@inproceedings{ŠakićMilijašMarinkovićetal.2021,
  author    = {Šakić, Bogdan and Milijaš, Aleksa and Marinković, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven},
  title     = {Influence of prior in-plane damage on the out-of-plane response of non-load bearing unreinforced masonry walls under seismic load},
  series = {8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  booktitle = {8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  editor    = {Papadrakakis, Manolis and Fragiadakis, Michalis},
  publisher = {National Technical University of Athens},
  address   = {Athen},
  isbn      = {9786188507258},
  issn      = {2623-3347},
  doi       = {10.7712/120121.8527.18913},
  pages     = {808 -- 828},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Reinforced concrete frames with masonry infill walls are popular form of construction all over the world as well in seismic regions. While severe earthquakes can cause high level of damage of both reinforced concrete and masonry infills, earthquakes of lower to medium intensity some-times can cause significant level of damage of masonry infill walls. Especially important is the level of damage of face loaded infill masonry walls (out-of-plane direction) as out-of-plane load cannot only bring high level of damage to the wall, it can also be life-threating for the people near the wall. The response in out-of-plane direction directly depends on the prior in-plane damage, as previous investigation shown that it decreases resistance capacity of the in-fills. Behaviour of infill masonry walls with and without prior in-plane load is investigated in the experimental campaign and the results are presented in this paper. These results are later compared with analytical approaches for the out-of-plane resistance from the literature. Conclusions based on the experimental campaign on the influence of prior in-plane damage on the out-of-plane response of infill walls are compared with the conclusions from other authors who investigated the same problematic.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ŠakićMarinkovićButenwegetal.2023,
  author    = {Šakić, Bogdan and Marinković, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven},
  title     = {Influence of slab deflection on the out-of-plane capacity of unreinforced masonry partition walls},
  series = {Engineering Structures},
  volume    = {276},
  journal   = {Engineering Structures},
  editor    = {Yang, J.},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0141-0296},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.115342},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Severe damage of non-structural elements is noticed in previous earthquakes, causing high economic losses and posing a life threat for the people. Masonry partition walls are one of the most commonly used non-structural elements. Therefore, their behaviour under earthquake loading in out-of-plane (OOP) direction is investigated by several researches in the past years. However, none of the existing experimental campaigns or analytical approaches consider the influence of prior slab deflection on OOP response of partition walls. Moreover, none of the existing construction techniques for the connection of partition walls with surrounding reinforced concrete (RC) is investigated for the combined slab deflection and OOP loading. However, the inevitable time-dependent behaviour of RC slabs leads to high values of final slab deflections which can further influence boundary conditions of partition walls. Therefore, a comprehensive study on the influence of slab deflection on the OOP capacity of masonry partitions is conducted. In the first step, experimental tests are carried out. Results of experimental tests are further used for the calibration of the numerical model employed for a parametric study. Based on the results, behaviour under combined loading for different construction techniques is explained. The results show that slab deflection leads either to severe damage or to a high reduction of OOP capacity. Existing practical solutions do not account for these effects. In this contribution, recommendations to overcome the problems of combined slab deflection and OOP loading on masonry partition walls are given. Possible interaction of in-plane (IP) loading, with the combined slab deflection and OOP loading on partition walls, is not investigated in this study.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WagnerNohButenwegetal.2002,
  author    = {Wagner, R. and Noh, S.-Y. and Butenweg, Christoph and Meskouris, Konstantin},
  title     = {Seismic excited granular material silos},
  series = {Structural dynamics - EURODYN 2002 : proceedings of the 4th [i.e. 5th] International Conference on Structural Dynamics, Munich, Germany, 2 - 5 September 2002 / ed. by H. Grundmann ...},
  booktitle = {Structural dynamics - EURODYN 2002 : proceedings of the 4th [i.e. 5th] International Conference on Structural Dynamics, Munich, Germany, 2 - 5 September 2002 / ed. by H. Grundmann ...},
  publisher = {Balkema},
  address   = {Lisse},
  organization    = {European Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN <5, 2002, M{\"u}nchen>},
  isbn      = {90-5809-511-8},
  pages     = {253 -- 258},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{TomićPennaDeJongetal.2020,
  author    = {Tomić, Igor and Penna, Andrea and DeJong, Matthew and Butenweg, Christoph and Correia, Ant{\´o}nio A. and Candeias, Paulo X. and Senaldi, Ilaria and Guerrini, Gabriele and Malomo, Daniele and Beyer, Katrin},
  title     = {Seismic testing of adjacent interacting masonry structures},
  series = {12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC 2020)},
  booktitle = {12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions (SAHC 2020)},
  doi       = {10.23967/sahc.2021.234},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {In many historical centres in Europe, stone masonry buildings are part of building aggregates, which developed when the layout of the city or village was densified. In these aggregates, adjacent buildings share structural walls to support floors and roofs. Meanwhile, the masonry walls of the fa{\c{c}}ades of adjacent buildings are often connected by dry joints since adjacent buildings were constructed at different times. Observations after for example the recent Central Italy earthquakes showed that the dry joints between the building units were often the first elements to be damaged. As a result, the joints opened up leading to pounding between the building units and a complicated interaction at floor and roof beam supports. The analysis of such building aggregates is very challenging and modelling guidelines do not exist. Advances in the development of analysis methods have been impeded by the lack of experimental data on the seismic response of such aggregates. The objective of the project AIMS (Seismic Testing of Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures), included in the H2020 project SERA, is to provide such experimental data by testing an aggregate of two buildings under two horizontal components of dynamic excitation. The test unit is built at half-scale, with a two-storey building and a one-storey building. The buildings share one common wall while the fa{\c{c}}ade walls are connected by dry joints. The floors are at different heights leading to a complex dynamic response of this smallest possible building aggregate. The shake table test is conducted at the LNEC seismic testing facility. The testing sequence comprises four levels of shaking: 25\%, 50\%, 75\% and 100\% of nominal shaking table capacity. Extensive instrumentation, including accelerometers, displacement transducers and optical measurement systems, provides detailed information on the building aggregate response. Special attention is paid to the interface opening, the globa},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{TomicPennaDeJongetal.2020,
  author    = {Tomic, Igor and Penna, Andrea and DeJong, Matthew and Butenweg, Christoph and Senaldi, Ilaria and Guerrini, Gabriele and Malomo, Daniele and Beyer, Katrin},
  title     = {Blind predictions of shake table testing of aggregate masonry buildings},
