@misc{Kaemper2008,
  author    = {K{\"a}mper, Klaus-Peter},
  title     = {Lecture notes Sensors and Actuators WS 2008/2009},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Password necessarily. Access only for Students by Prof. Dr. Klaus-Peter K{\"a}mper. Winter semester 2008/2009. 488 pages (pdf) Contents 1. Introduction 2. Introduction to Sensors 3. Introduction to Microfabrication 4. Pressure Sensors 5. Acceleration Sensors 6. Angular Rate Sensors 7. Position Sensors 8. Flow Sensors 9. Piezoelectric Actuators 10. Magnetostrictive Actuators 11. Actuators based on Shape Memory Alloys 12. Actuators based on Electrorheological Fluids 13. Actuators based on Magnetorheological Fluids 14. Index},
  subject      = {Sensor},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BlomeKundt1988,
  author    = {Blome, Hans-Joachim and Kundt, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Leptonic jets from young stellar objects?},
  series = {Astrophysics and Space Science. 148 (1988), H. 2},
  journal   = {Astrophysics and Space Science. 148 (1988), H. 2},
  isbn      = {0004-640X},
  pages     = {343 -- 361},
  year      = {1988},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BoernerFunkeHendricketal.2009,
  author    = {B{\"o}rner, Sebastian and Funke, Harald and Hendrick, P. and Recker, E.},
  title     = {LES of Jets In Cross-Flow and Application to the "Micromix" Hydrogen Combustion},
  series = {XIX International Symposium on Air Breathing Engines 2009 (ISABE 2009) : Proceedings of a meeting held 7-11 September 2009, Montreal, Canada},
  booktitle = {XIX International Symposium on Air Breathing Engines 2009 (ISABE 2009) : Proceedings of a meeting held 7-11 September 2009, Montreal, Canada},
  isbn      = {9781615676064},
  pages     = {1555 -- 1561},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{FrauenrathPfeifferHezeletal.2012,
  author    = {Frauenrath, Tobias and Pfeiffer, Harald and Hezel, Fabian and Dieringer, Matthias A. and Winter, Lukas and Gr{\"a}ßl, Andreas and Santoro, Davide and {\"O}zerdem, Celal and Renz, Wolfgang and Greiser, Andreas and Niendorf, Thoralf},
  title     = {Lessons learned from cardiac MRI at 7.0 T: LV function assessment at 3.0 T using local multi-channel transceiver coil arrays},
  series = {2012 ISMRM Annual Meeting Proceedings},
  journal   = {2012 ISMRM Annual Meeting Proceedings},
  issn      = {1545-4428},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Cardiac MR (CMR) is of proven clinical value but also an area of vigorous ongoing research since image quality is not always exclusively defined by signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Recent developments of CMR at 7.0 T have been driven by pioneering explorations into novel multichannel transmit and receive coil array technology to tackle the challenges B1+-field inhomogeneities, to offset specific-absorption rate (SAR) constraints and to reduce banding artifacts in SSFP imaging. For this study, recognition of the benefits and performance of local surface Tx/Rx-array structures recently established at 7.0 T inspired migration to 3.0 T, where RF inhomogeneities and SAR limitations encountered in routine clinical CMR, though somewhat reduced versus the 7.0 T situation, remain significant. For all these reasons, this study was designed to build and examine the feasibility of a local four channel Tx/Rx cardiac coil array for anatomical and functional cardiac imaging at 3.0 T. For comparison, a homebuilt 4 channel Rx cardiac coil array exhibiting the same geometry as the Tx/Rx coil and a Rx surface coil array were used.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FerreinNiemuellerSchifferetal.2013,
  author    = {Ferrein, Alexander and Niem{\"u}ller, Tim and Schiffer, Stefan and Lakemeyer, Gerhard},
  title     = {Lessons learnt from developing the embodied AI platform CAESAR for domestic service robotics},
  series = {Designing intelligent robots : reintegrating AI II ; papers from the AAAI spring symposium ; [held March 25 - 27, 2013 in Palo Alto, California, USA, on the campus of Stanford University]. (Technical Report / Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence ; 2013,4)},
  booktitle = {Designing intelligent robots : reintegrating AI II ; papers from the AAAI spring symposium ; [held March 25 - 27, 2013 in Palo Alto, California, USA, on the campus of Stanford University]. (Technical Report / Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence ; 2013,4)},
  editor    = {Boots, Byron},
  organization    = {American Association for Artificial Intelligence},
  isbn      = {9781577356011},
  pages     = {21 -- 26},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TemizArtmannBaskurtPekcetinetal.2000,
  author    = {Temiz Artmann, Ayseg{\"u}l and Baskurt, Oguz K. and Pekcetin, C. and Kandemir, F.},
  title     = {Leukocyte activation, oxidant stress and red blood cell properties after acute, exhausting exercise in rats. Temiz, A.; Baskurt, O. K., Pekcetin, C.; Kandemir, F.; G{\"u}re, A.},
  series = {Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 22 (2000), H. 4},
  journal   = {Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation. 22 (2000), H. 4},
  isbn      = {1386-0291},
  pages     = {253 -- 259},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerVeggianTarasDehnhardtetal.1972,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller-Veggian, Mattea and Taras, P. and Dehnhardt, W. and Mills, S. J.},
  title     = {Level properties in the even even nuclei ¹³⁰,¹³²,¹³⁴ Ce - further evidence for the back bending effect},
  series = {Conf{\´e}rence europ{\´e}enne de physique nucl{\´e}aire : Aix-en-Provence, 26 juin - 1. juillet 1972 ; comptes rendus des communication = European conference on nuclear physics / patronn{\´e}e par La Soci{\´e}t{\´e} Fran{\c{c}}aise de Physique et La Soci{\´e}t{\´e} Europ{\´e}enne de Physique. Publ. avec le concours de Madeleine Porneuf},
