@article{NeuJanserKhatibietal.2016,
  author    = {Neu, Eugen and Janser, Frank and Khatibi, Akbar A. and Orifici, Adrian C.},
  title     = {Automated modal parameter-based anomaly detection under varying wind excitation},
  series = {Structural Health Monitoring},
  volume    = {15},
  journal   = {Structural Health Monitoring},
  number    = {6},
  publisher = {Sage},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1475-9217},
  doi       = {10.1177/1475921716665803},
  pages     = {1 -- 20},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Wind-induced operational variability is one of the major challenges for structural health monitoring of slender engineering structures like aircraft wings or wind turbine blades. Damage sensitive features often show an even bigger sensitivity to operational variability. In this study a composite cantilever was subjected to multiple mass configurations, velocities and angles of attack in a controlled wind tunnel environment. A small-scale impact damage was introduced to the specimen and the structural response measurements were repeated. The proposed damage detection methodology is based on automated operational modal analysis. A novel baseline preparation procedure is described that reduces the amount of user interaction to the provision of a single consistency threshold. The procedure starts with an indeterminate number of operational modal analysis identifications from a large number of datasets and returns a complete baseline matrix of natural frequencies and damping ratios that is suitable for subsequent anomaly detection. Mahalanobis distance-based anomaly detection is then applied to successfully detect the damage under varying severities of operational variability and with various degrees of knowledge about the present operational conditions. The damage detection capabilities of the proposed methodology were found to be excellent under varying velocities and angles of attack. Damage detection was less successful under joint mass and wind variability but could be significantly improved through the provision of the currently encountered operational conditions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchmitzOligschlaegerEifleretal.1994,
  author    = {Schmitz, G{\"u}nter and Oligschl{\"a}ger, U. and Eifler, G. and Lechner, H.},
  title     = {Automated System for Optimized Calibration of Engine Management Systems},
  year      = {1994},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Polaczek1995,
  author    = {Polaczek, Christa},
  title     = {Automatische 3-dimensionale FEM-Netzgenerierung f{\"u}r die Formf{\"u}ll- und Erstarrungssimulation. - (Fortschrittberichte VDI : Reihe 20, Rechnerunterst{\"u}tzte Verfahren ; 182)},
  number    = {Als Ms. gedr.},
  publisher = {VDI-Verl.},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  isbn      = {3-18-318220-3},
  pages     = {VII, 131 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
  year      = {1995},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{LaarmannThomaMischetal.2023,
  author    = {Laarmann, Lukas and Thoma, Andreas and Misch, Philipp and R{\"o}th, Thilo and Braun, Carsten and Watkins, Simon and Fard, Mohammad},
  title     = {Automotive safety approach for future eVTOL vehicles},
  series = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal},
  journal   = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  issn      = {1869-5590 (Online)},
  doi       = {10.1007/s13272-023-00655-0},
  pages     = {11 Seiten},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {The eVTOL industry is a rapidly growing mass market expected to start in 2024. eVTOL compete, caused by their predicted missions, with ground-based transportation modes, including mainly passenger cars. Therefore, the automotive and classical aircraft design process is reviewed and compared to highlight advantages for eVTOL development. A special focus is on ergonomic comfort and safety. The need for further investigation of eVTOL's crashworthiness is outlined by, first, specifying the relevance of passive safety via accident statistics and customer perception analysis; second, comparing the current state of regulation and certification; and third, discussing the advantages of integral safety and applying the automotive safety approach for eVTOL development. Integral safety links active and passive safety, while the automotive safety approach means implementing standardized mandatory full-vehicle crash tests for future eVTOL. Subsequently, possible crash impact conditions are analyzed, and three full-vehicle crash load cases are presented.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ChristenBarteltKowalski2010,
  author    = {Christen, Marc and Bartelt, Perry and Kowalski, Julia},
  title     = {Back calculation of the In den Arelen avalanche with RAMMS: Interpretation of model results},
  series = {Annals of Glaciology},
  volume    = {51},
  journal   = {Annals of Glaciology},
  number    = {54},
  publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
  address   = {Cambridge},
  isbn      = {1727-5644},
  doi       = {10.3189/172756410791386553},
  pages     = {161 -- 168},
  year      = {2010},
  abstract  = {Two- and three-dimensional avalanche dynamics models are being increasingly used in hazard-mitigation studies. These models can provide improved and more accurate results for hazard mapping than the simple one-dimensional models presently used in practice. However, two- and three-dimensional models generate an extensive amount of output data, making the interpretation of simulation results more difficult. To perform a simulation in three-dimensional terrain, numerical models require a digital elevation model, specification of avalanche release areas (spatial extent and volume), selection of solution methods, finding an adequate calculation resolution and, finally, the choice of friction parameters. In this paper, the importance and difficulty of correctly setting up and analysing the results of a numerical avalanche dynamics simulation is discussed. We apply the two-dimensional simulation program RAMMS to the 1968 extreme avalanche event In den Arelen. We show the effect of model input variations on simulation results and the dangers and complexities in their interpretation.},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Wahle1985,
  author    = {Wahle, Michael},
  title     = {Beitrag zur passiven Kontrolle schwach ged{\"a}mpfter elastischer Strukturen mittels dynamischer Schwingungsd{\"a}mpfer},