  series = {17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Sendai, Japan, September 27 to October 2, 2021.},
  booktitle = {17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Sendai, Japan, September 27 to October 2, 2021.},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {In many historical centers in Europe, stone masonry is part of building aggregates, which developed when the layout of the city or village was densified. The analysis of such building aggregates is very challenging and modelling guidelines missing. Advances in the development of analysis methods have been impeded by the lack of experimental data on the seismic response of such aggregates. The SERA project AIMS (Seismic Testing of Adjacent Interacting Masonry Structures) provides such experimental data by testing an aggregate of two buildings under two horizontal components of dynamic excitation. With the aim to advance the modelling of unreinforced masonry aggregates, a blind prediction competition is organized before the experimental campaign. Each group has been provided a complete set of construction drawings, material properties, testing sequence and the list of measurements to be reported. The applied modelling approaches span from equivalent frame models to Finite Element models using shell elements and discrete element models with solid elements. This paper compares the first entries, regarding the modelling approaches, results in terms of base shear, roof displacements, interface openings, and the failure modes.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{TaddeiReindlParketal.2011,
  author    = {Taddei, Francesca and Reindl, Lukas and Park, Jin and Butenweg, Christoph and Karadogan, Faruk},
  title     = {Numerical investigation of AAC wall panels based on the damage plasticity constitutive law},
  series = {Cement, Wapno, Beton ; 2011, 7, Special issue: 5th International Conference on Autoclaved Aerated Concrete 'Securing a sustainable future' to be held at Bydgoszcz to celebrate 60 years of AAC experience in Poland, Bydgoszcz, September 14-17, 2011},
  booktitle = {Cement, Wapno, Beton ; 2011, 7, Special issue: 5th International Conference on Autoclaved Aerated Concrete 'Securing a sustainable future' to be held at Bydgoszcz to celebrate 60 years of AAC experience in Poland, Bydgoszcz, September 14-17, 2011},
  publisher = {Stowarzyszenie Producent{\´o}w Cementu i Wapna},
  address   = {Krakow},
  organization    = {International Conference on Autoclaved Aerated Concrete 'Securing a sustainable future' <5, 2011, Bydgoszcz>},
  issn      = {1425-8129},
  pages     = {86 -- 91},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{TaddeiLozanaMicheletal.2015,
  author    = {Taddei, Francesca and Lozana, Lara and Michel, Philipp and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven},
  title     = {Practical recommendations for the foundation design of onshore wind turbines including soil-structure interaction},
  series = {5th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural , Hersonissos, Greece Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, COMPDYN 2015, 25.05.2015-27.05.2015, Hersonissos, Greece.},
  booktitle = {5th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural , Hersonissos, Greece Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, COMPDYN 2015, 25.05.2015-27.05.2015, Hersonissos, Greece.},
  editor    = {Papadrakakis, Manolis and Papadrakakis, M. and Papadopoulos, V. and Plevris, V.},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TaddeiButenwegKlinkel2015,
  author    = {Taddei, Francesca and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, S.},
  title     = {Parametric investigation of the soil-structure interaction effects on the dynamic behaviour of a shallow foundation supported wind turbine considering a layered soil},
  series = {Wind energy : an international journal for progress and applications in wind power conversion technology},
  volume    = {Volume 18},
  journal   = {Wind energy : an international journal for progress and applications in wind power conversion technology},
  number    = {Issue 3},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1099-1824 (E-Journal); 1095-4244 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1002/we.1703},
  pages     = {399 -- 417},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchmittRosinButenweg2018,
  author    = {Schmitt, Timo and Rosin, Julia and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Seismic Impact And Design Of Buried Pipelines},
  series = {16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, 18-21 June, 2018},
  booktitle = {16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, 18-21 June, 2018},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Seismic design of buried pipeline systems for energy and water supply is not only important for plant and operational safety but also for the maintenance of the supply infrastructure after an earthquake. The present paper shows special issues of the seismic wave impacts on buried pipelines, describes calculation methods, proposes approaches and gives calculation examples. This paper regards the effects of transient displacement differences and resulting tensions within the pipeline due to the wave propagation of the earthquake. However, the presented model can also be used to calculate fault rupture induced displacements. Based on a three-dimensional Finite Element Model parameter studies are performed to show the influence of several parameters such as incoming wave angle, wave velocity, backfill height and synthetic displacement time histories. The interaction between the pipeline and the surrounding soil is modeled with non-linear soil springs and the propagating wave is simulated affecting the pipeline punctually, independently in time and space. Special attention is given to long-distance heat pipeline systems. Here, in regular distances expansion bends are arranged to ensure movements of the pipeline due to high temperature. Such expansion bends are usually designed with small bending radii, which during the earthquake lead to high bending stresses in the cross-section of the pipeline. Finally, an interpretation of the results and recommendations are given for the most critical parameters.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RossiWinandsButenweg2022,
  author    = {Rossi, Leonardo and Winands, Mark H. M. and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Monte Carlo Tree Search as an intelligent search tool in structural design problems},
  series = {Engineering with Computers : An International Journal for Simulation-Based Engineering},
  volume    = {38},
  journal   = {Engineering with Computers : An International Journal for Simulation-Based Engineering},
  number    = {4},
  editor    = {Zhang, Jessica},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {Cham},
  issn      = {1435-5663},
  doi       = {10.1007/s00366-021-01338-2},
  pages     = {3219 -- 3236},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a search technique that in the last decade emerged as a major breakthrough for Artificial Intelligence applications regarding board- and video-games. In 2016, AlphaGo, an MCTS-based software agent, outperformed the human world champion of the board game Go. This game was for long considered almost infeasible for machines, due to its immense search space and the need for a long-term strategy. Since this historical success, MCTS is considered as an effective new approach for many other scientific and technical problems. Interestingly, civil structural engineering, as a discipline, offers many tasks whose solution may benefit from intelligent search and in particular from adopting MCTS as a search tool. In this work, we show how MCTS can be adapted to search for suitable solutions of a structural engineering design problem. The problem consists of choosing the load-bearing elements in a reference reinforced concrete structure, so to achieve a set of specific dynamic characteristics. In the paper, we report the results obtained by applying both a plain and a hybrid version of single-agent MCTS. The hybrid approach consists of an integration of both MCTS and classic Genetic Algorithm (GA), the latter also serving as a term of comparison for the results. The study's outcomes may open new perspectives for the adoption of MCTS as a design tool for civil engineers.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RossiStupazziniParisietal.2019,
