@article{KernZischank1992, author = {Kern, Alexander and Zischank, Wolfgang J.}, title = {The effect of parallel wires on the longitudinal voltage drop along shielded cables}, series = {Conference proceedings : 21st International Conference on Lightning Protection, Berlin Congress Center (BCC) Germany, September 22 - 25, 1992 = 21. Internationale Blitzschutzkonferenz / [proceedings ed. staff: J. Pilling ...]}, journal = {Conference proceedings : 21st International Conference on Lightning Protection, Berlin Congress Center (BCC) Germany, September 22 - 25, 1992 = 21. Internationale Blitzschutzkonferenz / [proceedings ed. staff: J. Pilling ...]}, publisher = {VDE-Verl.}, address = {Berlin [u.a.]}, isbn = {3-8007-1885-5}, pages = {570 S : Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.}, year = {1992}, language = {en} } @article{KernZischank1988, author = {Kern, Alexander and Zischank, Wolfgang J.}, title = {Melting effects on metal sheets and air termination wires caused by direct lightning strikes}, series = {Conference proceedings : Graz, {\"O}sterreich, 25. - 29. April 1988 / Gesamtorganisation: {\"O}sterr. Verb. f{\"u}r Elektrotechnik ({\"O}VE), Fachausschuß Blitzschutz ... [Red.: G. Diendorfer ...]}, journal = {Conference proceedings : Graz, {\"O}sterreich, 25. - 29. April 1988 / Gesamtorganisation: {\"O}sterr. Verb. f{\"u}r Elektrotechnik ({\"O}VE), Fachausschuß Blitzschutz ... [Red.: G. Diendorfer ...]}, publisher = {Eigenverl. des {\"O}VE}, address = {Wien}, isbn = {3-85133-001-3}, year = {1988}, language = {en} } @article{KernWiesingerZischank1991, author = {Kern, Alexander and Wiesinger, J. and Zischank, Wolfgang J.}, title = {Calculation of the longitudinal voltage along metal tubes caused by lightning currents and protection measures}, series = {Seventh International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering : Dresden, August 26 - 30 1991}, journal = {Seventh International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering : Dresden, August 26 - 30 1991}, publisher = {Techn. Univ.}, address = {Dresden}, year = {1991}, language = {en} } @article{KernThomsen1994, author = {Kern, Alexander and Thomsen, M.}, title = {Comparison of single point and equipotential bonding for I\&C systems of large-area industrial sites}, series = {Volume of proceedings : Budapest, Hungary, September 19-23, 1994 / organized by: Technical University of Budapest}, journal = {Volume of proceedings : Budapest, Hungary, September 19-23, 1994 / organized by: Technical University of Budapest}, publisher = {Techn. Univ.}, address = {Budapest}, pages = {Getr. Z{\"a}hlung [ca. 610 S.]}, year = {1994}, language = {en} } @article{KernSchelthoffMathieu2011, author = {Kern, Alexander and Schelthoff, Christof and Mathieu, Moritz}, title = {Probability of lightning strikes to air-terminations of structures using the electro-geometrical model theory and the statistics of lightning current parameters}, series = {Atmospheric Research. 104 (2011)}, journal = {Atmospheric Research. 104 (2011)}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, isbn = {0169-8095}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @article{KernSchelthoffMathieu2010, author = {Kern, Alexander and Schelthoff, Christof and Mathieu, Moritz}, title = {Probability of lightning strikes to air-terminations of structures using the electro-geometrical model theory and the statistics of lightning current parameters}, pages = {750-1 -- 750-8}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @article{KernSchelthoffMathieu2011, author = {Kern, Alexander and Schelthoff, Christof and Mathieu, Moritz}, title = {Calculation of interception efficiencies for airterminations using a dynamic electro-geometrical model}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2011}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KernSchelthoffMathieu2012, author = {Kern, Alexander and Schelthoff, Christof and Mathieu, Moritz}, title = {Calculation of interception efficiencies for mesh-type air-terminations according to IEC 62305-3 using a dynamic electro-geometrical model}, series = {International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) : 2 - 7 Sept. 2012, Vienna}, booktitle = {International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) : 2 - 7 Sept. 2012, Vienna}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {Piscataway, NJ}, organization = {International Conference on Lightning Protection <2012, Wien>}, isbn = {978-1-4673-1896-9 (E-Book) ; 978-1-4673-1898-3 (Print)}, pages = {1 -- 6}, year = {2012}, language = {en} } @article{KernRothWiedmann1992, author = {Kern, Alexander and Roth, J. and Wiedmann, J.}, title = {Comparison of the damage for various types of fibre reinforced composites due to different lightning test standards (MIL-STD 1757 A, German military VG-standard 96903)}, series = {Proceedings of the 1992 International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity : October 6-8, 1992, Trump Taj Mahal, Atlantic City, NJ.}, journal = {Proceedings of the 1992 International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity : October 6-8, 1992, Trump Taj Mahal, Atlantic City, NJ.}, publisher = {U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration}, address = {[Atlantic City, N.J.]}, pages = {Getr. Z{\"a}hl. : Ill. + addendum}, year = {1992}, language = {en} } @article{KernLangWiesingeretal.1989, author = {Kern, Alexander and Lang, U. and Wiesinger, J. and Zischank, Wolfgang J.}, title = {The longitudinal voltage of cable tubes with a screening mesh caused by partial lightning currents}, series = {Proceedings / Sixth International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering : 28. August - 1. September, 1989, Westin Canal Place Hotel, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA}, journal = {Proceedings / Sixth International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering : 28. August - 1. September, 1989, Westin Canal Place Hotel, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA}, publisher = {Mississippi State University}, address = {Mississippi State, Miss.}, year = {1989}, language = {en} } @article{KernKrichelNeskakisetal.2001, author = {Kern, Alexander and Krichel, Frank and Neskakis, Apostolos and M{\"u}ller, Klaus-Peter (u.a.)