@inproceedings{SuryoputriGhaderiLinderetal.2017,
  author    = {Suryoputri, Nathania and Ghaderi, Aydin and Linder, Peter and Kotliar, Konstantin and G{\"o}ttler, Jens and Sorg, Christian and Grimmer, Timo},
  title     = {Does hemodynamic response function change in Alzheimer disease?},
  series = {2nd YRA MedTech Symposium 2017 : June 8th - 9th / 2017 / Hochschule Ruhr-West},
  booktitle = {2nd YRA MedTech Symposium 2017 : June 8th - 9th / 2017 / Hochschule Ruhr-West},
  editor    = {Erni, Daniel and Fischerauer, Alice and Himmel, J{\"o}rg and Seeger, Thomas and Thelen, Klaus},
  publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Duisburg-Essen},
  address   = {Duisburg},
  organization    = {MedTech Symposium},
  isbn      = {978-3-9814801-9-1},
  doi       = {10.17185/duepublico/43984},
  pages     = {92},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SurteesGillespieKernetal.2004,
  author    = {Surtees, A. J. and Gillespie, A. and Kern, Alexander and Rousseau, A.},
  title     = {DEVELOPMENT OF A RISK ASSESSMENT CALCULATOR BASED ON A SIMPLIFIED FORM OF THE IEC 62305-2 STANDARD ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Neue Blitzschutznorm IEC 62305. Entwicklung einer einfachen Software zur Risikoabw{\"a}gung},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SunAltherrPeietal.2018,
  author    = {Sun, Hui and Altherr, Lena and Pei, Ji and Pelz, Peter F. and Yuan, Shouqi},
  title     = {Optimal booster station design and operation under uncertain load},
  series = {Applied Mechanics and Materials},
  volume    = {885},
  journal   = {Applied Mechanics and Materials},
  publisher = {Trans Tech Publications},
  address   = {B{\"a}ch},
  issn      = {1662-7482},
  doi       = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.885.102},
  pages     = {102 -- 115},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Given industrial applications, the costs for the operation and maintenance of a pump system typically far exceed its purchase price. For finding an optimal pump configuration which minimizes not only investment, but life-cycle costs, methods like Technical Operations Research which is based on Mixed-Integer Programming can be applied. However, during the planning phase, the designer is often faced with uncertain input data, e.g. future load demands can only be estimated. In this work, we deal with this uncertainty by developing a chance-constrained two-stage (CCTS) stochastic program. The design and operation of a booster station working under uncertain load demand are optimized to minimize total cost including purchase price, operation cost incurred by energy consumption and penalty cost resulting from water shortage. We find optimized system layouts using a sample average approximation (SAA) algorithm, and analyze the results for different risk levels of water shortage. By adjusting the risk level, the costs and performance range of the system can be balanced, and thus the system's resilience can be engineered},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SukhotinaStreckertBitzetal.2006,
  author    = {Sukhotina, Irina and Streckert, Joachim R. and Bitz, Andreas and Hansen, Volkert W. and Lerchl, Alexander},
  title     = {1800 MHz electromagnetic field effects on melatonin release from isolated pineal glands},
  series = {Journal of Pineal Research},
  volume    = {40},
  journal   = {Journal of Pineal Research},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {1600-079X},
  doi       = {10.1111/j.1600-079X.2005.00284.x},
  pages     = {86 -- 91},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{StoebeHoefkenSchubaetal.2013,
  author    = {St{\"o}be, Rolf and H{\"o}fken, Hans-Wilhelm and Schuba, Marko and Breuer, Michael},
  title     = {Artificial ageing of mobile devices using a simulated GSM/GPRS network},
  series = {Eighth International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES) : 2-6 Sept. 2013, Regensburg},
  booktitle = {Eighth International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES) : 2-6 Sept. 2013, Regensburg},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  pages     = {493 -- 497},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StaeudleSeynnesLapsetal.2021,
  author    = {St{\"a}udle, Benjamin and Seynnes, Olivier and Laps, Guido and G{\"o}ll, Fabian and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter and Albracht, Kirsten},
  title     = {Recovery from achilles tendon repair: a combination of Postsurgery Outcomes and Insufficient remodeling of muscle and tendon},
  series = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {American College of Sports Medicine},
  address   = {Philadelphia, Pa.},
  issn      = {1530-0315},
  doi       = {10.1249/MSS.0000000000002592},
  pages     = {1356 -- 1366},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) patients have persistent functional deficits in the triceps surae muscle-tendon unit (MTU). The complex remodeling of the MTU accompanying these deficits remains poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to associate in vivo and in silico data to investigate the relations between changes inMTU properties and strength deficits inATR patients. Methods: Elevenmale subjects who had undergone surgical repair of complete unilateral ATR were examined 4.6 ± 2.0 (mean ± SD) yr after rupture. Gastrocnemius medialis (GM) tendon stiffness, morphology, and muscle architecture were determined using ultrasonography. The force-length relation of the plantar flexor muscles was assessed at five ankle joint angles. In addition, simulations (OpenSim) of the GM MTU force-length properties were performed