  pages     = {XIV, 305 S. : Ill., zahlr. graph. Darst.},
  year      = {1985},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GerhardtKramer1984,
  author    = {Gerhardt, Hans Joachim and Kramer, C.},
  title     = {Belastung von RA bei Windangriff},
  series = {Zentralblatt fuer Industriebau. 30 (1984), H. 3},
  journal   = {Zentralblatt fuer Industriebau. 30 (1984), H. 3},
  isbn      = {0044-4227},
  pages     = {214 -- 217},
  year      = {1984},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Gerhardt1986,
  author    = {Gerhardt, Hans Joachim},
  title     = {Belastung von Rauchabzugsgeraeten bei Windangriff},
  series = {Sanitaer- und Heizungstechnik. 51 (1986), H. 3},
  journal   = {Sanitaer- und Heizungstechnik. 51 (1986), H. 3},
  isbn      = {0036-4401},
  pages     = {150 -- 152},
  year      = {1986},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{PeekenRosenkranzSchelenz1991,
  author    = {Peeken, Heinz and Rosenkranz, Josef and Schelenz, R.},
  title     = {Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Einflusses der Gleitlagergeh{\"a}usesteifigkeit auf das dynamische Verhalten von Rotoren},
  series = {Antriebstechnik : Organ der Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik e.V.},
  volume    = {30},
  journal   = {Antriebstechnik : Organ der Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik e.V.},
  number    = {9},
  issn      = {0341-2652},
  pages     = {71 -- 75},
  year      = {1991},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{Rosenkranz1989,
  author    = {Rosenkranz, Josef},
  title     = {Ber{\"u}cksichtigung des Einflusses von Gleitlagergeh{\"a}usen auf das dynamische Verhalten von Rotoren : Abschlußbericht : Forschungsvorhaben Nr. 128 "Gleitlagergeh{\"a}usesteifigkeit" ; Berichtszeitraum 1985-1988. - (Forschungsheft / Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik e.V. ; 303)},
  publisher = {FVA},
  address   = {Frankfurt am Main},
  pages     = {70 S : Ill., graph. Darst},
  year      = {1989},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Ley1982,
  author    = {Ley, Wilfried},
  title     = {Bewertung von Solarkollektormessungen unter natuerlichen und simulierten Bedingungen},
  publisher = {Inst. f. Raumsimulation},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  pages     = {190 Seiten, 133 Bilder, 19 Tabellen, 43 Quellen},
  year      = {1982},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BlomePriester1991,
  author    = {Blome, Hans-Joachim and Priester, W.},
  title     = {Big Bounce in the very early Universe},
  series = {Astronomy and Astrophysics. 250 (1991), H. 1},
  journal   = {Astronomy and Astrophysics. 250 (1991), H. 1},
  isbn      = {0004-6361},
  pages     = {43 -- 49},
  year      = {1991},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ThomessenThomaBraun2023,
  author    = {Thomessen, Karolin and Thoma, Andreas and Braun, Carsten},
  title     = {Bio-inspired altitude changing extension to the 3DVFH* local obstacle avoidance algorithm},
  series = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal},
  journal   = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wien},
  issn      = {1869-5590 (Online)},
  doi       = {10.1007/s13272-023-00691-w},
  pages     = {11 Seiten},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Obstacle avoidance is critical for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating autonomously. Obstacle avoidance algorithms either rely on global environment data or local sensor data. Local path planners react to unforeseen objects and plan purely on local sensor information. Similarly, animals need to find feasible paths based on local information about their surroundings. Therefore, their behavior is a valuable source of inspiration for path planning. Bumblebees tend to fly vertically over far-away obstacles and horizontally around close ones, implying two zones for different flight strategies depending on the distance to obstacles. This work enhances the local path planner 3DVFH* with this bio-inspired strategy. The algorithm alters the goal-driven function of the 3DVFH* to climb-preferring if obstacles are far away. Prior experiments with bumblebees led to two definitions of flight zone limits depending on the distance to obstacles, leading to two algorithm variants. Both variants reduce the probability of not reaching the goal of a 3DVFH* implementation in Matlab/Simulink. The best variant, 3DVFH*b-b, reduces this probability from 70.7 to 18.6\% in city-like worlds using a strong vertical evasion strategy. Energy consumption is higher, and flight paths are longer compared to the algorithm version with pronounced horizontal evasion tendency. A parameter study analyzes the effect of different weighting factors in the cost function. The best parameter combination shows a failure probability of 6.9\% in city-like worlds and reduces energy consumption by 28\%. Our findings demonstrate the potential of bio-inspired approaches for improving the performance of local path planning algorithms for UAV.},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{EickmannEschFunkeetal.2014,
  author    = {Eickmann, Matthias and Esch, Thomas and Funke, Harald and Abanteriba, Sylvester and Roosen, Petra},
  title     = {Biofuels in Aviation - Safety Implications of Bio-Ethanol Usage in General Aviation Aircraft},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Up in the clouds and above fuels and construction materials must be very carefully selected to ensure a smooth flight and touchdown. Out of around 38,000 single and dual-engined propeller aeroplanes, roughly a third are affected by a new trend in the fuel sector that may lead to operating troubles or even emergency landings: The admixture of bio-ethanol to conventional gasoline. Experiences with these fuels may be projected to alternative mixtures containing new components.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{EschFunkeRoosenetal.2011,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas and Funke, Harald and Roosen, Peter and Jarolimek, Ulrich},
  title     = {Biogene Automobilkraftstoffe in der allgemeinen Luftfahrt},
  series = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ).},
  volume    = {72},
  journal   = {Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ).},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {Basel},
  isbn      = {0024-8525},
  doi       = {10.1365/s35146-011-0013-7},