}, title = {Lightning protection design of a renewable energy hybrid-system without power mains connection}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KernKrichelMueller2001, author = {Kern, Alexander and Krichel, Frank and M{\"u}ller, Klaus-Peter}, title = {Lightning protection design of a renewable energy hybrid-system without power mains connection}, year = {2001}, abstract = {In the year 2000 a direct lightning strike to the hybridsystem without power mains connection VATALI on the Greek island Crete results in the destruction and damage of some mechanical and electrical components. The hybrid-system VATALI was not lightning protected at that time. The hardware damage costs are approx. 60,000 €. The exposed site of the hybrid-system on top of a mountain was and still is the reason for a high risk of lightning strikes. Also in the future further lightning strikes have to be taken into consideration. In the paper a fundamental lightning protection design concept for renewable energy hybrid-systems without power mains connection and protection measures against direct strikes and overvoltages are shown in detail. The design concept was realized exemplarily for the hybrid-system VATALI. The hardware costs for the protection measures were about 15,000 €. About 50\% of the costs are due to protection measures against direct strikes, 50\% are due to overvoltage protection. Future extensions, new installations, or modifications have to be included into the lightning protection design concept of the hybrid-system.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KernKrichel2002, author = {Kern, Alexander and Krichel, Frank}, title = {Considerations about the lightning protection system of mains independent renewable energy hybrid-systems - practical experiences}, year = {2002}, abstract = {In the paper a lightning protection design concept for renewable energy hybrid-systems without power mains connection is described. Based on a risk analysis protection measures against direct strikes and overvoltages are shown in an overview. The design concept is realized exemplarily for the hybrid-system VATALI on the Greek island Crete. VATALI, not lightning protected at that time, was a victim of a lightning strike in the year 2000 causing destructions and damages of some mechanical and electrical components with costs of approx. 60.000 €. The hardware costs for the protection measures were about 15.000 €: about 50\% of the costs are due to protection measures against direct strikes, 50\% are due to overvoltage protection.}, language = {en} } @article{KernKrichel2004, author = {Kern, Alexander and Krichel, Frank}, title = {Considerations about the lightning protection system of mains independent renewable energy hybrid-systems - practical experiences}, series = {Journal of electrostatics. 60 (2004), H. 2-4}, journal = {Journal of electrostatics. 60 (2004), H. 2-4}, isbn = {0304-3886}, pages = {257 -- 263}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @article{KernKloetersPferdemenges2010, author = {Kern, Alexander and Kl{\"o}ters, Georg and Pferdemenges, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Optimised protection against lightning for the signalling and safety systems of level crossings on non-electrified railway lines}, series = {RTR : European Rail Technology Review}, volume = {50}, journal = {RTR : European Rail Technology Review}, number = {2}, isbn = {0079-9548}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KernImaniVashianiTimmermanns2021, author = {Kern, Alexander and Imani Vashiani, Anahita and Timmermanns, Tobias}, title = {Threat for human beings due to touch voltages and body currents caused by direct lightning strikes in case of non-isolated lightning protection systems using natural components}, series = {35th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) and XVI International Symposium on Lightning Protection (SIPDA)}, booktitle = {35th International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP) and XVI International Symposium on Lightning Protection (SIPDA)}, publisher = {IEEE}, address = {New York, NY}, isbn = {978-1-6654-2346-5}, doi = {10.1109/ICLPandSIPDA54065.2021.9627465}, pages = {8 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {For typical cases of non-isolated lightning protection systems (LPS) the impulse currents are investigated which may flow through a human body directly touching a structural part of the LPS. Based on a basic LPS model with conventional down-conductors especially the cases of external and internal steel columns and metal fa{\c{c}}ades are considered and compared. Numerical simulations of the line quantities voltages and currents in the time domain are performed with an equivalent circuit of the entire LPS. As a result it can be stated that by increasing the number of conventional down-conductors and external steel columns the threat for a human being can indeed be reduced, but not down to an acceptable limit. In case of internal steel columns used as natural down-conductors the threat can be reduced sufficiently, depending on the low-resistive connection of the steel columns to the lightning equipotential bonding or the earth termination system, resp. If a metal fa{\c{c}}ade is used the threat for human beings touching is usually very low, if the fa{\c{c}}ade is sufficiently interconnected and multiply connected to the lightning equipotential bonding or the earth termination system, resp.}, language = {en} } @article{KernHeidlerZischanketal.2002, author = {Kern, Alexander and Heidler, Fridolin and Zischank, Wolfgang J. and Frentzel, Ralf}, title = {Lightning current distribution and coupling to control cables in power plants or large industrial facilites}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KernHeidlerSeeversetal.2004, author = {Kern, Alexander and Heidler, Fridolin and Seevers, M. and Zischank, Wolfgang J.