  journal   = {Conf{\´e}rence europ{\´e}enne de physique nucl{\´e}aire : Aix-en-Provence, 26 juin - 1. juillet 1972 ; comptes rendus des communication = European conference on nuclear physics / patronn{\´e}e par La Soci{\´e}t{\´e} Fran{\c{c}}aise de Physique et La Soci{\´e}t{\´e} Europ{\´e}enne de Physique. Publ. avec le concours de Madeleine Porneuf},
  address   = {[Paris]},
  pages     = {102},
  year      = {1972},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoylerBalodisProkofjevs1998,
  author    = {Hoyler, Friedrich and Balodis, M. and Prokofjevs, P.},
  title     = {Level scheme of 194Ir / M. Balodis ; P. Prokofjevs ... F. Hoyler ...},
  series = {Nuclear physics <Amsterdam> / A. 641 (1998), H. 2},
  journal   = {Nuclear physics <Amsterdam> / A. 641 (1998), H. 2},
  isbn      = {0375-9474},
  pages     = {133 -- 187},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MuellerVeggianGonoLieder1978,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller-Veggian, Mattea and Gono, Y. and Lieder, R. M.},
  title     = {Level structure in the light transitional nuclei ¹³⁶,¹³⁷,¹³⁸ Ce},
  series = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Structure : Tokyo, Sept. 5 - 10, 1977 / ed. by T. Marumori. - Journal of the Physical Society of Japan ; Vol. 44, 1978 : Suppl.},
  journal   = {Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Structure : Tokyo, Sept. 5 - 10, 1977 / ed. by T. Marumori. - Journal of the Physical Society of Japan ; Vol. 44, 1978 : Suppl.},
  publisher = {Physical Soc. of Japan},
  address   = {Tokyo},
  pages     = {862},
  year      = {1978},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{MuellerVeggianDehnhardtMills1975,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller-Veggian, Mattea and Dehnhardt, W. and Mills, J. S.},
  title     = {Levels in the closed neutron shell nucleus ¹⁴² Nd},
  series = {International Symposium on Highly Excited States in Nuclei held at J{\"u}lich from 23-26 September 1975 : proceedings; Vol. 1 Contributed papers},
  booktitle = {International Symposium on Highly Excited States in Nuclei held at J{\"u}lich from 23-26 September 1975 : proceedings; Vol. 1 Contributed papers},
  publisher = {Verlag des Forschungszentrums J{\"u}lich},
  address   = {J{\"u}lich},
  pages     = {51},
  year      = {1975},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RosemannEggertVoigtetal.2012,
  author    = {Rosemann, Michael and Eggert, Mathias and Voigt, Matthias and Beverungen, Daniel},
  title     = {Leveraging Social Network Data for Analytical CRM Strategies - The Introduction of Social BI.},
  series = {ECIS 2012 Proceedings},
  booktitle = {ECIS 2012 Proceedings},
  pages     = {12 S.},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{CroonCzarnecki2021,
  author    = {Croon, Philipp and Czarnecki, Christian},
  title     = {Liability for loss or damages caused by RPA},
  series = {Robotic process automation : Management, technology, applications},
  booktitle = {Robotic process automation : Management, technology, applications},
  editor    = {Czarnecki, Christian and Fettke, Peter},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  address   = {Oldenbourg},
  isbn      = {9783110676778},
  doi       = {10.1515/9783110676693-202},
  pages     = {135 -- 151},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Intelligent autonomous software robots replacing human activities and performing administrative processes are reality in today's corporate world. This includes, for example, decisions about invoice payments, identification of customers for a marketing campaign, and answering customer complaints. What happens if such a software robot causes a damage? Due to the complete absence of human activities, the question is not trivial. It could even happen that no one is liable for a damage towards a third party, which could create an uncalculatable legal risk for business partners. Furthermore, the implementation and operation of those software robots involves various stakeholders, which result in the unsolvable endeavor of identifying the originator of a damage. Overall it is advisable to all involved parties to carefully consider the legal situation. This chapter discusses the liability of software robots from an interdisciplinary perspective. Based on different technical scenarios the legal aspects of liability are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FeldmannPyschnyDoeringetal.2012,
  author    = {Feldmann, Markus and Pyschny, D. and D{\"o}ring, Bernd and Kuhnhenne, Markus},
  title     = {Life cycle assessment of steel constructions},
  series = {Life-cycle and sustainability of civil infrastructure systems : proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE'12) : Vienna, Austria, October 3-6, 2012},
  booktitle = {Life-cycle and sustainability of civil infrastructure systems : proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering (IALCCE'12) : Vienna, Austria, October 3-6, 2012},
  publisher = {Taylor and Francis},
  address   = {Hoboken},
  organization    = {International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering <3, 2012, Wien>},
  isbn      = {978-0-203-10336-4},
  pages     = {321},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KunfermannDrumm2005,
  author    = {Kunfermann, Philipp and Drumm, Christian},
  title     = {Lifting XML schemas to ontologies - the concept finder algorithm},
  series = {MEDIATE 2005 First International Workshop on Mediation in Semantic Web Services Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Mediation in Semantic Web Services (MEDIATE 2005)},
  booktitle = {MEDIATE 2005 First International Workshop on Mediation in Semantic Web Services Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Mediation in Semantic Web Services (MEDIATE 2005)},