with various iterations of MTU properties found between the unaffected and the affected side. Results: The affected side of the patients displayed a longer, larger, and stiffer GM tendon (13\% ± 10\%, 105\% ± 28\%, and 54\% ± 24\%, respectively) compared with the unaffected side. The GM muscle fascicles of the affected side were shorter (32\% ± 12\%) and with greater pennation angles (31\% ± 26\%). A mean deficit in plantarflexion moment of 31\% ± 10\% was measured. Simulations indicate that pairing an intact muscle with a longer tendon shifts the optimal angular range of peak force outside physiological angular ranges, whereas the shorter muscle fascicles and tendon stiffening seen in the affected side decrease this shift, albeit incompletely. Conclusions: These results suggest that the substantial changes in MTU properties found in ATR patients may partly result from compensatory remodeling, although this process appears insufficient to fully restore muscle function.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StaeudleSeynnesLapsetal.2022,
  author    = {St{\"a}udle, Benjamin and Seynnes, Olivier and Laps, Guido and Br{\"u}ggemann, Gert-Peter and Albracht, Kirsten},
  title     = {Altered gastrocnemius contractile behavior in former achilles tendon rupture patients during walking},
  series = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Frontiers in Physiology},
  publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  issn      = {1664-042X},
  doi       = {10.3389/fphys.2022.792576},
  pages     = {12 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) remains associated with functional limitations years after injury. Architectural remodeling of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle is typically observed in the affected leg and may compensate force deficits caused by a longer tendon. Yet patients seem to retain functional limitations during—low-force—walking gait. To explore the potential limits imposed by the remodeled GM muscle-tendon unit (MTU) on walking gait, we examined the contractile behavior of muscle fascicles during the stance phase. In a cross-sectional design, we studied nine former patients (males; age: 45 ± 9 years; height: 180 ± 7 cm; weight: 83 ± 6 kg) with a history of complete unilateral ATR, approximately 4 years post-surgery. Using ultrasonography, GM tendon morphology, muscle architecture at rest, and fascicular behavior were assessed during walking at 1.5 m⋅s-1 on a treadmill. Walking patterns were recorded with a motion capture system. The unaffected leg served as control. Lower limbs kinematics were largely similar between legs during walking. Typical features of ATR-related MTU remodeling were observed during the stance sub-phases corresponding to series elastic element (SEE) lengthening (energy storage) and SEE shortening (energy release), with shorter GM fascicles (36 and 36\%, respectively) and greater pennation angles (8° and 12°, respectively). However, relative to the optimal fascicle length for force production, fascicles operated at comparable length in both legs. Similarly, when expressed relative to optimal fascicle length, fascicle contraction velocity was not different between sides, except at the time-point of peak series elastic element (SEE) length, where it was 39 ± 49\% lower in the affected leg. Concomitantly, fascicles rotation during contraction was greater in the affected leg during the whole stance-phase, and architectural gear ratios (AGR) was larger during SEE lengthening. Under the present testing conditions, former ATR patients had recovered a relatively symmetrical walking gait pattern. Differences in seen AGR seem to accommodate the profound changes in MTU architecture, limiting the required fascicle shortening velocity. Overall, the contractile behavior of the GM fascicles does not restrict length- or velocity-dependent force potentials during this locomotor task.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StulpeSwat2001,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner and Swat, Maciej},
  title     = {Quantum States as Probability Measures},
  series = {Foundations of Physics Letters. 14 (2001), H. 3},
  journal   = {Foundations of Physics Letters. 14 (2001), H. 3},
  isbn      = {1572-9524},
  pages     = {285 -- 293},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StulpeSinger1990,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner and Singer, Matthias},
  title     = {Informational Incompleteness of the Observables Sx,Sy,Sz for Spin-1 Systems. Singer, Matthias; Stulpe, W.},
  series = {Foundations of Physics. 20 (1990), H. 4},
  journal   = {Foundations of Physics. 20 (1990), H. 4},
  isbn      = {1572-9516},
  pages     = {471 -- 472},
  year      = {1990},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StulpeSinger1990,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner and Singer, Matthias},
  title     = {Some Remarks on the Determination of Quantum States by Measurements},
  series = {Foundations of Physics Letters. 3 (1990), H. 2},
  journal   = {Foundations of Physics Letters. 3 (1990), H. 2},
  isbn      = {1572-9524},
  pages     = {153 -- 166},
  year      = {1990},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StulpeSinger1992,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner and Singer, Matthias},
  title     = {Phase-Space Representations of General Statistical Physical Theories. Singer, Matthias; Stulpe, Werner},
  series = {Journal of Mathematical Physics. 33 (1992), H. 1},
  journal   = {Journal of Mathematical Physics. 33 (1992), H. 1},
  isbn      = {1089-7658},
  pages     = {131 -- 142},
