@inproceedings{SauerbornHoffschmidtTelleetal.2012,
  author    = {Sauerborn, Markus and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Telle, R. and Wagner, M.},
  title     = {Heatable optical analyse system for high temperature absorbers},
  series = {30th ISES Biennial Solar World Congress 2011 : : Kassel, Germany, 28 August - 2 September 2011. Vol. 5},
  booktitle = {30th ISES Biennial Solar World Congress 2011 : : Kassel, Germany, 28 August - 2 September 2011. Vol. 5},
  publisher = {Curran},
  address   = {Red Hook, NY},
  organization    = {International Solar Energy Society},
  isbn      = {978-1-61839-364-7},
  pages     = {3852 -- 3860},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FrickeZiolkoAnthrakidisetal.2012,
  author    = {Fricke, Barbara and Ziolko, C. and Anthrakidis, Anette and Alexopoulos, Spiros and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Giese, F. and Dillig, M.},
  title     = {InnoSol - environmental aspects of the open volumetric receiver technology},
  series = {30th ISES Biennial Solar World Congress 2011 : : Kassel, Germany, 28 August - 2 September 2011. Vol. 5},
  booktitle = {30th ISES Biennial Solar World Congress 2011 : : Kassel, Germany, 28 August - 2 September 2011. Vol. 5},
  publisher = {Curran},
  address   = {Red Hook, NY},
  organization    = {International Solar Energy Society},
  pages     = {3895 -- 3900},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AlexopoulosHoffschmidtRauetal.2012,
  author    = {Alexopoulos, Spiros and Hoffschmidt, Bernhard and Rau, Christoph and Sattler, Johannes, Christoph},
  title     = {Simulation of hybrid solar tower power plants},
  series = {30th ISES Biennial Solar World Congress 2011 : Kassel, Germany, 28 August - 2 September 2011. Vol. 5},
  booktitle = {30th ISES Biennial Solar World Congress 2011 : Kassel, Germany, 28 August - 2 September 2011. Vol. 5},
  publisher = {Curran},
  address   = {Red Hook, NY},
  organization    = {International Solar Energy Society},
  pages     = {4044 -- 4050},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SauerbornArshadiRohrmoser2012,
  author    = {Sauerborn, Markus and Arshadi, S. and Rohrmoser, R.},
  title     = {Influence of clouds and aerosols to the haze of the sunshape},
  series = {30th ISES Biennial Solar World Congress 2011 : Kassel, Germany, 28 August - 2 September 2011. Vol. 5},
  booktitle = {30th ISES Biennial Solar World Congress 2011 : Kassel, Germany, 28 August - 2 September 2011. Vol. 5},
  publisher = {Curran},
  address   = {Red Hook, NY},
  organization    = {International Solar Energy Society},
  pages     = {3887 -- 3894},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StadlerGarveyBocahutetal.2012,
  author    = {Stadler, Andreas M. and Garvey, G. J. and Bocahut, A. and Sacquin-Mora, S. and Digel, Ilya and Schneider, G. J. and Natali, F. and Artmann, Gerhard and Zaccai, G.},
  title     = {Thermal fluctuations of haemoglobin from different species : adaptation to temperature via conformational dynamics},
  series = {Journal of the Royal Society Interface},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Journal of the Royal Society Interface},
  number    = {76},
  publisher = {The Royal Society},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1742-5689},
  doi       = {10.1098/rsif.2012.0364},
  pages     = {2845 -- 2855},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Thermodynamic stability, configurational motions and internal forces of haemoglobin (Hb) of three endotherms (platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus; domestic chicken, Gallus gallus domesticus and human, Homo sapiens) and an ectotherm (salt water crocodile, Crocodylus porosus) were investigated using circular dichroism, incoherent elastic neutron scattering and coarse-grained Brownian dynamics simulations. The experimental results from Hb solutions revealed a direct correlation between protein resilience, melting temperature and average body temperature of the different species on the 0.1 ns time scale. Molecular forces appeared to be adapted to permit conformational fluctuations with a root mean square displacement close to 1.2 {\AA} at the corresponding average body temperature of the endotherms. Strong forces within crocodile Hb maintain the amplitudes of motion within a narrow limit over the entire temperature range in which the animal lives. In fully hydrated powder samples of human and chicken, Hb mean square displacements and effective force constants on the 1 ns time scale showed no differences over the whole temperature range from 10 to 300 K, in contrast to the solution case. A complementary result of the study, therefore, is that one hydration layer is not sufficient to activate all conformational fluctuations of Hb in the pico- to nanosecond time scale which might be relevant for biological function. Coarse-grained Brownian dynamics simulations permitted to explore residue-specific effects. They indicated that temperature sensing of human and chicken Hb occurs mainly at residues lining internal cavities in the β-subunits.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{DigelZhubanovaAkimbekov2012,
  author    = {Digel, Ilya and Zhubanova, Azhar Ahmetovna and Akimbekov, Nuraly S.},
  title     = {Visual Virology},
  address   = {Almaty},
  isbn      = {978-601-247-298-1},
  pages     = {144 S. : zahlr. Ill.},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{StaatVu2012,
  author    = {Staat, Manfred and Vu, Duc Khoi},
  title     = {Limit analysis of flaws in pressurized pipes and cylindrical vessels Part II: Circumferential defects},
  series = {Engineering Fracture Mechanics ; 97(2013), H. 1},
  volume    = {97},
  journal   = {Engineering Fracture Mechanics ; 97(2013), H. 1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0013-7944},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.engfracmech.2012.05.017},