  pages     = {113 -- 122},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KaemperLehrEhrfeldetal.1994,
  author    = {K{\"a}mper, Klaus-Peter and Lehr, H. and Ehrfeld, W. and Michel, F.},
  title     = {LIGA Components for the Construction of Milliactuators. Lehr, H.; Ehrfeld, W.; K{\"a}mper, K.-P.; Michel, F.; Schmidt, M.},
  series = {1994 IEEE Symposium on Emerging Technologies \& Factory Automation : novel disciplines for the next century ; proceedings, November 6 - 10, 1994, Tokyo, Japan / ETFA '94. Hiroyuki Fujita [chairman] ... Sponsored by: Institute of Industrial Science, SEIKEN},
  journal   = {1994 IEEE Symposium on Emerging Technologies \& Factory Automation : novel disciplines for the next century ; proceedings, November 6 - 10, 1994, Tokyo, Japan / ETFA '94. Hiroyuki Fujita [chairman] ... Sponsored by: Institute of Industrial Science, SEIKEN},
  address   = {Piscataway, N.J.},
  isbn      = {0780321146},
  pages     = {43 -- 47},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KaemperHagemannLehretal.1995,
  author    = {K{\"a}mper, Klaus-Peter and Hagemann, B. and Lehr, H. and Michel, F.},
  title     = {LIGA Example 2: Electromagnetic Micromotor. Hagemann, B.; K{\"a}mper, K.-P.; Lehr, H.; Michel, F.; Th{\"u}rigen, C.},
  series = {LIGA technique / Hans-Dieter Bauer (ed.). [Developed by UETP-MEMS, University Training Partnership for Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems ...]. - 2.ed.},
  journal   = {LIGA technique / Hans-Dieter Bauer (ed.). [Developed by UETP-MEMS, University Training Partnership for Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems ...]. - 2.ed.},
  publisher = {FSRM},
  address   = {Neuchatel},
  pages     = {100 -- 110},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KaemperSchulzEhrfeldetal.1994,
  author    = {K{\"a}mper, Klaus-Peter and Schulz, C. and Ehrfeld, W. and Erbel, R.},
  title     = {LIGA Fabricated Microsystems for Medical and Related Applications. Schulz, C.; Ehrfeld, W.; Erbel, R.; K{\"a}mper, K.-P.; Koch, L.; Lehr, H.; Roth, T.},
  series = {3-Day Course on Microengineering in Medicine and Biology and its Applications to Minimally Invasive Techniques for Therapy and Medical Diagnosis : EURO-BME 94; October 5, 6, and 7, 1994, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland / [the 1994 EURO-BME Microengineering in Medicine and Biology Training Course. Staff: Christian D. Depeursinge ...]},
  journal   = {3-Day Course on Microengineering in Medicine and Biology and its Applications to Minimally Invasive Techniques for Therapy and Medical Diagnosis : EURO-BME 94; October 5, 6, and 7, 1994, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland / [the 1994 EURO-BME Microengineering in Medicine and Biology Training Course. Staff: Christian D. Depeursinge ...]},
  publisher = {REPRO EPFL},
  address   = {Lausanne},
  pages     = {Getr. Z{\"a}hlung : Ill., graph. Darst.},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{EversFleischhakerPalffyetal.2010,
  author    = {Evers, J{\"o}rg and Fleischhaker, Robert and P{\´a}lffy, A. and Keitel, C.},
  title     = {Light propagation : From atomic to nuclear quantum optics},
  series = {Modern optics and photonics: atoms and structured media},
  booktitle = {Modern optics and photonics: atoms and structured media},
  publisher = {World Scientific Publishing Co.},
  isbn      = {978-981431327-8},
  doi       = {10.1142/9789814313278_0001},
  pages     = {3 -- 15},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Fleischhaker2009,
  author    = {Fleischhaker, Robert},
  title     = {Light propagation in dense and chiral media},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Dachwald2017,
  author    = {Dachwald, Bernd},
  title     = {Light propulsion systems for spacecraft},
  series = {Optical nano and micro actuator technology},
  booktitle = {Optical nano and micro actuator technology},
  editor    = {Knopf, George K. and Otani, Yukitoshi},
  publisher = {CRC Press},
  address   = {Boca Raton},
  isbn      = {9781315217628 (eBook)},
  pages     = {577 -- 598},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeldenJablonskiWegeetal.2021,
  author    = {Welden, Rene and Jablonski, Melanie and Wege, Christina and Keusgen, Michael and Wagner, Patrick Hermann and Wagner, Torsten and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Light-Addressable Actuator-Sensor Platform for Monitoring and Manipulation of pH Gradients in Microfluidics: A Case Study with the Enzyme Penicillinase},
  series = {Biosensors},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Biosensors},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2079-6374},
  doi       = {10.3390/bios11060171},
  pages     = {Artikel 171},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The feasibility of light-addressed detection and manipulation of pH gradients inside an electrochemical microfluidic cell was studied. Local pH changes, induced by a light-addressable electrode (LAE), were detected using a light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) with different measurement modes representing an actuator-sensor system. Biosensor functionality was examined depending on locally induced pH gradients with the help of the model enzyme penicillinase, which had been immobilized in the microfluidic channel. The surface morphology of the LAE and enzyme-functionalized LAPS was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the penicillin sensitivity of the LAPS inside the microfluidic channel was determined with regard to the analyte's pH influence on the enzymatic reaction rate. In a final experiment, the LAE-controlled pH inhibition of the enzyme activity was monitored by the LAPS.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WeldenSchoeningWagneretal.2020,