  year      = {1992},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StulpeScholz2009,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner and Scholz, Erhard},
  title     = {Hilbert Space / Scholz, Erhard ; Stulpe, Werner},
  series = {Compendium of Quantum Physics : concepts, experiments, history and philosophy / Daniel Greenberger ... ed.},
  journal   = {Compendium of Quantum Physics : concepts, experiments, history and philosophy / Daniel Greenberger ... ed.},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-540-70622-9},
  pages     = {291 -- 295},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StulpeRuch1998,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner and Ruch, Ernst},
  title     = {Proof of the Mixing Theorem for Statistical Systems in Classical Physics. Ruch, Ernst; Stulpe, Werner},
  series = {Acta Applicandae Mathematicae. 53 (1998), H. 3},
  journal   = {Acta Applicandae Mathematicae. 53 (1998), H. 3},
  isbn      = {1572-9036},
  pages     = {329 -- 352},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StulpeHellwig1983,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner and Hellwig, K.-E.},
  title     = {A Formulation of Quantum Stochastic Processes and Some of its Properties. Hellwig, K.-E.; Stulpe, W.},
  series = {Foundations of Physics. 13 (1983), H. 7},
  journal   = {Foundations of Physics. 13 (1983), H. 7},
  isbn      = {1572-9516},
  pages     = {673 -- 699},
  year      = {1983},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StulpeHellwig1993,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner and Hellwig, K.-E.},
  title     = {A Classical Reformulation of Finite-Dimensional Quantum Mechanics. Hellwig, K.-E.; Stulpe, W.},
  series = {Quantum measurement, irreversibility and the physics of information / Symposium on the Foundations of Modern Physics 1993, Cologne, Germany 1 - 5 June 1993. Ed. Paul Busch},
  journal   = {Quantum measurement, irreversibility and the physics of information / Symposium on the Foundations of Modern Physics 1993, Cologne, Germany 1 - 5 June 1993. Ed. Paul Busch},
  publisher = {World Scientific},
  address   = {Singapore [u.a.]},
  isbn      = {981021507X},
  pages     = {209 -- 214},
  year      = {1993},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StulpeGudderHagler1988,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner and Gudder, S. and Hagler, J.},
  title     = {An Uncertainty Relation for Joint Position-Momentum Measurements},
  series = {Foundations of Physics Letters. 1 (1988), H. 3},
  journal   = {Foundations of Physics Letters. 1 (1988), H. 3},
  isbn      = {1572-9524},
  pages     = {287 -- 292},
  year      = {1988},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StulpeBusch2008,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner and Busch, Paul},
  title     = {The structure of classical extensions of quantum probability theory},
  series = {Journal of Mathematical Physics. 49 (2008), H. 3},
  journal   = {Journal of Mathematical Physics. 49 (2008), H. 3},
  isbn      = {1089-7658},
  pages     = {1 -- 22},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StulpeBuschHellwig1993,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner and Busch, P. and Hellwig, K.-E.},
  title     = {Classical Representations of Finite-Dimensional Quantum Mechanics. Busch, P.; Hellwig, K.-E.; Stulpe, W.},
  series = {International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 32 (1993), H. 3},
  journal   = {International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 32 (1993), H. 3},
  isbn      = {1572-9575},
  pages     = {399 -- 405},
  year      = {1993},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StulpeBugajskiHellwig1998,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner and Bugajski, S. and Hellwig, K.-E.},
  title     = {On Fuzzy Random Variables and Statistical Maps. Bugajski, S.; Hellwig, K.-E.; Stulpe, W.},
  series = {Reports on Mathematical Physics. 41 (1998), H. 1},
  journal   = {Reports on Mathematical Physics. 41 (1998), H. 1},
  isbn      = {0034-4877},
  pages     = {1 -- 11},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StulpeBjelakovic2005,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner and Bjelakovic, Igor},
  title     = {The Projective Hilbert Space as a Classical Phase Space for Nonrelativistic Quantum Dynamics. Bjelakovic, Igor; Stulpe, Werner},
  series = {International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 44 (2005), H. 11},
  journal   = {International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 44 (2005), H. 11},
  isbn      = {1572-9575},
  pages     = {2041 -- 2049},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Stulpe1987,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner},
  title     = {Conditional Expectations and Stochastic Processes in Quantum Probability},
  series = {Information complexity and control in quantum physics : proceedings of the 4. Internat. Seminar on Mathematical Theory of Dynamical Systems and Microphysics, Udine, Sept. 4 - 13, 1985 / ed. by A. Blaquiere ...},
  journal   = {Information complexity and control in quantum physics : proceedings of the 4. Internat. Seminar on Mathematical Theory of Dynamical Systems and Microphysics, Udine, Sept. 4 - 13, 1985 / ed. by A. Blaquiere ...},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wien [u.a.]},
  isbn      = {3-211-81992-4},
  pages     = {223 -- 234},
  year      = {1987},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Stulpe1988,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner},
