@article{HoffstadtPohenDickeetal.2020,
  author    = {Hoffstadt, Kevin and Pohen, Gino D. and Dicke, Max D. and Paulsen, Svea and Krafft, Simone and Zang, Joachim W. and Fonseca-Zang, Warde A. da and Leite, Athaydes and Kuperjans, Isabel},
  title     = {Challenges and prospects of biogas from energy cane as supplement to bioethanol production},
  series = {Agronomy},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Agronomy},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2073-4395},
  doi       = {10.3390/agronomy10060821},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Innovative breeds of sugar cane yield up to 2.5 times as much organic matter as conventional breeds, resulting in a great potential for biogas production. The use of biogas production as a complementary solution to conventional and second-generation ethanol production in Brazil may increase the energy produced per hectare in the sugarcane sector. Herein, it was demonstrated that through ensiling, energy cane can be conserved for six months; the stored cane can then be fed into a continuous biogas process. This approach is necessary to achieve year-round biogas production at an industrial scale. Batch tests revealed specific biogas potentials between 400 and 600 LN/kgVS for both the ensiled and non-ensiled energy cane, and the specific biogas potential of a continuous biogas process fed with ensiled energy cane was in the same range. Peak biogas losses through ensiling of up to 27\% after six months were observed. Finally, compared with second-generation ethanol production using energy cane, the results indicated that biogas production from energy cane may lead to higher energy yields per hectare, with an average energy yield of up to 162 MWh/ha. Finally, the Farm²CBG concept is introduced, showing an approach for decentralized biogas production.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VoegeleGrajewskiGovorukhaetal.2020,
  author    = {V{\"o}gele, Stefan and Grajewski, Matthias and Govorukha, Kristina and R{\"u}bbelke, Dirk},
  title     = {Challenges for the European steel industry: Analysis, possible consequences and impacts on sustainable development},
  series = {Applied Energy},
  volume    = {264},
  journal   = {Applied Energy},
  number    = {Article number: 114633},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0306-2619},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114633},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The steel industry in the European Union (EU), important for the economy as a whole, faces various challenges. These are inter alia volatile prices for relevant input factors, uncertainties concerning the regulation of CO₂-emissions and market shocks caused by the recently introduced additional import duties in the US, which is an important sales market. We examine primary and secondary effects of these challenges on the steel industry in the EU and their impacts on European and global level. Developing and using a suitable meta-model, we analyze the competitiveness of key steel producing countries with respect to floor prices depending on selected cost factors and draw conclusions on the impacts in the trade of steel on emissions, energy demand, on the involvement of developing countries in the value chain as well on the need for innovations to avoid relocations of production. Hence, our study contributes to the assessment of sustainable industrial development, which is aimed by the Sustainability Development Goal "Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation countries". By applying information on country-specific Human Development Indexes (reflecting aspects of life expectancy, education, and per capita income), we show that relocating energy-intensive industries from the EU may not only increase global energy demand and CO₂-emissions, but may also be to the disadvantage of developing countries.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{LuftGebhardtBalc2019,
  author    = {Luft, Angela and Gebhardt, Andreas and Balc, Nicolae},
  title     = {Challenges of additive manufacturing in production systems},
  series = {Modern technologies in manufacturing (MTeM 2019)},
  volume    = {299},
  booktitle = {Modern technologies in manufacturing (MTeM 2019)},
  number    = {Article 01003},
  doi       = {10.1051/matecconf/201929901003},
  pages     = {6 Seiten},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchollAachDesernoetal.2011,
  author    = {Scholl, Ingrid and Aach, Til and Deserno, Thomas M. and Kuhlen, Torsten},
  title     = {Challenges of medical image processing},
  series = {Computer Science - Research and Development},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {Computer Science - Research and Development},
  number    = {1-2},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {1865-2042},
  pages     = {5 -- 13},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PietschmannVahs1996,
  author    = {Pietschmann, Bernd P. and Vahs, Dietmar},
  title     = {Change Management - Wie Sie Ihr Unternehmen fit f{\"u}r die Zukunft machen. Teil 1: Erfolgsfaktoren von Ver{\"a}nderungsprozessen},
  series = {News / ASU ; BJU : von Unternehmern f{\"u}r Unternehmer. Ausgabe Baden-W{\"u}rttemberg. 13 (1996), H. 5},
  journal   = {News / ASU ; BJU : von Unternehmern f{\"u}r Unternehmer. Ausgabe Baden-W{\"u}rttemberg. 13 (1996), H. 5},
  pages     = {76 -- 79},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PietschmannVahs1996,
  author    = {Pietschmann, Bernd P. and Vahs, Dietmar},
  title     = {Change Management - Wie Sie Ihr Unternehmen fit f{\"u}r die Zukunft machen. Teil 2: Prozeßmanagement - Von starren Strukturen zu flexiblen Prozessen},