  pages     = {314 -- 333},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Upper and lower bound theorems of limit analyses have been presented in part I of the paper. Part II starts with the finite element discretization of these theorems and demonstrates how both can be combined in a primal-dual optimization problem. This recently proposed numerical method is used to guide the development of a new class of closed-form limit loads for circumferential defects, which show that only large defects contribute to plastic collapse with a rapid loss of strength with increasing crack sizes. The formulae are compared with primal-dual FEM limit analyses and with burst tests. Even closer predictions are obtained with iterative limit load solutions for the von Mises yield function and for the Tresca yield function. Pressure loading of the faces of interior cracks in thick pipes reduces the collapse load of circumferential defects more than for axial flaws. Axial defects have been treated in part I of the paper.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FeuerriegelWittenhorstHoffmannetal.2012,
  author    = {Feuerriegel, Uwe and Wittenhorst, Simon and Hoffmann, Ulrich and Pook, Michael},
  title     = {Simulation von W{\"a}rme{\"u}bertragungsprozessen},
  series = {Tagungsband zur AALE-Tagung 2012 : 9. Fachkonferenz},
  booktitle = {Tagungsband zur AALE-Tagung 2012 : 9. Fachkonferenz},
  publisher = {Oldenbourg Industrieverlag},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  isbn      = {978-3-8356-3305-6},
  pages     = {127 -- 136},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{WosnitzaHilgers2012,
  author    = {Wosnitza, Franz and Hilgers, Hans Gerd},
  title     = {Energieeffizienz und Energiemanagement : Ein {\"U}berblick heutiger M{\"o}glichkeiten und Notwendigkeiten},
  publisher = {Vieweg + Teubner},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  isbn      = {978-3-8348-8671-2},
  pages     = {Elektronische Ressource},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{Laack2012,
  author    = {Laack, Walter van},
  title     = {Elektro- und Ultraschalltherapie},
  series = {Leitfaden Naturheilverfahren : f{\"u}r die {\"a}rztliche Praxis},
  booktitle = {Leitfaden Naturheilverfahren : f{\"u}r die {\"a}rztliche Praxis},
  editor    = {Beer, Andr{\´e}-Michael and Adler, Martin},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  isbn      = {978-3-437-56103-0},
  doi       = {10.1016/B978-3-437-56103-0.10013-5},
  pages     = {285 -- 299},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Laack2012,
  author    = {Laack, Walter van},
  title     = {Schnittstelle Tod: Warum auf ein Danach vertrauen?},
  publisher = {Books on Demand},
  address   = {Norderstedt},
  isbn      = {978-3-936624-14-4},
  pages     = {120 S. : Ill.,graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BleckenHolthausSellheier2012,
  author    = {Blecken, Udo and Holthaus-Sellheier, Ursula},
  title     = {Quantitative Prognoseverfahren f{\"u}r Mietpreise von Bueroimmobilien am Beispiel D{\"u}sseldorf},
  series = {GuG : Grundst{\"u}cksmarkt und Grundst{\"u}ckswert},
  volume    = {23},
  journal   = {GuG : Grundst{\"u}cksmarkt und Grundst{\"u}ckswert},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Werner},
  address   = {K{\"o}ln},
  issn      = {0938-0175},
  pages     = {12 -- 21},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KurulganDemirciDemirciLinderetal.2012,
  author    = {Kurulgan Demirci, Eylem and Demirci, Taylan and Linder, Peter and Trzewik, J{\"u}rgen and Gierkowski, Jessica Ricarda and Gossmann, Matthias and Kayser, Peter and Porst, Dariusz and Digel, Ilya and Artmann, Gerhard and Temiz Artmann, Ayseg{\"u}l},
  title     = {rhAPC reduces the endothelial cell permeability via a decrease of contractile tensions induced by endothelial cells},
  series = {Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume    = {113},
  journal   = {Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1347-4421},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.03.019},
  pages     = {212 -- 219},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {All cells generate contractile tension. This strain is crucial for mechanically controlling the cell shape, function and survival. In this study, the CellDrum technology quantifying cell's (the cellular) mechanical tension on a pico-scale was used to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on human aortic endothelial cell (HAoEC) tension. The LPS effect during gram-negative sepsis on endothelial cells is cell contraction causing endothelium permeability increase. The aim was to finding out whether recombinant activated protein C (rhAPC) would reverse the endothelial cell response in an in-vitro sepsis model. In this study, the established in-vitro sepsis model was confirmed by interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels at the proteomic and genomic levels by ELISA, real time-PCR and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation by florescence staining. The thrombin cellular contraction effect on endothelial cells was used as a positive control when the CellDrum technology was applied. Additionally, the Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) mRNA expression level was checked by real time-PCR to support contractile tension results. According to contractile tension results, the mechanical predominance of actin stress fibers was a reason of the increased endothelial contractile tension leading to enhanced endothelium contractility and thus permeability enhancement. The originality of this data supports firstly the basic measurement principles of the CellDrum technology and secondly that rhAPC has a beneficial effect on sepsis influenced cellular tension. The technology presented here is promising for future high-throughput cellular tension analysis that will help identify pathological contractile tension responses of cells and prove further cell in-vitro models.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderSchneider2012,
  author    = {Schneider, Bettina and Schneider, Wilhelm},
  title     = {Jahresabschluss nach BilMoG : Ansatz-, Ausweis- und Bewertungsvorschriften},
  series = {Das Wirtschaftsstudium : wisu ; Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Ausbildung, Examen, Berufseinstieg und Fortbildung},