  author    = {Welden, Rene and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Wagner, Patrick H. and Wagner, Torsten},
  title     = {Light-Addressable Electrodes for Dynamic and Flexible Addressing of Biological Systems and Electrochemical Reactions},
  series = {Sensors},
  volume    = {20},
  journal   = {Sensors},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1424-8220},
  doi       = {10.3390/s20061680},
  pages     = {Artikel 1680},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {In this review article, we are going to present an overview on possible applications of light-addressable electrodes (LAE) as actuator/manipulation devices besides classical electrode structures. For LAEs, the electrode material consists of a semiconductor. Illumination with a light source with the appropiate wavelength leads to the generation of electron-hole pairs which can be utilized for further photoelectrochemical reaction. Due to recent progress in light-projection technologies, highly dynamic and flexible illumination patterns can be generated, opening new possibilities for light-addressable electrodes. A short introduction on semiconductor-electrolyte interfaces with light stimulation is given together with electrode-design approaches. Towards applications, the stimulation of cells with different electrode materials and fabrication designs is explained, followed by analyte-manipulation strategies and spatially resolved photoelectrochemical deposition of different material types.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WagnerVornholtWerneretal.2016,
  author    = {Wagner, Torsten and Vornholt, Wolfgang and Werner, Frederik and Yoshinobu, Tatsuo and Miyamoto, Ko-Ichiro and Keusgen, Michael and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) combined with magnetic beads for pharmaceutical screening},
  series = {Physics in medicine},
  volume    = {2016},
  journal   = {Physics in medicine},
  number    = {1},
  issn      = {2352-4510},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.phmed.2016.03.001},
  pages     = {2 -- 7},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {The light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) has the unique feature to address different regions of a sensor surface without the need of complex structures. Measurements at different locations on the sensor surface can be performed in a common analyte solution, which distinctly simplifies the fluidic set-up. However, the measurement in a single analyte chamber prevents the application of different drugs or different concentrations of a drug to each measurement spot at the same time as in the case of multi-reservoir-based set-ups. In this work, the authors designed a LAPS-based set-up for cell culture screening that utilises magnetic beads loaded with the endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides, LPS), to generate a spatially distributed gradient of analyte concentration. Different external magnetic fields can be adjusted to move the magnetic beads loaded with a specific drug within the measurement cell. By recording the metabolic activities of a cell layer cultured on top of the LAPS surface, this work shows the possibility to apply different concentrations of a sample along the LAPS measurement spots within a common analyte solution.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DantismTakenagaWagneretal.2015,
  author    = {Dantism, S. and Takenaga, S. and Wagner, P. and Wagner, Torsten and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Light-addressable Potentiometric Sensor (LAPS) Combined with Multi-chamber Structures to Investigate the Metabolic Activity of Cells},
  series = {Procedia Engineering},
  volume    = {120},
  journal   = {Procedia Engineering},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1877-7058},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.647},
  pages     = {384 -- 387},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {LAPS are field-effect-based potentiometric sensors which are able to monitor analyte concentrations in a spatially resolved manner. Hence, a LAPS sensor system is a powerful device to record chemical imaging of the concentration of chemical species in an aqueous solution, chemical reactions, or the growth of cell colonies on the sensor surface, to record chemical images. In this work, multi-chamber 3D-printed structures made out of polymer (PP-ABS) were combined with LAPS chips to analyse differentially and simultaneously the metabolic activity of Escherichia coli K12 and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and the responds of those cells to the addition of glucose solution.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MiyamotoSatoAbeetal.2016,
  author    = {Miyamoto, Ko-Ichiro and Sato, Takuya and Abe, Minami and Wagner, Torsten and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Yoshinobu, Tatsuo},
  title     = {Light-addressable potentiometric sensor as a sensing element in plug-based microfluidic devices},
  series = {Micromachines},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Micromachines},
  number    = {7},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2072-666X},
  doi       = {10.3390/mi7070111},
  pages     = {111},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {A plug-based microfluidic system based on the principle of the light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is proposed. The LAPS is a semiconductor-based chemical sensor, which has a free addressability of the measurement point on the sensing surface. By combining a microfluidic device and LAPS, ion sensing can be performed anywhere inside the microfluidic channel. In this study, the sample solution to be measured was introduced into the channel in a form of a plug with a volume in the range of microliters. Taking advantage of the light-addressability, the position of the plug could be monitored and pneumatically controlled. With the developed system, the pH value of a plug with a volume down to 400 nL could be measured. As an example of plug-based operation, two plugs were merged in the channel, and the pH change was detected by differential measurement.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WagnerYoshinobuSchoening2008,
