@inproceedings{AchenbachBoschBreitbachetal.2013,
  author    = {Achenbach, Timm and Bosch, Timo and Breitbach, Gerd and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Sauerborn, Markus},
  title     = {Theoretical and experimental investigations regarding open volumetric receivers of CRS},
  series = {Energy procedia : proceedings of the SolarPACES 2013 International Conference},
  volume    = {Vol. 49},
  booktitle = {Energy procedia : proceedings of the SolarPACES 2013 International Conference},
  issn      = {1876-6102},
  pages     = {1259 -- 1268},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AchenbachBoschBreitbachetal.2013,
  author    = {Achenbach, Timm and Bosch, Timo and Breitbach, Gerd and Sauerborn, Markus},
  title     = {Simulation zur Absorption und W{\"a}rme{\"u}bertragung an Solarturmabsorbern},
  series = {77. Jahrestagung der DPG und DPG-Fr{\"u}hjahrstagung : 4.-8.3.2013},
  booktitle = {77. Jahrestagung der DPG und DPG-Fr{\"u}hjahrstagung : 4.-8.3.2013},
  organization    = {Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft},
  pages     = {1 -- 14},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{AchenbachGeimerGoettscheetal.2011,
  author    = {Achenbach, Timm and Geimer, K. and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Lynen, A. and Bauer, J.},
  title     = {Simulation and flow measurements of volumetric high temperature absorbers for solar tower power plants},
  series = {SolarPACES 2011 : concentrating solar power and chemical energy systems : 20 - 23 September, 2011, Granada, Spain},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES 2011 : concentrating solar power and chemical energy systems : 20 - 23 September, 2011, Granada, Spain},
  address   = {Granada},
  pages     = {1 CD-ROM},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AchenbachGeimerLynenetal.2012,
  author    = {Achenbach, Timm and Geimer, Konstantin and Lynen, Arthur and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard},
  title     = {Simulation of thermo-mechanical processes in open volumetric absorber modules},
  series = {SolarPaces 2012 : concentrating solar power and chemical energy systems : Sept. 11 - 14 2012, Marrakech, Marokko},
  booktitle = {SolarPaces 2012 : concentrating solar power and chemical energy systems : Sept. 11 - 14 2012, Marrakech, Marokko},
  pages     = {1 -- 8},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AchenbachGoettscheKaufholdetal.2011,
  author    = {Achenbach, Timm and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Kaufhold, O. and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard},
  title     = {Development of an edge module for open volumetric receiver for the use of the radiation at the receiver boundary region},
  series = {SolarPACES 2011 : concentrating solar power and chemical energy systems : 20 - 23 September, 2011, Granada, Spain},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES 2011 : concentrating solar power and chemical energy systems : 20 - 23 September, 2011, Granada, Spain},
  address   = {Granada},
  pages     = {1 CD-ROM},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{AdlerHeymerRichteretal.2009,
  author    = {Adler, J. and Heymer, H. and Richter, H. J. and Fend, Th. and Smirnova, O. and Rietbrock, P. and Petchenko, A. and Issendorff, F. v. and Steven, M. and Trimis, D. and Gonsior, Daniel and Helsper, Christoph and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard},
  title     = {INNOTRAP - innovative Rußfilter f{\"u}r LKW-Dieselmotoren : Abschlussbericht F{\"o}rderkennzeichen 16IN0313},
  pages     = {245 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{AgrafiotisMavroidisKonstandopoulosetal.2007,
  author    = {Agrafiotis, Christos C. and Mavroidis, Ilias and Konstandopoulos, Athansios G. and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Stobbe, Per and Romero, Manuel and Fernandez-Quero, Valerio},
  title     = {Evaluation of porous silicon carbide monolithic honeycombs as volumetric receivers/collectors of concentrated solar radiation},
  series = {Solar energy materials and solar cells},
  volume    = {Vol. 91},
  journal   = {Solar energy materials and solar cells},
  number    = {Iss. 6},
  issn      = {1879-3398 (E-Journal); 0927-0248 (Print)},
  pages     = {474 -- 488},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AhlbrinkAlexopoulosAnderssonetal.2009,
  author    = {Ahlbrink, N. and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Andersson, J. and Belhomme, B. and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Gall, J. and Hirsch, T.},
  title     = {viCERP - the Virtual Institute of Central Receiver Power Plant},
  series = {MATHMOD 2009 - 6th Vienna International Conference on Mathematical Modelling : February 11 - 13, 2009, Vienna, Austria. ARGESIM Report. No. 35},
  booktitle = {MATHMOD 2009 - 6th Vienna International Conference on Mathematical Modelling : February 11 - 13, 2009, Vienna, Austria. ARGESIM Report. No. 35},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-901608-35-3},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Alexopoulos2012,
  author    = {Alexopoulos, Spiros},
