@article{AbbasHedwigBalcetal.2023,
  author    = {Abbas, Karim and Hedwig, Lukas and Balc, Nicolae and Bremen, Sebastian},
  title     = {Advanced FFF of PEEK: Infill strategies and material characteristics for rapid tooling},
  series = {Polymers},
  volume    = {2023},
  journal   = {Polymers},
  number    = {15},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  doi       = {10.3390/polym15214293},
  pages     = {Artikel 4293},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Traditional vulcanization mold manufacturing is complex, costly, and under pressure due to shorter product lifecycles and diverse variations. Additive manufacturing using Fused Filament Fabrication and high-performance polymers like PEEK offer a promising future in this industry. This study assesses the compressive strength of various infill structures (honeycomb, grid, triangle, cubic, and gyroid) when considering two distinct build directions (Z, XY) to enhance PEEK's economic and resource efficiency in rapid tooling. A comparison with PETG samples shows the behavior of the infill strategies. Additionally, a proof of concept illustrates the application of a PEEK mold in vulcanization. A peak compressive strength of 135.6 MPa was attained in specimens that were 100\% solid and subjected to thermal post-treatment. This corresponds to a 20\% strength improvement in the Z direction. In terms of time and mechanical properties, the anisotropic grid and isotropic cubic infill have emerged for use in rapid tooling. Furthermore, the study highlights that reducing the layer thickness from 0.15 mm to 0.1 mm can result in a 15\% strength increase. The study unveils the successful utilization of a room-temperature FFF-printed PEEK mold in vulcanization injection molding. The parameters and infill strategies identified in this research enable the resource-efficient FFF printing of PEEK without compromising its strength properties. Using PEEK in rapid tooling allows a cost reduction of up to 70\% in tool production.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AbbasBalcBremenetal.2022,
  author    = {Abbas, Karim and Balc, Nicolae and Bremen, Sebastian and Skupin, Marco},
  title     = {Crystallization and aging behavior of polyetheretherketone PEEK within rapid tooling and rubber molding},
  series = {Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2504-4494},
  doi       = {10.3390/jmmp6050093},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {In times of short product life cycles, additive manufacturing and rapid tooling are important methods to make tool development and manufacturing more efficient. High-performance polymers are the key to mold production for prototypes and small series. However, the high temperatures during vulcanization injection molding cause thermal aging and can impair service life. The extent to which the thermal stress over the entire process chain stresses the material and whether it leads to irreversible material aging is evaluated. To this end, a mold made of PEEK is fabricated using fused filament fabrication and examined for its potential application. The mold is heated to 200 ◦C, filled with rubber, and cured. A differential scanning calorimetry analysis of each process step illustrates the crystallization behavior and first indicates the material resistance. It shows distinct cold crystallization regions at a build chamber temperature of 90 ◦C. At an ambient temperature above Tg, crystallization of 30\% is achieved, and cold crystallization no longer occurs. Additional tensile tests show a decrease in tensile strength after ten days of thermal aging. The steady decrease in recrystallization temperature indicates degradation of the additives. However, the tensile tests reveal steady embrittlement of the material due to increasing crosslinking.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{OPUS4-4303,
  title     = {Ingenieurfreunde FH Aachen : 75 Jahre F{\"o}rderverein; Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik, Maschinenbau und Mechatronik / [Hrsg.: Ingenieurfreunde FH Aachen e. V. ; Red.: H. J. Raatschen]},
  editor    = {Raatschen, Hans-J{\"u}rgen},
  publisher = {Klinkenberg},
  address   = {Aachen},
  isbn      = {978-3-941704-03-9},
  pages     = {112 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-3928,
  title     = {Stuhl, Form, Skulptur : ein Projekt des Fachbereichs Gestaltung der FH Aachen in Zsarb. mit dem Rotary Club Aachen-Charlemagne ; [... anl{\"a}sslich des Projektes Stuhl, Form, Skulptur ; Ausstellung ... 20. bis 22. November 2009 im Ludwig Forum der Stadt Aachen] / Red.: Rainer Plum ... Hrsg. / Initiatoren: Rotary Club Aachen-Charlemagne},
  address   = {Aachen},
  pages     = {84 S. : zahlr. Ill.},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{OPUS4-6272,
  title     = {B-AMC — broadband aeronautical multi-carrier communications},
  series = {Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference : [ICNS 2008] ; Bethesda, Md., 5 - 7 May 2008},
  booktitle = {Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference : [ICNS 2008] ; Bethesda, Md., 5 - 7 May 2008},
  organization    = {Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers},
  isbn      = {978-1-4244-2303-3 ; 978-1-4244-2304-0},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{OPUS4-11128,
  title     = {Dimensionen Nr. 30 / 2023: Magazin der FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences - Der Mensch im Mittelpunkt},
  address   = {Aachen},
  organization    = {Fachhochschule Aachen},
  pages     = {62 Seiten},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {06| Warum es gemeinsam besser geht 10| Interview 14| Wer ist hier der Boss? 18| Schnittstelle zwischen Mensch und Technik 22| Zweite Heimat J{\"u}lich 28| Zwischen Angst und Hoffnung 32| Eine Sternstunde f{\"u}r die FH Aachen 36| Gegen alle Widerst{\"a}nde 38| Ein Ort, der bleibt 42| Der Aufbl{\"u}hende 46| Der Computer sitzt am Steuer 52| Da geht das Herz auf 54| Hoch hinaus 58| Beratungsangebote 60| Das alte Sch{\"a}tzchen},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-9062,
  title     = {Angewandte Forschung in der Wirtschaftsinformatik},
  editor    = {Wolf, Martin R. and Barton, Thomas and Herrmann, Frank and Meister, Vera G. and M{\"u}ller, Christian and Seel, Christian},
  publisher = {Mana-Buch},
  address   = {Heide},
  isbn      = {978-3-944330-62-4},
  pages     = {259 Seiten},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-8743,
  title     = {Handbuch der Raumfahrttechnik},
  editor    = {Ley, Wilfried and Hallmann, Willi and Wittmann, Klaus},
  edition   = {5. Auflage},
  publisher = {Hanser},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  isbn      = {978-3-446-45429-3},
  pages     = {934 Seiten},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-5165,
  title     = {Multifunktionale Tischskulpturen : ein Projekt des Fachbereichs Gestaltung der FH Aachen in Zus.-Arb. mit dem Rotary Club Aachen-Charlemagne ; [... anl{\"a}sslich des Projektes Multifuktionale Tischskulpturen. 23. - 27. November 2011 im Zinkh{\"u}tter Hof der Stadt Stolberg (Rheinland)},
  publisher = {FH Aachen},
  address   = {Aachen},
  pages     = {[44] S. : {\"u}berw. Ill.},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-1635,
  title     = {Joseph Beuys : Natur, Materie, Form},
  editor    = {Zweite, Armin},
  publisher = {Schirmer/Mosel},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen [u.a.]},
  isbn      = {3-88814-453-1},
  pages     = {360 S. : {\"u}berw. Ill.},
  year      = {1991},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{OPUS4-5166,
  title     = {Kinetische Leuchtskulpturen : ein Projekt des Fachbereichs Gestaltung an der FH Aachen in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Rotary Club Aachen-Charlemagne},
  publisher = {FH Aachen},
  address   = {Aachen},
  pages     = {32 S. : zahlr. Ill.},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {de}
}