  volume    = {41},
  journal   = {Das Wirtschaftsstudium : wisu ; Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Ausbildung, Examen, Berufseinstieg und Fortbildung},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Lange},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  issn      = {0340-3084},
  pages     = {529 -- 535},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SpelthahnKirsanovLeginetal.2012,
  author    = {Spelthahn, Heiko and Kirsanov, Dmitry and Legin, Andrey and Osterrath, Thomas and Schubert, J{\"u}rgen and Zander, Willi and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Development of a thin-film sensor array for analytical monitoring of heavy metals in aqueous solutions},
  series = {Physica Status Solidi (a)},
  volume    = {209},
  journal   = {Physica Status Solidi (a)},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  isbn      = {1862-6319},
  doi       = {10.1002/pssa.201100733},
  pages     = {885 -- 891},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {In industrial processes there is a variety of heavy metals (e.g., copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead) in use for wires, coatings, paints, alloys, batteries, etc. Since the application of these transition metals for industry is inevitable, it is a vital task to develop proper analytical techniques for their monitoring at low activity levels, especially because most of these elements are acutely toxic for biological organisms. The determination of ions in solution by means of a simple and inexpensive sensor array is, therefore, a promising task. In this work, a sensor array with heavy metal-sensitive chalcogenide glass membranes for the simultaneous detection of the four ions Ag⁺, Cu2⁺, Cd2⁺, and Pb2⁺ in solution is realized. The results of the physical characterization by means of microscopy, profilometry, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as the electrochemical characterization by means of potentiometric measurements are presented. Additionally, the possibility to expand the sensor array by polymeric sensor membranes is discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{EngelsGabler2012,
  author    = {Engels, Elmar and Gabler, T.},
  title     = {Universelle Programmierschnittstelle f{\"u}r Motion-Logic Systeme},
  series = {Tagungsband zur AALE-Tagung 2012 : 9. Fachkonferenz},
  booktitle = {Tagungsband zur AALE-Tagung 2012 : 9. Fachkonferenz},
  publisher = {Oldenbourg Industrieverlag},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  isbn      = {978-3-8356-3305-6},
  pages     = {37 -- 46},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{LuszczynskiEngels2012,
  author    = {Luszczynski, K. and Engels, Elmar},
  title     = {Vergleichende Untersuchung zur Topologie von zelloptimalen, elektromobilit{\"a}ts-optimierten Ladungsausgleichsvorrichtungen},
  series = {Tagungsband zur AALE-Tagung 2012 : 9. Fachkonferenz},
  booktitle = {Tagungsband zur AALE-Tagung 2012 : 9. Fachkonferenz},
  publisher = {Oldenbourg Industrieverlag},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen},
  isbn      = {978-3-8356-3305-6},
  pages     = {165 -- 174},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SpelthahnSchubertSchoening2012,
  author    = {Spelthahn, Heiko and Schubert, J{\"u}rgen and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {D{\"u}nnschichtsensoren f{\"u}r die Schwermetallanalytik},
  series = {GIT : Labor-Fachzeitschrift},
  volume    = {56},
  journal   = {GIT : Labor-Fachzeitschrift},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {0016-3538},
  pages     = {285 -- 287},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Die Detektion von Schadstoffen repr{\"a}sentiert in der Umweltanalytik eine wichtige Aufgabenstellung. Gerade die Abwasser- bzw. Brauchwasseranalytik sowie die Prozesskontrolle haben einen hohen Stellenwert. Siliziumbasierte D{\"u}nnschichtsensoren bieten eine kosteng{\"u}nstige M{\"o}glichkeit, „online"-Messungen bzw. Vor-Ort-Messungen zeitnah durchzuf{\"u}hren. In dieser Arbeit wird ein potentiometrisches Sensorarray auf der Basis von Chalkogenidgl{\"a}sern zur Detektion von Schwermetallen in w{\"a}ssrigen Medien vorgestellt.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{GerhardsSanderBelloum2012,
  author    = {Gerhards, Michael and Sander, Volker and Belloum, Adam},
  title     = {About the flexible Migration of Workflow Tasks to Clouds : Combining on- and off-premise Executions of Applications},
  series = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2012 : The Third International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization ; July 22-27, 2012 - Nice, France},
  booktitle = {CLOUD COMPUTING 2012 : The Third International Conference on Cloud Computing, GRIDs, and Virtualization ; July 22-27, 2012 - Nice, France},
  editor    = {Zimmermann, Wolf and Lee, Yong Woo and Demchenko, Yuri},
  publisher = {IARIA Journals},
  isbn      = {978-1-61208-216-5},
  pages     = {82 -- 87},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {An increasing number of applications target their executions on specific hardware like general purpose Graphics Processing Units. Some Cloud Computing providers offer this specific hardware so that organizations can rent such resources. However, outsourcing the whole application to the Cloud causes avoidable costs if only some parts of the application benefit from the specific expensive hardware. A partial execution of applications in the Cloud is a tradeoff between costs and efficiency. This paper addresses the demand for a consistent framework that allows for a mixture of on- and off-premise calculations by migrating only specific parts to a Cloud. It uses the concept of workflows to present how individual workflow tasks can be migrated to the Cloud whereas the remaining tasks are executed on-premise.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NovacekTranKlingeetal.2012,
  author    = {Novacek, V. and Tran, Thanh Ngoc and Klinge, U. and Tolba, R. H. and Staat, Manfred and Bronson, D. G. and Miesse, A. M. and Whiffen, J. and Turquier, F.},