  series = {News / ASU ; BJU : von Unternehmern f{\"u}r Unternehmer. Ausgabe Baden-W{\"u}rttemberg. 13 (1996), H. 6},
  journal   = {News / ASU ; BJU : von Unternehmern f{\"u}r Unternehmer. Ausgabe Baden-W{\"u}rttemberg. 13 (1996), H. 6},
  pages     = {84 -- 86},
  year      = {1996},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NeumaierWeissVeldemanetal.2021,
  author    = {Neumaier, Felix and Weiss, Miriam and Veldeman, Michael and Kotliar, Konstantin and Wiesmann, Martin and Schulze-Steinen, Henna and H{\"o}llig, Anke and Clusmann, Hans and Schubert, Gerrit Alexander and Albanna, Walid},
  title     = {Changes in endogenous daytime melatonin levels after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage - preliminary findings from an observational cohort study},
  series = {Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery},
  volume    = {208},
  journal   = {Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery},
  number    = {Article No.: 106870},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0303-8467},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106870},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with early and delayed brain injury due to several underlying and interrelated processes, which include inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial, and neuronal apoptosis. Treatment with melatonin, a cytoprotective neurohormone with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, has been shown to attenuate early brain injury (EBI) and to prevent delayed cerebral vasospasm in experimental aSAH models. Less is known about the role of endogenous melatonin for aSAH outcome and how its production is altered by the pathophysiological cascades initiated during EBI. In the present observational study, we analyzed changes in melatonin levels during the first three weeks after aSAH.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WaldvogelFreylerHelmetal.2023,
  author    = {Waldvogel, Janice and Freyler, Kathrin and Helm, Michael and Monti, Elena and St{\"a}udle, Benjamin and Gollhofer, Albert and Narici, Marco V. and Ritzmann, Ramona and Albracht, Kirsten},
  title     = {Changes in gravity affect neuromuscular control, biomechanics, and muscle-tendon mechanics in energy storage and dissipation tasks},
  series = {Journal of Applied Physiology},
  volume    = {134},
  journal   = {Journal of Applied Physiology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {American Physiological Society},
  address   = {Bethesda, Md.},
  issn      = {1522-1601 (Onlineausgabe)},
  doi       = {10.1152/japplphysiol.00279.2022},
  pages     = {190 -- 202},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {This study evaluates neuromechanical control and muscle-tendon interaction during energy storage and dissipation tasks in hypergravity. During parabolic flights, while 17 subjects performed drop jumps (DJs) and drop landings (DLs), electromyography (EMG) of the lower limb muscles was combined with in vivo fascicle dynamics of the gastrocnemius medialis, two-dimensional (2D) kinematics, and kinetics to measure and analyze changes in energy management. Comparisons were made between movement modalities executed in hypergravity (1.8 G) and gravity on ground (1 G). In 1.8 G, ankle dorsiflexion, knee joint flexion, and vertical center of mass (COM) displacement are lower in DJs than in DLs; within each movement modality, joint flexion amplitudes and COM displacement demonstrate higher values in 1.8 G than in 1 G. Concomitantly, negative peak ankle joint power, vertical ground reaction forces, and leg stiffness are similar between both movement modalities (1.8 G). In DJs, EMG activity in 1.8 G is lower during the COM deceleration phase than in 1 G, thus impairing quasi-isometric fascicle behavior. In DLs, EMG activity before and during the COM deceleration phase is higher, and fascicles are stretched less in 1.8 G than in 1 G. Compared with the situation in 1 G, highly task-specific neuromuscular activity is diminished in 1.8 G, resulting in fascicle lengthening in both movement modalities. Specifically, in DJs, a high magnitude of neuromuscular activity is impaired, resulting in altered energy storage. In contrast, in DLs, linear stiffening of the system due to higher neuromuscular activity combined with lower fascicle stretch enhances the buffering function of the tendon, and thus the capacity to safely dissipate energy.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{DigelSadykovTemizArtmannetal.2015,
  author    = {Digel, Ilya and Sadykov, R. and Temiz Artmann, Ayseg{\"u}l and Artmann, Gerhard},
  title     = {Changes in intestinal microflora in rats induced by oral exposure to low lead (II) concentrations},
  series = {Lead Exposure and Poisoning: Clinical Symptoms, Medical Management and Preventive Strategies},
  booktitle = {Lead Exposure and Poisoning: Clinical Symptoms, Medical Management and Preventive Strategies},
  publisher = {Nova Science Publ.},
  isbn      = {9781634826990},
  pages     = {75 -- 99},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FeuchtSchoenbachLanzletal.2013,
  author    = {Feucht, Nikolaus and Sch{\"o}nbach, Etienne Michael and Lanzl, Ines and Kotliar, Konstantin and Lohmann, Chris Patrick and Maier, Mathias},
  title     = {Changes in the foveal microstructure after intravitreal bevacizumab application in patients with retinal vascular disease},
  series = {Clinical Ophthalmology},
  volume    = {7},
  journal   = {Clinical Ophthalmology},
  publisher = {Dove Medical Press},
  address   = {Auckland, New Zealand},
  issn      = {1177-5483},
  pages     = {173 -- 178},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HaegerWirgesTanzmannetal.2023,