  author    = {Wagner, Torsten and Yoshinobu, T. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Light-addressable potentiometric sensor as semiconductor-based sensor platform for (bio-) chemical sensing},
  series = {Armenian Journal of Physics},
  booktitle = {Armenian Journal of Physics},
  issn      = {1829-1171},
  pages     = {99 -- 103},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YoshinobuSchoening2021,
  author    = {Yoshinobu, Tatsuo and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Light-addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS) for cell monitoring and biosensing},
  series = {Current Opinion in Electrochemistry},
  journal   = {Current Opinion in Electrochemistry},
  number    = {In Press, Journal Pre-proof},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {2451-9103},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100727},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WagnerSchoening2007,
  author    = {Wagner, Torsten and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Light-addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS): recent trends and applications},
  series = {Electrochemical sensor analysis / edited by S. Alegret ...},
  journal   = {Electrochemical sensor analysis / edited by S. Alegret ...},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {978-0-444-53053-0},
  pages     = {87 -- 128},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WagnerShigiaharaMiyamotoetal.2012,
  author    = {Wagner, Torsten and Shigiahara, N. and Miyamoto, K. and Suzurikawa, J. and Finger, F. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Yoshinobu, T.},
  title     = {Light-addressable Potentiometric Sensors and Light-addressable Electrodes as a Combined Sensor-and-manipulator Microsystem with High Flexibility},
  series = {Procedia Engineering},
  journal   = {Procedia Engineering},
  number    = {47},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1877-7058},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.proeng.2012.09.290},
  pages     = {890 -- 893},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {This work describes the novel combination of the light-addressable electrode (LAE) and the light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) into a microsystem set-up. Both the LAE as well as the LAPS shares the principle of addressing the active spot by means of a light beam. This enables both systems to manipulate resp. to detect an analyte with a high spatial resolution. Hence, combining both principles into a single set-up enables the active stimulation e.g., by means of electrolysis and a simultaneous observation e.g., the response of an entrapped biological cell by detection of extracellular pH changes. The work will describe the principles of both technologies and the necessary steps to integrate them into a single set-up. Furthermore, examples of application and operation of such systems will be presented.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{SchoeningWagnerPoghossianetal.2018,
  author    = {Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Wagner, Torsten and Poghossian, Arshak and Miyamoto, K.I. and Werner, C.F. and Krause, S. and Yoshinobu, T.},
  title     = {Light-addressable potentiometric sensors for (bio-)chemical sensing and imaging},
  series = {Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry. Vol. 7},
  booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry. Vol. 7},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {9780128097397},
  pages     = {295 -- 308},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{YoshinobuMiyamotoWerneretal.2017,
  author    = {Yoshinobu, Tatsuo and Miyamoto, Ko-ichiro and Werner, Frederik and Poghossian, Arshak and Wagner, Torsten and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Light-addressable potentiometric sensors for quantitative spatial imaging of chemical species},
  series = {Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry},
  publisher = {Annual Reviews},
  address   = {Palo Alto, Calif.},
  issn      = {1936-1327},
  doi       = {10.1146/annurev-anchem-061516-045158},
  pages     = {225 -- 246},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {A light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a semiconductor-based chemical sensor, in which a measurement site on the sensing surface is defined by illumination. This light addressability can be applied to visualize the spatial distribution of pH or the concentration of a specific chemical species, with potential applications in the fields of chemistry, materials science, biology, and medicine. In this review, the features of this chemical imaging sensor technology are compared with those of other technologies. Instrumentation, principles of operation, and various measurement modes of chemical imaging sensor systems are described. The review discusses and summarizes state-of-the-art technologies, especially with regard to the spatial resolution and measurement speed; for example, a high spatial resolution in a submicron range and a readout speed in the range of several tens of thousands of pixels per second have been achieved with the LAPS. The possibility of combining this technology with microfluidic devices and other potential future developments are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{YoshinobuSchoening2020,