  title     = {Biogas systems: basics, biogas multifunction, principle of fermentation and hybrid application with a solar tower for the treatment of waste animal manure},
  series = {Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review},
  volume    = {5},
  journal   = {Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {1791-2377},
  pages     = {48 -- 55},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Two of the main environmental problems of today's society are the continuously increasing production of organic wastes as well as the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the related green house effect. A way to solve these problems is the production of biogas. Biogas is a combustible gas consisting of methane, carbon dioxide and small amounts of other gases and trace elements. Production of biogas through anaerobic digestion of animal manure and slurries as well as of a wide range of digestible organic wastes and agricultural residues, converts these substrates into electricity and heat and offers a natural fertiliser for agriculture. The microbiological process of decomposition of organic matter, in the absence of oxygen takes place in reactors, called digesters. Biogas can be used as a fuel in a gas turbine or burner and can be used in a hybrid solar tower system offering a solution for waste treatment of agricultural and animal residues. A solar tower system consists of a heliostat field, which concentrates direct solar irradiation on an open volumetric central receiver. The receiver heats up ambient air to temperatures of around 700°C. The hot air's heat energy is transferred to a steam Rankine cycle in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). The steam drives a steam turbine, which in turn drives a generator for producing electricity. In order to increase the operational hours of a solar tower power plant, a heat storage system and/ or hybridization may be considered. The advantage of solar-fossil hybrid power plants, compared to solar-only systems, lies in low additional investment costs due to an adaptable solar share and reduced technical and economical risks. On sunny days the hybrid system operates in a solar-only mode with the central receiver and on cloudy days and at night with the gas turbine only. As an alternative to methane gas, environmentally neutral biogas can be used for operating the gas turbine. Hence, the hybrid system is operated to 100\% from renewable energy sources},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Alexopoulos2013,
  author    = {Alexopoulos, Spiros},
  title     = {Biomass technology and bio-fuels: Heating/cooling and power},
  series = {Renewable energy systems : theory, innovations, and intelligent applications / eds.: Socrates Kaplanis and Eleni Kaplani},
  booktitle = {Renewable energy systems : theory, innovations, and intelligent applications / eds.: Socrates Kaplanis and Eleni Kaplani},
  publisher = {Nova Science Publ.},
  address   = {Hauppauge, NY},
  isbn      = {9781624177415},
  pages     = {501 -- 523},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Alexopoulos2015,
  author    = {Alexopoulos, Spiros},
  title     = {Simulation model for the transient process behaviour of solar aluminium recycling in a rotary kiln},
  series = {Applied Thermal Engineering},
  volume    = {78},
  journal   = {Applied Thermal Engineering},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1359-4311},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.01.007},
  pages     = {387 -- 396},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AlexopoulosBreitbachHoffschmidt2009,
  author    = {Alexopoulos, Spiros and Breitbach, Gerd and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard},
  title     = {Optimization of the channel form geometry of porous ReSiC ceramic membrane modules},
  series = {Proceedings / International Conference \& Exhibition for Filtration and Separation Technology, FILTECH 2009 : October 13 - 15, 2009, Wiesbaden, Germany. Vol. 2},
  booktitle = {Proceedings / International Conference \& Exhibition for Filtration and Separation Technology, FILTECH 2009 : October 13 - 15, 2009, Wiesbaden, Germany. Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Filtech Exhibitions Germany},
  address   = {Meerbusch},
  isbn      = {978-3-941655-36-2},
  pages     = {686 -- 693},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AlexopoulosHoffschmidt2017,
  author    = {Alexopoulos, Spiros and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard},
  title     = {Advances in solar tower technology},
  series = {Wiley interdisciplinary reviews : Energy and Environment : WIREs},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Wiley interdisciplinary reviews : Energy and Environment : WIREs},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {2041-840X},
  doi       = {10.1002/wene.217},
  pages     = {1 -- 19},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AlexopoulosHoffschmidtRau2011,
  author    = {Alexopoulos, Spiros and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Rau, Christoph},