  author    = {Haeger, Gerrit and Wirges, Jessika and Tanzmann, Nicole and Oyen, Sven and Jolmes, Tristan and Jaeger, Karl-Erich and Sch{\"o}rken, Ulrich and Bongaerts, Johannes and Siegert, Petra},
  title     = {Chaperone assisted recombinant expression of a mycobacterial aminoacylase in Vibrio natriegens and Escherichia coli capable of N-lauroyl-L-amino acid synthesis},
  series = {Microbial Cell Factories},
  journal   = {Microbial Cell Factories},
  number    = {22},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  issn      = {1475-2859},
  doi       = {10.1186/s12934-023-02079-1},
  pages     = {Article number: 77 (2023)},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Background Aminoacylases are highly promising enzymes for the green synthesis of acyl-amino acids, potentially replacing the environmentally harmful Schotten-Baumann reaction. Long-chain acyl-amino acids can serve as strong surfactants and emulsifiers, with application in cosmetic industries. Heterologous expression of these enzymes, however, is often hampered, limiting their use in industrial processes. Results We identified a novel mycobacterial aminoacylase gene from Mycolicibacterium smegmatis MKD 8, cloned and expressed it in Escherichia coli and Vibrio natriegens using the T7 overexpression system. The recombinant enzyme was prone to aggregate as inclusion bodies, and while V. natriegens Vmax™ could produce soluble aminoacylase upon induction with isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), E. coli BL21 (DE3) needed autoinduction with lactose to produce soluble recombinant protein. We successfully conducted a chaperone co-expression study in both organisms to further enhance aminoacylase production and found that overexpression of chaperones GroEL/S enhanced aminoacylase activity in the cell-free extract 1.8-fold in V. natriegens and E. coli. Eventually, E. coli ArcticExpress™ (DE3), which co-expresses cold-adapted chaperonins Cpn60/10 from Oleispira antarctica, cultivated at 12 °C, rendered the most suitable expression system for this aminoacylase and exhibited twice the aminoacylase activity in the cell-free extract compared to E. coli BL21 (DE3) with GroEL/S co-expression at 20 °C. The purified aminoacylase was characterized based on hydrolytic activities, being most stable and active at pH 7.0, with a maximum activity at 70 °C, and stability at 40 °C and pH 7.0 for 5 days. The aminoacylase strongly prefers short-chain acyl-amino acids with smaller, hydrophobic amino acid residues. Several long-chain amino acids were fairly accepted in hydrolysis as well, especially N-lauroyl-L-methionine. To initially evaluate the relevance of this aminoacylase for the synthesis of N-acyl-amino acids, we demonstrated that lauroyl-methionine can be synthesized from lauric acid and methionine in an aqueous system. Conclusion Our results suggest that the recombinant enzyme is well suited for synthesis reactions and will thus be further investigated.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hanrath1989,
  author    = {Hanrath, Wilhelm},
  title     = {Character tables of some factor groups of space groups},
  series = {Perfect groups / Derek F. Holt and W. Plesken},
  journal   = {Perfect groups / Derek F. Holt and W. Plesken},
  publisher = {Clarendon Press},
  address   = {Oxford},
  isbn      = {0-19-853559-7},
  pages     = {357 -- 359},
  year      = {1989},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchwarzerSilva2008,
  author    = {Schwarzer, Klemens and Silva, Maria Eugenia Vieira da},
  title     = {Characterisation and design methods of solar cookers / Schwarzer, Klemens ; Silva, Maria Eugenia Vieira da},
  series = {Solar energy. 82 (2008), H. 2},
  journal   = {Solar energy. 82 (2008), H. 2},
  isbn      = {0038-092X},
  pages     = {157 -- 163},
  year      = {2008},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ReisertGeisslerFloerkeetal.2012,
  author    = {Reisert, Steffen and Geissler, H. and Fl{\"o}rke, R. and Weiler, C. and Wagner, P. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Characterisation of aseptic sterilisation processes using an electronic nose},
  series = {Nanoscale Science and Technology (NS\&T´12) : Proceedings Book Humboldt Kolleg ; Tunisia, 17-19 March, 2012},
  booktitle = {Nanoscale Science and Technology (NS\&T´12) : Proceedings Book Humboldt Kolleg ; Tunisia, 17-19 March, 2012},
  editor    = {Abdelghani, Adnane and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  pages     = {45 -- 45},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReisertGeisslerFloerkeetal.2013,
  author    = {Reisert, Steffen and Geissler, Hanno and Fl{\"o}rke, Rudolf and Weiler, Christian and Wagner, Patrick and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Characterisation of aseptic sterilisation processes using an electronic nose},
  series = {International journal of nanotechnology},
  volume    = {Vol. 10},
  journal   = {International journal of nanotechnology},
  number    = {No. 5-7},
  publisher = {Inderscience Enterprises},
  address   = {Gen{\`e}ve},
  issn      = {1475-7435 (Print) 7141-8151 (Online)},
  pages     = {470 -- 484},
  year      = {2013},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AbouzarPoghossianRazavietal.2009,
  author    = {Abouzar, Maryam H. and Poghossian, Arshak and Razavi, A. and Williams, O. A. and Bijnens, N. and Wagner, P. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Characterisation of capacitive field-effect sensors with a nanocrystalline-diamond film as transducer material for multi-parameter sensing},
  series = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 24 (2009), H. 5},
  journal   = {Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 24 (2009), H. 5},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {0956-5663},
