors. 4 (2004)}, isbn = {1424-8220}, pages = {84 -- 94}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianSchoening2004, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Detecting Both Physical and (Bio-)Chemical Parameters by Means of ISFET Devices}, series = {Electroanalysis. 16 (2004), H. 22}, journal = {Electroanalysis. 16 (2004), H. 22}, isbn = {1040-0397}, pages = {1863 -- 1872}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{SiqueiraAbouzarPoghossianetal.2009, author = {Siqueira, Jos{\´e} R. Jr. and Abouzar, Maryam H. and Poghossian, Arshak and Zucolotto, Valtencir and Oliveira, Osvaldo N. Jr. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Penicillin biosensor based on a capacitive field-effect structure functionalized with a dendrimer/carbon nanotube multilayer}, series = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 25 (2009), H. 2}, journal = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 25 (2009), H. 2}, isbn = {0956-5663}, pages = {497 -- 501}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @article{GamellaZakharchenkoGuzetal.2017, author = {Gamella, Maria and Zakharchenko, Andrey and Guz, Nataliia and Masi, Madeline and Minko, Sergiy and Kolpashchikov, Dmitry M. and Iken, Heiko and Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Katz, Evgeny}, title = {DNA computing system activated by electrochemically triggered DNA realease from a polymer-brush-modified electrode array}, series = {Electroanalysis}, volume = {29}, journal = {Electroanalysis}, number = {2}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1521-4109}, doi = {10.1002/elan.201600389}, pages = {398 -- 408}, year = {2017}, abstract = {An array of four independently wired indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes was used for electrochemically stimulated DNA release and activation of DNA-based Identity, AND and XOR logic gates. Single-stranded DNA molecules were loaded on the mixed poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA)/poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brush covalently attached to the ITO electrodes. The DNA deposition was performed at pH 5.0 when the polymer brush is positively charged due to protonation of tertiary amino groups in PDMAEMA, thus resulting in electrostatic attraction of the negatively charged DNA. By applying electrolysis at -1.0 V(vs. Ag/AgCl reference) electrochemical oxygen reduction resulted in the consumption of hydrogen ions and local pH increase near the electrode surface. The process resulted in recharging the polymer brush to the negative state due to dissociation of carboxylic groups of PMAA, thus repulsing the negatively charged DNA and releasing it from the electrode surface. The DNA release was performed in various combinations from different electrodes in the array assembly. The released DNA operated as input signals for activation of the Boolean logic gates. The developed system represents a step forward in DNA computing, combining for the first time DNA chemical processes with electronic input signals.}, language = {en} } @article{AbouzarPoghossianRazavietal.2008, author = {Abouzar, Maryam H. and Poghossian, Arshak and Razavi, Arash and Besmehn, Astrid and Bijnens, Nathalie and Williams, Oliver A. and Haenen, Ken and Wagner, Patrick and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Penicillin detection with nanocrystalline-diamond field-effect sensor}, series = {physica status solidi (a). 205 (2008), H. 9}, journal = {physica status solidi (a). 205 (2008), H. 9}, isbn = {1862-6319}, pages = {2141 -- 2145}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @article{AbouzarIngebrandtPoghossianetal.2009, author = {Abouzar, Maryam H. and Ingebrandt, S. and Poghossian, Arshak and Zhang, Y. and Moritz, W. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Field-effect nanoplate capacitive pH sensor based on SOI structure}, series = {Semiconductor micro- and nanoelectronics : Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference , Tsakhcadzor, Armenia July 3-5 2009}, journal = {Semiconductor micro- and nanoelectronics : Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference , Tsakhcadzor, Armenia July 3-5 2009}, pages = {55 -- 58}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianSchoening2003, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {"High-order" hybrid FET module for (bio)chemical and physical sensing}, series = {Integrated analytical systems / ed. by Salvador Alegret}, journal = {Integrated analytical systems / ed. by Salvador Alegret}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, isbn = {0-444-51037-0}, pages = {587 -- 623}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @article{WuBronderPoghossianetal.2015, author = {Wu, Chunsheng and Bronder, Thomas and Poghossian, Arshak and Werner, Frederik and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Label-free detection of DNA using light-addressable potentiometric sensor modified with a positively charged polyelectrolyte layer}, series = {Nanoscale}, volume = {14}, journal = {Nanoscale}, number = {7}, publisher = {Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)}, address = {Cambridge}, doi = {10.1039/C4NR07225A}, pages = {6143 -- 6150}, year = {2015}, abstract = {A multi-spot (16 spots) light-addressable potentiometric sensor (MLAPS) consisting of an Al-p-Si-SiO2 structure modified with a weak polyelectrolyte layer of PAH (poly(allylamine hydrochloride)) was applied for the label-free electrical detection of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) immobilization and hybridization by the intrinsic