  title     = {Comparison of steady-state and transient simulations for solar tower power plants with open-volumetric receiver},
  series = {SolarPACES 2011 : concentrating solar power and chemical energy systems : 20 - 23 September, 2011, Granada, Spain},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES 2011 : concentrating solar power and chemical energy systems : 20 - 23 September, 2011, Granada, Spain},
  address   = {Granada},
  pages     = {1 CD-ROM},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AlexopoulosHoffschmidtRauetal.2012,
  author    = {Alexopoulos, Spiros and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Rau, Christoph and Sattler, Johannes, Christoph},
  title     = {Simulation of hybrid solar tower power plants},
  series = {30th ISES Biennial Solar World Congress 2011 : Kassel, Germany, 28 August - 2 September 2011. Vol. 5},
  booktitle = {30th ISES Biennial Solar World Congress 2011 : Kassel, Germany, 28 August - 2 September 2011. Vol. 5},
  publisher = {Curran},
  address   = {Red Hook, NY},
  organization    = {International Solar Energy Society},
  pages     = {4044 -- 4050},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AlexopoulosHoffschmidtRauetal.2011,
  author    = {Alexopoulos, Spiros and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Rau, Christoph and Sattler, Johannes, Christoph},
  title     = {Choice of solar share of a hybrid power plant of a central receiver system and a biogas plant in dependency of the geographical latitude},
  series = {World Renewable Energy Congress-Sweden : 8 -13 May, 2011, Link{\"o}ping, Sweden / ed.: Bahram Moshfegh},
  booktitle = {World Renewable Energy Congress-Sweden : 8 -13 May, 2011, Link{\"o}ping, Sweden / ed.: Bahram Moshfegh},
  publisher = {Univ. Electronic Pr.},
  address   = {Link{\"o}ping},
  isbn      = {9789173930703},
  pages     = {3710 -- 3717},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AlexopoulosHoffschmidtRauetal.2010,
  author    = {Alexopoulos, Spiros and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Rau, Christoph and Schmitz, M. and Schwarzb{\"o}zl, P. and Pomp, Stefan},
  title     = {Simulation results for a hybridized operation of a gas turbine or a burner for a small solar tower power plant},
  series = {SolarPACES 2010 : the CSP Conference: electricity, fuels and clean water from concentrated solar energy ; 21 to 24 September 2010, Perpignan, France},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES 2010 : the CSP Conference: electricity, fuels and clean water from concentrated solar energy ; 21 to 24 September 2010, Perpignan, France},
  publisher = {Soc. OSC},
  address   = {Saint Maur},
  pages     = {82 -- 83},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AlexopoulosHoffschmidtRauetal.2009,
  author    = {Alexopoulos, Spiros and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Rau, Christoph and Schwarzb{\"o}zl, Peter},
  title     = {Simulation results for a hybridization concept of a small solar tower power plant},
  series = {SolarPACES 2009 : electricity, fuels and clean water powered by the sun ; 15 - 18 September 2009, Berlin, Germany ; the 15th SolarPACES conference ; proceedings},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES 2009 : electricity, fuels and clean water powered by the sun ; 15 - 18 September 2009, Berlin, Germany ; the 15th SolarPACES conference ; proceedings},
  publisher = {Deutsches Zentrum f. Luft- u. Raumfahrt},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  isbn      = {9783000287558},
  pages     = {1 CD-ROM},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AlexopoulosKluczkaVaessenetal.2012,
  author    = {Alexopoulos, Spiros and Kluczka, Sven and Vaeßen, Christiane and Roeb, M. and Neises, M.},
  title     = {Scenario development for efficient methanol production using CO2 and solar energy},
  series = {Eurosun 2012 : Solar energy for a brighter future : conference proceedings : Rijeka, 18.-22.09.2012},
  booktitle = {Eurosun 2012 : Solar energy for a brighter future : conference proceedings : Rijeka, 18.-22.09.2012},
  address   = {Rijeka},
  pages     = {ID 99},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AlexopoulosRauHoffschmidtetal.2012,
  author    = {Alexopoulos, Spiros and Rau, Christoph and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Breitbach, Gerd and Latzke, Markus},
  title     = {Modelling and validation of a transient heat recovery steam generator of the solar tower power plant Juelich},
  series = {Eurosun 2012 : Solar energy for a brighter future : conference proceedings : Rijeka, 18.-22.09.2012},
  booktitle = {Eurosun 2012 : Solar energy for a brighter future : conference proceedings : Rijeka, 18.-22.09.2012},
  address   = {Rijeka},
  pages     = {ID 97},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AlexopoulosRauSattleretal.2011,
  author    = {Alexopoulos, Spiros and Rau, Christoph and Sattler, Johannes, Christoph and Kronhardt, Valentina and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard},
  title     = {Simulation von Solarturmkraftwerken mit offenem volumetrischen Receiver am Standort Italien},