  title     = {Conditional Expectations, Conditional Distributions, and A Posteriori Ensembles in Generalized Probability Theory},
  series = {International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 27 (1988), H. 5},
  journal   = {International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 27 (1988), H. 5},
  isbn      = {1572-9575},
  pages     = {587 -- 611},
  year      = {1988},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{Stulpe1997,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner},
  title     = {Classical Representations of Quantum Mechanics Related to Statistically Complete Observables},
  publisher = {Wissenschaft und Technik Verl.},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {3-89685-438-0},
  pages     = {117 S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Stulpe1992,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner},
  title     = {On the Representation of Quantum Mechanics on Phase Space},
  series = {International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 31 (1992), H. 9},
  journal   = {International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 31 (1992), H. 9},
  isbn      = {1572-9575},
  pages     = {1785 -- 1795},
  year      = {1992},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Stulpe1998,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner},
  title     = {On the Representation of Quantum Mechanics on a Classical Sample Space},
  series = {International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 37 (1998), H. 1},
  journal   = {International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 37 (1998), H. 1},
  isbn      = {1572-9575},
  pages     = {349 -- 356},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Stulpe1994,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner},
  title     = {Some Remarks on Classical Representations of Quantum Mechanics},
  series = {Foundations of Physics . 24 (1994), H. 7},
  journal   = {Foundations of Physics . 24 (1994), H. 7},
  isbn      = {1572-9516},
  pages     = {1089 -- 1094},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Stulpe2009,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner},
  title     = {Density Operator},
  series = {Compendium of Quantum Physics : concepts, experiments, history and philosophy / Daniel Greenberger ... ed.},
  journal   = {Compendium of Quantum Physics : concepts, experiments, history and philosophy / Daniel Greenberger ... ed.},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-540-70622-9},
  pages     = {166 -- 169},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Stulpe2009,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner},
  title     = {Operator},
  series = {Compendium of Quantum Physics : concepts, experiments, history and philosophy / Daniel Greenberger ... ed.},
  journal   = {Compendium of Quantum Physics : concepts, experiments, history and philosophy / Daniel Greenberger ... ed.},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-540-70622-9},
  pages     = {440 -- 444},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Stulpe2009,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner},
  title     = {Projection},
  series = {Compendium of Quantum Physics : concepts, experiments, history and philosophy / Daniel Greenberger ... ed.},
  journal   = {Compendium of Quantum Physics : concepts, experiments, history and philosophy / Daniel Greenberger ... ed.},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-540-70622-9},
  pages     = {497 -- 499},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Stulpe2009,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner},
  title     = {Self-Adjoint Operator},
  series = {Compendium of Quantum Physics : concepts, experiments, history and philosophy / Daniel Greenberger ... ed.},
  journal   = {Compendium of Quantum Physics : concepts, experiments, history and philosophy / Daniel Greenberger ... ed.},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-540-70622-9},
  pages     = {692 -- 697},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Stulpe2009,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner},
  title     = {Unitary Operator},
  series = {Compendium of Quantum Physics : concepts, experiments, history and philosophy / Daniel Greenberger ... ed.},
  journal   = {Compendium of Quantum Physics : concepts, experiments, history and philosophy / Daniel Greenberger ... ed.},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-540-70622-9},
  pages     = {807 -- 809},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Stulpe2014,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner},
  title     = {From the attempt of certain classical reformulations of quantum mechanics to quasi-probability representations},
  series = {Journal of Mathematical Physics},
  volume    = {55},
  journal   = {Journal of Mathematical Physics},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {AIP Publishing},
  address   = {College Park, Md.},
  issn      = {222-488},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.4861939},
  pages     = {Artikel 012109},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {The concept of an injective affine embedding of the quantum states into a set of classical states, i.e., into the set of the probability measures on some measurable space, as well as its relation to statistically complete observables is revisited, and its limitation in view of a classical reformulation of the statistical scheme of quantum mechanics is discussed. In particular, on the basis of a theorem concerning a non-denseness property of a set of coexistent effects, it is shown that an injective classical embedding of the quantum states cannot be supplemented by an at least approximate classical description of the quantum mechanical effects. As an alternative approach, the concept of quasi-probability representations of quantum mechanics is considered.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Stulpe2019,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner},