  pages     = {1298 -- 1304},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KirchnerReisertPuetzetal.2012,
  author    = {Kirchner, Patrick and Reisert, Steffen and P{\"u}tz, Patrick and Keusgen, Michael and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Characterisation of polymeric materials as passivation layer for calorimetric H2O2 gas sensors},
  series = {Physica Status Solidi (a)},
  volume    = {209},
  journal   = {Physica Status Solidi (a)},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1862-6319},
  doi       = {10.1002/pssa.201100773},
  pages     = {859 -- 863},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Calorimetric gas sensors for monitoring the H₂O₂ concentration at elevated temperatures in industrial sterilisation processes have been presented in previous works. These sensors are built up in form of a differential set-up of a catalytically active and passive temperature-sensitive structure. Although, various types of catalytically active dispersions have been studied, the passivation layer has to be established and therefore, chemically as well as physically characterised. In the present work, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoralkoxy (PFA) and epoxy-based SU-8 photoresist as temperature-stable polymeric materials have been investigated for sensor passivation in terms of their chemical inertness against H₂O₂, their hygroscopic properties as well as their morphology. The polymeric materials were deposited via spin-coating on the temperature-sensitive structure, wherein spin-coated FEP and PFA show slight agglomerates. However, they possess a low absorption of humidity due to their hydrophobic surface, whereas the SU-8 layer has a closed surface but shows a slightly higher absorption of water. All of them were inert against gaseous H₂O₂ during the characterisation in H₂O₂ atmosphere that demonstrates their suitability as passivation layer for calorimetric H₂O₂ gas sensors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchrothLuethHummeletal.2001,
  author    = {Schroth, P. and L{\"u}th, H. and Hummel, Hans E. and Sch{\"u}tz, S. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Characterising an insect antenna as a receptor for a biosensor by means of impedance spectroscopy},
  series = {Scaling down in electrochemistry : electrochemical micro- and nanosystem technology ; proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Electrochemical Microsystem Technologies, Garmisch-Patenkirchen, Germany, 11 - 15 September 2000 / ed. by J. W. Schultz},
  journal   = {Scaling down in electrochemistry : electrochemical micro- and nanosystem technology ; proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Electrochemical Microsystem Technologies, Garmisch-Patenkirchen, Germany, 11 - 15 September 2000 / ed. by J. W. Schultz},
  publisher = {Elsevier [u.a.]},
  address   = {Amsterdam [u.a.]},
  isbn      = {0-08-044014-2},
  pages     = {293 -- 297},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{GottschalkJanzRennings1998,
  author    = {Gottschalk, Sandra and Janz, Norbert and Rennings, Klaus},
  title     = {Characteristics and Performance of Eco-Innovative Firms in the German Service Sector},
  pages     = {mimeo},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Lassonczyk1990,
  author    = {Lassonczyk, Beate},
  title     = {Characteristics of a fossil soil developed on the basement complex in the northeast Somalia},
  series = {Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen / Reihe A, Geologie und Pal{\"a}ontologie / hrsg. von d. Geowissenschaftlichen Instituten der Freien u. d. Technischen Universit{\"a}t Berlin. 120 A (1990)},
  journal   = {Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen / Reihe A, Geologie und Pal{\"a}ontologie / hrsg. von d. Geowissenschaftlichen Instituten der Freien u. d. Technischen Universit{\"a}t Berlin. 120 A (1990)},
  isbn      = {0172-8784},
  pages     = {713 -- 718},
  year      = {1990},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HelsperMoelter1991,
  author    = {Helsper, Christoph and M{\"o}lter, W.},
  title     = {Characteristics of a Nebulizer with Cyclone Preseparator / M{\"o}lter, W. ; Helsper, C.},
  series = {Aerosols, their generation, behaviour and applications. Annual Conference of the Aerosol Society / Aerosol Society (UK) ; 5.},
  journal   = {Aerosols, their generation, behaviour and applications. Annual Conference of the Aerosol Society / Aerosol Society (UK) ; 5.},
  address   = {Loughborough},
  pages     = {89 -- 94},
  year      = {1991},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{OertelBung2012,
  author    = {Oertel, Mario and Bung, Daniel B.},
  title     = {Characteristics of cross-bar block ramp flows},
  series = {Hydraulic structures into the 21st century : 4th IAHR International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures : 9.-11.2.2012, Porto},
  booktitle = {Hydraulic structures into the 21st century : 4th IAHR International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures : 9.-11.2.2012, Porto},
  organization    = {International Symposium on Hydraulic Structures <4, 2012, Porto>},
  isbn      = {978-989-8509-01-7},
  pages     = {Elektronisch publiziert},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RothMoehringTippkoetter2016,
  author    = {Roth, J. and M{\"o}hring, S. and Tippk{\"o}tter, Nils},
  title     = {Characterization and evaluation of lignocellulosic biomass 130 hydrolysates for ABE fermentation},
  series = {New frontiers of biotech-processes (Himmelfahrtstagung) : 02-04 May 2016, Rhein-Mosel-Halle, Koblenz/Germany},
  booktitle = {New frontiers of biotech-processes (Himmelfahrtstagung) : 02-04 May 2016, Rhein-Mosel-Halle, Koblenz/Germany},