  series = {Forschung und Entwicklung f{\"u}r solarthermische Kraftwerke : 14. K{\"o}lner Sonnenkolloquium Mittwoch, 13. Juli 2011, im Auditorium des Campus J{\"u}lich der FH Aachen : Kurzfassungen der Vortr{\"a}ge und Poster},
  booktitle = {Forschung und Entwicklung f{\"u}r solarthermische Kraftwerke : 14. K{\"o}lner Sonnenkolloquium Mittwoch, 13. Juli 2011, im Auditorium des Campus J{\"u}lich der FH Aachen : Kurzfassungen der Vortr{\"a}ge und Poster},
  publisher = {DLR},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  pages     = {4 S.},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{AnderssonAhlbrinkGalletal.2011,
  author    = {Andersson, J. and Ahlbrink, N. and Gall, Jan and Hirsch, T. and Nolte, V. and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e}},
  title     = {VICERP - dynamische Simulation von Solarturmkraftwerken},
  series = {Forschung und Entwicklung f{\"u}r solarthermische Kraftwerke : 14. K{\"o}lner Sonnenkolloquium Mittwoch, 13. Juli 2011, im Auditorium des Campus J{\"u}lich der FH Aachen : Kurzfassungen der Vortr{\"a}ge und Poster},
  booktitle = {Forschung und Entwicklung f{\"u}r solarthermische Kraftwerke : 14. K{\"o}lner Sonnenkolloquium Mittwoch, 13. Juli 2011, im Auditorium des Campus J{\"u}lich der FH Aachen : Kurzfassungen der Vortr{\"a}ge und Poster},
  publisher = {DLR},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  pages     = {2 S.},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Anthrakidis2012,
  author    = {Anthrakidis, Anette},
  title     = {Pr{\"u}feinrichtung zur Bestimmung der Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit von solarthermischen Kollektoren bis 200 Grad C},
  series = {22. Symposium Thermische Solarenergie : 09. bis 11. Mai 2012, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein},
  booktitle = {22. Symposium Thermische Solarenergie : 09. bis 11. Mai 2012, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein},
  publisher = {OTTI},
  address   = {Regensburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-941785-89-2},
  pages     = {134 -- 135},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Anthrakidis2010,
  author    = {Anthrakidis, Anette},
  title     = {Schnelltest zur Absch{\"a}tzung der Wirkungsgradkennlinie von Parabolrinnenkollektoren},
  series = {Thermische Solarenergie : 20. Symposium ; 05. bis 07. Mai 2010, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein},
  booktitle = {Thermische Solarenergie : 20. Symposium ; 05. bis 07. Mai 2010, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein},
  publisher = {OTTI},
  address   = {Regensburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-941785-29-8},
  pages     = {112 -- 117},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Anthrakidis2010,
  author    = {Anthrakidis, Anette},
  title     = {Solare-Prozessw{\"a}rme-Standards (Sol-Pro-St)},
  series = {Thermische Solarenergie : 20. Symposium ; 05. bis 07. Mai 2010, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein},
  booktitle = {Thermische Solarenergie : 20. Symposium ; 05. bis 07. Mai 2010, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein},
  publisher = {OTTI},
  address   = {Regensburg},
  isbn      = {978-3-941785-29-8},
  pages     = {182 -- 187},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{AnthrakidisHerrmannMirzaetal.2014,
  author    = {Anthrakidis, Anette and Herrmann, Ulf and Mirza, M. F. and Schorn, Christian and Schwarzer, Klemens and Wedding, Philipp and Weis, Fabian},
  title     = {Parabolrinnenentwicklung und Qualifizierung am Solar-Institut J{\"u}lich},
  series = {Thermische Solarenergie : 24. Symposium ; 7. bis 9. Mai 2014, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein},
  booktitle = {Thermische Solarenergie : 24. Symposium ; 7. bis 9. Mai 2014, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein},
  publisher = {OTTI},
  address   = {Regensburg},
  organization    = {Ostbayerisches Technologie-Transfer-Institut},
  isbn      = {978-3-943891-35-5},
  pages     = {242 -- 243},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{AnthrakidisHerrmannSchornetal.2015,
  author    = {Anthrakidis, Anette and Herrmann, Ulf and Schorn, Christian and Schwarzer, Klemens and Wedding, Philipp},
  title     = {Weiterentwicklung und Erprobung eines neuartigen Verfahrens zur Bestimmung der Effizienz von konzentrierenden solarthermischen Kollektoren},
  series = {25. OTTI Symposium Thermische Solarenergie},
  booktitle = {25. OTTI Symposium Thermische Solarenergie},
  pages     = {15 Seiten},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{AnthrakidisHerrmannSchornetal.2015,
  author    = {Anthrakidis, Anette and Herrmann, Ulf and Schorn, Christian and Schwarzer, Klemens and Wedding, Philipp and Weis, Fabian},
  title     = {Development and Testing of a Novel Method for the Determination of the Efficiency of Concentrating Solar Thermal Collectors},
  series = {Conference Proceedings Solar World Congress 2015, Daegu, Korea, 08 - 12 November 2015},
  booktitle = {Conference Proceedings Solar World Congress 2015, Daegu, Korea, 08 - 12 November 2015},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{AnthrakidisJahnRitzetal.2013,