  title     = {Finite element modelling of stapled colorectal end-to-end anastomosis : Advantages of variable height stapler design},
  series = {Journal of Biomechanics},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Journal of Biomechanics},
  number    = {115},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1873-2380},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.07.021},
  pages     = {2693 -- 2697},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The impact of surgical staplers on tissues has been studied mostly in an empirical manner. In this paper, finite element method was used to clarify the mechanics of tissue stapling and associated phenomena. Various stapling modalities and several designs of circular staplers were investigated to evaluate the impact of the device on tissues and mechanical performance of the end-to-end colorectal anastomosis. Numerical simulations demonstrated that a single row of staples is not adequate to resist leakage due to non-linear buckling and opening of the tissue layers between two adjacent staples. Compared to the single staple row configuration, significant increase in stress experienced by the tissue at the inner staple rows was observed in two and three rows designs. On the other hand, adding second and/or third staple row had no effect on strain in the tissue inside the staples. Variable height design with higher staples in outer rows significantly reduced the stresses and strains in outer rows when compared to the same configuration with flat cartridge.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NguyenDuongTranetal.2012,
  author    = {Nguyen, Nhu Huynh and Duong, Minh Tuan and Tran, Thanh Ngoc and Pham, Phu Tinh and Grottke, O. and Tolba, R. and Staat, Manfred},
  title     = {Influence of a freeze-thaw cycle on the stress-stretch curves of tissues of porcine abdominal organs},
  series = {Journal of Biomechanics},
  volume    = {45},
  journal   = {Journal of Biomechanics},
  number    = {14},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1873-2380},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.07.008},
  pages     = {2382 -- 2386},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The paper investigates both fresh porcine spleen and liver and the possible decomposition of these organs under a freeze-thaw cycle. The effect of tissue preservation condition is an important factor which should be taken into account for protracted biomechanical tests. In this work, tension tests were conducted for a large number of tissue specimens from twenty pigs divided into two groups of 10. Concretely, the first group was tested in fresh state; the other one was tested after a freeze-thaw cycle which simulates the conservation conditions before biomechanical experiments. A modified Fung model for isotropic behavior was adopted for the curve fitting of each kind of tissues. Experimental results show strong effects of the realistic freeze-thaw cycle on the capsule of elastin-rich spleen but negligible effects on the liver which virtually contains no elastin. This different behavior could be explained by the autolysis of elastin by elastolytic enzymes during the warmer period after thawing. Realistic biomechanical properties of elastin-rich organs can only be expected if really fresh tissue is tested. The observations are supported by tests of intestines.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KotliarLanzlHanssenetal.2012,
  author    = {Kotliar, Konstantin and Lanzl, Ines M. and Hanssen, Henner and Eberhardt, Karla and Vilser, Walthard and Halle, Martin and Heemann, Uwe and Schmidt-Trucks{\"a}ss, Arno and Baumann, Marcus},
  title     = {Does increased blood pressure rather than aging influence retinal pulse wave velocity?},
  series = {Investigative Ophthalmology \& Visual Science, IOVS},
  volume    = {53},
  journal   = {Investigative Ophthalmology \& Visual Science, IOVS},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {ARVO},
  address   = {Rockville, Md.},
  issn      = {0146-0404},
  doi       = {10.1167/iovs.11-8815},
  pages     = {2119 -- 2126},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Purpose: It was demonstrated previously that retinal pulse wave velocity (rPWV) as a measure of retinal arterial stiffness is increased in aged anamnestically healthy volunteers compared with young healthy subjects. Using novel methodology of rPWV assessment this finding was confirmed and investigated whether it might relate to the increased blood pressure usually accompanying the aging process, rather than to the aging itself. Methods: A total of 12 young 25.5-year-old (24.0-28.8) [median(1st quartile-3rd quartile)] and 12 senior 68.5-year-old (63.8-71.8) anamnestically healthy volunteers; and 12 senior 63.0-year-old (60.8-65.0) validated healthy volunteers and 12 young 33.0-year-old (29.5-35.0) hypertensive patients were examined. Time-dependent alterations of vessel diameter were assessed by the Dynamic Vessel Analyzer in a retinal artery of each subject. The data were filtered and processed using mathematical signal analysis and rPWVs were calculated. Results: rPWV amounted to 1200 (990-1470) RU (relative units)/s in the hypertensive group and to 1040 (700-2230) RU/s in anamnestically healthy seniors. These differed significantly from rPWVs in young healthy group (410 [280-500] RU/s) and in validated healthy seniors (400 [320-510] RU/s). rPWV associated with age and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the pooled cohort excluded validated healthy seniors. In a regression model these associations remain when alternately adjusted for MAP and age. When including validated healthy seniors in the pooled cohort only association with MAP remains. Conclusions: Both aging (with not excluded cardiovascular risk factors) and mild hypertension are associated with elevated rPWV. rPWV increases to a similar extent both in young mildly hypertensive subjects and in aged anamnestically healthy persons. Healthy aging is not associated with increased rPWV.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KlingeWilkeMuehl2012,