  author    = {Rossi, Leonardo and Stupazzini, Marco and Parisi, Davide and Holtschoppen, Britta and Ruggieri, Gabriella and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Empirical fragility functions and loss curves for long-span-beam buildings based on the 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake official database},
  series = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering},
  volume    = {18},
  journal   = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  issn      = {1573-1456},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10518-019-00759-1},
  pages     = {1693 -- 1721},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake, that mainly struck the homonymous Italian region provoking 28 casualties and damage to thousands of structures and infrastructures, is an exceptional source of information to question, investigate, and challenge the validity of seismic fragility functions and loss curves from an empirical standpoint. Among the most recent seismic events taking place in Europe, that of Emilia-Romagna is quite likely one of the best documented, not only in terms of experienced damages, but also for what concerns occurred losses and necessary reconstruction costs. In fact, in order to manage the compensations in a fair way both to citizens and business owners, soon after the seismic sequence, the regional administrative authority started (1) collecting damage and consequence-related data, (2) evaluating information sources and (3) taking care of the cross-checking of various reports. A specific database—so-called Sistema Informativo Gestione Europa (SFINGE)—was devoted to damaged business activities. As a result, 7 years after the seismic events, scientists can rely on a one-of-a-kind, vast and consistent database, containing information about (among other things): (1) buildings' location and dimensions, (2) occurred structural damages, (3) experienced direct economic losses and (4) related reconstruction costs. The present work is focused on a specific data subset of SFINGE, whose elements are Long-Span-Beam buildings (mostly precast) deployed for business activities in industry, trade or agriculture. With the available set of data, empirical fragility functions, cost and loss ratio curves are elaborated, that may be included within existing Performance Based Earthquake Engineering assessment toolkits.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RossiParisiCasarietal.2019,
  author    = {Rossi, Leonardo and Parisi, Davide and Casari, Chiara and Montanari, Luca and Ruggieri, Gabriella and Holtschoppen, Britta and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Empirical Data about Direct Economic Consequences of Emilia-Romagna 2012 Earthquake on Long-Span-Beam Buildings},
  series = {Earthquake Spectra},
  volume    = {35},
  journal   = {Earthquake Spectra},
  number    = {4},
  issn      = {1944-8201},
  doi       = {10.1193/100118EQS224DP},
  pages     = {1979 -- 2001},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RossiHoltschoppenButenweg2019,
  author    = {Rossi, Leonardo and Holtschoppen, Britta and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Official data on the economic consequences of the 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake: a first analysis of database SFINGE},
  series = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering},
  volume    = {17},
  journal   = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering},
  number    = {9},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  doi       = {10.1007\%2Fs10518-019-00655-8},
  pages     = {4855 -- 4884},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RosinKubalskiButenweg2014,
  author    = {Rosin, Julia and Kubalski, Thomas and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Seismic Design of cylindrical liquid storage tanks},
  series = {Seismic design of industrial facilities : proceedings of the International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities (SeDIF-Conference) ; [Aachen, 26. - 27. September 2013] / Chair of Structural Statics and Dynamics, RWTH Aachen. Sven Klinkel ..., ed.},
  booktitle = {Seismic design of industrial facilities : proceedings of the International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities (SeDIF-Conference) ; [Aachen, 26. - 27. September 2013] / Chair of Structural Statics and Dynamics, RWTH Aachen. Sven Klinkel ..., ed.},
  publisher = {Springer Vieweg},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  organization    = {International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities <2013, Aachen>},
  isbn      = {978-3-658-02810-7 (E-Book) ; 978-3-658-02809-1 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-658-02810-7_36},
  pages     = {429 -- 440},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RosinKubalskiButenweg2013,
  author    = {Rosin, Julia and Kubalski, Thomas and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Seismic isolation of cylindrical liquid storage tanks},
  series = {Seismic design of industrial facilities},
  booktitle = {Seismic design of industrial facilities},
  editor    = {Klinkel, Sven and Butenweg, Christoph and Lin, Gao and Holtschoppen, Britta},
  publisher = {Springer Vieweg},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  isbn      = {978-3-658-02810-7},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-658-02810-7_36},
  pages     = {429 -- 440},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {Seismic excited liquid filled tanks are subjected to extreme loading due to hydrodynamic pressures, which can lead to nonlinear stability failure of the thinwalled cylindrical tanks, as it is known from past earthquakes. A significant reduction of the seismically induced loads can be obtained by the application of base isolation systems, which have to be designed carefully with respect to the modified hydrodynamic behaviour of the tank in interaction with the liquid. For this reason a highly sophisticated fluid-structure interaction model has to be applied for a realistic simulation of the overall dynamic system. In the following, such a model is presented and compared with the results of simplified mathematical models for rigidly supported tanks. Finally, it is examined to what extent a simple mechanical model can represent the behaviour of a base isolated tank in case of seismic excitation},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RosinHenneboehlButenweg2014,
  author    = {Rosin, Julia and Henneb{\"o}hl, Benedickt and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Global buckling analysis of cylindrical liquid storage tanks under earthquake loading},
  series = {2nd European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology 2014 (2nd ECEES) : joint event of the 15th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and the 34th General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission : Istanbul, Turkey, 25-29 August 2014 / European Association for Earthquake Engineering (EAEE) ; Vol. 6},
  booktitle = {2nd European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology 2014 (2nd ECEES) : joint event of the 15th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and the 34th General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission : Istanbul, Turkey, 25-29 August 2014 / European Association for Earthquake Engineering (EAEE) ; Vol. 6},
  publisher = {Curran Associates, Inc.},
  address   = {Red Hook, NY},
  organization    = {European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology <2, 2014, Istanbul>},
  isbn      = {978-1-5108-1021-1},
  pages     = {5270 -- 5281},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RosinButenwegCacciatoreetal.2018,
  author    = {Rosin, Julia and Butenweg, Christoph and Cacciatore, Pamela and Boesen, Niklas},
  title     = {Investigation of the seismic performance of modern masonry buildings during the Emilia Romagna earthquake series},
  series = {Mauerwerk},
  volume    = {22},
  journal   = {Mauerwerk},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Ernst \& Sohn},