  pages     = {54 -- 59},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{EschFunkeRoosenetal.2011,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas and Funke, Harald and Roosen, Peter and Jarolimek, Ulrich},
  title     = {Biogenic Vehicle Fuels in General Aviation Aircrafts},
  series = {MTZ worldwide. 72 (2011), H. 1},
  journal   = {MTZ worldwide. 72 (2011), H. 1},
  publisher = {Springer Automotive Media},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  pages     = {38 -- 43},
  year      = {2011},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{WahlePeter1992,
  author    = {Wahle, Michael and Peter, Roland},
  title     = {Bismaleinimidharze : Offenlegungsschrift / Europ{\"a}ische Patentanmeldung},
  publisher = {Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt / Europ{\"a}isches Patentamt},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen / Den Hague},
  pages     = {6 S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {1992},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{HavermannSeiler2004,
  author    = {Havermann, Marc and Seiler, Friedrich},
  title     = {Boundary layer influence on supersonic jet cross flow interaction in hypersonic flow : DGLR/STAB-Fachsymposium Str{\"o}mungsmechanik 2004, Bremer Innovations- und Technologiezentrum (BITZ), Bremen, FRG, 16. - 18. November 2004 / Havermann, M.; Seiler, F. Institut Franco-Allemand de Recherches de Saint-Louis},
  publisher = {ISL},
  address   = {Saint-Louis},
  pages     = {8 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2004},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HavermannSeiler2006,
  author    = {Havermann, Marc and Seiler, F.},
  title     = {Boundary Layer Influence on Supersonic Jet/Cross-Flow Interaction in Hypersonic Flow / Havermann, M. ; Seiler, F.},
  series = {Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design. 92 (2006)},
  journal   = {Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design. 92 (2006)},
  publisher = {-},
  isbn      = {1612-2909},
  pages     = {281 -- 288},
  year      = {2006},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{GerhardtKonrathSchoenwald2005,
  author    = {Gerhardt, Hans Joachim and Konrath, B. and Sch{\"o}nwald, J.},
  title     = {Brandsimulation f{\"u}r Abnahmeversuche},
  series = {HLH : L{\"u}ftung, Klima, Heizung, Sanit{\"a}r, Geb{\"a}udetechnik. 56 (2005), H. 8},
  journal   = {HLH : L{\"u}ftung, Klima, Heizung, Sanit{\"a}r, Geb{\"a}udetechnik. 56 (2005), H. 8},
  isbn      = {1436-5103},
  pages     = {46 -- 51},
  year      = {2005},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{GerhardtKrueger1997,
  author    = {Gerhardt, Hans Joachim and Kr{\"u}ger, O.},
  title     = {Building shape influence on local wind loads},
  series = {Proceedings of the 2nd European \& African Conference on Wind Engineering : 2 EACWE, Palazzo Ducale, Genova, Italy, June 22-26, 1997 / ed. by Giovanni Solari. - Vol. 2},
  journal   = {Proceedings of the 2nd European \& African Conference on Wind Engineering : 2 EACWE, Palazzo Ducale, Genova, Italy, June 22-26, 1997 / ed. by Giovanni Solari. - Vol. 2},
  publisher = {Servizi Grafici Editoriali},
  address   = {Padova},
  isbn      = {88-86281-19-6},
  pages     = {XIX, S. 1017 - 1998 : Ill., graph. Darst.},
  year      = {1997},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RoethSchreiber2003,
  author    = {R{\"o}th, Thilo and Schreiber, Harold},
  title     = {CAKE (Computer Aided Kinematic Engineering) im Karrosseriebau und in der passiven Fahrzeugsicherheit / Schreiber , Harold ; R{\"o}th, Thilo},
  series = {Mobiles. 2002/2003 (2003), H. 33},
  journal   = {Mobiles. 2002/2003 (2003), H. 33},
  pages     = {65 -- 67},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{ChristenBarteltKowalskietal.2008,
  author    = {Christen, Marc and Bartelt, Perry and Kowalski, Julia and Stoffel, Lukus},
  title     = {Calculation of dense snow avalanches in three-dimensional terrain with the numerical simulation programm RAMMS},
  series = {Proceedings ISSW 2008 ; International Snow Science Workshop. Whistler 2008},
  booktitle = {Proceedings ISSW 2008 ; International Snow Science Workshop. Whistler 2008},
  pages     = {709 -- 716},
  year      = {2008},
  abstract  = {Numerical models have become an essential part of snow avalanche engineering. Recent advances in understanding the rheology of flowing snow and the mechanics of entrainment and deposition have made numerical models more reliable. Coupled with field observations and historical records, they are especially helpful in understanding avalanche flow in complex terrain. However, the application of numerical models poses several new challenges to avalanche engineers. A detailed understanding of the avalanche phenomena is required to specify initial conditions (release zone dimensions and snowcover entrainment rates) as well as the friction parameters, which are no longer based on empirical back-calculations, rather terrain roughness, vegetation and snow properties. In this paper we discuss these problems by presenting the computer model RAMMS, which was specially designed by the SLF as a practical tool for avalanche engineers. RAMMS solves the depth-averaged equations governing avalanche flow with first and second-order numerical solution schemes. A tremendous effort has been invested in the implementation of advanced input and output features. Simulation results are therefore clearly and easily visualized to simplify their interpretation. More importantly, RAMMS has been applied to a series of well-documented avalanches to gauge model performance. In this paper we present the governing differential equations, highlight some of the input and output features of RAMMS and then discuss the simulation of the Gatschiefer avalanche that occurred in April 2008, near Klosters/Monbiel, Switzerland.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Wahle1983,
  author    = {Wahle, Michael},
  title     = {Calculation of the response of heat exchanger tubes with regard to nonlinear and prestressing effects},
  series = {Vibration in nuclear plant : proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Vibration in Nuclear Plant held on 11 - 14 May 1982, Keswick ; vol. 1},
  booktitle = {Vibration in nuclear plant : proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Vibration in Nuclear Plant held on 11 - 14 May 1982, Keswick ; vol. 1},
  publisher = {British Nuclear Energy Society},
  address   = {London},
  isbn      = {0-7277-0192-4 (Druckausg.)},