  author    = {Klinge, Uwe and Wilke, Ralf and M{\"u}hl, Thomas},
  title     = {Auswahl der Herniennetze nach der "effektiven Porosit{\"a}t" - warum das Gewicht weniger wichtig ist},
  series = {Chirurgische Allgemeine : CHAZ ; Zeitung f{\"u}r Klinik und Praxis},
  volume    = {13},
  journal   = {Chirurgische Allgemeine : CHAZ ; Zeitung f{\"u}r Klinik und Praxis},
  number    = {12},
  publisher = {Kaden},
  address   = {Mannheim},
  isbn      = {1615-5378},
  pages     = {297 -- 301},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{BohrnStuetzFuchsetal.2012,
  author    = {Bohrn, U. and St{\"u}tz, E. and Fuchs, K. and Fleischer, M. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef and Wagner, P.},
  title     = {Monitoring of irritant gas using a whole-cell-based sensor system},
  series = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical},
  volume    = {175},
  journal   = {Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {0925-4005},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.snb.2012.05.088},
  pages     = {208 -- 217},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Cell-based sensors for the detection of gases have long been underrepresented, due to the cellular requirement of being cultured in a liquid environment. In this work we established a cell-based gas biosensor for the detection of toxic substances in air, by adapting a commercial sensor chip (Bionas®), previously used for the measurement of pollutants in liquids. Cells of the respiratory tract (A549, RPMI 2650, V79), which survive at a gas phase in a natural context, are used as biological receptors. The physiological cell parameters acidification, respiration and morphology are continuously monitored in parallel. Ammonia was used as a highly water-soluble model gas to test the feasibility of the sensor system. Infrared measurements confirmed the sufficiency of the medium draining method. This sensor system provides a basis for many sensor applications such as environmental monitoring, building technology and public security.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderSchneider2012,
  author    = {Schneider, Bettina and Schneider, Wilhelm},
  title     = {Due Diligence - Grundlagen und Checkliste f{\"u}r KMU},
  series = {Betriebswirtschaft im Blickpunkt},
  journal   = {Betriebswirtschaft im Blickpunkt},
  publisher = {IWW Institut f{\"u}r Wissen in der Wirtschaft},
  address   = {Nordkirchen},
  issn      = {2191-1118},
  pages     = {148 -- 149},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Im Folgenden sollen Anlass und Inhalt einer Due Diligence erl{\"a}utert werden. Im Rahmen einer Checkliste werden Beratern und Unternehmen Hinweise zu m{\"o}glichen Pr{\"u}fungsgebieten sowie zu vorzuhaltenden oder zu pr{\"u}fenden Unterlagen gegeben. Entstanden ist die Checkliste aus der langj{\"a}hrigen praktischen T{\"a}tigkeit der Autoren bei einer großen Wirtschaftspr{\"u}fungsgesellschaft bzw. einer deutschen Großbank.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{WernerGroebelKrumbeetal.2012,
  author    = {Werner, Frederik and Groebel, Simone and Krumbe, Christoph and Wagner, Torsten and Selmer, Thorsten and Yoshinobu, Tatsuo and Baumann, Marcus and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Nutrient concentration-sensitive microorganism-based biosensor},
  series = {Physica Status Solidi (a)},
  volume    = {209},
  journal   = {Physica Status Solidi (a)},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1862-6319},
  doi       = {10.1002/pssa.201100801},
  pages     = {900 -- 904},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KirchnerReisertPuetzetal.2012,
  author    = {Kirchner, Patrick and Reisert, Steffen and P{\"u}tz, Patrick and Keusgen, Michael and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef},
  title     = {Characterisation of polymeric materials as passivation layer for calorimetric H2O2 gas sensors},
  series = {Physica Status Solidi (a)},
  volume    = {209},
  journal   = {Physica Status Solidi (a)},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Wiley-VCH},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  issn      = {1862-6319},
  doi       = {10.1002/pssa.201100773},
  pages     = {859 -- 863},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Calorimetric gas sensors for monitoring the H₂O₂ concentration at elevated temperatures in industrial sterilisation processes have been presented in previous works. These sensors are built up in form of a differential set-up of a catalytically active and passive temperature-sensitive structure. Although, various types of catalytically active dispersions have been studied, the passivation layer has to be established and therefore, chemically as well as physically characterised. In the present work, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoralkoxy (PFA) and epoxy-based SU-8 photoresist as temperature-stable polymeric materials have been investigated for sensor passivation in terms of their chemical inertness against H₂O₂, their hygroscopic properties as well as their morphology. The polymeric materials were deposited via spin-coating on the temperature-sensitive structure, wherein spin-coated FEP and PFA show slight agglomerates. However, they possess a low absorption of humidity due to their hydrophobic surface, whereas the SU-8 layer has a closed surface but shows a slightly higher absorption of water. All of them were inert against gaseous H₂O₂ during the characterisation in H₂O₂ atmosphere that demonstrates their suitability as passivation layer for calorimetric H₂O₂ gas sensors.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Huening2012,
  author    = {H{\"u}ning, Felix},
  title     = {PowerMOSFETs f{\"u}r Elektromotoren im Automobil : Vom Fensterheber zum EPS},
  series = {Elektronik im Kraftfahrzeug : Innovationen bei Systemen und Komponenten ; mit 7 Tabellen},
  booktitle = {Elektronik im Kraftfahrzeug : Innovationen bei Systemen und Komponenten ; mit 7 Tabellen},
  editor    = {Schmitz, G{\"u}nter},
  publisher = {Expert Verlag},
  address   = {Renningen},
  isbn      = {978-3-8169-3110-2},