  publisher = {DECHEMA},
  address   = {Frankfurt am Main},
  pages     = {130},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MukherjeePrahlBlecketal.2010,
  author    = {Mukherjee, Krishnendu and Prahl, Ulrich and Bleck, Wolfgang and Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Abdurakhmanov, Aydemir},
  title     = {Characterization and modelling techniques for gas metal arc welding of DP 600 sheet steels},
  series = {Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1521-4052},
  doi       = {10.1002/mawe.201000692},
  pages     = {972 -- 983},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {The objectives of the present work are to characterize the Gas Metal Arc Welding process of DP 600 sheet steel and to summarize the modelling techniques. The time-temperature evolution during the welding cycle was measured experimentally and modelled with the softwaretool SimWeld. To model the phase transformations during the welding cycle dilatometer tests were done to quantify the parameters for phase field modelling by MICRESS®. The important input parameters are interface mobility, nucleation density, etc. A contribution was made to include austenite to bainite transformation in MICRESS®. This is useful to predict the microstructure in the fast cooling segments. The phase transformation model is capable to predict the microstructure along the heating and cooling cycles of welding. Tensile tests have shown the evidence of failure at the heat affected zone, which has the ferrite-tempered martensite microstructure.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HoltrupSadeghfamHeuermannetal.2014,
  author    = {Holtrup, S. and Sadeghfam, Arash and Heuermann, Holger and Awakowicz, P.},
  title     = {Characterization and optimization technique for microwave-driven high-intensity discharge lamps using hot S-parameters},
  series = {IEEE transactions on microwave theories and techniques},
  volume    = {62},
  journal   = {IEEE transactions on microwave theories and techniques},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York},
  issn      = {0018-9480},
  doi       = {10.1109/TMTT.2014.2342652},
  pages     = {2471 -- 2480},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {High-intensity discharge lamps can be driven by radio-frequency signals in the ISM frequency band at 2.45 GHz, using a matching network to transform the impedance of the plasma to the source impedance. To achieve an optimal operating condition, a good characterization of the lamp in terms of radio frequency equivalent circuits under operating conditions is necessary, enabling the design of an efficient matching network. This paper presents the characterization technique for such lamps and presents the design of the required matching network. For the characterization, a high-intensity discharge lamp was driven by a monofrequent large signal at 2.45 GHz, whereas a frequency sweep over 300 MHz was performed across this signal to measure so-called small-signal hot S-parameters using a vector network analyzer. These parameters are then used as an equivalent load in a circuit simulator to design an appropriate matching network. Using the measured data as a black-box model in the simulation results in a quick and efficient method to simulate and design efficient matching networks in spite of the complex plasma behavior. Furthermore, photometric analysis of high-intensity discharge lamps are carried out, comparing microwave operation to conventional operation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SelmerKimDarleyetal.2006,
  author    = {Selmer, Thorsten and Kim, Jihoe and Darley, Daniel and Buckel, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Characterization of (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase and a family III coenzyme A transferase involved in reduction of L-leucine to isocaproate by Clostridium difficile / Kim, J. ; Darley, D. ; Selmer, T. ; Buckel, W.},
  series = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 72 (2006), H. 9},
  journal   = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 72 (2006), H. 9},
  isbn      = {0099-2240},
  pages     = {6062 -- 6069},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JossekBongaertsSprenger2001,
  author    = {Jossek, Ralf and Bongaerts, Johannes and Sprenger, Georg A.},
  title     = {Characterization of a new feedback-resistant 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase AroF of Escherichia coli},
  series = {FEMS microbiology letters},
  volume    = {Vol. 202},
  journal   = {FEMS microbiology letters},
  number    = {Iss. 1},
  issn      = {1574-6968},
  pages     = {145 -- 148},
  year      = {2001},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchusserPoghossianBaeckeretal.2012,
  author    = {Schusser, Sebastian and Poghossian, Arshak and B{\"a}cker, Matthias and Leinhos, Marcel and Wagner, Patrick and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Characterization of biodegradable polymers with capacitive field-effect sensors},
  series = {Sensors and actuators B: Chemical},
  volume    = {187},
  journal   = {Sensors and actuators B: Chemical},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0925-4005},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.snb.2012.07.099},