molecular charge for the first time. To achieve a preferentially flat orientation of DNA strands and thus, to reduce the distance between the DNA charge and MLAPS surface, the negatively charged probe single-stranded DNAs (ssDNA) were electrostatically adsorbed onto the positively charged PAH layer using a simple layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. In this way, more DNA charge can be positioned within the Debye length, yielding a higher sensor signal. The surface potential changes in each spot induced due to the surface modification steps (PAH adsorption, probe ssDNA immobilization, hybridization with complementary target DNA (cDNA), non-specific adsorption of mismatched ssDNA) were determined from the shifts of photocurrent-voltage curves along the voltage axis. A high sensor signal of 83 mV was registered after immobilization of probe ssDNA onto the PAH layer. The hybridization signal increases from 5 mV to 32 mV with increasing the concentration of cDNA from 0.1 nM to 5 μM. In contrast, a small signal of 5 mV was recorded in the case of non-specific adsorption of fully mismatched ssDNA (5 μM). The obtained results demonstrate the potential of the MLAPS in combination with the simple and rapid LbL immobilization technique as a promising platform for the future development of multi-spot light-addressable label-free DNA chips with direct electrical readout.}, language = {en} } @article{BegingMlynekHataihimakuletal.2010, author = {Beging, Stefan and Mlynek, Daniela and Hataihimakul, Sudkanung and Poghossian, Arshak and Baldsiefen, Gerhard and Busch, Heinz and Laube, Norbert and Kleinen, Lisa and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Field-effect calcium sensor for the determination of the risk of urinary stone formation}, series = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 144 (2010), H. 2}, journal = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 144 (2010), H. 2}, pages = {374 -- 379}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @article{BuniatyanHuckPoghossianetal.2013, author = {Buniatyan, V. and Huck, Christina and Poghossian, Arshak and Aroutiounian, V. M. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {BaxSr1-x TiO3/pc-Si heterojunction}, series = {Armenian journal of physics}, volume = {6}, journal = {Armenian journal of physics}, number = {4}, publisher = {National Academy of Sciences of Armenia}, address = {Yerevan}, issn = {1829-1171}, pages = {177 -- 187}, year = {2013}, language = {en} } @article{YoshinobuEckenPoghossianetal.2001, author = {Yoshinobu, T. and Ecken, H. and Poghossian, Arshak and L{\"u}th, H. and Iwasaki, H. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Alternative sensor materials for light-addressable potentiometric sensors}, series = {Sensors and Actuators B. 76 (2001), H. 1-3}, journal = {Sensors and Actuators B. 76 (2001), H. 1-3}, isbn = {0925-4005}, pages = {388 -- 392}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianAbouzarSakkarietal.2006, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Abouzar, Maryam H. and Sakkari, M. and Kassab, T. and Han, Y. and Ingebrandt, S. and Offenh{\"a}usser, A. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Field-effect sensors for monitoring the layer-by-layer adsorption of charged macromolecules}, series = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 118 (2006), H. 1-2}, journal = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 118 (2006), H. 1-2}, isbn = {0925-4005}, pages = {163 -- 170}, year = {2006}, language = {en} } @article{KraemerPitaZhouetal.2009, author = {Kr{\"a}mer, Melina and Pita, Marcos and Zhou, Jian and Ornatska, Maryna and Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Katz, Evgeny}, title = {Coupling of Biocomputing Systems with Electronic Chips: Electronic Interface for Transduction of Biochemical Information}, series = {Journal of Physical Chemistry C: Nanomaterials and Interfaces. 113 (2009), H. 6}, journal = {Journal of Physical Chemistry C: Nanomaterials and Interfaces. 113 (2009), H. 6}, publisher = {American Cemical Society}, address = {Washington, DC}, isbn = {1932-7455}, pages = {2573 -- 2579}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @article{WuBronderPoghossianetal.2014, author = {Wu, Chunsheng and Bronder, Thomas and Poghossian, Arshak and Werner, Frederik and B{\"a}cker, Matthias and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Label-free electrical detection of DNA with a multi-spot LAPS: First step towards light-addressable DNA chips}, series = {Physica status solidi A : Applications and materials science}, volume = {211}, journal = {Physica status solidi A : Applications and materials science}, number = {6}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1521-396X (E-Journal); 1862-6319 (E-Journal); 0031-8965 (Print); 1862-6300 (Print)}, doi = {10.1002/pssa.201330442}, pages = {1423 -- 1428}, year = {2014}, abstract = {A multi-spot (4 × 4 spots) light-addressable potentiometric sensor (MLAPS) consisting of an Al-p-Si-SiO2 structure has been applied for the label-free electrical detection of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) immobilization and hybridization by the intrinsic molecular charge for the first time. Single-stranded probe ssDNA molecules (20 bases) were covalently immobilized onto the silanized SiO2 gate surface. The unspecific adsorption of mismatch ssDNA on the MLAPS gate surface was blocked by bovine serum albumin molecules. To reduce the screening effect and to achieve a high sensor signal, the measurements were performed in a low ionic-strength solution. The photocurrent-voltage (I-V) curves were simultaneously recorded on all 16 spots after each surface functionalization step. Large shifts of I-V curves of 25 mV were registered after the DNA immobilization and hybridization event. In contrast, a small potential shift (∼5 mV) was observed in case of mismatch ssDNA, revealing good specificity of the sensor. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of the MLAPS as promising transducer platform for the multi-spot label-free electrical detection of DNA molecules by their intrinsic molecular charge.}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianWeldenBuniatyanetal.2021, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Welden, Rene and Buniatyan, Vahe V. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {An Array of On-Chip Integrated, Individually Addressable Capacitive Field-Effect Sensors with Control Gate: Design and Modelling}, series = {Sensors}, volume = {21}, journal = {Sensors}, number = {18}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1424-8220}, doi = {10.3390/s21186161}, pages = {17}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The on-chip integration of multiple biochemical sensors based on field-effect electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitors (EISCAP) is challenging due to technological difficulties in realization of electrically isolated EISCAPs on the same Si chip. In this work, we present a new simple design for an array of on-chip integrated, individually electrically addressable EISCAPs with an additional control gate (CG-EISCAP). The existence of the CG enables an addressable activation or deactivation of on-chip integrated individual CG-EISCAPs by simple electrical switching the CG of each sensor in various setups, and makes the new design capable for multianalyte detection without cross-talk effects between the sensors in the array. The new designed CG-EISCAP chip was modelled in so-called floating/short-circuited and floating/capacitively-coupled setups, and the corresponding electrical equivalent circuits were developed. In addition, the capacitance-voltage curves of the CG-EISCAP chip in different setups were simulated and compared with that of a single EISCAP sensor. Moreover, the sensitivity of the CG-EISCAP chip to surface potential changes induced by biochemical reactions was simulated and an impact of different parameters, such as gate voltage, insulator thickness and doping concentration in Si, on the sensitivity has been discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{MolinnusPoghossianKeusgenetal.2017, author = {Molinnus, Denise and Poghossian, Arshak and Keusgen, Michael and Katz, Evgeny and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Coupling of Biomolecular Logic Gates with Electronic Transducers: From Single Enzyme Logic Gates to Sense/Act/Treat Chips}, series = {Electroanalysis}, volume = {29}, journal = {Electroanalysis}, number = {8}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1521-4109}, doi = {10.1002/elan.201700208}, pages = {1840 -- 1849}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The integration of biomolecular logic principles with electronic transducers allows designing novel digital biosensors with direct electrical output, logically triggered drug-release, and closed-loop sense/act/treat systems. This opens new opportunities for advanced personalized medicine in the context of theranostics. In the present work, we will discuss selected examples of recent developments in the field of interfacing enzyme logic gates with electrodes and semiconductor field-effect devices. Special attention is given to an enzyme OR/Reset logic gate based on a capacitive field-effect electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor sensor modified with a multi-enzyme membrane. Further examples are a digital adrenaline biosensor based on an AND logic gate with binary YES/NO output and an integrated closed-loop sense/act/treat system comprising an amperometric glucose sensor, a hydrogel actuator, and an insulin (drug) sensor.}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianYoshinobuSimonisetal.2001, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Yoshinobu, Tatsuo and Simonis, A. and Ecken, H. and L{\"u}th, Hans and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Penicillin detection by means of field-effect based sensors: EnFET, capacitive EIS sensor or LAPS?}, series = {Sensors and Actuators B. 78 (2001), H. 1-3}, journal = {Sensors and Actuators B. 78 (2001), H. 1-3}, isbn = {0925-4005}, pages = {237 -- 242}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianSchoening2007, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Chemical and biological field-effect sensors for liquids - a status report}, series = {Handbook of biosensors and biochips / ed. Robert S. Marks ... Bd. 1}, journal = {Handbook of biosensors and biochips / ed. Robert S. Marks ... Bd. 1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Chichester}, isbn = {978-0-470-01905-4}, pages = {395 -- 412}, year = {2007}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianWeilCherstvyetal.2013, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Weil, M. and Cherstvy, A. G. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Electrical monitoring of polyelectrolyte multilayer formation by means of capacitive field-effect devices}, series = {Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry}, volume = {405}, journal = {Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry}, number = {20}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1432-1130 ; 1618-2642}, doi = {10.1007/s00216-013-6951-9}, pages = {6425 -- 6436}, year = {2013}, abstract = {The semiconductor field-effect platform represents a powerful tool for detecting the adsorption and binding of charged macromolecules with direct electrical readout. In this work, a capacitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensor consisting of an Al-p-Si-SiO2 structure has been applied for real-time in situ electrical monitoring of the layer-by-layer formation of polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayers (PEM). The PEMs were deposited directly onto the SiO2 surface without any precursor layer or drying procedures. Anionic poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) and cationic weak polyelectrolyte poly(allylamine hydrochloride) have been chosen as a model system. The effect of the ionic strength of the solution, polyelectrolyte concentration, number and polarity of the PE layers on the characteristics of the PEM-modified EIS sensors have been studied by means of capacitance-voltage and constant-capacitance methods. In addition, the thickness, surface morphology, roughness and wettabilityof the PE mono- and multilayers have been characterised by ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy and water contact-angle methods, respectively. To explain potential oscillations on the gate surface and signal behaviour of the capacitive field-effect EIS sensor modified with a PEM, a simplified electrostatic model that takes into account the reduced electrostatic screening of PE charges by mobile ions within the PEM has been proposed and discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{MolinnusBaeckerSiegertetal.2015, author = {Molinnus, Denise and B{\"a}cker, Matthias and Siegert, Petra and Willenberg, H. and Poghossian, Arshak and Keusgen, M. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Detection of Adrenaline Based on Substrate Recycling Amplification}, series = {Procedia Engineering}, volume = {120}, journal = {Procedia Engineering}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {1877-7058}, doi = {10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.708}, pages = {540 -- 543}, year = {2015}, abstract = {An amperometric enzyme biosensor has been applied for the detection of adrenaline. The adrenaline biosensor has been prepared by modification of an oxygen electrode with the enzyme laccase that operates at a broad pH range between pH 3.5 to pH 8. The enzyme molecules were immobilized via cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The sensitivity of the developed adrenaline biosensor in different pH buffer solutions has been studied.}, language = {en} } @article{AbouzarPoghossianCherstvyetal.2012, author = {Abouzar, Maryam H. and Poghossian, Arshak and Cherstvy, Andrey G. and Pedraza, Angela M. and Ingebrandt, Sven and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Label-free electrical detection of DNA by means of field-effect nanoplate capacitors: Experiments and modeling}, series = {Physica Status Solidi (a)}, volume = {209}, journal = {Physica Status Solidi (a)}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1862-6319}, doi = {10.1002/pssa.201100710}, pages = {925 -- 934}, year = {2012}, abstract = {Label-free electrical detection of consecutive deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) hybridization/denaturation by means of an array of individually addressable field-effect-based nanoplate silicon-on-insulator (SOI) capacitors modified with gold nanoparticles (Au-NP) is investigated. The proposed device detects charge changes on Au-NP/DNA hybrids induced by the hybridization or denaturation event. DNA hybridization was performed in a high ionic-strength solution to provide a high hybridization efficiency. On the other hand, to reduce the screening of the DNA charge by counter ions and to achieve a high sensitivity, the sensor signal induced by the hybridization and denaturation events was measured in a low ionic-strength solution. High sensor signals of about 120, 90, and 80 mV were registered after the DNA hybridization, denaturation, and re-hybridization events, respectively. Fluorescence microscopy has been applied as reference method to verify the DNA immobilization, hybridization, and denaturation processes. An electrostatic charge-plane model for potential changes at the gate surface of a nanoplate field-effect sensor induced by the DNA hybridization has been developed taking into account both the Debye length and the distance of the DNA charge from the gate surface.}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianGeisslerSchoening2019, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Geissler, Hanno and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Rapid methods and sensors for milk quality monitoring and spoilage detection}, series = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics}, volume = {140}, journal = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics}, number = {Article 111272}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0956-5663}, doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.040}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianWagnerSchoening2009, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Wagner, Holger and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Functional testing and characterisation of (bio-)chemical sensors on wafer level}, series = {Procedia Chemistry. 1 (2009), H. 1}, journal = {Procedia Chemistry. 1 (2009), H. 1}, isbn = {1876-6196}, pages = {835 -- 838}, year = {2009}, language = {en} }