}, title = {Magnetic Fields and Induced Voltages in case of a Direct Strike - Comparison of Results obtained from Measurements at a Scaled Building to those of IEC 62305-4}, isbn = {0304-3886}, year = {2004}, abstract = {In the paper the results obtained from experiments at a modelled reinforced building in case of a direct lightning strike are compared with calculations. The comparison includes peak values of the magnetic field Hmax, its derivative (dH/dt)max and of induced voltages umax in typical cable routings. The experiments are performed at a 1:6 scaled building and the results are extrapolated using the similarity relations theory. The calculations are based on the approximate formulae given in IEC 62305-4 and have to be supplemented by a rough estimation of the additional shielding effect of a second reinforcement layer. The comparison shows, that the measured peak values of the magnetic field and its derivative are mostly lower than the calculated. The induced voltages are in good agreement. Hence, calculations of the induced voltages based on IEC 62305-4 are a good method for lightning protection studies of buildings, where the reinforcement is used as a grid-like electromagnetic shield.}, subject = {Blitz}, language = {en} } @article{KernHeidlerZischank1998, author = {Kern, Alexander and Heidler, F. and Zischank, W.}, title = {Induced overvoltages in cable ducts taking into account the current flow into earth / F. Heidler ; W. Zischank ... A. Kern ...}, series = {Conference proceedings : 14th - 18th September 1998, [Burlington Hotel, Birmingham, United Kingdom] / organised by: School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Staffordshire University, United Kingdom}, journal = {Conference proceedings : 14th - 18th September 1998, [Burlington Hotel, Birmingham, United Kingdom] / organised by: School of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Staffordshire University, United Kingdom}, address = {Birmingham}, year = {1998}, language = {en} } @article{KernFrentzelBehrens2010, author = {Kern, Alexander and Frentzel, Ralf and Behrens, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Simulation of the transient voltages in the auxiliary power network of a large power plant in case of a direct lightning strike to the high-voltage overhead transmission line}, pages = {749-1 -- 749-7}, year = {2010}, language = {en} } @article{KernDrumm1994, author = {Kern, Alexander and Drumm, F.}, title = {Survey of the lightning threat for aircraft based on natural lightning data and fixed in the German Standard DIN VG 95371 / Part 10}, series = {Proceedings of the 1994 International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity : May 14 - 27, 1994, Bundesakademie f{\"u}r Wehrverwaltung und Wehrtechnik Mannheim ; final report / [conference chairman Jan Luiken TerHaseborg]}, journal = {Proceedings of the 1994 International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity : May 14 - 27, 1994, Bundesakademie f{\"u}r Wehrverwaltung und Wehrtechnik Mannheim ; final report / [conference chairman Jan Luiken TerHaseborg]}, publisher = {Bundesakad. f{\"u}r Wehrverwaltung und Wehrtechnik}, address = {Mannheim}, pages = {IX, 492 S : Ill., graph. Darst}, year = {1994}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KernDikta2009, author = {Kern, Alexander and Dikta, Gerhard}, title = {Probability of damage of electrical and electronic systems due to indirect lightning flashes - investigation of data from German insurance companies}, year = {2009}, abstract = {In the presented paper data collected from the field related to damage statistics of electrical and electronic apparatus in household are reported and investigated. These damages (total number approx. 74000 cases), registered by five German insurance companies in 2005 and 2006, were adviced by customers as caused by lightning overvoltages. With the use of stochastical methods it is possible, to reasses the collected data and to distinguish between cases, which are with high probability caused by lightning overvoltages, and those, which are not. If there was an indication for a direct strike, this case was excluded, so the focus was only on indirect lightning flashes, i.e. only flashes to ground near the structure and flashes to or nearby an incoming service line were investigated. The data from the field contain the location of damaged apparatus (residence of the policy holder) and the distances of the nearest cloud-to-ground stroke to the location of the damage registered by the German lightning location network BLIDS at the date of damage. The statistical data along with some complementary numerical simulations allow to verify the correspondence of the Standards rules used for IEC 62305-2 with the field data and to define some correction needs. The results could lead to a better understanding whether a damage reported to an insurance company is really caused by indirect lightning, or not.}, subject = {Blitzschutz}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KernBraun2014, author = {Kern, Alexander and Braun, Christian}, title = {Risk management according to IEC 62305-2 edition 2: 2010-12 assessment of structures with a risk of explosion}, series = {2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Shanghai, China}, booktitle = {2014 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), Shanghai, China}, organization = {International Conference on Lightning Protection <2014, Shanghai>}, pages = {1237 -- 1242}, year = {2014}, abstract = {Risk management for structures with a risk of explosion should be considered very carefully when performing a risk analysis according to IEC 62305-2. In contrast to the 2006 edition of the standard, the 2010 edition describes the topic "Structures with a risk of explosion" in more detail. Moreover, in Germany separate procedures and parameters are defined for the risk analysis of structures with a risk of explosion (Supplement 3 of the German DIN EN 62305-2 standard). This paper describes the contents and the relevant calculations of this Supplement 3, together with a numerical example.}, language = {en} } @article{Kern1991, author = {Kern, Alexander}, title = {Simulation and measurement of melting effects on metal sheets caused by direct lightning strikes}, series = {1991 International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity : proceedings of a conference ... held at Cocoa Beach, Florida, April 16-19, 1991 / NASA}, journal = {1991 International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity : proceedings of a conference ... held at Cocoa Beach, Florida, April 16-19, 1991 / NASA}, address = {Washington, DC}, year = {1991}, language = {en} } @article{Kern1990, author = {Kern, Alexander}, title = {The heating of metal sheets caused by direct lightning strikes-model and measurement}, series = {20th ICPL / International Conference on Lightning Protection, Congress-Center Casino Interlaken, Switzerland, September 24-28, 1990 = Internationale Blitzschutzkonferenz, Congress-Center Casino Interlaken, Schweiz, 24.