  pages     = {2 -- 7},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {In vitro studies of the degradation kinetic of biopolymers are essential for the design and optimization of implantable biomedical devices. In the presented work, a field-effect capacitive sensor has been applied for the real-time and in situ monitoring of degradation processes of biopolymers for the first time. The polymer-covered field-effect sensor is, in principle, capable to detect any changes in bulk, surface and interface properties of the polymer induced by degradation processes. The feasibility of this approach has been experimentally proven by using the commercially available biomedical polymer poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) as a model system. PDLLA films of different thicknesses were deposited on the Ta₂O₅-gate surface of the field-effect structure from a polymer solution by means of spin-coating method. The polymer-modified field-effect sensors have been characterized by means of capacitance-voltage and impedance-spectroscopy method. The degradation of the PDLLA was accelerated by changing the degradation medium from neutral (pH 7.2) to alkaline (pH 9) condition, resulting in drastic changes in the capacitance and impedance spectra of the polymer-modified field-effect sensor.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MukherjeeRamazaniYangetal.2011,
  author    = {Mukherjee, Krishnendu and Ramazani, Ali and Yang, Li and Prahl, Ulrich and Bleck, Wolfgang and Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Abdurakhmanov, Aydemir},
  title     = {Characterization of gas metal arc welded hot rolled DP600 steel},
  series = {Steel research international},
  volume    = {Vol. 82},
  journal   = {Steel research international},
  number    = {Iss. 12},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1869-344X (E-Book); 1611-3683 (Print)},
  pages     = {1408 -- 1416},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FoersterMorvicBetkoetal.1999,
  author    = {F{\"o}rster, Arnold and Morvic, M. and Betko, J. and Novak, J.},
  title     = {Characterization of low-temperature GaAs by conductivity, Hall effect and magnetoresistance measurements. Morvic, M., Betko, J.; Novak, J.; F{\"o}rster, A.; Kordos, P.},
  series = {2nd Symposium on Non-Stoichiometric III-V Compounds : [4th - 6th October 1999, Erlangen] / [ed. by T. Marek ...] Friedrich-Alexander-Universit{\"a}t Erlangen-N{\"u}rnberg},
  journal   = {2nd Symposium on Non-Stoichiometric III-V Compounds : [4th - 6th October 1999, Erlangen] / [ed. by T. Marek ...] Friedrich-Alexander-Universit{\"a}t Erlangen-N{\"u}rnberg},
  publisher = {Lehrstuhl f{\"u}r Mikrocharakterisierung},
  address   = {Erlangen},
  isbn      = {3-932392-19-1},
  pages     = {79 -- 85},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FoersterNovakKuceraetal.1997,
  author    = {F{\"o}rster, Arnold and Novak, J. and Kucera, M. and Morvic, M.},
  title     = {Characterization of low-temperature GaAs by galvanomagnetic an photoluminescence measurements / J. Nov{\´a}k ; M. Kucera ; M. Morvic ... A. F{\"o}rster ...},
  series = {Materials science and engineering B: Solid\&\#150; state materials for advanced technology. 44 (1997), H. 1-3},
  journal   = {Materials science and engineering B: Solid\&\#150; state materials for advanced technology. 44 (1997), H. 1-3},
  isbn      = {0921-5107},
  pages     = {341 -- 344},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BiselliRechmannFriedrichetal.2007,
  author    = {Biselli, Manfred and Rechmann, Hanrik and Friedrich, Andrea and Forouzan, Dara},
  title     = {Characterization of photosynthetically active duckweed ( Wolffia australiana ) in vitro culture by Respiration Activity Monitoring System (RAMOS) / Henrik Rechmann, Andrea Friedrich, Dara Forouzan, Stefan Barth, Heide Schnabl, Manfred Biselli und Robert B},
  series = {Biotechnology Letters. 29 (2007), H. 6},
  journal   = {Biotechnology Letters. 29 (2007), H. 6},
  isbn      = {0141-5492},
  pages     = {971 -- 977},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchaeferWorschechOssauetal.1997,
  author    = {Sch{\"a}fer, Horst and Worschech, L. and Ossau, W. and Fischer, C.},
  title     = {Characterization of structural defects in MBE grown ZnSe},
  series = {Materials Science and Engineering B. 43 (1997), H. 1-3},
  journal   = {Materials Science and Engineering B. 43 (1997), H. 1-3},
  isbn      = {0921-5107},
  pages     = {29 -- 32},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Beckmann2019,
  author    = {Beckmann, Nils},
  title     = {Characterization of the hydrogen-dry-low-Nox-micromix-combustion-principle for hydrogen-methane fuel mixtures},
  publisher = {RMIT University},
  address   = {Melbourne},
  pages     = {XV, 160 Seiten},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WeberTellisDuhovic2016,
  author    = {Weber, Tobias and Tellis, Jane J. and Duhovic, Miro},
  title     = {Characterization of tool-part-interaction an interlaminar friction for manufacturing process simulation},
  series = {ECCM 17, 17th European Conference on Composite Materials, M{\"u}nchen, DE, Jun 26-30, 2016},
  booktitle = {ECCM 17, 17th European Conference on Composite Materials, M{\"u}nchen, DE, Jun 26-30, 2016},
  isbn      = {978-3-00-053387-7},
  pages     = {1 -- 7},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{WardoyoNoorElbersetal.2020,
  author    = {Wardoyo, Arinto Y.P. and Noor, Johan A.E. and Elbers, Gereon and Schmitz, Sandra and Flaig, Sascha T. and Budianto, Arif},
  title     = {Characterizing volcanic ash elements from the 2015 eruptions of bromo and raung volcanoes, Indonesia},
  series = {Polish Journal of Environmental Studies},
  volume    = {29},
  journal   = {Polish Journal of Environmental Studies},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {HARD},
  address   = {Olsztyn},
  issn      = {2083-5906},
  doi       = {10.15244/pjoes/99101},