  pages     = {162 -- 183},
  year      = {1983},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{JanThimoBauerBieleetal.2019,
  author    = {Jan Thimo, Grundmann and Bauer, Waldemar and Biele, Jens and Boden, Ralf and Ceriotti, Matteo and Cordero, Federico and Dachwald, Bernd and Dumont, Etienne and Grimm, Christian D. and Hercik, David},
  title     = {Capabilities of Gossamer-1 derived small spacecraft solar sails carrying Mascot-derived nanolanders for in-situ surveying of NEAs},
  series = {Acta Astronautica},
  volume    = {156},
  journal   = {Acta Astronautica},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0094-5765},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.03.019},
  pages     = {330 -- 362},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{DickWagnerRoeth2005,
  author    = {Dick, Angela and Wagner, Manfred and R{\"o}th, Thilo},
  title     = {Capro Automotive Group FH Aachen},
  year      = {2005},
  abstract  = {Design- und Karosseriebaustudenten der FH Aachen entwickeln gemeinsam mit externen Fachleuten unter Einsatz virtueller Entwicklungswerkzeuge ein Konzept f{\"u}r einen Sportwagen},
  subject      = {Karosseriebau},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{FingerBraunBil2018,
  author    = {Finger, Felix and Braun, Carsten and Bil, Cees},
  title     = {Case studies in initial sizing for hybrid-electric general aviation aircraft},
  series = {2018 AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium, Cincinnati, Ohio},
  booktitle = {2018 AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium, Cincinnati, Ohio},
  doi       = {10.2514/6.2018-5005},
  year      = {2018},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{ArtmannLinderBayeretal.2017,
  author    = {Artmann, Gerhard and Linder, Peter and Bayer, Robin and Gossmann, Matthias},
  title     = {Celldrum electrode arrangement for measuring mechanical stress [Patent of invention]},
  publisher = {WIPO},
  address   = {Geneva},
  pages     = {18 Seiten},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {The invention pertains to a CellDrum electrode arrangement for measuring mechanical stress, comprising a mechanical holder (1 ) and a non-conductive membrane (4), whereby the membrane (4) is at least partially fixed at its circumference to the mechanical holder (1), keeping it in place when the membrane (4) may bend due to forces acting on the membrane (4), the mechanical holder (1) and the membrane (4) forming a container, whereby the membrane (1) within the container comprises an cell- membrane compound layer or biological material (3) adhered to the deformable membrane 4 which in response to stimulation by an agent may exert mechanical stress to the membrane (4) such that the membrane bending stage changes whereby the container may be filled with an electrolyte, whereby an electric contact (2) is arranged allowing to contact said electrolyte when filled into to the container, whereby within a predefined geometry to the fixing of the membrane (4) an electrode (7) is arranged, whereby the electrode (7) is electrically insulated with respect to the electric contact (2) as well as said electrolyte, whereby mechanical stress due to an agent may be measured as a change in capacitance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Mertens1997,
  author    = {Mertens, Josef},
  title     = {Certification of supersonic civil transports},
  series = {New design concepts for high speed air transport. - (Courses and lectures / International Centre for Mechanical Sciences ; 366)},
  booktitle = {New design concepts for high speed air transport. - (Courses and lectures / International Centre for Mechanical Sciences ; 366)},
  editor    = {Sobieczky, H.},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wien [u.a.]},
  isbn      = {3-2118-2815-X},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-7091-2658-5_6},
  pages     = {97 -- 103},
  year      = {1997},
  abstract  = {Since certification of Concorde new certification standards were introduced including many new regulations to improve flight safety. Most of these standards are to prevent severe accidents in the future which happened in the past (here: after Concorde's certification). A new SCT has to fulfill these standards, although Concorde had none of these accidents. But accidents - although they sometimes occurred only for a specific aircraft type - have to be avoided for any (new) aircraft. Because of existing aircraft without typical accident types having demonstrated their reliability, they are allowed to go on based on their old certification; although sometimes new rules prevent accident types which are not connected to specific aircraft types - like e.g. evacuation rules. Anyway, Concorde is allowed to fly based on its old certification, and hopefully in the future will fly as safely as in the past. But a new SCT has to fulfill updated rules like any other aircraft, and it has to be "just another aircraft" [75].},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AyedKustererFunkeetal.2017,
  author    = {Ayed, Anis Haj and Kusterer, Karsten and Funke, Harald and Keinz, Jan and Bohn, D.},
  title     = {CFD based exploration of the dry-low-NOx hydrogen micromix combustion technology at increased energy densities},
  series = {Propulsion and Power Research},
  volume    = {6},
  journal   = {Propulsion and Power Research},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {2212-540X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jppr.2017.01.005},
  pages     = {15 -- 24},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AyedKustererFunkeetal.2016,
  author    = {Ayed, Anis Haj and Kusterer, Karsten and Funke, Harald and Keinz, Jan},
  title     = {CFD Based Improvement of the DLN Hydrogen Micromix Combustion Technology at Increased Energy Densities},
  series = {American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)},
  volume    = {26},
  journal   = {American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS)},
  number    = {3},
  publisher = {GSSRR},
  issn      = {2313-4402},