  address   = {Berlin},
  issn      = {1437-1022},
  doi       = {10.1002/dama.201800013},
  pages     = {238 -- 250},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The article presents the investigation of the seismic behaviour of a modern URM building located in the municipality of Finale Emilia in province of Modena, Northern Italy. The building is situated in the centre of the series of the 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes and has not suffered any damage during the earthquake series in 2012. The observed earthquake resistance of the building is compared with predicted resistances based on linear and nonlinear design approaches according to Eurocode. Furthermore, probabilistic analyses based on nonlinear calculation models taking into account scattering of the most relevant input parameters are carried out to identify their influence to the results and to derive fragility curves.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RosinButenwegBoesenetal.2018,
  author    = {Rosin, Julia and Butenweg, Christoph and Boesen, Niklas and Gellert, Christoph},
  title     = {Evaluation of the Seismic Behavior of a Modern URM Building During the 2012 Northern Italy Earthquakes},
  series = {16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, 18-21 June, 2018},
  booktitle = {16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, 18-21 June, 2018},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RosinButenweg2014,
  author    = {Rosin, Julia and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Seismic isolation of cylindrical liquid storage tanks},
  series = {Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2014 Porto, Portugal, 30 June - 2 July 2014 / A. Cunha, E. Caetano, .... (eds.)},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2014 Porto, Portugal, 30 June - 2 July 2014 / A. Cunha, E. Caetano, .... (eds.)},
  address   = {Porto},
  organization    = {European Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN <9, 2014, Porto>},
  isbn      = {978-972-752-165-4},
  pages     = {3145 -- 3152},
  year      = {2014},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RosinMykoniouButenweg2017,
  author    = {Rosin, J. and Mykoniou, K. and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Analysis Of Base Isolated Liquid Storage Tanks With 3D Fsi-Analysis As Well As Simplified Approaches},
  series = {16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 16WCEE 2017 Santiago Chile, January 9th to 13th 2017},
  booktitle = {16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 16WCEE 2017 Santiago Chile, January 9th to 13th 2017},
  publisher = {Chilean Association on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering (ACHISINA)},
  pages     = {1 -- 14},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Tanks are preferably designed, for cost-saving reasons, as circular, cylindrical, thin-walled shells. In case of seismic excitation, these constructions are highly vulnerable to stability failures. An earthquake-resistant design of rigidly supported tanks for high seismic loading demands, however, uneconomic wall thicknesses. A cost-effective alternative can be provided by base isolation systems. In this paper, a simplified seismic design procedure for base isolated tanks is introduced, by appropriately modifying the standard mechanical model for flexible, rigidly supported tanks. The non-linear behavior of conventional base isolation systems becomes an integral part of a proposed simplified process, which enables the assessment of the reduced hydrodynamic forces acting on the tank walls and the corresponding stress distribution. The impulsive and convective actions of the liquid are taken into account. The validity of this approach is evaluated by employing a non-linear fluid-structure interaction algorithm of finite element method. Special focus is placed on the boundary conditions imposed from the base isolation and the resulting hydrodynamic pressures. Both horizontal and vertical component of ground motion are considered in order to study the principal effects of the base isolation on the pressure distribution of the tank walls. The induced rocking effects associated with elastomeric bearings are discussed. The results manifest that base isolated tanks can be designed for seismic loads by means of the proposed procedure with sufficient accuracy, allowing to dispense with numerically expensive techniques.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RochefortVerverGrunendahletal.2005,
  author    = {Rochefort, E. de and Verver, M. and Grunendahl, A. and Mooi, H. and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Detailed modelling of the lumbar spine for investigation of low back pain},
  series = {Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering Symposium : Iowa City, Iowa June 14-16, 2005. (SAE technical papers series ; 2005-1-2716)},
  booktitle = {Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering Symposium : Iowa City, Iowa June 14-16, 2005. (SAE technical papers series ; 2005-1-2716)},
  publisher = {SAE International},
  address   = {Warrendale, Pa.},
  organization    = {Society of Automotive Engineers},
  issn      = {0096-736X},
  doi       = {10.4271/2005-01-2716},
  pages     = {1 -- 11},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RochefortVerverGrunendahletal.2005,
  author    = {Rochefort, E. de and Verver, M. and Grunendahl, A. and Mooi, H. and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Detailed modelling of the lumbar spine for investigations of low back pain},
  series = {SAE transactions : papers presented at Society and Section meetings / Society of Automotive Engineers},
  volume    = {Volume 114},
  journal   = {SAE transactions : papers presented at Society and Section meetings / Society of Automotive Engineers},
  number    = {Part 7},
  organization    = {Society of Automotive Engineers},
  issn      = {0096-736X},
  pages     = {788 -- 796},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RigaPitilakisButenwegetal.2022,
  author    = {Riga, Evi and Pitilakis, Kyriazis and Butenweg, Christoph and Apostolaki, Stefania and Karatzetzou, Anna},
  title     = {Investigating the impact of the new European Seismic Hazard Model ESHM20 on the seismic design and safety control of industrial facilities},
  series = {The Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology September 4 - September 9, 2022, Bucharest},
  booktitle = {The Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology September 4 - September 9, 2022, Bucharest},
  editor    = {Arion, Cristian and Scupin, Alexandra and Ţigănescu, Alexandru},
  isbn      = {978-973-100-533-1},
  pages     = {3261 -- 3270},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The seismic performance and safety of major European industrial facilities has a global interest for Europe, its citizens and economy. A potential major disaster at an industrial site could affect several countries, probably far beyond the country where it is located. However, the seismic design and safety assessment of these facilities is practically based on national, often outdated seismic hazard assessment studies, due to many reasons, including the absence of a reliable, commonly developed seismic hazard model for whole Europe. This important gap is no more existing, as the 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model ESHM20 was released in December 2021. In this paper we investigate the expected impact of the adoption of ESHM20 on the seismic demand for industrial facilities, through the comparison of the ESHM20 probabilistic hazard at the sites where industrial facilities are located with the respective national and European regulations. The goal of this preliminary work in the framework of Working Group 13 of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering (EAEE), is to identify potential inadequacies in the design and safety control of existing industrial facilities and to highlight the expected impact of the adoption of the new European Seismic Hazard Model on the design of new industrial facilities and the safety assessment of existing ones.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RenaultButenwegMistler2005,