  author    = {Anthrakidis, Anette and Jahn, Roland and Ritz, Thomas and Sch{\"o}ttler, Mirjam and Wallenborn, Ramona and Warmke, Gisela},
  title     = {Urbanes eCarSharing in einer vernetzten Gesellschaft},
  edition   = {1. Aufl.},
  publisher = {Steinbeis-Edition},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  isbn      = {978-3-943356-70-0},
  pages     = {148 S. : zahlr. Ill. und graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{AnthrakidisRusackSchwarzer2010,
  author    = {Anthrakidis, Anette and Rusack, Markus and Schwarzer, Klemens},
  title     = {Low effort measurement method of PTC-efficiency},
  series = {SolarPACES 2010 : the CSP conference: electricity, fuels and clean water from concentrated solar energy ; 21 to 24 September 2010, Perpignan, France},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES 2010 : the CSP conference: electricity, fuels and clean water from concentrated solar energy ; 21 to 24 September 2010, Perpignan, France},
  publisher = {Soc. OSC},
  address   = {Saint Maur},
  pages     = {48 -- 49},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AringhoffGeyerHerrmannetal.2002,
  author    = {Aringhoff, R. and Geyer, Michael and Herrmann, Ulf and Kistner, Rainer and Nava, P. and Osuna, R.},
  title     = {AndaSol : 50MW Solar Plants with 9 Hour Storage for Southern Spain},
  series = {Proceedings of the 11th SolarPACES International Symposium on Concentrated Solar Power and Chemical Energy Technologies : September 4 - 6, 2002, Zurich, Switzerland / Paul Scherrer Institut, PSI; ETH, Eidgen{\"o}ssische Technische Hochschule Z{\"u}rich},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th SolarPACES International Symposium on Concentrated Solar Power and Chemical Energy Technologies : September 4 - 6, 2002, Zurich, Switzerland / Paul Scherrer Institut, PSI; ETH, Eidgen{\"o}ssische Technische Hochschule Z{\"u}rich},
  editor    = {Steinfeld, Aldo},
  publisher = {Paul Scherrer Inst.},
  address   = {Villingen},
  isbn      = {3-9521409-3-7},
  pages     = {37 -- 42},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@techreport{AyarFielenbachGrossetal.2003,
  author    = {Ayar, A. and Fielenbach, C. and Groß, Rolf Fritz and Holfeld, T. and Lockemann, S. and Severin, C. and Thulfaut, Christian and Hillemacher, B.},
  title     = {Druckkohlenstaubverbrennung von rheinischer Braunkohle : Abschlussbericht},
  pages     = {119 Seiten},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {Im Rahmen des Forschungsschwerpunkts 3 wurde experimentell und theoretisch die NO{sub x}-Bildung und -Reduktion bei der Druckkohlenstaubverbrennung untersucht. Der zuvor beschriebene Einfluss der Kohlemahlung auf die Flamme konnte auch anhand der NO{sub x}-Messungen an der DKSF-Anlage Aachen bestaetigt werden. Waehrend mit Braunkohle im Staubfeuerungsbetrieb noch keine eindeutige Druckabhaengigkeit nachgewiesen werden konnte, haben vom Lehrstuhl durchgefuehrte NO{sub x}-Messungen an der DKSF-Anlage Dorsten im Schmelzkammerfeuerungsbetrieb mit der Steinkohle Spitzbergen zwischen 9 und 13 bar ein Absinken der Stickoxidkonzentrationen mit steigendem Druck ergeben. Fuer die rheinische Braunkohle soll dieser Druckeinfluss in den naechsten Versuchsfahrten ausfuehrlicher untersucht werden. Es wurde anhand von numerischen Simulationen zu einer Braunkohleflamme der 6. Versuchsfahrt ein Vergleich zwischen der NO{sub x}-Modellierung im Standard-FLUENT-Code und in dem mit User Defined Subroutines der international flame research foundation (IFRF), Ijmuiden, erweiterten FLUENT-Code vorgenommen. Es zeigte sich, dass bei der Modellierung der Stickoxidbildung die unterschiedlich vorhergesagten Flammentemperaturen eine entscheidende Rolle spielen. Eine genauere Analyse der NO{sub x}-Modelle im Vergleich zu Messergebnissen ist bei einer Schmelzkammerfeuerung mit einer stabilen Flamme vorzunehmen. Es wurden zusaetzlich Messungen zur Untersuchung der Kinetik homogener Gasphasenreaktionen in Rauchgasen an einem Stahlreaktor durchgefuehrt. Dabei wurde sowohl der thermisch bedingte als auch der durch zudosierte Additive katalysierte Abbau nitroser Komponenten betrachtet. Vergleichend wurden mit einem am Lehrstuhl entwickelten Programm die Kinetik beschrieben. Hierbei wird mit einer Sensitivitaetsanalyse eine Reduzierung der detaillierten Darstellung der Reaktionskinetik erreicht, die es erlaubt, mit einem CFD-Code wie FLUENT zwei- und dreidimensionale Rechnungen zum Abbau verschiedener Rauchgaskomponenten durchzufuehren. Die Uebereinstimmung zwischen ein- und zweidimensionalen Rechnungen und den Messungen ist gut.},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{BackesFaberHafneretal.1998,
  author    = {Backes, Klaus and Faber, Christian and Hafner, Bernd and Schwarzer, Klemens},
  title     = {Parameteridentifikation an thermischen Speichern},
  series = {8. Symposium Thermische Solarenergie : Ort: Bildungszentrum der Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung, Kloster Banz, Staffelstein. Termin: 13. - 15. Mai 1998 / OTTI, Technologie-Kolleg},
  booktitle = {8. Symposium Thermische Solarenergie : Ort: Bildungszentrum der Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung, Kloster Banz, Staffelstein. Termin: 13. - 15. Mai 1998 / OTTI, Technologie-Kolleg},