-28. September 1990}, journal = {20th ICPL / International Conference on Lightning Protection, Congress-Center Casino Interlaken, Switzerland, September 24-28, 1990 = Internationale Blitzschutzkonferenz, Congress-Center Casino Interlaken, Schweiz, 24.-28. September 1990}, publisher = {Schweizerischer Elektrotechnischer Verein}, address = {[Z{\"u}rich]}, pages = {[522] S. (getr. Z{\"a}hl.) : Ill.}, year = {1990}, language = {en} } @article{Kern1989, author = {Kern, Alexander}, title = {Time dependent temperature distribution in metal sheets caused by direct lightning strikes}, series = {Proceedings / Sixth International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering : 28. August - 1. September, 1989, Westin Canal Place Hotel, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA}, journal = {Proceedings / Sixth International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering : 28. August - 1. September, 1989, Westin Canal Place Hotel, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA}, publisher = {Mississippi State University}, address = {Mississippi State, Miss.}, year = {1989}, language = {en} } @article{KemptFreyerNagel2022, author = {Kempt, Hendrik and Freyer, Nils and Nagel, Saskia K.}, title = {Justice and the normative standards of explainability in healthcare}, series = {Philosophy \& Technology}, volume = {35}, journal = {Philosophy \& Technology}, number = {Article number: 100}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Berlin}, doi = {10.1007/s13347-022-00598-0}, pages = {1 -- 19}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Providing healthcare services frequently involves cognitively demanding tasks, including diagnoses and analyses as well as complex decisions about treatments and therapy. From a global perspective, ethically significant inequalities exist between regions where the expert knowledge required for these tasks is scarce or abundant. One possible strategy to diminish such inequalities and increase healthcare opportunities in expert-scarce settings is to provide healthcare solutions involving digital technologies that do not necessarily require the presence of a human expert, e.g., in the form of artificial intelligent decision-support systems (AI-DSS). Such algorithmic decision-making, however, is mostly developed in resource- and expert-abundant settings to support healthcare experts in their work. As a practical consequence, the normative standards and requirements for such algorithmic decision-making in healthcare require the technology to be at least as explainable as the decisions made by the experts themselves. The goal of providing healthcare in settings where resources and expertise are scarce might come with a normative pull to lower the normative standards of using digital technologies in order to provide at least some healthcare in the first place. We scrutinize this tendency to lower standards in particular settings from a normative perspective, distinguish between different types of absolute and relative, local and global standards of explainability, and conclude by defending an ambitious and practicable standard of local relative explainability.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KemperHellenbroichEsch2009, author = {Kemper, Hans and Hellenbroich, Gereon and Esch, Thomas}, title = {Concept of an innovative passenger-car hybrid drive for European driving conditions}, series = {Hybrid vehicles and energy management : 6th symposium ; 18th and 19th February 2009, Stadthalle Braunschweig}, booktitle = {Hybrid vehicles and energy management : 6th symposium ; 18th and 19th February 2009, Stadthalle Braunschweig}, publisher = {Gesamtzentrum f{\"u}r Verkehr (GZVB)}, address = {Braunschweig}, isbn = {978-3-937655-20-8}, pages = {264 -- 287}, year = {2009}, abstract = {The downsizing of spark ignition engines in conjunction with turbocharging is considered to be a promising method for reducing CO₂ emissions. Using this concept, FEV has developed a new, highly efficient drivetrain to demonstrate fuel consumption reduction and drivability in a vehicle based on the Ford Focus ST. The newly designed 1.8L turbocharged gasoline engine incorporates infinitely variable intake and outlet control timing and direct fuel injection utilizing piezo injectors centrally located. In addition, this engine uses a prototype FEV engine control system, with software that was developed and adapted entirely by FEV. The vehicle features a 160 kW engine with a maximum mean effective pressure of 22.4 bar and 34 \% savings in simulated fuel consumption. During the first stage, a new electrohydraulically actuated hybrid transmission with seven forward gears and one reverse gear and a single dry starting clutch will be integrated. The electric motor of the hybrid is directly connected to the gear set of the transmission. Utilizing the special gear set layout, the electric motor can provide boost during a change of gears, so that there is no interruption in traction. Therefore, the transmission system combines the advantages of a double clutch controlled gear change (gear change without an interruption in traction) with the efficient, cost-effective design of an automated manual transmission system. Additionally, the transmission provides a purely electric drive system and the operation of an air-conditioning compressor during the engine stop phases. One other alternative is through the use of CAI (Controlled Auto Ignition), which incorporates a process developed by FEV for controlled compression ignition.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KellyHerrmannHale2001, author = {Kelly, Bruce and Herrmann, Ulf and Hale, M.-J.}, title = {Optimization Studies for Integrated Solar Combined Cycle Systems}, series = {Solar engineering 2001 : proceedings of the International Solar Energy Conference ; presented at the 2001 International Solar Energy Conference, a part of Forum 2001 - Solar energy: the power to choose, April 21 - 25, 2001, Washington, D.C.