  author    = {Yoshinobu, Tatsuo and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Light-addressing and chemical imaging technologies for electrochemical sensing},
  editor    = {Yoshinobu, Tatsuo and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  isbn      = {978-3-03943-029-1},
  doi       = {10.3390/books978-3-03943-029-1},
  pages     = {122 Pages},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BreuerRaueKirschbaumetal.2015,
  author    = {Breuer, Lars and Raue, Markus and Kirschbaum, M. and Mang, Thomas and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Thoelen, R. and Wagner, Torsten},
  title     = {Light-controllable polymeric material based on temperature-sensitive hydrogels with incorporated graphene oxide},
  series = {Physica status solidi (a)},
  volume    = {212},
  journal   = {Physica status solidi (a)},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1862-6319},
  doi       = {10.1002/pssa.201431944},
  pages     = {1368 -- 1374},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel films with incorporated graphene oxide (GO) were developed and tested as light-stimulated actuators. GO dispersions were synthesized via Hummers method and characterized toward their optical properties and photothermal energy conversion. The hydrogels were prepared by means of photopolymerization. In addition, the influence of GO within the hydrogel network on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The optical absorbance and the response to illumination were determined as a function of GO concentration for thin hydrogel films. A proof of principle for the stimulation with light was performed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BreuerRaueMangetal.2015,
  author    = {Breuer, Lars and Raue, Markus and Mang, Thomas and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Thoelen, Ronald and Wagner, Torsten},
  title     = {Light-stimulated hydrogel actuators with incorporated graphene oxide for microfluidic applications},
  series = {12. Dresdner Sensor-Symposium 2015},
  booktitle = {12. Dresdner Sensor-Symposium 2015},
  doi       = {10.5162/12dss2015/P5.8},
  pages     = {206 -- 209},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BreuerGuthmannSchoeningetal.2017,
  author    = {Breuer, Lars and Guthmann, Eric and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Thoelen, Ronald and Wagner, Torsten},
  title     = {Light-Stimulated Hydrogels with Incorporated Graphene Oxide as Actuator Material for Flow Control in Microfluidic Applications},
  series = {Proceedings Eurosensors 2017 Conference, Paris, France, 3-6 September 2017},
  booktitle = {Proceedings Eurosensors 2017 Conference, Paris, France, 3-6 September 2017},
  doi       = {10.3390/proceedings1040524},
  pages     = {1 -- 4},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{HoffschmidtFaber2007,
  author    = {Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Faber, Christian},
  title     = {Lighthouse project for North-Rhine Westfalia - Solar thermal R \& D Power Planet in J{\"u}lich},
  series = {Energy security, climate change and sustainable development / ed. Jyotirmay Mathur ...},
  booktitle = {Energy security, climate change and sustainable development / ed. Jyotirmay Mathur ...},
  publisher = {Anamaya Publ.},
  address   = {New Delhi},
  isbn      = {81-88342-81-5},
  pages     = {101 -- 116},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BragardBuddeHenteetal.2008,
  author    = {Bragard, Michael and Budde, W. O. and Hente, D. and Jacobs, J. H. A. M. and Waffenschmidt, E.},
  title     = {Lighting system : [patent of invention]},
  publisher = {WIPO / United States Patent and Trademark Office},
  address   = {Geneva / Alexandria, VA},
  pages     = {32 S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{BaumgartnerWunderlichJaunichetal.2012,
  author    = {Baumgartner, Thomas and Wunderlich, Florian and Jaunich, Arthur and Sato, Tomoo and Bundy, Georg and Grießmann, Nadine and Kowalski, Julia and Burghardt, Stefan and Hanebrink, J{\"o}rg},
  title     = {Lighting the way: Perspectives on the global lighting market},
  edition   = {2nd ed.},
  address   = {McKinsey},
  pages     = {58},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernHeidlerZischanketal.2002,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Heidler, Fridolin and Zischank, Wolfgang J. and Frentzel, Ralf},
  title     = {Lightning current distribution and coupling to control cables in power plants or large industrial facilites},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KernKrichelNeskakisetal.2001,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Krichel, Frank and Neskakis, Apostolos and M{\"u}ller, Klaus-Peter (u.a.)},
  title     = {Lightning protection design of a renewable energy hybrid-system without power mains connection},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KernKrichelMueller2001,
  author    = {Kern, Alexander and Krichel, Frank and M{\"u}ller, Klaus-Peter},
  title     = {Lightning protection design of a renewable energy hybrid-system without power mains connection},
  year      = {2001},
  abstract  = {In the year 2000 a direct lightning strike to the hybridsystem without power mains connection VATALI on the Greek island Crete results in the destruction and damage of some mechanical and electrical components. The hybrid-system VATALI was not lightning protected at that time. The hardware damage costs are approx. 60,000 €. The exposed site of the hybrid-system on top of a mountain was and still is the reason for a high risk of lightning strikes. Also in the future further lightning strikes have to be taken into consideration. In the paper a fundamental lightning protection design concept for renewable energy hybrid-systems without power mains connection and protection measures against direct strikes and overvoltages are shown in detail. The design concept was realized exemplarily for the hybrid-system VATALI. The hardware costs for the protection measures were about 15,000 €. About 50\% of the costs are due to protection measures against direct strikes, 50\% are due to overvoltage protection. Future extensions, new installations, or modifications have to be included into the lightning protection design concept of the hybrid-system.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BouquegneauKernRousseau2010,