  title     = {Aspects of the Quantum-Classical Connection Based on Statistical Maps},
  series = {Foundations of Physics},
  volume    = {49},
  journal   = {Foundations of Physics},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  doi       = {10.1007/s10701-019-00269-9},
  pages     = {677 -- 692},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Stulpe2020,
  author    = {Stulpe, Werner},
  title     = {Pairwise coexistence of effects versus coexistence},
  series = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series},
  volume    = {1638},
  journal   = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series},
  number    = {012004},
  publisher = {IOP},
  address   = {Bristol},
  issn      = {1742-6596},
  doi       = {10.1088/1742-6596/1638/1/012004},
  pages     = {1 -- 21},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{StrieganStruthDickhoffetal.2019,
  author    = {Striegan, Constantin J. D. and Struth, Benjamin and Dickhoff, Jens and Kusterer, Karsten and Funke, Harald and Bohn, Dieter},
  title     = {Numerical Simulations of the Micromix DLN Hydrogen Combustion Technology with LES and Comparison to Results of RANS and Experimental Data},
  series = {Proceedings of International Gas Turbine Congress 2019 Tokyo, November 17-22, 2019, Tokyo, Japan.},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of International Gas Turbine Congress 2019 Tokyo, November 17-22, 2019, Tokyo, Japan.},
  isbn      = {978-4-89111-010-9},
  pages     = {1 -- 9},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{StrieganHajAyedFunkeetal.2017,
  author    = {Striegan, C. and Haj Ayed, A. and Funke, Harald and Loechle, S. and Kazari, M. and Horikawa, A. and Okada, K. and Koga, K.},
  title     = {Numerical combustion and heat transfer simulations and validation for a hydrogen fueled "micromix" test combustor in industrial gas turbine applications},
  series = {Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo},
  number    = {Volume Part F130041-4B, 2017},
  isbn      = {978-079185085-5},
  doi       = {10.1115/GT2017-64719},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{StriebingMuellerSchraudneretal.2022,
  author    = {Striebing, Clemens and M{\"u}ller, J{\"o}rg and Schraudner, Martina and Gewinner, Irina Valerie and Guerrero Morales, Patricia and Hochfeld, Katharina and Hoffman, Shekinah and Kmec, Julie A. and Nguyen, Huu Minh and Schneider, Jannick and Sheridan, Jennifer and Steuer-Dankert, Linda and Trimble O'Connor, Lindsey and Vandevelde-Rougale, Agn{\`e}s},
  title     = {Promoting diversity and combatting discrimination in research organizations: a practitioner's guide},
  series = {Diversity and discrimination in research organizations},
  booktitle = {Diversity and discrimination in research organizations},
  publisher = {Emerald Publishing Limited},
  address   = {Bingley},
  isbn      = {978-1-80117-959-1 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1108/978-1-80117-956-020221012},
  pages     = {421 -- 442},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {The essay is addressed to practitioners in research management and from academic leadership. It describes which measures can contribute to creating an inclusive climate for research teams and preventing and effectively dealing with discrimination. The practical recommendations consider the policy and organizational levels, as well as the individual perspective of research managers. Following a series of basic recommendations, six lessons learned are formulated, derived from the contributions to the edited collection on "Diversity and Discrimination in Research Organizations."},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StreunLarueParletal.2009,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Larue, H. and Parl, C. and Ziemons, Karl},
  title     = {A compact PET detector readout using charge-to-time conversion},
  series = {2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)},
  journal   = {2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record (NSS/MIC)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York},
  isbn      = {1082-3654},
  pages     = {1868 -- 1870},
  year      = {2009},
  abstract  = {The readout of gamma detectors is considerably simplified when the event intensity is encoded as a pulse width (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM). Time-to-Digital-Converters (TDC) replace the conventional ADCs and multiple TDCs can be realized easily in one PLD chip (Programmable Logic Device). The output of a PWM stage is only one digital signal per channel which is well suited for transport so that further processing can be performed apart from the detector. This is particularly interesting for large systems with high channel density (e.g. high resolution scanners). In this work we present a circuit with a linear transfer function that requires a minimum of components by performing the PWM already in the preamp stage. This allows a very compact and also cost-efficient implementation of the front-end electronics.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StreunChristHellendungetal.2005,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Christ, D. and Hellendung, A. and Larue, H. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.},