}, booktitle = {Solar engineering 2001 : proceedings of the International Solar Energy Conference ; presented at the 2001 International Solar Energy Conference, a part of Forum 2001 - Solar energy: the power to choose, April 21 - 25, 2001, Washington, D.C.}, publisher = {ASME}, address = {New York, NY}, isbn = {0-7918-1670-2}, pages = {393 -- 398}, year = {2001}, language = {en} } @article{KellerRathBruckmannetal.2020, author = {Keller, Johannes and Rath, Volker and Bruckmann, Johanna and Mottaghy, Darius and Clauser, Christoph and Wolf, Andreas and Seidler, Ralf and B{\"u}cker, H. Martin and Klitzsch, Norbert}, title = {SHEMAT-Suite: An open-source code for simulating flow, heat and species transport in porous media}, series = {SoftwareX}, volume = {12}, journal = {SoftwareX}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2352-7110}, doi = {10.1016/j.softx.2020.100533}, pages = {9}, year = {2020}, abstract = {SHEMAT-Suite is a finite-difference open-source code for simulating coupled flow, heat and species transport in porous media. The code, written in Fortran-95, originates from geoscientific research in the fields of geothermics and hydrogeology. It comprises: (1) a versatile handling of input and output, (2) a modular framework for subsurface parameter modeling, (3) a multi-level OpenMP parallelization, (4) parameter estimation and data assimilation by stochastic approaches (Monte Carlo, Ensemble Kalman filter) and by deterministic Bayesian approaches based on automatic differentiation for calculating exact (truncation error-free) derivatives of the forward code.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Keinz2018, author = {Keinz, Jan}, title = {Optimization of a Dry Low NOx Micromix Combustor for an Industrial Gas Turbine Using Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Fuel}, publisher = {Universit{\´e} Libre de Bruxelles - Brussels School of Engineering Aero-Thermo-Mechanics}, address = {Br{\"u}ssel}, year = {2018}, language = {en} } @misc{KeimerGirbigMayntzetal.2022, author = {Keimer, Jona and Girbig, Leo and Mayntz, Joscha and Tegtmeyer, Philipp and Wendland, Frederik and Dahman, Peter and Fisher, Alex and Dorrington, Graham}, title = {Flight mission optimization for eco-efficiency in consideration of electric regeneration and atmospheric conditions}, series = {AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum}, journal = {AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum}, publisher = {AIAA}, address = {Reston, Va.}, doi = {10.2514/6.2022-4118}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The development and operation of hybrid or purely electrically powered aircraft in regional air mobility is a significant challenge for the entire aviation sector. This technology is expected to lead to substantial advances in flight performance, energy efficiency, reliability, safety, noise reduction, and exhaust emissions. Nevertheless, any consumed energy results in heat or carbon dioxide emissions and limited electric energy storage capabilities suppress commercial use. Therefore, the significant challenges to achieving eco-efficient aviation are increased aircraft efficiency, the development of new energy storage technologies, and the optimization of flight operations. Two major approaches for higher eco-efficiency are identified: The first one, is to take horizontal and vertical atmospheric motion phenomena into account. Where, in particular, atmospheric waves hold exciting potential. The second one is the use of the regeneration ability of electric aircraft. The fusion of both strategies is expected to improve efficiency. The objective is to reduce energy consumption during flight while not neglecting commercial usability and convenient flight characteristics. Therefore, an optimized control problem based on a general aviation class aircraft has to be developed and validated by flight experiments. The formulated approach enables a development of detailed knowledge of the potential and limitations of optimizing flight missions, considering the capability of regeneration and atmospheric influences to increase efficiency and range.}, language = {en} } @article{KearneyKellyHerrmannetal.2002, author = {Kearney, David W. and Kelly, Bruce and Herrmann, Ulf and Cable, R. and Pacheco, J. and Mahoney, R. and Price, Henry and Blake, D. and Nava, P. and Potrovitza, N.}, title = {Engineering Aspects of a Molten Salt Heat Transfer Fluid in a Trough Solar Field}, series = {Energy : the international journal}, volume = {29}, journal = {Energy : the international journal}, number = {5-6 (Special Issue SolarPaces)}, issn = {0360-5442}, doi = {10.1016/S0360-5442(03)00191-9}, pages = {861 -- 870}, year = {2002}, language = {en} } @article{KearneyHerrmannNavaetal.2003, author = {Kearney, D. and Herrmann, Ulf and Nava, P. and Kelly, B. and Mahoney, R. and Pacheco, J. and Cable, R. and Potrovitza, N. and Blake, D. and Price, H.}, title = {Assessment of a Molten Salt Heat Transfer Fluid in a Parabolic Trough Solar Field}, series = {Journal of Solar Energy Engineering}, volume = {125}, journal = {Journal of Solar Energy Engineering}, number = {2}, issn = {1528-8986}, doi = {10.1115/1.1565087}, pages = {170 -- 176}, year = {2003}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KazukiKobayashiHirabayashietal.2019, author = {Kazuki, Yasuhiro and Kobayashi, Kaoru and Hirabayashi, Masumi and Abe, Satoshi and Kajitani, Naoyo and Kazuki, Kanoko and Takehara, Shoko and Takiguchi, Masato and Satoh, Daisuke and Kuze, Jiro and Sakuma, Tetsushi and Kaneko, Takehito and Mashimo, Tomoji and Osamura, Minori and Hashimoto, Mari and Wakatsuki, Riko and Hirashima, Rika and Fujiwara, Ryoichi and Deguchi, Tsuneo and Kurihara, Atsushi and Tsukazaki, Yasuko and Senda, Naoto and Yamamoto, Takashi and Scheer, Nico and Oshimura, Mitsuo}, title = {Humanized UGT2 and CYP3A transchromosomic rats for improved prediction of human drug metabolism}, series = {PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {116}, booktitle = {PNAS Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, number = {8}, issn = {1091-6490}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.1808255116}, pages = {3072 -- 3081}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{KaulenSchwabedalSchneideretal.2022, author = {Kaulen, Lars and Schwabedal, Justus T. C. and Schneider, Jules and Ritter, Philipp and Bialonski, Stephan}, title = {Advanced sleep