  author    = {Renault, Philippe and Butenweg, Christoph and Mistler, Michael},
  title     = {Seismic vulnerability assessment system for bridges},
  series = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing : [Rome, Italy, 30. August - 2. September 2005] / ed. by B. H. V. Topping},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing : [Rome, Italy, 30. August - 2. September 2005] / ed. by B. H. V. Topping},
  publisher = {Civil-Comp Press},
  address   = {Stirling},
  organization    = {International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing <10, 2005, Rome>},
  isbn      = {1-905088-00-0},
  pages     = {1 -- 14},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RenaultButenweg2005,
  author    = {Renault, Philippe and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Seismic vulnerability assessment of bridges},
  series = {First Munich Bridge Assessment Conference, MBAC 2005 : Munich, 20.-25. June 2005},
  booktitle = {First Munich Bridge Assessment Conference, MBAC 2005 : Munich, 20.-25. June 2005},
  organization    = {Munich Bridge Assessment Conference <1, 2005>},
  pages     = {1 -- 16},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ReindlParkNordaetal.2010,
  author    = {Reindl, Lukas and Park, Jin and Norda, Hannah and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Seismic design of masonry walls subject to out-of-plane bending},
  series = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Computational Structures Technology : Valencia, Spain, 14 - 17 September 2010 / organised in association with: Universidad Politecnica de Valencia ... Ed. by B. H. V. Topping ...},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Computational Structures Technology : Valencia, Spain, 14 - 17 September 2010 / organised in association with: Universidad Politecnica de Valencia ... Ed. by B. H. V. Topping ...},
  publisher = {Civil-Comp Press},
  address   = {Kippen},
  organization    = {International Conference on Computational Structures Technology <10, 2010, Valencia>},
  isbn      = {978-1-905088-36-2},
  doi       = {10.4203/ccp.93.348},
  pages     = {Paper 348},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ReindlButenwegKubalski2011,
  author    = {Reindl, Lukas and Butenweg, Christoph and Kubalski, Thomas},
  title     = {Numerical simulation of unreinforced masonry walls subject to dynamic out-of-plane loading},
  series = {COMPDYN 2011 : ECCOMAS Thematic Conference ; Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering ; 25-28 May, 2011, Corfu, Greece / Eds.: M. Papadrakakis ...},
  booktitle = {COMPDYN 2011 : ECCOMAS Thematic Conference ; Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering ; 25-28 May, 2011, Corfu, Greece / Eds.: M. Papadrakakis ...},
  publisher = {National Technical Univ. of Athens},
  address   = {Athen},
  organization    = {COMPDYN <2011, Corfu>},
  isbn      = {978-960-99994-0-3},
  pages     = {1 -- 10},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RajanKubalskiAltayetal.2017,
  author    = {Rajan, Sreelakshmy and Kubalski, Thomas and Altay, Okyay and Dalguer, Luis A and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Multi-dimensional fragility analysis of a RC building with components using response surface method},
  series = {24th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, Busan, Korea, 20-25 August, 2017},
  booktitle = {24th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology, Busan, Korea, 20-25 August, 2017},
  publisher = {International Assn for Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (IASMiRT)},
  address   = {Raleigh, USA},
  isbn      = {9781510856776},
  pages     = {3126 -- 3135},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Conventional fragility curves describe the vulnerability of the main structure under external hazards. However, in complex structures such as nuclear power plants, the safety or the risk depends also on the components associated with a system. The classical fault tree analysis gives an overall view of the failure and contains several subsystems to the main event, however, the interactions in the subsystems are not well represented. In order to represent the interaction of the components, a method suggested by Cimellaro et al. (2006) using multidimensional performance limit state functions to obtain the system fragility curves is adopted. This approach gives the possibility of deriving the cumulative fragility taking into account the interaction of the response of different components. In this paper, this approach is used to evaluate seismic risk of a representative electrical building infrastructure, including the component, of a nuclear power plant. A simplified model of the structure, with nonlinear material behavior is employed for the analysis in Abaqus©. The input variables considered are the material parameters, boundary conditions and the seismic input. The variability of the seismic input is obtained from selected ground motion time histories of spectrum compatible synthetic ccelerograms. Unlike the usual Monte Carlo methods used for the probabilistic analysis of the structure, a computationally effective response surface method is used. This method reduces the computational effort of the calculations by reducing the required number of samples.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RajanHoltschoppenDalgueretal.2016,
  author    = {Rajan, Sreelakshmy and Holtschoppen, B. and Dalguer, L. A. and Klinkel, S. and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Seismic fragility analysis of a non-conventional reinforced concrete structure considering different uncertainties},
  series = {Proceedings of ISMA2016, International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering/USD2016, International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics, / ISMA 2016, USD 2016},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of ISMA2016, International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering/USD2016, International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics, / ISMA 2016, USD 2016},
  editor    = {Sas, P.},
  publisher = {KU Leuven},
  address   = {Leuven},
  pages     = {4213 -- 4225},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RajanButenwegDalgueretal.2017,
  author    = {Rajan, S. and Butenweg, Christoph and Dalguer, L. A. and An, J. H. and Renault, P. and Klinkel, S.},
  title     = {Fragility curves for a three-storey reinforced concrete test structure of the international benchmark SMART 2013},
  series = {16th World Conference on Earthquake, 16WCEE 2017 Santiago Chile, January 9th to 13th 2017},
  booktitle = {16th World Conference on Earthquake, 16WCEE 2017 Santiago Chile, January 9th to 13th 2017},
  publisher = {Chilean Association on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering (ACHISINA)},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ParkElDaibButenwegetal.2011,
  author    = {Park, Jin and El-Daib, Khaled and Butenweg, Christoph and Gellert, Christoph},
  title     = {A novel macroelement approach for masonry walls},
  series = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2011 : Leuven, Belgium, 4 - 6 July 2011 / Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ... G. De Roeck ... (eds)},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN 2011 : Leuven, Belgium, 4 - 6 July 2011 / Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, ... G. De Roeck ... (eds)},
  publisher = {K. U. Leuven, Dep. of Civil Engineering},
  address   = {Leuven},
  organization    = {International Conference on Structural Dynamics, EURODYN <8, 2011, Leuven>},
  isbn      = {978-90-76019-31-4},
  pages     = {3281 -- 3286},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MykoniouButenwegHoltschoppenetal.2016,
  author    = {Mykoniou, Konstantin and Butenweg, Christoph and Holtschoppen, Britta and Klinkel, Sven},
  title     = {Seismic response analysis of adjacent liquid-storage tanks},
  series = {Earthquake engineering and structural dynamics},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Earthquake engineering and structural dynamics},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1096-9845 (E-Journal); 0098-8847 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1002/eqe.2726},