  title     = {Effects of crosstalk and gain nonuniformity using multichannel PMTs in the Clearpet® scanner},
  series = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  volume    = {537},
  journal   = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  number    = {1-2},
  isbn      = {0168-9002},
  pages     = {402 -- 405},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {The ClearPET® scanners developed by the Crystal Clear Collaboration use multichannel PMTs as photodetectors with scintillator pixels coupled individually to each channel. In order to localize an event each channel anode is connected to a comparator that triggers when the anode signal exceeds a common predefined threshold. Two major difficulties here are crosstalk of light and the gain nonuniformity of the PMT channels. Crosstalk can generate false triggering in channels adjacent to the actual event. On the one hand this can be suppressed by sufficiently increasing the threshold, but on the other hand a threshold too high can already prevent valid events on the lower gain channels from being detected. Finally, both effects restrict the dynamic range of pulse heights that can be processed. The requirements to the dynamic range are not low as the ClearPET® scanners detect the depth of interaction by phoswich pixels consisting of LSO and Lu0.7Y0.3AP, two scintillators with different light yields. We will present a model to estimate the achievable dynamic range and show solutions to increase it.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StreunChavanLameetal.2006,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Chavan, U. and Lame, H. and Parl, C. and M{\"u}ller-Veggian, Mattea and Ziemons, Karl},
  title     = {Treating the Gain Non-Uniformity of Multi Channel PMTs by Channel-Specific Trigger Levels},
  series = {2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 2.},
  journal   = {2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 2.},
  address   = {San Diego, CA},
  issn      = {1082-3654},
  pages     = {1301 -- 1304},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StreunBrandenburgLarueetal.2000,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Larue, H. and Zimmermann, E. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.},
  title     = {Pulse recording by free-running sampling},
  series = {2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 2},
  journal   = {2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 2},
  issn      = {1082-3654},
  pages     = {9/179 -- 9/181},
  year      = {2000},
  abstract  = {Pulses from a position-sensitive photomultiplier (PS-PMT) are recorded by free running ADCs at a sampling rate of 40 MHz. A four-channel acquisition-board has been developed which is equipped with four 12 bit-ADCs connected to one FPGA (field programmable gate array). The FPGA manages data acquisition and the transfer to the host computer. It can also work as a digital trigger, so a separate hardware-trigger can be omitted. The method of free running sampling provides a maximum of information, besides the pulse charge and amplitude also pulse shape and starting time are contained in the sampled data. These informations are crucial for many tasks such as distinguishing between different scintillator materials, determination of radiation type, pile-up recovery, coincidence detection or time-of-flight applications. The absence of an analog integrator allows coping with very high count rates. Since this method is going to be employed in positron emission tomography (PET), the position of an event is another important information. The simultaneous readout of four channels allows localization by means of center-of-gravity weighting. First results from a test setup with LSO-scintillators coupled to the PS-PMT are presented},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StreunBrandenburgLarueetal.2001,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Larue, H. and Zimmermann, E. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.},
  title     = {Pulse recording by free-running sampling},
  series = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},
  volume    = {48},
  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},
  number    = {3},
  isbn      = {0018-9499},
  pages     = {524 -- 526},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {Pulses from a position-sensitive photomultiplier (PS-PMT) are recorded by free-running ADCs at a sampling rate of 40 MHz. A four-channel acquisition board has been developed which is equipped with four 12-bit ADCs connected to one field programmable gate array (FPGA). The FPGA manages data acquisition and the transfer to the host computer. It can also work as a digital trigger, so a separate hardware trigger can be omitted. The method of free-running sampling provides a maximum of information, besides the pulse charge and amplitude also pulse shape and starting time are contained in the sampled data. This information is crucial for many tasks such as distinguishing between different scintillator materials, determination of radiation type, pile-up recovery, coincidence detection or time-of-flight applications. The absence of an analog integrator allows very high count rates to be dealt with. Since this method is to be employed in positron emission tomography (PET), the position of an event is also important. The simultaneous readout of four channels allows localization by means of center-of-gravity weighting. First results from a test setup with LSO scintillators coupled to the PS-PMT are presented here},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StreunBrandenburgLarueetal.2002,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Larue, H. and Zimmermann, E. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.},