  pages     = {1899 -- 1907},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The volcanic eruptions of Mt. Bromo and Mt. Raung in East Java, Indonesia, in 2015 perturbed volcanic materials and affected surface-layer air quality at surrounding locations. During the episodes, the volcanic ash from the eruptions influenced visibility, traffic accidents, flight schedules, and human health. In this research, the volcanic ash particles were collected and characterized by relying on the detail of physical observation. We performed an assessment of the volcanic ash elements to characterize the volcanic ash using two different methods which are aqua regia extracts followed by MP-AES and XRF laboratory test of bulk samples. The analysis results showed that the volcanic ash was mixed of many materials, such as Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, and others. Fe, Si, Ca, and Al were found as the major elements, while the others were the trace elements Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn, P, Mn, Ni, Zn, Sb, Sr, and V with the minor concentrations. XRF analyses showed that Fe dominated the elements of the volcanic ash. The XRF analysis showed that Fe was at 35.40\% in Bromo and 43.00\% in Raung of the detected elements in bulk material. The results of aqua regia extracts analyzed by MP-AES were 1.80\% and 1.70\% of Fe element for Bromo and Raung volcanoes, respectively.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hillen1982,
  author    = {Hillen, Walter},
  title     = {Charge asymmetry and weak interaction effects in e+e\&\#8722;\&\#8594;\&\#956;+\&\#956;\&\#8722; and e+e\&\#8722;\&\#8594;\&\#964;+\&\#964;\&\#8722; . TASSO Collaboration},
  series = {Physics Letters B. 110 (1982), H. 2},
  journal   = {Physics Letters B. 110 (1982), H. 2},
  isbn      = {0370-2693},
  pages     = {173 -- 180},
  year      = {1982},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HelsperLuetkemeierWiedensohler1986,
  author    = {Helsper, Christoph and L{\"u}tkemeier, E. and Wiedensohler, A.},
  title     = {Charge Distribution by Unipolar Charging of Small Aerosol Particles / L{\"u}tkemeier, E. ; Helsper, C. ; Wiedensohler, A.},
  series = {Aerosols : formation and reactivity ; proceedings of the second International Aerosol Conference, 22-26 Sept. 1986, Berlin (West) / Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Aerosolforschung (GAeF) ; American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR)},
  journal   = {Aerosols : formation and reactivity ; proceedings of the second International Aerosol Conference, 22-26 Sept. 1986, Berlin (West) / Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Aerosolforschung (GAeF) ; American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR)},
  publisher = {Pergamon Press},
  address   = {Oxford [u.a.]},
  pages     = {474 -- 478},
  year      = {1986},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BuxbaumSchwarteXuetal.1999,
  author    = {Buxbaum, Bernd and Schwarte, Rudolf and Xu, Zhanping and Ringbeck, Thorsten and [u.a.],},
  title     = {Charge Transfer Simulation in PMD-Structures},
  series = {Sensor 99 : proceedings / 9th Int'l Fair and Conference for Sensors, Transducers \& Systems, May 18 - 20, 1999, Exhibition Centre N{\"u}rnberg/Germany. - Vol. 2},
  booktitle = {Sensor 99 : proceedings / 9th Int'l Fair and Conference for Sensors, Transducers \& Systems, May 18 - 20, 1999, Exhibition Centre N{\"u}rnberg/Germany. - Vol. 2},
  publisher = {AMA Service GmbH},
  address   = {Wunsdorf},
  pages     = {427 -- 432},
  year      = {1999},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FoersterLachenmannFriedrich1997,
  author    = {F{\"o}rster, Arnold and Lachenmann, S. G. and Friedrich, I.},
  title     = {Charge transport in superconductor/semiconductor/normal-conductor step junctions / S. G. Lachenmann ; I. Friedrich ; A. F{\"o}rster ...},
  series = {Physical review / B, Condensed matter and materials physics. 56 (1997), H. 21},
  journal   = {Physical review / B, Condensed matter and materials physics. 56 (1997), H. 21},
  isbn      = {1095-3795},
  pages     = {14108 -- 14115},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hillen1982,
  author    = {Hillen, Walter},
  title     = {Charged pion production in e--e+ annihilation at 14, 22 and 34 GeV c.m. energies. TASSO Collaboration},
  series = {Physics Letters B. 113 (1982), H. 1},
  journal   = {Physics Letters B. 113 (1982), H. 1},
  isbn      = {0370-2693},
  pages     = {98 -- 104},
  year      = {1982},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Hillen1980,
  author    = {Hillen, Walter},
  title     = {Charged pion, kaon, proton and antiproton production in high energy e+e\&\#8722; annihilations. TASSO Collaboration},
  series = {Physics Letters B. 94 (1980), H. 3},
  journal   = {Physics Letters B. 94 (1980), H. 3},
  isbn      = {0370-2693},
  pages     = {444 -- 449},
  year      = {1980},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Jochim2002,
  author    = {Jochim, Haldor E.},
  title     = {Charging rail operators for delays - how not to do it},
  series = {Networks for mobility : International Symposium, September 18 - 20, 2002, Stuttgart, Germany ; proceedings / University of Stuttgart, Centre of Transporation Research (FOVUS). W. M{\"o}hlenbrink ... (eds.)},
  journal   = {Networks for mobility : International Symposium, September 18 - 20, 2002, Stuttgart, Germany ; proceedings / University of Stuttgart, Centre of Transporation Research (FOVUS). W. M{\"o}hlenbrink ... (eds.)},
  publisher = {FOVUS},
  address   = {Stuttgart},
  isbn      = {3893010858},
  year      = {2002},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PoghossianSchoening2007,
  author    = {Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Chemical and biological field-effect sensors for liquids - a status report},
  series = {Handbook of biosensors and biochips / ed. Robert S. Marks ... Bd. 1},
  journal   = {Handbook of biosensors and biochips / ed. Robert S. Marks ... Bd. 1},