  publisher = {OTTI},
  address   = {Regensburg},
  pages     = {293 -- 297},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{BansalKleemannMeliss1990,
  author    = {Bansal, Narenda K. and Kleemann, Manfred and Meliß, Michael},
  title     = {Renewable energy sources and conversion technology},
  publisher = {Tata McGraw-Hill},
  address   = {New Delhi [u.a.]},
  isbn      = {0-07-460023-0},
  pages     = {XI, 454 S. Ill., graph. Darst.},
  year      = {1990},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BaumannTeixeiraBouraGoettscheetal.2010,
  author    = {Baumann, T. and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and O'Connell, B. and Schmitz, S. and Zunft, S.},
  title     = {Air/Sand heat exchanger design and materials for solar thermal power plant applications},
  series = {SolarPACES 2010 : the CSP Conference: electricity, fuels and clean water from concentrated solar energy ; 21 to 24 September 2010, Perpignan, France},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES 2010 : the CSP Conference: electricity, fuels and clean water from concentrated solar energy ; 21 to 24 September 2010, Perpignan, France},
  publisher = {Soc. OSC},
  address   = {Saint Maur},
  pages     = {146 -- 147},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BaumannTeixeiraBouraEcksteinetal.2012,
  author    = {Baumann, Torsten and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Eckstein, Julian and Dabrowski, Jan and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Schmitz, Stefan and Zunft, Stefan},
  title     = {Properties of bulk materials for high-temperature air-sand heat exchangers},
  series = {30th ISES Biennial Solar World Congress 2011 : Kassel, Germany, 28 August - 2 September 2011. Vol. 2},
  booktitle = {30th ISES Biennial Solar World Congress 2011 : Kassel, Germany, 28 August - 2 September 2011. Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Curran},
  address   = {Red Hook, NY},
  organization    = {International Solar Energy Society},
  isbn      = {978-1-61839-364-7},
  pages     = {1270 -- 1278},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BaumannTeixeiraBouraEcksteinetal.2011,
  author    = {Baumann, Torsten and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Eckstein, Julian and Felinks, Jan and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Schmitz, Stefan and Zunft, Stefan},
  title     = {Air-sand heat exchanger},
  series = {6th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference (IRES 2011) : November 28 - 30, 2011, bcc Berlin Congress Center, Berlin, Germany / EUROSOLAR ...},
  booktitle = {6th International Renewable Energy Storage Conference (IRES 2011) : November 28 - 30, 2011, bcc Berlin Congress Center, Berlin, Germany / EUROSOLAR ...},
  publisher = {Eurosolar},
  address   = {Bonn},
  pages     = {1 CD-ROM},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{BaumannTeixeiraBouraGoettscheetal.2011,
  author    = {Baumann, Torsten and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Schmitz, Stefan and Zunft, Stefan},
  title     = {Air-sand heat exchanger: materials and flow properties},
  series = {SolarPACES 2011 : concentrating solar power and chemical energy systems : 20 - 23 September, 2011, Granada, Spain},
  booktitle = {SolarPACES 2011 : concentrating solar power and chemical energy systems : 20 - 23 September, 2011, Granada, Spain},
  address   = {Granada},
  pages     = {1 CD-ROM},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BeckmoellerWoltersBreitbachetal.1995,
  author    = {Beckm{\"o}ller, S. and Wolters, J. and Breitbach, Gerd and Penkalla, H. J. and Schubert, F.},
  title     = {Microstructural dependent constitutive equation for inelastic analysis of internally cooled IN 738 LC turbine blades},
  series = {Materials for advanced power engineering 1994 : proceedings of a conference held in Liege, Belgium, 3 - 6 Oct. 1994},
  booktitle = {Materials for advanced power engineering 1994 : proceedings of a conference held in Liege, Belgium, 3 - 6 Oct. 1994},
  publisher = {Kluwer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  isbn      = {0792330749},
  pages     = {829 -- 839},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BlankeDringVonteinetal.2018,
  author    = {Blanke, Tobias and Dring, Bernd and Vontein, Marius and Kuhnhenne, Markus},
  title     = {Climate Change Mitigation Potentials of Vertical Building Integrated Photovoltaic},
  series = {8th International Workshop on Integration of Solar Power into Power Systems : 16-17 October 2018, Stockholm, Sweden},
  booktitle = {8th International Workshop on Integration of Solar Power into Power Systems : 16-17 October 2018, Stockholm, Sweden},
  pages     = {1 -- 7},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BlankeHagenkampDoeringetal.2021,
  author    = {Blanke, Tobias and Hagenkamp, Markus and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Reger, Vitali and Kuhnhenne, Markus},
  title     = {Net-exergetic, hydraulic and thermal optimization of coaxial heat exchangers using fixed flow conditions instead of fixed flow rates},