  title     = {A PET system with free running ADCs},
  series = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  volume    = {486},
  journal   = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  number    = {1-2},
  issn      = {0168-9002},
  pages     = {18 -- 21},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {A small PET system has been built up with two multichannel photomultipliers, which are attached to a matrix of 64 single LSO crystals each. The signal from each multiplier is being sampled continuously by a 12 bit ADC at a sampling frequency of 40 MHz. In case of a scintillation pulse a subsequent FPGA sends the corresponding set of samples together with the channel information and a time mark to the host computer. The data transfer is performed with a rate of 20 MB/s. On the host all necessary information is extracted from the data. The pulse energy is determined, coincident events are detected and multiple hits within one matrix can be identified. In order to achieve a narrow time window the pulse starting time is refined further than the resolution of the time mark (=25 ns) would allow. This is possible by interpolating between the pulse samples. First data obtained from this system will be presented. The system is part of developments for a much larger system and has been created to study the feasibility and performance of the technique and the hardware architecture.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StreunBrandenburgLarueetal.2002,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Larue, H. and Zimmermann, E. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.},
  title     = {Coincidence detection by digital processing of free-running sampled pulses},
  series = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  volume    = {487},
  journal   = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
  number    = {3},
  isbn      = {0168-9002},
  pages     = {530 -- 534},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {Coincident events in two scintillator crystals coupled to photomultipliers (PMT) are detected by processing just the digital data of the recorded pulses. For this purpose the signals from both PMTs are continuously sampled by free-running ADCs at a sampling rate of 40 MHz. For each sampled pulse the starting time is determined by processing the pulse data. Even a fairly simple interpolating algorithm results in a FWHM of about 2 ns.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StreunBrandenburgLarueetal.2002,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Larue, H. and Zimmermann, E. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.},
  title     = {A PET system based on data processing of free-running sampled pulses},
  series = {2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 2},
  journal   = {2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 2},
  issn      = {1082-3654},
  pages     = {693 -- 694},
  year      = {2002},
  abstract  = {Within the developments for the Crystal Clear small animal PET project (CLEARPET) a dual head PET system has been established. The basic principle is the early digitization of the detector pulses by free running ADCs. The determination of the γ-energy and also the coincidence detection is performed by data processing of the sampled pulses on the host computer. Therefore a time mark is attached to each pulse identifying the current cycle of the 40 MHz sampling clock. In order to refine the time resolution the pulse starting time is interpolated from the samples of the pulse rise. The detector heads consist of multichannel PMTs with a single LSO scintillator crystal coupled to each channel. For each PMT only one ADC is required. The position of an event is obtained separately from trigger signals generated for each single channel. An FPGA is utilized for pulse buffering, generation of the time mark and for the data transfer to the host via a fast I/O-interface.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StreunBrandenburgLarueetal.2003,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Larue, H. and Saleh, H. and Zimmermann, E. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.},
  title     = {Pulse shape discrimination of LSO and LuYAP scintillators for depth of interaction detection in PET},
  series = {2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 3},
  journal   = {2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 3},
  issn      = {1082-3654},
  pages     = {1636 -- 1639},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {A feasible way to gain the depth of interaction information in a PET scanner is the use of phoswich detectors. In general the layer of interaction is identified front the pulse shape of the corresponding scintillator material. In this work pulses from LSO and LuYAP crystals were investigated in order to find a practical method of distinguishing. It turned out that such a pulse processing could he kept simple due to an additional slow component in the light decay of the LuYAP pulse. At the same time the short decay time guarantees that the major amount of the light output is still collected within a short pulse recording time.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StreunBrandenburgLarueetal.2003,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Larue, H. and Saleh, H. and Zimmermann, E. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.},