  author    = {Bouquegneau, Christian and Kern, Alexander and Rousseau, Alain},
  title     = {Lightning safety guidelines},
  pages     = {1 -- 6},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BergsMonakhovaDiehletal.2021,
  author    = {Bergs, Michel and Monakhova, Yulia and Diehl, Bernd W. and Konow, Christopher and V{\"o}lkering, Georg and Pude, Ralf and Schulze, Margit},
  title     = {Lignins isolated via catalyst-free organosolv pulping from Miscanthus x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara: a comparative study},
  series = {Molecules},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Molecules},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {1420-3049},
  doi       = {10.3390/molecules26040842},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {As a low-input crop, Miscanthus offers numerous advantages that, in addition to agricultural applications, permits its exploitation for energy, fuel, and material production. Depending on the Miscanthus genotype, season, and harvest time as well as plant component (leaf versus stem), correlations between structure and properties of the corresponding isolated lignins differ. Here, a comparative study is presented between lignins isolated from M. x giganteus, M. sinensis, M. robustus and M. nagara using a catalyst-free organosolv pulping process. The lignins from different plant constituents are also compared regarding their similarities and differences regarding monolignol ratio and important linkages. Results showed that the plant genotype has the weakest influence on monolignol content and interunit linkages. In contrast, structural differences are more significant among lignins of different harvest time and/or season. Analyses were performed using fast and simple methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Data was assigned to four different linkages (A: β-O-4 linkage, B: phenylcoumaran, C: resinol, D: β-unsaturated ester). In conclusion, A content is particularly high in leaf-derived lignins at just under 70\% and significantly lower in stem and mixture lignins at around 60\% and almost 65\%. The second most common linkage pattern is D in all isolated lignins, the proportion of which is also strongly dependent on the crop portion. Both stem and mixture lignins, have a relatively high share of approximately 20\% or more (maximum is M. sinensis Sin2 with over 30\%). In the leaf-derived lignins, the proportions are significantly lower on average. Stem samples should be chosen if the highest possible lignin content is desired, specifically from the M. x giganteus genotype, which revealed lignin contents up to 27\%. Due to the better frost resistance and higher stem stability, M. nagara offers some advantages compared to M. x giganteus. Miscanthus crops are shown to be very attractive lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) for second generation biorefineries and lignin generation in Europe.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AkimbekovDigelAbdievaetal.2021,
  author    = {Akimbekov, Nuraly S. and Digel, Ilya and Abdieva, Gulzhamal and Ualieva, Perizat and Tastambek, Kuanysh},
  title     = {Lignite biosolubilization and bioconversion by Bacillus sp.: the collation of analytical data},
  series = {Biofuels},
  volume    = {12},
  journal   = {Biofuels},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1759-7277},
  pages     = {247 -- 258},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The vast metabolic potential of microbes in brown coal (lignite) processing and utilization can greatly contribute to innovative approaches to sustainable production of high-value products from coal. In this study, the multi-faceted and complex coal biosolubilization process by Bacillus sp. RKB 7 isolate from the Kazakhstan coal-mining soil is reported, and the derived products are characterized. Lignite solubilization tests performed for surface and suspension cultures testify to the formation of numerous soluble lignite-derived substances. Almost 24\% of crude lignite (5\% w/v) was solubilized within 14 days under slightly alkaline conditions (pH 8.2). FTIR analysis revealed various functional groups in the obtained biosolubilization products. Analyses of the lignite-derived humic products by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectrometry as well as elemental analysis yielded compatible results indicating the emerging products had a lower molecular weight and degree of aromaticity. Furthermore, XRD and SEM analyses were used to evaluate the biosolubilization processes from mineralogical and microscopic points of view. The findings not only contribute to a deeper understanding of microbe-mineral interactions in coal environments, but also contribute to knowledge of coal biosolubilization and bioconversion with regard to sustainable production of humic substances. The detailed and comprehensive analyses demonstrate the huge biotechnological potential of Bacillus sp. for agricultural productivity and environmental health.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{DuweTippkoetterUlber2018,
  author    = {Duwe, A. and Tippk{\"o}tter, Nils and Ulber, Roland},
  title     = {Lignocellulose-Biorefinery: Ethanol-Focused},
  series = {Biorefineries},