  pages     = {71 -- 81},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{Huening2012,
  author    = {H{\"u}ning, Felix},
  title     = {Using Trench PowerMOSFETs in Linear Mode},
  series = {Power Electronics Europe (2012)},
  journal   = {Power Electronics Europe (2012)},
  publisher = {DFA Media},
  address   = {Tonbridge},
  issn      = {1748-3530},
  pages     = {27 -- 29},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {If we think about applications for modern Power MOSFETs using trench technology, running them in linear mode may not be top of the priority list. Yet there are multiple uses for Trench Power MOSFETs in linear mode. In fact, even turning the device on and off in switching applications is a form of linear operation. Also, these components can be run in linear mode to protect the device against voltage surges. This article will illustrate the factors that need to be considered for linear operation and show how Trench Power MOSFETs are suited to it.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{EngelsSchnabel2012,
  author    = {Engels, Elmar and Schnabel, Holger},
  title     = {Rapid-control-prototyping of industrial drives for the sercos automation bus},
  series = {13th International Workshop on Mechatronics (MECATRONICS), 2012 9th France-Japan \& 7th Europe-Asia Congress on and Research and Education in Mechatronics (REM)},
  booktitle = {13th International Workshop on Mechatronics (MECATRONICS), 2012 9th France-Japan \& 7th Europe-Asia Congress on and Research and Education in Mechatronics (REM)},
  isbn      = {978-1-4673-4771-6},
  pages     = {177 -- 181},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {This article describes the functionality of a MATLAB® library that can be used to develop motion-logic applications in MATLAB programming language for industrial drive and control systems using the well known sercos automation bus. Therewith MATLAB's functionality is extended to designing automation applications from single axis machines up to multi-kinematic robots.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Wolf2012,
  author    = {Wolf, Martin},
  title     = {Von Security Awareness zum Secure Behaviour},
  series = {Hakin9 Extra - IT-Forensik},
  volume    = {2012},
  journal   = {Hakin9 Extra - IT-Forensik},
  number    = {5},
  publisher = {Software Wydawnictwo},
  address   = {Warszawa},
  issn      = {1733-7186},
  pages     = {18 -- 19},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Security Awareness ist derzeit ein viel diskutiertes Thema. Es reicht nicht, einfach nur ein paar technische Systeme (z.B. Firewalls) zu installieren, um ein angemessenes Schutzniveau zu erzielen. Neben einer guten Organisation von IT Security ist es auch notwendig, den Mitarbeiter einzubinden. Der vielzitierte "Faktor Mensch" ist derjenige, der die Technik korrekt anwenden muss und der durch falsches Verhalten technische und organisatorische Schutzmaßnahmen aushebeln kann. Deshalb reicht es nicht aus, wenn sich der Mitarbeiter der Gefahren bewusst ("aware") ist, er muss auch dementsprechend "sicher" handeln.},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Klocke2012,
  author    = {Klocke, Martina},
  title     = {Projektmodul im Bachelorstudiengang Maschinenbau und Mechatronik},
  series = {VDI-Workshop Projektorientiertes und problem-basiertes Lernen (PBL) in der Ingenieurausbildung},
  booktitle = {VDI-Workshop Projektorientiertes und problem-basiertes Lernen (PBL) in der Ingenieurausbildung},
  pages     = {1 -- 25},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@misc{GollewskiLangeRingbecketal.2012,
  author    = {Gollewski, Torsten and Lange, Robert and Ringbeck, Thorsten and Hess, Holger and Buxbaum, Bernd},
  title     = {Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Laufzeitsensitiven Messung eines Signals [Offenlegungsschrift / Europ{\"a}ische Patentschrift]},
  publisher = {Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt / Europ{\"a}isches Patentamt},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen / Den Hague},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{KleinMuellerLieber2012,
  author    = {Klein, Hartmut Heinz and M{\"u}ller, Thomas and Lieber, Bettina},
  title     = {{\"A}nderung der Unternehmensform : Handbuch zum Umwandlungs- und Umwandlungssteuerrecht},
  edition   = {9. Aufl.},
  publisher = {Verl. Neue Wirtschafts-Briefe},
  address   = {Herne},
  isbn      = {978-3-482-42259-1},
  pages     = {XL, 585 S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Doeren2012,
  author    = {D{\"o}ren, Horst-Peter},
  title     = {F{\"u}getechnik, Schweißtechnik. Horst-Peter D{\"o}ren (Hrsg.).- 8., aktualis. und erw. Aufl.},
  publisher = {DVS Media},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  isbn      = {978-3-87155-999-0},
  pages     = {411 S.: Ill., graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{Naujokat2012,
  author    = {Naujokat, Anke},
  title     = {Leon Battista Alberti and the consonance of old and new},
  series = {Proceedings of the 2nd International conference of the European Architectural History Network, Brussels 31 May - 2 June 2012},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd International conference of the European Architectural History Network, Brussels 31 May - 2 June 2012},
  editor    = {Heynen, Hilde and Gosseye, Janina},
  publisher = {KVAB},
  address   = {Br{\"u}ssel},
  organization    = {European Architectural History Network},
  isbn      = {978-90-6569-102-6},
  pages     = {182 -- 184},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@book{Esch2012,
  author    = {Esch, Thomas},
  title     = {Experimentelle Untersuchungen an Antriebssystemen von Kraft-, Luft- und Raumfahrzeugen : Vorlesungsumdruck. 2. Aufl. Bd. 2},
  publisher = {Fachhochschule Aachen, Lehr- und Forschungsgebiet Thermodynamik und Verbrennungstechnik},
  address   = {Aachen},
  pages     = {Getr. Z{\"a}hlung : zahlr. Ill. und graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@techreport{VaessenOhmeManderscheid2012,
  author    = {Vaeßen, Christiane and Ohme, H. and Manderscheid, D.},