  title     = {Pulse shape discrimination of LSO and LuYAP scintillators for depth of interaction detection in PET},
  series = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},
  volume    = {50},
  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},
  number    = {3},
  isbn      = {0018-9499},
  pages     = {344 -- 347},
  year      = {2003},
  abstract  = {A feasible way to gain the depth of interaction information in a positron emission tomography scanner is the use of phoswich detectors. In general, the layer of interaction is identified from the pulse shape of the corresponding scintillator material. In this work, pulses from LSO and LuYAP crystals were investigated in order to find a practical method of distinguishing. It turned out that such a pulse processing could be kept simple because of an additional slow component in the light decay of the LuYAP pulse. At the same time, the short decay time guarantees that the major amount of the light output is still collected within a short pulse recording time.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StreunBrandenburgLarueetal.2006,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Larue, H. and Parl, C. and Ziemons, Karl},
  title     = {The data acquisition system of ClearPET neuro - a small animal PET scanner},
  series = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science},
  number    = {3},
  isbn      = {0018-9499},
  pages     = {700 -- 703},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The Crystal Clear Collaboration has developed a modular system for a small animal PET scanner (ClearPET). The modularity allows the assembly of scanners of different sizes and characteristics in order to satisfy the specific needs of the individual member institutions. The system performs depth of interaction detection by using a phoswich arrangement combining LSO and LuYAP scintillators which are coupled to Multichannel Photomultipliers (PMTs). For each PMT a free running 40 MHz ADC digitizes the signal and the complete scintillation pulse is sampled by an FPGA and sent with 20 MB/s to a PC for preprocessing. The pulse provides information about the gamma energy and the scintillator material which identifies the interaction layer. Furthermore, the exact pulse starting time is obtained from the sampled data. This is important as no hardware coincidence detection is implemented. All single events are recorded and coincidences are identified by software. The system in J{\"u}lich (ClearPET Neuro) is equipped with 10240 crystals on 80 PMTs. The paper will present an overview of the data acquisition system.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StreunBrandenburgKhodaverdietal.2006,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Khodaverdi, M. and Larue, H. and Parl, C. and Ziemons, Karl},
  title     = {Timemark correction for the ClearPET™ scanners},
  series = {2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 4},
  journal   = {2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 4},
  isbn      = {1082-3654},
  pages     = {2057 -- 2060},
  year      = {2006},
  abstract  = {The small animal PET scanners developed by the Crystal Clear Collaboration (ClearPETtrade) detect coincidences by analyzing timemarks which are attached to each event. The scanners are able to save complete single list mode data which allows analysis and modification of the timemarks after data acquisition. The timemarks are obtained from the digitally sampled detector pulses by calculating the baseline crossing of the rising edge of the pulse which is approximated as a straight line. But the limited sampling frequency causes a systematic error in the determination of the timemark. This error depends on the phase of the sampling clock at the time of the event. A statistical method that corrects these errors will be presented},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StreunBrandenburgBroekeletal.2004,
  author    = {Streun, M. and Brandenburg, G. and Br{\"o}kel, M. and Fuss, L. and Larue, H. and Parl, C. and Zimmermann, E. and Ziemons, Karl and Halling, H.},
  title     = {The ClearPET data acquisition},
  series = {2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 5},
  journal   = {2003 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, Vol. 5},
  issn      = {1082-3654},
  pages     = {3097 -- 3100},
  year      = {2004},
  abstract  = {Within the Crystal Clear Collaboration a modular system for a small animal PET scanner (ClearPET™) has been developed. The modularity allows the assembly of scanners of different sizes and characteristics in order to fit the specific needs of the individual member institutions. Now a first demonstrator is being completed in Julich. The system performs depth of interaction detection by using a phoswich arrangement combining LSO and LuYAP scintillators which are coupled to multi-channel photomultipliers (PMTs). A free-running ADC digitizes the signal from the PMT and the complete scintillation pulses are sampled by an FPGA and sent with 20 MB/S to a PC for preprocessing. The pulse provides information about the gamma energy and the scintillator material which identifies the interaction layer. Furthermore, the exact pulse starting time is obtained from the sampled data. This is important as no hardware coincidence detection is implemented. All single events are recorded and coincidences are identified by software. An advantage of that is that the coincidence window and the dimensions of the field of view can be adjusted easily. The ClearPET™ demonstrator is equipped with 10240 crystals on 80 PMTs. This paper presents an overview of the data acquisition system.},
  language  = {en}
}