spindle identification with neural networks}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {12}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {Article number: 7686}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-11210-y}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Sleep spindles are neurophysiological phenomena that appear to be linked to memory formation and other functions of the central nervous system, and that can be observed in electroencephalographic recordings (EEG) during sleep. Manually identified spindle annotations in EEG recordings suffer from substantial intra- and inter-rater variability, even if raters have been highly trained, which reduces the reliability of spindle measures as a research and diagnostic tool. The Massive Online Data Annotation (MODA) project has recently addressed this problem by forming a consensus from multiple such rating experts, thus providing a corpus of spindle annotations of enhanced quality. Based on this dataset, we present a U-Net-type deep neural network model to automatically detect sleep spindles. Our model's performance exceeds that of the state-of-the-art detector and of most experts in the MODA dataset. We observed improved detection accuracy in subjects of all ages, including older individuals whose spindles are particularly challenging to detect reliably. Our results underline the potential of automated methods to do repetitive cumbersome tasks with super-human performance.}, language = {en} } @article{KaulKoshkaryevArtmannetal.2008, author = {Kaul, D. K. and Koshkaryev, A. and Artmann, Gerhard and Barshtein, G. and Yedgar, S.}, title = {Additive effect of red blood cell rigidity and adherence to endothelial cells in inducing vascular resistance}, series = {American Journal of Physiology : Heart and Circulation Physiology . 295 (2008), H. 4}, volume = {295}, journal = {American Journal of Physiology : Heart and Circulation Physiology . 295 (2008), H. 4}, number = {4}, issn = {1522-1539}, pages = {H1788 -- H1793}, year = {2008}, language = {en} } @article{KatzPoghossianSchoening2017, author = {Katz, Evgeny and Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Enzyme-based logic gates and circuits - analytical applications and interfacing with electronics}, series = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry}, volume = {409}, journal = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin}, issn = {1618-2650}, doi = {10.1007/s00216-016-0079-7}, pages = {81 -- 94}, year = {2017}, abstract = {The paper is an overview of enzyme-based logic gates and their short circuits, with specific examples of Boolean AND and OR gates, and concatenated logic gates composed of multi-step enzyme-biocatalyzed reactions. Noise formation in the biocatalytic reactions and its decrease by adding a "filter" system, converting convex to sigmoid response function, are discussed. Despite the fact that the enzyme-based logic gates are primarily considered as components of future biomolecular computing systems, their biosensing applications are promising for immediate practical use. Analytical use of the enzyme logic systems in biomedical and forensic applications is discussed and exemplified with the logic analysis of biomarkers of various injuries, e.g., liver injury, and with analysis of biomarkers characteristic of different ethnicity found in blood samples on a crime scene. Interfacing of enzyme logic systems with modified electrodes and semiconductor devices is discussed, giving particular attention to the interfaces functionalized with signal-responsive materials. Future perspectives in the design of the biomolecular logic systems and their applications are discussed in the conclusion.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KatzWillner2006, author = {Katz, Eugenii and Willner, Itamar}, title = {Magneto-controlled quantized electron transfer to surface-confined redox units and metal nanoparticles}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:a96-opus-1528}, year = {2006}, abstract = {Hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of undecanoate-capped magnetite (Fe3O4, average diameter ca. 5 nm) are used to control quantized electron transfer to surface-confined redox units and metal NPs. A two-phase system consisting of an aqueous electrolyte solution and a toluene phase that includes the suspended undecanoatecapped magnetic NPs is used to control the interfacial properties of the electrode surface. The attracted magnetic NPs form a hydrophobic layer on the electrode surface resulting in the change of the mechanisms of the surface-confined electrochemical processes. A quinone-monolayer modified Au electrode demonstrates an aqueous-type of the electrochemical process (2e-+2H+ redox mechanism) for the quinone units in the absence of the hydrophobic magnetic NPs, while the attraction of the magnetic NPs to the surface results in the stepwise single-electron transfer mechanism characteristic of a dry nonaqueous medium. Also, the attraction of the hydrophobic magnetic NPs to the Au electrode surface modified with Au NPs (ca. 1.4 nm) yields a microenvironment with a low dielectric constant that results in the single-electron quantum charging of the Au NPs.}, subject = {Biosensor}, language = {en} } @article{KassabHanPoghossianetal.2004, author = {Kassab, T. and Han, Y. and Poghossian, Arshak and Ingebrandt, S. and Offenh{\"a}usser, A. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Detection of layerby-layer adsorbed polyelectrolytes by means of field-effect based capacitive EIS structures}, series = {Biomedizinische Technik. 49 (2004), H. 2}, journal = {Biomedizinische Technik. 