  pages     = {290 -- 303},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Combined with the use of renewable energy sources for its production, Hydrogen represents a possible alternative gas turbine fuel within future low emission power generation. Due to the large difference in the physical properties of Hydrogen compared to other fuels such as natural gas, well established gas turbine combustion systems cannot be directly applied for Dry Low NOx (DLN) Hydrogen combustion. Thus, the development of DLN combustion technologies is an essential and challenging task for the future of Hydrogen fuelled gas turbines. The DLN Micromix combustion principle for hydrogen fuel has been developed to significantly reduce NOx-emissions. This combustion principle is based on cross-flow mixing of air and gaseous hydrogen which reacts in multiple miniaturized diffusion-type flames. The major advantages of this combustion principle are the inherent safety against flash-back and the low NOx-emissions due to a very short residence time of reactants in the flame region of the micro-flames. The Micromix Combustion technology has been already proven experimentally and numerically for pure Hydrogen fuel operation at different energy density levels. The aim of the present study is to analyze the influence of different geometry parameter variations on the flame structure and the NOx emission and to identify the most relevant design parameters, aiming to provide a physical understanding of the Micromix flame sensitivity to the burner design and identify further optimization potential of this innovative combustion technology while increasing its energy density and making it mature enough for real gas turbine application. The study reveals great optimization potential of the Micromix Combustion technology with respect to the DLN characteristics and gives insight into the impact of geometry modifications on flame structure and NOx emission. This allows to further increase the energy density of the Micromix burners and to integrate this technology in industrial gas turbines.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{DigelSadykovTemizArtmannetal.2015,
  author    = {Digel, Ilya and Sadykov, R. and Temiz Artmann, Ayseg{\"u}l and Artmann, Gerhard},
  title     = {Changes in intestinal microflora in rats induced by oral exposure to low lead (II) concentrations},
  series = {Lead Exposure and Poisoning: Clinical Symptoms, Medical Management and Preventive Strategies},
  booktitle = {Lead Exposure and Poisoning: Clinical Symptoms, Medical Management and Preventive Strategies},
  publisher = {Nova Science Publ.},
  isbn      = {9781634826990},
  pages     = {75 -- 99},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@phdthesis{Beckmann2019,
  author    = {Beckmann, Nils},
  title     = {Characterization of the hydrogen-dry-low-Nox-micromix-combustion-principle for hydrogen-methane fuel mixtures},
  publisher = {RMIT University},
  address   = {Melbourne},
  pages     = {XV, 160 Seiten},
  year      = {2019},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{WeberTellisDuhovic2016,
  author    = {Weber, Tobias and Tellis, Jane J. and Duhovic, Miro},
  title     = {Characterization of tool-part-interaction an interlaminar friction for manufacturing process simulation},
  series = {ECCM 17, 17th European Conference on Composite Materials, M{\"u}nchen, DE, Jun 26-30, 2016},
  booktitle = {ECCM 17, 17th European Conference on Composite Materials, M{\"u}nchen, DE, Jun 26-30, 2016},
  isbn      = {978-3-00-053387-7},
  pages     = {1 -- 7},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Mertens1985,
  author    = {Mertens, Josef},
  title     = {Charakteristiken des Staub-Gas-Gemisches},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik : ZAMM. 65 (1985), H. 4},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik : ZAMM. 65 (1985), H. 4},
  isbn      = {1521-4001},
  pages     = {T211 -- T213},
  year      = {1985},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{DachwaldUlamecBiele2013,
  author    = {Dachwald, Bernd and Ulamec, Stephan and Biele, Jens},
  title     = {Clean in situ subsurface exploration of icy environments in the solar system},
  series = {Habitability of other planets and satellites. - (Cellular origin, life in extreme habitats and astrobiology ; 28)},
  booktitle = {Habitability of other planets and satellites. - (Cellular origin, life in extreme habitats and astrobiology ; 28)},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Dordrecht},
  isbn      = {978-94-007-6545-0 (Druckausgabe)},
  pages     = {367 -- 397},
  year      = {2013},
  abstract  = {"To assess the habitability of the icy environments in the solar system, for example, on Mars, Europa, and Enceladus, the scientific analysis of material embedded in or underneath their ice layers is very important. We consider self-steering robotic ice melting probes to be the best method to cleanly access these environments, that is, in compliance with planetary protection standards. The required technologies are currently developed and tested."},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MeyerGranrathFeyerletal.2021,
  author    = {Meyer, Max-Arno and Granrath, Christian and Feyerl, G{\"u}nter and Richenhagen, Johannes and Kaths, Jakob and Andert, Jakob},
  title     = {Closed-loop platoon simulation with cooperative intelligent transportation systems based on vehicle-to-X communication},
  series = {Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory},
  volume    = {106},
  journal   = {Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory},
  number    = {Art. 102173},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1569-190X},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.simpat.2020.102173},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HorikawaAshikagaYamaguchietal.2022,
  author    = {Horikawa, Atsushi and Ashikaga, Mitsugu and Yamaguchi, Masato and Ogino, Tomoyuki and Aoki, Shigeki and Wirsum, Manfred and Funke, Harald and Kusterer, Karsten},
  title     = {Combined heat and power supply demonstration of Micro-Mix Hydrogen Combustion Applied to M1A-17 Gas Turbine},
  series = {Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition (GT2022) (Volume 3A)},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition (GT2022) (Volume 3A)},
  publisher = {American Society of Mechanical Engineers},
  address   = {Fairfield},
  isbn      = {978-0-7918-8599-4},
  doi       = {10.1115/GT2022-81620},