  pages     = {1779 -- 1796},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {A refined substructure technique in the frequency domain is developed, which permits consideration of the interaction effects among adjacent containers through the supporting deformable soil medium. The tank-liquid systems are represented by means of mechanical models, whereas discrete springs and dashpots stand for the soil beneath the foundations. The proposed model is employed to assess the responses of adjacent circular, cylindrical tanks for harmonic and seismic excitations over wide range of tank proportions and soil conditions. The influence of the number, spatial arrangement of the containers and their distance on the overall system's behavior is addressed. The results indicate that the cross-interaction effects can substantially alter the impulsive components of response of each individual element in a tank farm. The degree of this impact is primarily controlled by the tank proportions and the proximity of the predominant natural frequencies of the shell-liquid-soil systems and the input seismic motion. The group effects should be not a priori disregarded, unless the tanks are founded on shallow soil deposit overlying very stiff material or bedrock.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MorandiButenwegBreisetal.2022,
  author    = {Morandi, Paolo and Butenweg, Christoph and Breis, Khaled and Beyer, Katrin and Magenes, Guido},
  title     = {Latest findings on the behaviour factor q for the seismic design of URM buildings},
  series = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering},
  number    = {11},
  editor    = {Ansal, Atilla},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {Cham},
  issn      = {1573-1456},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10518-022-01419-7},
  pages     = {5797 -- 5848},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Recent earthquakes as the 2012 Emilia earthquake sequence showed that recently built unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings behaved much better than expected and sustained, despite the maximum PGA values ranged between 0.20-0.30 g, either minor damage or structural damage that is deemed repairable. Especially low-rise residential and commercial masonry buildings with a code-conforming seismic design and detailing behaved in general very well without substantial damages. The low damage grades of modern masonry buildings that was observed during this earthquake series highlighted again that codified design procedures based on linear analysis can be rather conservative. Although advances in simulation tools make nonlinear calculation methods more readily accessible to designers, linear analyses will still be the standard design method for years to come. The present paper aims to improve the linear seismic design method by providing a proper definition of the q-factor of URM buildings. These q-factors are derived for low-rise URM buildings with rigid diaphragms which represent recent construction practise in low to moderate seismic areas of Italy and Germany. The behaviour factor components for deformation and energy dissipation capacity and for overstrength due to the redistribution of forces are derived by means of pushover analyses. Furthermore, considerations on the behaviour factor component due to other sources of overstrength in masonry buildings are presented. As a result of the investigations, rationally based values of the behaviour factor q to be used in linear analyses in the range of 2.0-3.0 are proposed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MorandiButenwegBreisetal.2022,
  author    = {Morandi, Paolo and Butenweg, Christoph and Breis, Khaled and Beyer, Katrin and Magenes, Guido},
  title     = {Behaviour factor q for the seismic design of URM buildings},
  series = {The Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology September 4 - September 9, 2022, Bucharest},
  booktitle = {The Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology September 4 - September 9, 2022, Bucharest},
  editor    = {Arion, Christian and Scupin, Alexandra and Ţigănescu, Alexandru},
  isbn      = {978-973-100-533-1},
  pages     = {1184 -- 1194},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Recent earthquakes showed that low-rise URM buildings following codecompliant seismic design and details behaved in general very well without substantial damages. Although advances in simulation tools make nonlinear calculation methods more readily accessible to designers, linear analyses will still be the standard design method for years to come. The present paper aims to improve the linear seismic design method by providing a proper definition of the q-factor of URM buildings. Values of q-factors are derived for low-rise URM buildings with rigid diaphragms, with reference to modern structural configurations realized in low to moderate seismic areas of Italy and Germany. The behaviour factor components for deformation and energy dissipation capacity and for overstrength due to the redistribution of forces are derived by means of pushover analyses. As a result of the investigations, rationally based values of the behaviour factor q to be used in linear analyses in the range of 2.0 to 3.0 are proposed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MistlerButenwegMeskouris2006,
  author    = {Mistler, Michael and Butenweg, Christoph and Meskouris, Konstantin},
  title     = {Modelling methods of historic masonry buildings under seismic excitation},
  series = {Journal of seismology},
  volume    = {Volume 10},
  journal   = {Journal of seismology},
  number    = {No. 4},
  issn      = {1383-4649 (Print) ; 1573-157X (E-Journal)},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10950-006-9033-z},
  pages     = {497 -- 510},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MistlerButenweg2005,
  author    = {Mistler, Michael and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {A seismic design procedure for masonry buildings},
  series = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing : [Rome, Italy, 30. August - 2. September 2005] / ed. by B. H. V. Topping},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing : [Rome, Italy, 30. August - 2. September 2005] / ed. by B. H. V. Topping},
  publisher = {Civil-Comp Press},
  address   = {Stirling},
  organization    = {International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing <10, 2005, Rome>},
  isbn      = {1-905088-00-0},
  doi       = {10.4203/ccp.81.193},
  pages     = {465 -- 467},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MistlerAnthoineButenweg2007,
  author    = {Mistler, Michael and Anthoine, A. and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {In-plane and out-of-plane homogenisation of masonry},
  series = {Computers \& structures},
  volume    = {Volume 85},
  journal   = {Computers \& structures},
  number    = {Issues 17-18},
  issn      = {1879-2243 (E-Journal); 0045-7949 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.08.087},
  pages     = {1321 -- 1330},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MistlerButenwegAnthoine2004,
  author    = {Mistler, M. and Butenweg, Christoph and Anthoine, A.},
  title     = {Evaluation of the failure criterion for masonry by homogenisation},
  series = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Computational Structures Technology : [Lisbon, Portugal, 7 - 9 September 2004] / ed. by B. H. V. Topping and C.A. Mota Soares},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Computational Structures Technology : [Lisbon, Portugal, 7 - 9 September 2004] / ed. by B. H. V. Topping and C.A. Mota Soares},
  publisher = {Civil-Comp Press},
  address   = {Stirling},
  organization    = {International Conference on Computational Structures Technology <7, 2004, Lissabon>},
  isbn      = {0-948749-95-4},
  doi       = {10.4203/ccp.79.201},
  pages     = {16 Seiten},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MilkovaRosinButenwegetal.2018,
  author    = {Milkova, Kristina and Rosin, Julia and Butenweg, Christoph and Dumova-Jovanoska, Elena},
  title     = {Development of Seismic Vulnerability Curves for Region Specific Masonry Buildings},