  title     = {Endbericht Projekt Immotherm : Vorhabensbezeichnung: KMU-innovativ-Verbundvorhaben "Einsatz immobilisierter Mikroorganismen zur Ent{\"o}lung und Entsalzung von Kondensatwasser bei hohen Prozesstemperaturen" : Laufzeit des Vorhabens: 01.03.2009-31.08.2011 : F{\"o}rderkennzeichen: 01LY0816A, 01LY0816B, 01LY0816C},
  pages     = {71 S. : zahlr. Ill. u. graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{MartiusMischke2012,
  author    = {Martius, Alexander and Mischke, Winfried},
  title     = {Die Vernehmung des Wohnungseigent{\"u}mers : wann ist der Wohnungseigent{\"u}mer als Partei, wann als Zeuge zu vernehmen?},
  series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r die Anwaltspraxis : ZAP},
  journal   = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r die Anwaltspraxis : ZAP},
  number    = {Fach 7},
  publisher = {ZAP Verlag},
  address   = {Bonn},
  issn      = {0936-7292},
  pages     = {431 -- 434},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{ReisgenSchleserSchoeneetal.2012,
  author    = {Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Schoene, Jens and Hegger, Josef and Gallwoszus, J{\"o}rg and Feldmann, Markus and Kopp, Maik and G{\"u}ndel, Max},
  title     = {Investigation on bond mechanisms of innovative small-scale shear connectors between steel and concrete},
  series = {Bond in concrete 2012. Vol. 2. Bond in new materials and under severe conditions},
  booktitle = {Bond in concrete 2012. Vol. 2. Bond in new materials and under severe conditions},
  editor    = {Cairns, John W.},
  publisher = {Publisher creations},
  address   = {Manerbio, Brescia},
  isbn      = {978-88-907078-3-4},
  pages     = {893 -- 898},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReisgenSchleserMokrovetal.2012,
  author    = {Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Mokrov, Oleg and Ahmed, Essam},
  title     = {Statistical modeling of laser welding of DP/TRIP steel sheets},
  series = {Optics and laser technology},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {Optics and laser technology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1879-2545 (E-Journal); 0030-3992 (Print); 0308-4280 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.optlastec.2011.05.025},
  pages     = {92 -- 101},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {In this research work, a statistical analysis of the CO2 laser beam welding of dual phase (DP600)/transformation induced plasticity (TRIP700) steel sheets was done using response surface methodology. The analysis considered the effect of laser power (2-2.2 kW), welding speed (40-50 mm/s) and focus position (-1 to 0 mm) on the heat input, the weld bead geometry, uniaxial tensile strength, formability limited dome height and welding operation cost. The experimental design was based on Box-Behnken design using linear and quadratic polynomial equations for predicting the mathematical models. The results indicate that the proposed models predict the responses adequately within the limits of welding parameters being used and the welding speed is the most significant parameter during the welding process.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReisgenSchleserMokrovetal.2012,
  author    = {Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Mokrov, Oleg and Ahmed, Essam},
  title     = {Optimization of laser welding of DP/TRIP steel sheets using statistical approach},
  series = {Optics and laser technology},
  volume    = {44},
  journal   = {Optics and laser technology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1879-2545 (E-Journal); 0030-3992 (Print); 0308-4280 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.optlastec.2011.06.028},
  pages     = {255 -- 262},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Generally, the quality of a weld joint is directly influenced by the welding input parameter settings. Selection of proper process parameters is important to obtain the desired weld bead profile and quality. In this research work, numerical and graphical optimization techniques of the CO2 laser beam welding of dual phase (DP600)/transformation induced plasticity (TRIP700) steel sheets were carried out using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design. The procedure was established to improve the weld quality, increase the productivity and minimize the total operation cost by considering the welding parameters range of laser power (2-2.2 kW), welding speed (40-50 mm/s) and focus position (-1 to 0 mm). It was found that, RSM can be considered as a powerful tool in experimental welding optimization, even when the experimenter does not have a model for the process. Strong, efficient and low cost weld joints could be achieved using the optimum welding conditions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReisgenOlschokJakobsetal.2012,
  author    = {Reisgen, Uwe and Olschok, Simon and Jakobs, Stefan and Schleser, Markus and Mokrov, Oleg and Rossiter, Eduardo},
  title     = {Laser beam submerged arc hybrid welding},
  series = {Physics procedia},
  volume    = {39},
  journal   = {Physics procedia},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  address   = {Amsterdam},
  issn      = {1875-3892},
  doi       = {10.1016/j.phpro.2012.10.016},
  pages     = {75 -- 83},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {The laser beam-submerged arc hybrid welding method originates from the knowledge that, with increasing penetration depth, the laser beam process has a tendency to pore formation in the lower weld regions. The coupling with the energy-efficient submerged-arc process improves degassing and reduces the tendency to pore formation. The high deposition rate of the SA process in combination with the laser beam process offers, providing the appropriate choice of weld preparation, the possibility of welding plates with a thickness larger than 20° mm in a single pass, and also of welding thicker plates with the double-sided single pass technique.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Fabo2012,
  author    = {Fabo, Sabine},
  title     = {Gef{\"a}hrliche Liebschaften : Kunst zwischen Wderstand und Umarmung},