  pages     = {7 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. (KHI), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, and B\&B-AGEMA GmbH have investigated the potential of low NOx micro-mix (MMX) hydrogen combustion and its application to an industrial gas turbine combustor. Engine demonstration tests of a MMX combustor for the M1A-17 gas turbine with a co-generation system were conducted in the hydrogen-fueled power generation plant in Kobe City, Japan. This paper presents the results of the commissioning test and the combined heat and power (CHP) supply demonstration. In the commissioning test, grid interconnection, loading tests and load cut-off tests were successfully conducted. All measurement results satisfied the Japanese environmental regulation values. Dust and soot as well as SOx were not detected. The NOx emissions were below 84 ppmv at 15 \% O2. The noise level at the site boundary was below 60 dB. The vibration at the site boundary was below 45 dB. During the combined heat and power supply demonstration, heat and power were supplied to neighboring public facilities with the MMX combustion technology and 100 \% hydrogen fuel. The electric power output reached 1800 kW at which the NOx emissions were 72 ppmv at 15 \% O2, and 60 \%RH. Combustion instabilities were not observed. The gas turbine efficiency was improved by about 1 \% compared to a non-premixed type combustor with water injection as NOx reduction method. During a total equivalent operation time of 1040 hours, all combustor parts, the M1A-17 gas turbine as such, and the co-generation system were without any issues.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HavermannBeylich1998,
  author    = {Havermann, Marc and Beylich, A. E.},
  title     = {Combined Measurement of Velocity, Temperature and Pressure in Compressible Gas Flows Using Laser-Induced Iodine Fluorescence / Havermann, M. ; Beylich, A. E.},
  publisher = {-},
  year      = {1998},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{HorikawaOkadaYamaguchietal.2021,
  author    = {Horikawa, Atsushi and Okada, Kunio and Yamaguchi, Masato and Aoki, Shigeki and Wirsum, Manfred and Funke, Harald and Kusterer, Karsten},
  title     = {Combustor development and engine demonstration of micro-mix hydrogen combustion applied to M1A-17 gas turbine},
  series = {ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition // Volume 3B: Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions},
  booktitle = {ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition // Volume 3B: Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions},
  doi       = {10.1115/GT2021-59666},
  pages     = {13 Seiten},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Kawasaki Heavy Industries, LTD. (KHI) has research and development projects for a future hydrogen society. These projects comprise the complete hydrogen cycle, including the production of hydrogen gas, the refinement and liquefaction for transportation and storage, and finally the utilization in a gas turbine for electricity and heat supply. Within the development of the hydrogen gas turbine, the key technology is stable and low NOx hydrogen combustion, namely the Dry Low NOx (DLN) hydrogen combustion. KHI, Aachen University of Applied Science, and B\&B-AGEMA have investigated the possibility of low NOx micro-mix hydrogen combustion and its application to an industrial gas turbine combustor. From 2014 to 2018, KHI developed a DLN hydrogen combustor for a 2MW class industrial gas turbine with the micro-mix technology. Thereby, the ignition performance, the flame stability for equivalent rotational speed, and higher load conditions were investigated. NOx emission values were kept about half of the Air Pollution Control Law in Japan: 84ppm (O2-15\%). Hereby, the elementary combustor development was completed. From May 2020, KHI started the engine demonstration operation by using an M1A-17 gas turbine with a co-generation system located in the hydrogen-fueled power generation plant in Kobe City, Japan. During the first engine demonstration tests, adjustments of engine starting and load control with fuel staging were investigated. On 21st May, the electrical power output reached 1,635 kW, which corresponds to 100\% load (ambient temperature 20 °C), and thereby NOx emissions of 65 ppm (O2-15, 60 RH\%) were verified. Here, for the first time, a DLN hydrogen-fueled gas turbine successfully generated power and heat.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FingerBraunBil2020,
  author    = {Finger, Felix and Braun, Carsten and Bil, Cees},
  title     = {Comparative assessment of parallel-hybrid-electric propulsion systems for four different aircraft},
  series = {Journal of Aircraft},
  volume    = {57},
  journal   = {Journal of Aircraft},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {AIAA},
  address   = {Reston, Va.},
  issn      = {1533-3868},
  doi       = {10.2514/1.C035897},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Until electric energy storage systems are ready to allow fully electric aircraft, the combination of combustion engine and electric motor as a hybrid-electric propulsion system seems to be a promising intermediate solution. Consequently, the design space for future aircraft is expanded considerably, as serial hybrid-electric, parallel hybrid-electric, fully electric, and conventional propulsion systems must all be considered. While the best propulsion system depends on a multitude of requirements and considerations, trends can be observed for certain types of aircraft and certain types of missions. This Paper provides insight into some factors that drive a new design toward either conventional or hybrid propulsion systems. General aviation aircraft, regional transport aircraft vertical takeoff and landing air taxis, and unmanned aerial vehicles are chosen as case studies. Typical missions for each class are considered, and the aircraft are analyzed regarding their takeoff mass and primary energy consumption. For these case studies, a high-level approach is chosen, using an initial sizing methodology. Only parallel-hybrid-electric powertrains are taken into account. Aeropropulsive interaction effects are neglected. Results indicate that hybrid-electric propulsion systems should be considered if the propulsion system is sized by short-duration power constraints. However, if the propulsion system is sized by a continuous power requirement, hybrid-electric systems offer hardly any benefit.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FingerBraunBil2020,
  author    = {Finger, Felix and Braun, Carsten and Bil, Cees},
  title     = {Comparative assessment of parallel-hybrid-electric propulsion systems for four different aircraft},
  series = {AIAA SciTech Forum 2020, 06.01.2020 - 10.01.2020, Orlando},
  booktitle = {AIAA SciTech Forum 2020, 06.01.2020 - 10.01.2020, Orlando},