  series = {16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, 18-21 June, 2018},
  booktitle = {16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, 18-21 June, 2018},
  pages     = {1 -- 10},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MilkovaButenwegDumovaJovanoska2020,
  author    = {Milkova, Kristina and Butenweg, Christoph and Dumova-Jovanoska, Elena},
  title     = {Methodology for development of seismic vulnerability curve for existing unreinforced Masonry buildings},
  series = {17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Sendai, Japan, September 27 to October 2, 2021.},
  booktitle = {17th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Sendai, Japan, September 27 to October 2, 2021.},
  pages     = {13 Seiten},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Seismic behavior of an existing unreinforced masonry building built pre-modern code, located in the City of Ohrid, Republic of North Macedonia has been investigated in this paper. The analyzed school building is selected as an archetype in an ongoing project named "Seismic vulnerability assessment of existing masonry structures in Republic of North Macedonia (SeismoWall)". Two independent segments were included in this research: Seismic hazard assessment by creating a cite specific response spectra and Seismic vulnerability definition by creating a region - specific series of vulnerability curves for the chosen building topology. A reliable Seismic Hazard Assessment for a selected region is a crucial point for performing a seismic risk analysis of a characteristic building class. In that manner, a scenario - based method that incorporates together the knowledge of tectonic style of the considered region, the active fault characterization, the earth crust model and the historical seismicity named Neo Deterministic approach is used for calculation of the response spectra for the location of the building. Variations of the rupturing process are taken into account in the nucleation point of the rupture, in the rupture velocity pattern and in the istribution of the slip on the fault. The results obtained from the multiple scenarios are obtained as an envelope of the response spectra computed for the cite using the procedure Maximum Credible Seismic Input (MCSI). Capacity of the selected building has been determined by using nonlinear static analysis. MINEA software (SDA Engineering) was used for verification of the structural safety of the chosen unreinforced masonry structure. In the process of optimization of the number of samples, computational cost required in a Monte Carlo simulation is significantly reduced since the simulation is performed on a polynomial response surface function for prediction of the structural response. Performance point, found as the intersection of the capacity of the building and the spectra used, is chosen as a response parameter. Five levels of damage limit states based on the capacity curve of the building are defined in dependency on the yield displacement and the maximum displacement. Maximum likelihood estimation procedure is utilized in the process of vulnerability curves determination. As a result, region specific series of vulnerability curves for the chosen type of masonry structures are defined. The obtained probabilities of exceedance a specific damage states as a result from vulnerability curves are compared with the observed damages happened after the earthquake in July 2017 in the City of Ohrid, North Macedonia.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MilkovaButenwegDumovaJovanoska2021,
  author    = {Milkova, Kristina and Butenweg, Christoph and Dumova-Jovanoska, Elena},
  title     = {Region-sensitive comprehensive procedure for determination of seismic fragility curves},
  series = {1st Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering 1CroCEE 22-24 March 2021 Zagreb, Croatia},
  booktitle = {1st Croatian Conference on Earthquake Engineering 1CroCEE 22-24 March 2021 Zagreb, Croatia},
  publisher = {University of Zagreb},
  address   = {Zagreb},
  doi       = {10.5592/CO/1CroCEE.2021.158},
  pages     = {121 -- 128},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Seismic vulnerability estimation of existing structures is unquestionably interesting topic of high priority, particularly after earthquake events. Having in mind the vast number of old masonry buildings in North Macedonia serving as public institutions, it is evident that the structural assessment of these buildings is an issue of great importance. In this paper, a comprehensive methodology for the development of seismic fragility curves of existing masonry buildings is presented. A scenario - based method that incorporates the knowledge of the tectonic style of the considered region, the active fault characterization, the earth crust model and the historical seismicity (determined via the Neo Deterministic approach) is used for calculation of the necessary response spectra. The capacity of the investigated masonry buildings has been determined by using nonlinear static analysis. MINEA software (SDA Engineering) is used for verification of the structural safety of the structures Performance point, obtained from the intersection of the capacity of the building and the spectra used, is selected as a response parameter. The thresholds of the spectral displacement are obtained by splitting the capacity curve into five parts, utilizing empirical formulas which are represented as a function of yield displacement and ultimate displacement. As a result, four levels of damage limit states are determined. A maximum likelihood estimation procedure for the process of fragility curves determination is noted as a final step in the proposed procedure. As a result, region specific series of vulnerability curves for structures are defined.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MilijašŠakićMarinkovićetal.2022,
  author    = {Milijaš, Aleksa and Šakić, Bogdan and Marinković, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph and Gams, Matija and Klinkel, Sven},
  title     = {Effects of prior in-plane damage on out-of-plane response of masonry infills with openings},
  series = {The Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology September 4 - September 9, 2022, Bucharest},
  booktitle = {The Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology September 4 - September 9, 2022, Bucharest},
  editor    = {Arion, Cristian and Scupin, Alexandra and Ţigănescu, Alexandru},
  isbn      = {978-973-100-533-1},
  pages     = {2747 -- 2756},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Masonry infill walls are the most traditional enclosure system that is still widely used in RC frame buildings all over the world, particularly in seismic active regions. Although infill walls are usually neglected in seismic design, during an earthquake event they are subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane forces that can act separately or simultaneously. Since observations of damage to buildings after recent earthquakes showed detrimental effects of in-plane and out-of-plane load interaction on infill walls, the number of studies that focus on influence of in-plane damage on out-of-plane response has significantly increased. However, most of the xperimental campaigns have considered only solid infills and there is a lack of combined in-plane and out-of-plane experimental tests on masonry infills with openings, although windows and doors strongly affect seismic performance. In this paper, two types of experimental tests on infills with window openings are presented. The first is a pure out-of-plane test and the second one is a sequential in-plane and out-of-plane test aimed at investigating the effects of existing in-plane damage on outof-plane response. Additionally, findings from two tests with similar load procedure that were carried out on fully infilled RC frames in the scope of the same project are used for comparison. Test results clearly show that window opening increased vulnerability of infills to combined seismic actions and that prevention of damage in infills with openings is of the utmost importance for seismic safety.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MilijašŠakićMarinkovićetal.2021,