  series = {Interventionen : Grenz{\"u}berschreitungen in {\"A}sthetik, Politik und {\"O}konomie},
  booktitle = {Interventionen : Grenz{\"u}berschreitungen in {\"A}sthetik, Politik und {\"O}konomie},
  editor    = {Hartmann, Doreen and [u.a.],},
  publisher = {Fink},
  address   = {M{\"u}nchen [u.a.]},
  isbn      = {978-3-7705-5283-2},
  pages     = {173 -- 189},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{HartmannKallweitFeldusenetal.2012,
  author    = {Hartmann, Axel and Kallweit, Stephan and Feldusen, Antje and Schr{\"o}der, Wolfgang},
  title     = {Detection of upstream propagating sound waves at buffet flow using high-speed PIV},
  pages     = {14 S. : graph. Darst.},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ReisgenSchleserThiele2012,
  author    = {Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Thiele, Regina},
  title     = {Schweißverbindungen in Lithium-Ionen-Batterien},
  series = {DVS Congress 2012 : Große Schweißtechnische Tagung, DVS-Studentenkongress ; Vortr{\"a}ge der Veranstaltungen in Saarbr{\"u}cken am 17. und 18. September 2012. (DVS-Berichte ; 286)},
  booktitle = {DVS Congress 2012 : Große Schweißtechnische Tagung, DVS-Studentenkongress ; Vortr{\"a}ge der Veranstaltungen in Saarbr{\"u}cken am 17. und 18. September 2012. (DVS-Berichte ; 286)},
  publisher = {DVS-Media},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  organization    = {Große Schweißtechnische Tagung <2012, Saarbr{\"u}cken> ; Deutscher Verband f{\"u}r Schweißen und Verwandte Verfahren},
  isbn      = {978-3-87155-593-0},
  pages     = {157 -- 161},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{ReisgenSchleserEssersetal.2012,
  author    = {Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Essers, Marc and Thiele, Regina and Schiebahn, Alexander},
  title     = {Klebstofffixiertes R{\"u}hrreibschweißen von d{\"u}nnen Aluminiumblechen},
  series = {DVS Congress 2012 : Große Schweißtechnische Tagung, DVS-Studentenkongress ; Vortr{\"a}ge der Veranstaltungen in Saarbr{\"u}cken am 17. und 18. September 2012. (DVS-Berichte ; 286)},
  booktitle = {DVS Congress 2012 : Große Schweißtechnische Tagung, DVS-Studentenkongress ; Vortr{\"a}ge der Veranstaltungen in Saarbr{\"u}cken am 17. und 18. September 2012. (DVS-Berichte ; 286)},
  publisher = {DVS-Media},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  organization    = {Große Schweißtechnische Tagung <2012, Saarbr{\"u}cken> ; Deutscher Verband f{\"u}r Schweißen und Verwandte Verfahren},
  isbn      = {978-3-87155-593-0},
  pages     = {20 -- 25},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ReisgenSchleserAbdurakhmanovetal.2012,
  author    = {Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Abdurakhmanov, Aydemir and Gumenyuk, Andrey},
  title     = {Measuring of plasma properties induced by non-vacuum electron beam welding},
  series = {Physics of plasma},
  volume    = {19},
  journal   = {Physics of plasma},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {AIP Publishing},
  address   = {Melville, NY},
  issn      = {1089-7674 (E-Journal); 1070-664X (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1063/1.3675874},
  pages     = {1 -- 7},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Electron beam plasma measurement was realised by means of DIABEAM system invented by ISF RWTH Aachen. The Langmuir probe method is used for measurement. The relative simplicity of the method and the possibility of dispersion of high power on the probe allow its application for the investigation of high-power electron beams. The key element of the method is a rotating thin tungsten wire, which intersects the beam transversely on its axis and collects part of the current by itself. The signals, which are registered in the DIABEAM as a voltage, were taken in the form of amplitude. The conversion of the probe current into the distribution along the beam radius was realised using the Abel's method. A voltage-current characteristic was built for the beam current. The local electron density as well as the electron temperature, the floating potential and the plasma potential were measured and calculated by means of this characteristic.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{ReisgenSchleserMokrovetal.2012,
  author    = {Reisgen, Uwe and Schleser, Markus and Mokrov, Oleg and Zabirov, Alexander and F{\"u}ssel, Uwe and Schnick, Michael and Hertel, Martin and Jaeckel, Sebastian},
  title     = {Modellierung und Visualisierung der MSG-Lichtbogenprozesse},
  series = {Schweissen und Schneiden : Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren},
  volume    = {64},
  journal   = {Schweissen und Schneiden : Fachzeitschrift f{\"u}r Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren},
  number    = {4},
  publisher = {DVS Verlag},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  issn      = {0036-7184},
  pages     = {166 -- 174},
  year      = {2012},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{ScheikSchleserReisgen2012,
  author    = {Scheik, Sven and Schleser, Markus and Reisgen, Uwe},
  title     = {Thermisches Direktf{\"u}gen von Metall und Kusntstoff: eine Alternative zur Klebtechnik},
  series = {Adh{\"a}sion : Kleben \& Dichten},
  volume    = {56},
  journal   = {Adh{\"a}sion : Kleben \& Dichten},
  number    = {11},
  publisher = {Springer Vieweg},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  issn      = {0001-8198 (E-Journal); 0001-8198 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1007/s35145-012-0005-x},
  pages     = {36 -- 40},
  year      = {2012},
  abstract  = {Im Rahmen des Exzellenzclusters „Integrative Produktionstechnik f{\"u}r Hochlohnl{\"a}nder" der RWTHAachen University werden derzeit alternative Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metall/Kunststoff- Verbindungen untersucht. Eines davon ist das thermische Direktf{\"u}gen, das eine stoffschl{\"u}ssige Verbindung zwischen Kunststoff und Metall erm{\"o}glicht und ohne die Verwendung von Klebstoffen, Haftvermittlern oder mechanischen Verbindungshilfen auskommt.},
  language  = {de}
}