49 (2004), H. 2}, isbn = {0932-4666}, pages = {1034 -- 1035}, year = {2004}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KasperSchiffelsKrafftetal.2016, author = {Kasper, Katharina and Schiffels, Johannes and Krafft, Simone and Kuperjans, Isabel and Elbers, Gereon and Selmer, Thorsten}, title = {Biogas Production on Demand Regulated by Butyric Acid Addition}, series = {IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Bd. 32}, volume = {32}, booktitle = {IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Bd. 32}, issn = {1755-1315}, doi = {10.1088/1755-1315/32/1/012009}, pages = {012009/1 -- 012009/4}, year = {2016}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KaschSchmidtEichleretal.2020, author = {Kasch, Susanne and Schmidt, Thomas and Eichler, Fabian and Thurn, Laura and Jahn, Simon and Bremen, Sebastian}, title = {Solution approaches and process concepts for powder bed-based melting of glass}, series = {Industrializing Additive Manufacturing. Proceedings of AMPA2020}, booktitle = {Industrializing Additive Manufacturing. Proceedings of AMPA2020}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, isbn = {978-3-030-54333-4 (Print)}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-54334-1_7}, pages = {82 -- 95}, year = {2020}, abstract = {In the study, the process chain of additive manufacturing by means of powder bed fusion will be presented based on the material glass. In order to reliably process components additively, new concepts with different solutions were developed and investigated. Compared to established metallic materials, the properties of glass materials differ significantly. Therefore, the process control was adapted to the material glass in the investigations. With extensive parameter studies based on various glass powders such as borosilicate glass and quartz glass, scientifically proven results on powder bed fusion of glass are presented. Based on the determination of the particle properties with different methods, extensive investigations are made regarding the melting behavior of glass by means of laser beams. Furthermore, the experimental setup was steadily expanded. In addition to the integration of coaxial temperature measurement and regulation, preheating of the building platform is of major importance. This offers the possibility to perform 3D printing at the transformation temperatures of the glass materials. To improve the component's properties, the influence of a subsequent heat treatment was also investigated. The experience gained was incorporated into a new experimental system, which allows a much better exploration of the 3D printing of glass. Currently, studies are being conducted to improve surface texture, building accuracy, and geometrical capabilities using three-dimensional specimen. The contribution shows the development of research in the field of 3D printing of glass, gives an insight into the machine and process engineering as well as an outlook on the possibilities and applications.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KarzerMatcha2009, author = {Karzer, R{\"u}diger and Matcha, Heike}, title = {Experimental design-build: teaching parameter-based design}, series = {Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings]}, booktitle = {Computation: The New Realm of Architectural Design [27th eCAADe Conference Proceedings]}, isbn = {978-0-9541183-8-9}, doi = {10.52842/conf.ecaade.2009.153}, pages = {153 -- 158}, year = {2009}, language = {en} } @article{KarschuckSchmidtAchtsnichtetal.2023, author = {Karschuck, Tobias and Schmidt, Stefan and Achtsnicht, Stefan and Poghossian, Arshak and Wagner, Patrick and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Multiplexing system for automated characterization of a capacitive field-effect sensor array}, series = {Physica Status Solidi A}, volume = {220}, journal = {Physica Status Solidi A}, number = {22}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {1862-6300 (Print)}, doi = {10.1002/pssa.202300265}, pages = {7 Seiten}, year = {2023}, abstract = {In comparison to single-analyte devices, multiplexed systems for a multianalyte detection offer a reduced assay time and sample volume, low cost, and high throughput. Herein, a multiplexing platform for an automated quasi-simultaneous characterization of multiple (up to 16) capacitive field-effect sensors by the capacitive-voltage (C-V) and the constant-capacitance (ConCap) mode is presented. The sensors are mounted in a newly designed multicell arrangement with one common reference electrode and are electrically connected to the impedance analyzer via the base station. A Python script for the automated characterization of the sensors executes the user-defined measurement protocol. The developed multiplexing system is tested for pH measurements and the label-free detection of ligand-stabilized, charged gold nanoparticles.}, language = {en} } @article{KarschuckPoghossianSeretal.2024, author = {Karschuck, Tobias and Poghossian, Arshak and Ser, Joey and Tsokolakyan, Astghik and Achtsnicht, Stefan and Wagner, Patrick and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Capacitive model of enzyme-modified field-effect biosensors: Impact of enzyme coverage}, series = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical}, volume = {408}, journal = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0925-4005 (Print)}, doi = {10.1016/j.snb.2024.135530}, pages = {12 Seiten}, year = {2024}, abstract = {Electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitors (EISCAP) belong to field-effect sensors having an attractive transducer architecture for constructing various biochemical sensors. In this study, a capacitive model of enzyme-modified EISCAPs has been developed and the impact of the surface coverage of immobilized enzymes on its capacitance-voltage and constant-capacitance characteristics was studied theoretically and experimentally. The used multicell arrangement enables a multiplexed electrochemical characterization of up to sixteen EISCAPs. Different enzyme coverages have been achieved by means of parallel electrical connection of bare and enzyme-covered single EISCAPs in diverse combinations. As predicted by the model, with increasing the enzyme coverage, both the shift of capacitance-voltage curves and the amplitude of the constant-capacitance signal increase, resulting in an enhancement of analyte sensitivity of the EISCAP biosensor. In addition, the capability of the multicell arrangement with multi-enzyme covered EISCAPs for sequentially detecting multianalytes (penicillin and urea) utilizing the enzymes penicillinase and urease has been experimentally demonstrated and discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{KarschuckKaulenPoghossianetal.2021, author = {Karschuck, Tobias and Kaulen, Corinna and Poghossian, Arshak and Wagner, Patrick H. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Gold nanoparticle-modified capacitive field-effect sensors: Studying the surface density of nanoparticles and coupling of charged polyelectrolyte macromolecules}, series = {Electrochemical Science Advances}, volume = {2}, journal = {Electrochemical Science Advances}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0938-5193}, doi = {10.1002/elsa.202100179}, pages = {10 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The coupling of ligand-stabilized gold nanoparticles with field-effect devices offers new possibilities for label-free biosensing. In this work, we study the immobilization of aminooctanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuAOTs) on the silicon dioxide surface of a capacitive field-effect sensor. The terminal amino group of the AuAOT is well suited for the functionalization with biomolecules. The attachment of the positively-charged AuAOTs on a capacitive field-effect sensor was detected by direct electrical readout using capacitance-voltage and constant capacitance measurements. With a higher particle density on the sensor surface, the measured signal change was correspondingly more pronounced. The results demonstrate the ability of capacitive field-effect sensors for the non-destructive quantitative validation of nanoparticle immobilization. In addition, the electrostatic binding of the polyanion polystyrene sulfonate to the AuAOT-modified sensor surface was studied as a model system for the label-free detection of charged macromolecules. Most likely, this approach can be transferred to the label-free detection of other charged molecules such as enzymes or antibodies.}, language = {en} } @article{KarschuckFilipovBollellaetal.2019, author = {Karschuck, T. L. and Filipov, Y. and Bollella, P. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Katz, E.}, title = {Not-XOR (NXOR) logic gate based on an enzyme-catalyzed reaction}, series = {International Journal of Unconventional Computing}, volume = {14}, journal = {International Journal of Unconventional Computing}, number = {3-4}, publisher = {Old City Publishing}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {1548-7199}, pages = {235 -- 242}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Enzyme-catalyzed reactions have been designed to mimic various Boolean logic gates in the general framework of unconventional biomolecular computing. While some of the logic gates, particularly OR, AND, are easy to realize with biocatalytic reactions and have been reported in numerous publications, some other, like NXOR, are very challenging and have not been realized yet with enzyme reactions. The paper reports on a novel approach to mimicking the NXOR logic gate using the bell-shaped enzyme activity dependent on pH values. Shifting pH from the optimum value to the acidic or basic values by using acid or base inputs (meaning 1,0 and 0,1 inputs) inhibits the enzyme reaction, while keeping the optimum pH (assuming 0,0 and 1,1 input combinations) preserves a high enzyme activity. The challenging part of the present approach is the selection of an enzyme with a well-demonstrated bell-shape activity dependence on the pH value. While many enzymes can satisfy this condition, we selected pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-dependent glucose dehydrogenase as this enzyme has the optimum pH center-located on the pH scale allowing the enzyme activity change by the acidic and basic pH shift from the optimum value corresponding to the highest activity. The present NXOR gate is added to the biomolecular "toolbox" as a new example of Boolean logic gates based on enzyme reactions.}, language = {en} } @article{KarnatakKantzBialonski2017, author = {Karnatak, Rajat and Kantz, Holger and Bialonski, Stephan}, title = {Early warning signal for interior crises in excitable systems}, series = {Physical Review E}, volume = {96}, journal = {Physical Review E}, number = {4}, issn = {2470-0053}, doi = {10.1103/PhysRevE.96.042211}, pages = {042211}, year = {2017}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{KarimiButenwegToll2005, author = {Karimi, Iman and Butenweg, Christoph and Toll, Britta}, title = {Vulnerability assessment of industrial facilities}, series = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing : [Rome, Italy, 30. August - 2. September 2005] / ed. by B. H. V. Topping}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing : [Rome, Italy, 30. August - 2. September 2005] / ed. by B. H. V. Topping}, publisher = {Civil-Comp Press}, address = {Stirling}, organization = {International Conference on Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering Computing <10, 2005, Rome>}, isbn = {1-905088-00-0}, doi = {10.4203/ccp.81.34}, pages = {34, 73 -- 75}, year = {2005}, language = {en} } @article{KaramanidisAlbrachtBraunsteinetal.2011, author = {Karamanidis, Kiros and Albracht, Kirsten and Braunstein, Bjoern and Catala, Maria Moreno and Goldmann, Jan-Peter and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter}, title = {Lower leg musculoskeletal geometry and sprint performance}, series = {Gait and Posture}, volume = {34}, journal = {Gait and Posture}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0966-6362}, doi = {10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.03.009}, pages = {138 -- 141}, year = {2011}, abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sprint performance is related to lower leg musculoskeletal geometry within a homogeneous group of highly trained 100-m sprinters. Using a cluster analysis, eighteen male sprinters were divided into two groups based on their personal best (fast: N = 11, 10.30 ± 0.07 s; slow: N = 7, 10.70 ± 0.08 s). Calf muscular fascicle arrangement and Achilles tendon moment arms (calculated by the gradient of tendon excursion versus ankle joint angle) were analyzed for each athlete using ultrasonography. Achilles tendon moment arm, foot and ankle skeletal geometry, fascicle arrangement as well as the ratio of fascicle length to Achilles tendon moment arm showed no significant (p > 0.05) correlation with sprint performance, nor were there any differences in the analyzed musculoskeletal parameters between the fast and slow sprinter group. Our findings provide evidence that differences in sprint ability in world-class athletes are not a result of differences in the geometrical design of the lower leg even when considering both skeletal and muscular components.}, language = {en} }