  author    = {Milijaš, Aleksa and Šakić, Bogdan and Marinković, Marko and Butenweg, Christoph},
  title     = {Experimental investigation of behaviour of masonry infilled RC frames under out-of-plane loading},
  series = {8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  booktitle = {8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  editor    = {Papadrakakis, Manolis and Fragiadakis, Michalis},
  publisher = {National Technical University of Athens},
  address   = {Athen},
  isbn      = {978-618-85072-5-8},
  issn      = {2623-3347},
  doi       = {10.7712/120121.8528.18914},
  pages     = {829 -- 846},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Masonry infills are commonly used as exterior or interior walls in reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures and they can be encountered all over the world, including earthquake prone regions. Since the middle of the 20th century the behaviour of these non-structural elements under seismic loading has been studied in numerous experimental campaigns. However, most of the studies were carried out by means of in-plane tests, while there is a lack of out-of-plane experimental investigations. In this paper, the out-of-plane tests carried out on full scale masonry infilled frames are described. The results of the out-of-plane tests are presented in terms of force-displacement curves and measured out-of-plane displacements. Finally, the reliability of existing analytical approaches developed to estimate the out-of-plane strength of masonry infills is examined on presented experimental results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MichelRosinButenwegetal.2020,
  author    = {Michel, Philipp and Rosin, Julia and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven},
  title     = {Soil-dependent earthquake spectra in the analysis of liquid-storage-tanks on compliant soil},
  series = {Seismic design of industrial facilities 2020: proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities (SeDIF-Conference)},
  booktitle = {Seismic design of industrial facilities 2020: proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Seismic Design of Industrial Facilities (SeDIF-Conference)},
  isbn      = {978-3-86359-729-0},
  pages     = {245 -- 254},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MichelButenwegKlinkel2018,
  author    = {Michel, Philipp and Butenweg, Christoph and Klinkel, Sven},
  title     = {Frequency Dependent Impedance Analysis of the Foundation-Soil-Systems of Onshore Wind Turbines},
  series = {16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, 18-21 June, 2018},
  booktitle = {16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, 18-21 June, 2018},
  pages     = {1 -- 13},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MichelButenwegKinkel2018,
  author    = {Michel, Philipp and Butenweg, Christoph and Kinkel, Sven},
  title     = {Pile-grid foundations of onshore wind turbines considering soil-structure-interaction under seismic loading},
  series = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  volume    = {109},
  journal   = {Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0267-7261},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.03.009},
  pages     = {299 -- 311},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {In recent years, many onshore wind turbines are erected in seismic active regions and on soils with poor load bearing capacity, where pile grids are inevitable to transfer the loads into the ground. In this contribution, a realistic multi pile grid is designed to analyze the dynamics of a wind turbine tower including frequency dependent soil-structure-interaction. It turns out that different foundations on varying soil configurations heavily influence the vibration response. While the vibration amplitude is mostly attenuated, certain unfavorable combinations of structure and soil parameters lead to amplification in the range of the system's natural frequencies. This testifies the need for overall dynamic analysis in the assessment of the dynamic stability and the holistic frequency tuning of the turbines.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MeskourisHoltschoppenButenwegetal.2011,
  author    = {Meskouris, Konstantin and Holtschoppen, Britta and Butenweg, Christoph and Rosin, Julia},
  title     = {Seismic analysis of liquid storage tanks},
  series = {Earthquake Geology and Archaeology: Science, Society and Critical facilities : proceedings ; 2nd INQUA-IGCP 567 International Workshop on Active Tectonics, Earthquake Geology, Archaeology and Engineering ; 19-24 September 2011, Corinth (Greece) / Eds.: C. Gr{\"u}tzner ; R. P{\´e}rez-Lopez ; T. Fern{\´a}ndez Steeger ; I. Papanikolaou ; K. Reicherter ; P. G. Silva ; A. V{\"o}tt. Volume 2},
  booktitle = {Earthquake Geology and Archaeology: Science, Society and Critical facilities : proceedings ; 2nd INQUA-IGCP 567 International Workshop on Active Tectonics, Earthquake Geology, Archaeology and Engineering ; 19-24 September 2011, Corinth (Greece) / Eds.: C. Gr{\"u}tzner ; R. P{\´e}rez-Lopez ; T. Fern{\´a}ndez Steeger ; I. Papanikolaou ; K. Reicherter ; P. G. Silva ; A. V{\"o}tt. Volume 2},
  publisher = {The Natural hazards Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens},
  address   = {Athens},
  organization    = {International Workshop on Active Tectonics, Earthquake Geology, Archaeology and Engineering <2, 2011, Corinth>},
  isbn      = {978-960-466-093-3},
  pages     = {136 -- 139},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MeskourisHollerButenwegetal.2009,
  author    = {Meskouris, Konstantin and Holler, Stefan and Butenweg, Christoph and Meiners, Daniel},
  title     = {A multiphase model with hypoplastic formulation of the solid phase and its application to earthquake engineering problems},
  series = {Computational structural dynamics and earthquake engineering / ed. by Manolis Papadrakakis .... (Structures and infrastructures series ; 2)},
  booktitle = {Computational structural dynamics and earthquake engineering / ed. by Manolis Papadrakakis .... (Structures and infrastructures series ; 2)},
  publisher = {CRC Press},
  address   = {Boca Raton, Fla. [u.a.]},
  isbn      = {978-0-415-45261-8},
  doi       = {10.1201/9780203881637.ch19},
  pages     = {293 -- 308},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MeskourisButenwegMistleretal.2004,
  author    = {Meskouris, Konstantin and Butenweg, Christoph and Mistler, Michael and Kuhlmann, Wolfram},
  title     = {Seismic behaviour of historic masonry buildings},
  series = {7th National Congress on Mechanics : Chania, Crete, June 24 - 26, 2004 ; proceedings / ed. A. Kounadis ....},
  booktitle = {7th National Congress on Mechanics : Chania, Crete, June 24 - 26, 2004 ; proceedings / ed. A. Kounadis ....},
  publisher = {Hellenic Society for Theoretical and Applied Mechanics},
  address   = {Chania},
  organization    = {National Congress on Mechanics <7, 2004, Chania, Crete>},
  pages     = {47 -- 49},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{MeskourisButenwegKalkeretal.2007,
  author    = {Meskouris, Konstantin and Butenweg, Christoph and Kalker, Ines and Mistler, Michael},
  title     = {Numerical simulation of historic masonry buildings},
  series = {Antike Erdbeben im alpinen und zirkumalpinen Raum : Befunde und Probleme in arch{\"a}ologischer, historischer und seismologischer Sicht ; Beitr{\"a}ge des Interdisziplin{\"a}ren Workshops Schloss Hohenkammer, 14./15. Mai 2004 = Earthquakes in antiquity in the alpine and circum-alpine region / Gerhard H. Waldherr ; Anselm Smolka (Hrsg.) (Geographica Historica ; 24)},
  booktitle = {Antike Erdbeben im alpinen und zirkumalpinen Raum : Befunde und Probleme in arch{\"a}ologischer, historischer und seismologischer Sicht ; Beitr{\"a}ge des Interdisziplin{\"a}ren Workshops Schloss Hohenkammer, 14./15. Mai 2004 = Earthquakes in antiquity in the alpine and circum-alpine region / Gerhard H. Waldherr ; Anselm Smolka (Hrsg.) (Geographica Historica ; 24)},
  publisher = {Franz Steiner Verlag},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  isbn      = {978-3-515-09030-8 ; 3-515-09030-4},
  pages     = {171 -- 189},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}