  publisher = {Wiley},
  address   = {Chichester},
  isbn      = {978-0-470-01905-4},
  pages     = {395 -- 412},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BaumannJahnke1983,
  author    = {Baumann, Marcus and Jahnke, J.},
  title     = {Chemical and Physical Effects on the Shape and Growth of the Diatom Biddulphia sinensis GREVILLE in Batch Cultures: A Contribution to Bioindication in Plankton Ecology / Jahnke, J. ; Baumann, M.},
  series = {Hydrobiological Bulletin . 17 (1983), H. 1},
  journal   = {Hydrobiological Bulletin . 17 (1983), H. 1},
  isbn      = {0165-1404},
  pages     = {5 -- 20},
  year      = {1983},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HoeflerKneerGrossetal.2015,
  author    = {H{\"o}fler, M. and Kneer, R. and Groß, Rolf Fritz and Kehrmann, K.},
  title     = {Chemical determination of oxygen transfer rates, transfer efficiencies and interphases evoked by aeration elements for liquid flows},
  series = {Computational Methods in Multiphase Flow VIII. - (WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences ; Volume 89)},
  booktitle = {Computational Methods in Multiphase Flow VIII. - (WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences ; Volume 89)},
  editor    = {Vorobieff, P.},
  publisher = {WIT Press},
  address   = {Southampton},
  isbn      = {978-1-84564-946-3 (Print-Ausgabe)},
  issn      = {1746-4471},
  pages     = {89 -- 101},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{MufflerTippkoetterUlber2010,
  author    = {Muffler, Kai and Tippk{\"o}tter, Nils and Ulber, Roland},
  title     = {Chemical feedstocks and fine chemicals from other substrates},
  series = {Handbook of hydrocarbon and lipid microbiology. Volume 4: Consequences of microbial interactions with hydrocarbons, oils and lipids. - (Springer reference)},
  booktitle = {Handbook of hydrocarbon and lipid microbiology. Volume 4: Consequences of microbial interactions with hydrocarbons, oils and lipids. - (Springer reference)},
  editor    = {Timmis, Kenneth N.},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin [u.a.]},
  isbn      = {978-3-540-77588-1},
  doi       = {10.1007\%2F978-3-540-77587-4_214},
  pages     = {2891 -- 2902},
  year      = {2010},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MiyamotoKuwabaraKanohetal.2009,
  author    = {Miyamoto, K. and Kuwabara, Yohei and Kanoh, Shin'ichiro and Yoshinobu, Tatsuo and Wagner, Torsten and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Chemical image scanner based on FDM-LAPS},
  series = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 137 (2009), H. 2},
  journal   = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 137 (2009), H. 2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {0925-4005},
  pages     = {533 -- 538},
  year      = {2009},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MiyamotoIchimuraWagneretal.2012,
  author    = {Miyamoto, K. and Ichimura, H. and Wagner, Torsten and Yoshinobu, T. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Chemical Imaging of ion Diffusion in a Microfluidic Channel},
  series = {Procedia Engineering},
  journal   = {Procedia Engineering},
  number    = {47},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1877-7058},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.proeng.2012.09.289},
  pages     = {886 -- 889},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The chemical imaging sensor is a chemical sensor which is capable of visualizing the spatial distribution of chemical species in sample solution. In this study, a novel measurement system based on the chemical imaging sensor was developed to observe the inside of a Y-shaped microfluidic channel while injecting two sample solutions from two branches. From the collected chemical images, it was clearly observed that the injected solutions formed laminar flows in the microfluidic channel. In addition, ion diffusion across the laminar flows was observed. This label-free method can acquire quantitative data of ion distribution and diffusion in microfluidic devices, which can be used to determine the diffusion coefficients, and therefore, the molecular weights of chemical species in the sample solution.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MiyamotoIchimuraWagneretal.2013,
  author    = {Miyamoto, Ko-ichiro and Ichimura, Hiroki and Wagner, Torsten and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Yoshinobu, Tatsuo},
  title     = {Chemical imaging of the concentration profile of ion diffusion in a microfluidic channel},
  series = {Sensors and actuators. B: Chemical},
  volume    = {189},
  journal   = {Sensors and actuators. B: Chemical},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1873-3077 (E-Journal); 0925-4005 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.snb.2013.04.057},
  pages     = {240 -- 245},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {The chemical imaging sensor is a device to visualize the spatial distribution of chemical species based on the principle of LAPS (light-addressable potentiometric sensor), which is a field-effect chemical sensor based on semiconductor. In this study, the chemical imaging sensor has been applied to investigate the ion profile of laminar flows in a microfluidic channel. The chemical images (pH maps) were collected in a Y-shaped microfluidic channel while injecting HCl and NaCl solutions into two branches. From the chemical images, it was clearly observed that the injected solutions formed laminar flows in the channel. In addition, ion diffusion across the laminar flows was observed, and the diffusion coefficient could be derived by fitting the pH profiles to the Fick's equation.},
  language  = {en}
}