  series = {Geothermal Energy},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Geothermal Energy},
  number    = {Article number: 19},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {2195-9706},
  doi       = {10.1186/s40517-021-00201-3},
  pages     = {23 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Previous studies optimized the dimensions of coaxial heat exchangers using constant mass fow rates as a boundary condition. They show a thermal optimal circular ring width of nearly zero. Hydraulically optimal is an inner to outer pipe radius ratio of 0.65 for turbulent and 0.68 for laminar fow types. In contrast, in this study, fow conditions in the circular ring are kept constant (a set of fxed Reynolds numbers) during optimization. This approach ensures fxed fow conditions and prevents inappropriately high or low mass fow rates. The optimization is carried out for three objectives: Maximum energy gain, minimum hydraulic efort and eventually optimum net-exergy balance. The optimization changes the inner pipe radius and mass fow rate but not the Reynolds number of the circular ring. The thermal calculations base on Hellstr{\"o}m's borehole resistance and the hydraulic optimization on individually calculated linear loss of head coefcients. Increasing the inner pipe radius results in decreased hydraulic losses in the inner pipe but increased losses in the circular ring. The net-exergy diference is a key performance indicator and combines thermal and hydraulic calculations. It is the difference between thermal exergy fux and hydraulic efort. The Reynolds number in the circular ring is instead of the mass fow rate constant during all optimizations. The result from a thermal perspective is an optimal width of the circular ring of nearly zero. The hydraulically optimal inner pipe radius is 54\% of the outer pipe radius for laminar fow and 60\% for turbulent fow scenarios. Net-exergetic optimization shows a predominant infuence of hydraulic losses, especially for small temperature gains. The exact result depends on the earth's thermal properties and the fow type. Conclusively, coaxial geothermal probes' design should focus on the hydraulic optimum and take the thermal optimum as a secondary criterion due to the dominating hydraulics.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BlankeRegerDoeringetal.2021,
  author    = {Blanke, Tobias and Reger, Vitali and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and Kuhnhenne, Markus},
  title     = {Koaxiale Stahlenergiepf{\"a}hle},
  series = {Stahlbau},
  volume    = {90. 2021},
  journal   = {Stahlbau},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  pages     = {417 -- 424},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Ein entscheidender Teil der Energiewende ist die W{\"a}rmewende im Geb{\"a}udesektor. Ein Schl{\"u}sselelement sind hier W{\"a}rmepumpen. Diese ben{\"o}tigen eine W{\"a}rmequelle, der sie Energie entziehen k{\"o}nnen, um sie auf ein h{\"o}heres Temperaturniveau zu transformieren. Diese W{\"a}rmequelle kann bspw. das Erdreich sein, dessen W{\"a}rme durch Erdsonden erschlossen werden kann. In diesem Beitrag werden in Stahlpf{\"a}hle integrierte Koaxialsonden mit dem Stand der Technik von Erdsonden gleichen Durchmessers bez{\"u}glich ihrer thermischen Leistungsmerkmale verglichen. Die Stahlenergiepf{\"a}hle bieten neben der W{\"a}rmegewinnung weitere Vorteile, da sie auch eine statische Funktion {\"u}bernehmen und r{\"u}ckstandsfrei zur{\"u}ckgebaut werden k{\"o}nnen. Es werden analytische und numerische Berechnungen vorgestellt, um die thermischen Potenziale beider Systeme zu vergleichen. Außerdem wird ein Testaufbau gezeigt, bei dem Stahlenergiepf{\"a}hle in zwei verschiedenen L{\"a}ngen mit vorhandenen g{\"a}ngigen Erdsonden verglichen werden k{\"o}nnen. Die Berechnungen zeigen einen deutlichen thermischen Mehrertrag zwischen 26 \% und 148 \% der Stahlenergiepf{\"a}hle gegen{\"u}ber dem Stand der Technik abh{\"a}ngig vom Erdreich. Die Messergebnisse zeigen einen thermischen Mehrertrag von {\"u}ber 100 \%. Es l{\"a}sst sich also signifikante Erdsondenl{\"a}nge einsparen. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass sich damit der thermisch genutzte Bereich des Erdreichs reduziert, wodurch die thermische Regeneration und/oder das Langzeitverhalten des Erdreichs an Bedeutung gewinnt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{BlankeSchmidtGoettscheetal.2022,
  author    = {Blanke, Tobias and Schmidt, Katharina S. and G{\"o}ttsche, Joachim and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Frisch, J{\´e}r{\^o}me and van Treeck, Christoph},
  title     = {Time series aggregation for energy system design: review and extension of modelling seasonal storages},
  series = {Energy Informatics},
  volume    = {5},
  booktitle = {Energy Informatics},
  number    = {1, Article number: 17},
  editor    = {Weidlich, Anke and Neumann, Dirk and Gust, Gunther and Staudt, Philipp and Sch{\"a}fer, Mirko},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  issn      = {2520-8942},
  doi       = {10.1186/s42162-022-00208-5},