  booktitle = {Biorefineries},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  doi       = {10.1007/10_2016_72},
  pages     = {177 -- 215},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The development prospects of the world markets for petroleum and other liquid fuels are diverse and partly contradictory. However, comprehensive changes for the energy supply of the future are essential. Notwithstanding the fact that there are still very large deposits of energy resources from a geological point of view, the finite nature of conventional oil reserves is indisputable. To reduce our dependence on oil, the EU, the USA, and other major economic zones rely on energy diversification. For this purpose, alternative materials and technologies are being sought, and is most obvious in the transport sector. The objective is to progressively replace fossil fuels with renewable and more sustainable fuels. In this respect, biofuels have a pre-eminent position in terms of their capability of blending with fossil fuels and being usable in existing cars without substantial modification. Ethanol can be considered as the primary renewable liquid fuel. In this chapter enzymes, micro-organisms, and processes for ethanol production based on renewable resources are described.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{PothMonzonTippkoetteretal.2010,
  author    = {Poth, Sebastian and Monzon, Magaly and Tippk{\"o}tter, Nils and Ulber, Roland},
  title     = {Lignocellulosic biorefinery : process integration of hydrolysis and fermentation},
  series = {Proceedings / 11th European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp : August 16 - 19, 2010, Hamburg, Germany},
  booktitle = {Proceedings / 11th European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp : August 16 - 19, 2010, Hamburg, Germany},
  publisher = {vTi},
  address   = {Hamburg},
  pages     = {65 -- 68},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PothMonzonTippkoetteretal.2011,
  author    = {Poth, Sebastian and Monzon, Magaly and Tippk{\"o}tter, Nils and Ulber, Roland},
  title     = {Lignocellulosic biorefinery: Process integration of hydrolysis and fermentation (SSF process)},
  series = {Holzforschung},
  volume    = {65},
  journal   = {Holzforschung},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {De Gruyter},
  address   = {Berlin},
  pages     = {633 -- 637},
  year      = {2011},
  abstract  = {The aim of the present work is the process integration and the optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis of wood and the following fermentation of the products to ethanol. The substrate is a fiber fraction obtained by organosolv pre-treatment of beech wood. For the ethanol production, a co-fermentation by two different yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pachysolen tannophilus) was carried out to convert glucose as well as xylose. Two approaches has been followed: 1. A two step process, in which the hydrolysis of the fiber fraction and the fermentation to product are separated from each other. 2. A process, in which the hydrolysis and the fermentation are carried out in one single process step as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). Following the first approach, a yield of about 0.15 g ethanol per gram substrate can be reached. Based on the SSF, one process step can be saved, and additionally, the gained yield can be raised up to 0.3 g ethanol per gram substrate.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{StaatHeitzerYanetal.2000,
  author    = {Staat, Manfred and Heitzer, M. and Yan, Ai-Min and Khoi, Vu Duc and Nguyen, Dang Hung and Valdoire, F. and Lahousse, A.},
  title     = {Limit Analysis of Defects},
  publisher = {Forschungszentrum J{\"u}lich},
  address   = {J{\"u}lich},
  issn      = {0944-2952},
  pages     = {89 S.},
  year      = {2000},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StaatVu2012,
  author    = {Staat, Manfred and Vu, Duc Khoi},
  title     = {Limit analysis of flaws in pressurized pipes and cylindrical vessels Part II: Circumferential defects},
  series = {Engineering Fracture Mechanics ; 97(2013), H. 1},
  volume    = {97},
  journal   = {Engineering Fracture Mechanics ; 97(2013), H. 1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0013-7944},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.05.017},
  pages     = {314 -- 333},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Upper and lower bound theorems of limit analyses have been presented in part I of the paper. Part II starts with the finite element discretization of these theorems and demonstrates how both can be combined in a primal-dual optimization problem. This recently proposed numerical method is used to guide the development of a new class of closed-form limit loads for circumferential defects, which show that only large defects contribute to plastic collapse with a rapid loss of strength with increasing crack sizes. The formulae are compared with primal-dual FEM limit analyses and with burst tests. Even closer predictions are obtained with iterative limit load solutions for the von Mises yield function and for the Tresca yield function. Pressure loading of the faces of interior cracks in thick pipes reduces the collapse load of circumferential defects more than for axial flaws. Axial defects have been treated in part I of the paper.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StaatVu2007,
  author    = {Staat, Manfred and Vu, Duc-Khoi},
  title     = {Limit analysis of flaws in pressurized pipes and cylindrical vessels. Part I: Axial defects},
  series = {Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 74 (2007), H. 3},
  journal   = {Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 74 (2007), H. 3},
  isbn      = {0013-7944},
  pages     = {431 -- 450},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}