  doi       = {10.2514/6.2020-1502},
  pages     = {15 Seiten},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Finger2016,
  author    = {Finger, Felix},
  title     = {Comparative Performance and Benefit Assessment of VTOL and CTOL UAVs},
  series = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress (DLRK) 2016, 13.-15.9.2016},
  booktitle = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress (DLRK) 2016, 13.-15.9.2016},
  pages     = {10 Seiten},
  year      = {2016},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BergmannGoettenBraunetal.2022,
  author    = {Bergmann, Ole and G{\"o}tten, Falk and Braun, Carsten and Janser, Frank},
  title     = {Comparison and evaluation of blade element methods against RANS simulations and test data},
  series = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal},
  volume    = {13},
  booktitle = {CEAS Aeronautical Journal},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Wien},
  issn      = {1869-5590 (Online)},
  doi       = {10.1007/s13272-022-00579-1},
  pages     = {535 -- 557},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This paper compares several blade element theory (BET) method-based propeller simulation tools, including an evaluation against static propeller ground tests and high-fidelity Reynolds-Average Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations. Two proprietary propeller geometries for paraglider applications are analysed in static and flight conditions. The RANS simulations are validated with the static test data and used as a reference for comparing the BET in flight conditions. The comparison includes the analysis of varying 2D aerodynamic airfoil parameters and different induced velocity calculation methods. The evaluation of the BET propeller simulation tools shows the strength of the BET tools compared to RANS simulations. The RANS simulations underpredict static experimental data within 10\% relative error, while appropriate BET tools overpredict the RANS results by 15-20\% relative error. A variation in 2D aerodynamic data depicts the need for highly accurate 2D data for accurate BET results. The nonlinear BET coupled with XFOIL for the 2D aerodynamic data matches best with RANS in static operation and flight conditions. The novel BET tool PropCODE combines both approaches and offers further correction models for highly accurate static and flight condition results.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FunkeBeckmannKeinzetal.2016,
  author    = {Funke, Harald and Beckmann, Nils and Keinz, Jan and Abanteriba, Sylvester},
  title     = {Comparison of Numerical Combustion Models for Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Applied for Dry-Low-NOx-Micromix-Combustion},
  series = {ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition Volume 4A: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions Seoul, South Korea, June 13-17, 2016},
  journal   = {ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition Volume 4A: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions Seoul, South Korea, June 13-17, 2016},
  publisher = {ASME},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  isbn      = {978-0-7918-4975-0},
  doi       = {10.1115/GT2016-56430},
  pages     = {12},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {The Dry-Low-NOₓ (DLN) Micromix combustion technology has been developed as low emission combustion principle for industrial gas turbines fueled with hydrogen or syngas. The combustion process is based on the phenomenon of jet-in-crossflow-mixing. Fuel is injected perpendicular into the air-cross-flow and burned in a multitude of miniaturized, diffusion-like flames. The miniaturization of the flames leads to a significant reduction of NOₓ emissions due to the very short residence time of reactants in the flame. In the Micromix research approach, CFD analyses are validated towards experimental results. The combination of numerical and experimental methods allows an efficient design and optimization of DLN Micromix combustors concerning combustion stability and low NOₓ emissions. The paper presents a comparison of several numerical combustion models for hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas. They differ in the complexity of the underlying reaction mechanism and the associated computational effort. For pure hydrogen combustion a one-step global reaction is applied using a hybrid Eddy-Break-up model that incorporates finite rate kinetics. The model is evaluated and compared to a detailed hydrogen combustion mechanism derived by Li et al. including 9 species and 19 reversible elementary reactions. Based on this mechanism, reduction of the computational effort is achieved by applying the Flamelet Generated Manifolds (FGM) method while the accuracy of the detailed reaction scheme is maintained. For hydrogen-rich syngas combustion (H₂-CO) numerical analyses based on a skeletal H₂/CO reaction mechanism derived by Hawkes et al. and a detailed reaction mechanism provided by Ranzi et al. are performed. The comparison between combustion models and the validation of numerical results is based on exhaust gas compositions available from experimental investigation on DLN Micromix combustors. The conducted evaluation confirms that the applied detailed combustion mechanisms are able to predict the general physics of the DLN-Micromix combustion process accurately. The Flamelet Generated Manifolds method proved to be generally suitable to reduce the computational effort while maintaining the accuracy of detailed chemistry. Especially for reaction mechanisms with a high number of species accuracy and computational effort can be balanced using the FGM model.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FunkeBeckmannKeinzetal.2018,
  author    = {Funke, Harald and Beckmann, Nils and Keinz, Jan and Abanteriba, Sylvester},
  title     = {Comparison of Numerical Combustion Models for Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Applied for Dry-Low-Nox-Micromix-Combustion},
  series = {Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power},
  volume    = {140},
  journal   = {Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power},
  number    = {8},
  publisher = {ASME},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  issn      = {0742-4795},
  doi       = {10.1115/1.4038882},