  pages     = {1 -- 14},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Using optimization to design a renewable energy system has become a computationally demanding task as the high temporal fluctuations of demand and supply arise within the considered time series. The aggregation of typical operation periods has become a popular method to reduce effort. These operation periods are modelled independently and cannot interact in most cases. Consequently, seasonal storage is not reproducible. This inability can lead to a significant error, especially for energy systems with a high share of fluctuating renewable energy. The previous paper, "Time series aggregation for energy system design: Modeling seasonal storage", has developed a seasonal storage model to address this issue. Simultaneously, the paper "Optimal design of multi-energy systems with seasonal storage" has developed a different approach. This paper aims to review these models and extend the first model. The extension is a mathematical reformulation to decrease the number of variables and constraints. Furthermore, it aims to reduce the calculation time while achieving the same results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{BonnetFeustelBueechlFritzscheetal.1988,
  author    = {Bonnet, Dieter and Feustel-B{\"u}echl, J{\"o}rg E. and Fritzsche, Albert and Gieseler, Gernot and Kappelmeyer, Oskar and Koske, Peter H. and Meliß, Michael and Rickus, Edmund and Rohde, F. G.},
  title     = {Nutzung regenerativer Energie. (Handbuchreihe Energie. Bd. 13)},
  publisher = {Resch; T{\"U}V Rheinland},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  isbn      = {3-87806-110-2},
  pages     = {XIX, 552 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
  year      = {1988},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{BostelKleemannMelissetal.1981,
  author    = {Bostel, J{\"o}rg and Kleemann, Manfred and Meliß, Michael and Sharan, H. N.},
  title     = {Die Nutzung neuer und erneuerbarer Energiequellen in Entwicklungsl{\"a}ndern. Bd. 1: Auswertung der L{\"a}nderpapiere f{\"u}r die Konferenz der Vereinten Nationen {\"u}ber neue und erneuerbare Energiequellen, Nairobi 1981. - (Aktuelle Beitr{\"a}ge zur Energiediskussion ; Nr. 7,1. Spezielle Berichte der Kernforschungsanlage J{\"u}lich ; 177,1.},
  publisher = {Zentralbibliothek der Kernforschungsanlage J{\"u}lich},
  address   = {J{\"u}lich},
  pages     = {VII, 154 S.},
  year      = {1981},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Breitbach2009,
  author    = {Breitbach, Gerd},
  title     = {Endbericht f{\"u}r das Projekt FilterCaps : Vorhabensbezeichnung: Entwicklung eines W{\"a}rmespeichers f{\"u}r str{\"o}mungsrichtungsinvertierende L{\"u}ftungssysteme mit integrierter Filterwirkung : F{\"o}rderkennzeichen: 1752X06},
  pages     = {82 S.},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{BreitbachAlexopoulosHoffschmidt2007,
  author    = {Breitbach, Gerd and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard},
  title     = {Fluid flow in porous ceramic multichannel crossflower filter modules},
  publisher = {COMSOL Inc.},
  address   = {Burlington, Mass.},
  pages     = {5 S.},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BreitbachAlexopoulosMayetal.2019,
  author    = {Breitbach, Gerd and Alexopoulos, Spiros and May, Martin and Teixeira Boura, Cristiano Jos{\´e} and Herrmann, Ulf},
  title     = {Analysis of volumetric solar radiation absorbers made of wire meshes},
  series = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  volume    = {2126},
  booktitle = {AIP Conference Proceedings},
  issn      = {0094243X},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.5117521},
  pages     = {030009-1 -- 030009-6},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BuckFaberMelissetal.1995,
  author    = {Buck, H. and Faber, Christian and Meliß, Michael and Schwarzer, Klemens},
  title     = {Aus- und Weiterbildung am Solar-Institut J{\"u}lich},
  series = {Energie f{\"u}r die Zukunft : 28. Juni bis 1. Juli 1994 ; [Tagungsbericht 2] / 9. Internationales Sonnenforum '94. [Hrsg. Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS. Red. A. Hohmann ; H. H. Hohmann]. - (Internationales Sonnenforum ; 9,2)},
  journal   = {Energie f{\"u}r die Zukunft : 28. Juni bis 1. Juli 1994 ; [Tagungsbericht 2] / 9. Internationales Sonnenforum '94. [Hrsg. Deutsche Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Sonnenenergie e.V. - DGS. Red. A. Hohmann ; H. H. Hohmann]. - (Internationales Sonnenforum ; 9,2)},
  publisher = {DGS-Sonnenenergie},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  pages     = {1779 -- 1785},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BuckSchwarzerMelissetal.1994,
  author    = {Buck, H. and Schwarzer, Klemens and Meliß, Michael and Faber, Christian},
  title     = {Aus- und Weiterbildung am Solar-Institut J{\"u}lich},
  series = {Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen. 44 (1994), H. 9},
  journal   = {Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen. 44 (1994), H. 9},
  isbn      = {0720-6240},
  pages     = {65 -- 68},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {de}
}