  pages     = {9 Seiten},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The Dry-Low-NOx (DLN) Micromix combustion technology has been developed as low emission combustion principle for industrial gas turbines fueled with hydrogen or syngas. The combustion process is based on the phenomenon of jet-in-crossflow-mixing (JICF). Fuel is injected perpendicular into the air-cross-flow and burned in a multitude of miniaturized, diffusion-like flames. The miniaturization of the flames leads to a significant reduction of NOx emissions due to the very short residence time of reactants in the flame. In the Micromix research approach, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses are validated toward experimental results. The combination of numerical and experimental methods allows an efficient design and optimization of DLN Micromix combustors concerning combustion stability and low NOx emissions. The paper presents a comparison of several numerical combustion models for hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas. They differ in the complexity of the underlying reaction mechanism and the associated computational effort. The performance of a hybrid eddy-break-up (EBU) model with a one-step global reaction is compared to a complex chemistry model and a flamelet generated manifolds (FGM) model, both using detailed reaction schemes for hydrogen or syngas combustion. Validation of numerical results is based on exhaust gas compositions available from experimental investigation on DLN Micromix combustors. The conducted evaluation confirms that the applied detailed combustion mechanisms are able to predict the general physics of the DLN-Micromix combustion process accurately. The FGM method proved to be generally suitable to reduce the computational effort while maintaining the accuracy of detailed chemistry.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KochBoehnischVerdoncketal.2024,
  author    = {Koch, Christopher and B{\"o}hnisch, Nils and Verdonck, Hendrik and Hach, Oliver and Braun, Carsten},
  title     = {Comparison of unsteady low- and mid-fidelity propeller aerodynamic methods for whirl flutter applications},
  series = {Applied Sciences},
  volume    = {14},
  journal   = {Applied Sciences},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  issn      = {2076-3417},
  doi       = {10.3390/app14020850},
  pages     = {1 -- 28},
  year      = {2024},
  abstract  = {Aircraft configurations with propellers have been drawing more attention in recent times, partly due to new propulsion concepts based on hydrogen fuel cells and electric motors. These configurations are prone to whirl flutter, which is an aeroelastic instability affecting airframes with elastically supported propellers. It commonly needs to be mitigated already during the design phase of such configurations, requiring, among other things, unsteady aerodynamic transfer functions for the propeller. However, no comprehensive assessment of unsteady propeller aerodynamics for aeroelastic analysis is available in the literature. This paper provides a detailed comparison of nine different low- to mid-fidelity aerodynamic methods, demonstrating their impact on linear, unsteady aerodynamics, as well as whirl flutter stability prediction. Quasi-steady and unsteady methods for blade lift with or without coupling to blade element momentum theory are evaluated and compared to mid-fidelity potential flow solvers (UPM and DUST) and classical, derivative-based methods. Time-domain identification of frequency-domain transfer functions for the unsteady propeller hub loads is used to compare the different methods. Predictions of the minimum required pylon stiffness for stability show good agreement among the mid-fidelity methods. The differences in the stability predictions for the low-fidelity methods are higher. Most methods studied yield a more unstable system than classical, derivative-based whirl flutter analysis, indicating that the use of more sophisticated aerodynamic modeling techniques might be required for accurate whirl flutter prediction.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LeyPlescherScholzetal.2007,
  author    = {Ley, Wilfried and Plescher, Engelbert and Scholz, Artur and Piepenbrock, Johannes},
  title     = {COMPASS-1 picosatellite project / Ley, Wilfried ; Plescher, Engelbert ; Scholz, Artur ; Piepenbrock, Johannes},
  series = {Small satellites for earth observation : digest of the 6th International symposium of the International Academy of Astronautics, Berlin, April 23 - 26, 2007 / ed. by Rainer Sandau; Hans-Peter R{\"o}ser; Arnoldo Valenzuela},
  journal   = {Small satellites for earth observation : digest of the 6th International symposium of the International Academy of Astronautics, Berlin, April 23 - 26, 2007 / ed. by Rainer Sandau; Hans-Peter R{\"o}ser; Arnoldo Valenzuela},
  publisher = {Wissenschaft und Technik Verl.},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {9783896855718},
  pages     = {147 -- 150},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ReimerBraunChenetal.2007,
  author    = {Reimer, Lars and Braun, Carsten and Chen, B.-H. and Ballmann, Josef},
  title     = {Computational aeroelastic analysis and design of the HIRENASD wind tunnel wing model and tests},
  series = {Proceedings / IFASD 2007, CEAS/AIAA/KTH International Forum on Aeroelasticity and Structural Dynamics : June 18 - 21, 2007, Stockholm, Sweden},
  booktitle = {Proceedings / IFASD 2007, CEAS/AIAA/KTH International Forum on Aeroelasticity and Structural Dynamics : June 18 - 21, 2007, Stockholm, Sweden},
  publisher = {KTH},
  address   = {Stockholm},
  pages     = {1 CD-ROM},
  year      = {2007},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{BrittenBraunHesseetal.2003,
  author    = {Britten, G. and Braun, Carsten and Hesse, M. and Ballmann, Josef},
  title     = {Computational aeroelasticity with reduced structural models},
  series = {Flow modulation and fluid-structure interaction at airplane wings : research results of the Collaborative Research Center SFB 401 at RWTH Aachen, University of Technology, Aachen, Germany / Josef Ballmann (Ed.) Notes on numerical fluid mechanics and multidisciplinary design. Vol. 84},
  booktitle = {Flow modulation and fluid-structure interaction at airplane wings : research results of the Collaborative Research Center SFB 401 at RWTH Aachen, University of Technology, Aachen, Germany / Josef Ballmann (Ed.) Notes on numerical fluid mechanics and multidisciplinary design. Vol. 84},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {3-540-40209-8},
  pages     = {275 -- 299},
  year      = {2003},
  language  = {en}
}