@book{Heuermann2020,
  author    = {Heuermann, Holger},
  title     = {Mikrowellentechnik: Feldsimulation, nichtlineare Schaltungstechnik, Komponenten und Subsysteme, Plasmatechnik, Antennen und Ausbreitung},
  publisher = {Springer Vieweg},
  address   = {Wiesbaden},
  isbn      = {978-3-658-29023-8 (eBook)},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-658-29023-8},
  pages     = {Online-Ressource (XIV, 385 S. 374 Abb., 22 Abb. in Farbe)},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{ElgamalHeuermann2020,
  author    = {Elgamal, Abdelrahman and Heuermann, Holger},
  title     = {Design and Development of a Hot S-Parameter Measurement System for Plasma and Magnetron Applications},
  series = {Proceedings of the 2020 German Microwave Conference},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2020 German Microwave Conference},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  isbn      = {978-3-9820397-1-8},
  pages     = {124 -- 127},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {This paper presents the design, development and calibration procedures of a novel hot S-parameter measurement system for plasma and magnetron applications with power level up to 6 kW. Based on a vector network analyzer, a power amplifier and two directional couplers, the input matching hotS 11 and transmission hotS 21 of the device under test are measured at 2.45 GHz center frequency and 300MHz bandwidth, while the device is driven by the magnetron. This measurement system opens a new horizon to develop many new industrial applications such as microwave plasma jets, dryer systems, dryers and so forth. Furthermore, the developing, controlling and monitoring a 2kW 2.45GHz plasma jet and a dryer system using the measurement system are presented and explained.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{KirschMatareFerreinetal.2020,
  author    = {Kirsch, Maximilian and Matar{\´e}, Victor and Ferrein, Alexander and Schiffer, Stefan},
  title     = {Integrating golog++ and ROS for Practical and Portable High-level Control},
  series = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence - Volume 2},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence - Volume 2},
  publisher = {SciTePress},
  address   = {Set{\´u}bal, Portugal},
  doi       = {10.5220/0008984406920699},
  pages     = {692 -- 699},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The field of Cognitive Robotics aims at intelligent decision making of autonomous robots. It has matured over the last 25 or so years quite a bit. That is, a number of high-level control languages and architectures have emerged from the field. One concern in this regard is the action language GOLOG. GOLOG has been used in a rather large number of applications as a high-level control language ranging from intelligent service robots to soccer robots. For the lower level robot software, the Robot Operating System (ROS) has been around for more than a decade now and it has developed into the standard middleware for robot applications. ROS provides a large number of packages for standard tasks in robotics like localisation, navigation, and object recognition. Interestingly enough, only little work within ROS has gone into the high-level control of robots. In this paper, we describe our approach to marry the GOLOG action language with ROS. In particular, we present our architecture on inte grating golog++, which is based on the GOLOG dialect Readylog, with the Robot Operating System. With an example application on the Pepper service robot, we show how primitive actions can be easily mapped to the ROS ActionLib framework and present our control architecture in detail.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{HueningDeMatteis2020,
  author    = {H{\"u}ning, Felix and De Matteis, Stefan},
  title     = {Entwicklung eines taktilen HMI f{\"u}r sehbehinderte und blinde Nutzerinnen und Nutzer},
  series = {Blind - sehbehindert},
  volume    = {140},
  journal   = {Blind - sehbehindert},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Edition Bentheim},
  address   = {W{\"u}rzburg},
  issn      = {0176-7836},
  pages     = {9 -- 19},
  year      = {2020},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{DinghoferHartung2020,
  author    = {Dinghofer, Kai and Hartung, Frank},
  title     = {Analysis of Criteria for the Selection of Machine Learning Frameworks},
  series = {2020 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)},
  booktitle = {2020 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  doi       = {10.1109/ICNC47757.2020.9049650},
  pages     = {373 -- 377},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {With the many achievements of Machine Learning in the past years, it is likely that the sub-area of Deep Learning will continue to deliver major technological breakthroughs [1]. In order to achieve best results, it is important to know the various different Deep Learning frameworks and their respective properties. This paper provides a comparative overview of some of the most popular frameworks. First, the comparison methods and criteria are introduced and described with a focus on computer vision applications: Features and Uses are examined by evaluating papers and articles, Adoption and Popularity is determined by analyzing a data science study. Then, the frameworks TensorFlow, Keras, PyTorch and Caffe are compared based on the previously described criteria to highlight properties and differences. Advantages and disadvantages are compared, enabling researchers and developers to choose a framework according to their specific needs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RekePeterSchulteTiggesetal.2020,
  author    = {Reke, Michael and Peter, Daniel and Schulte-Tigges, Joschua and Schiffer, Stefan and Ferrein, Alexander and Walter, Thomas and Matheis, Dominik},
  title     = {A Self-Driving Car Architecture in ROS2},
  series = {2020 International SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA Conference, Cape Town, South Africa},
  booktitle = {2020 International SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA Conference, Cape Town, South Africa},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  address   = {New York, NY},
  isbn      = {978-1-7281-4162-6},
  doi       = {10.1109/SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA48453.2020.9041020},
  pages     = {1 -- 6},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {In this paper we report on an architecture for a self-driving car that is based on ROS2. Self-driving cars have to take decisions based on their sensory input in real-time, providing high reliability with a strong demand in functional safety. In principle, self-driving cars are robots. However, typical robot software, in general, and the previous version of the Robot Operating System (ROS), in particular, does not always meet these requirements. With the successor ROS2 the situation has changed and it might be considered as a solution for automated and autonomous driving. Existing robotic software based on ROS was not ready for safety critical applications like self-driving cars. We propose an architecture for using ROS2 for a self-driving car that enables safe and reliable real-time behaviour, but keeping the advantages of ROS such as a distributed architecture and standardised message types. First experiments with an automated real passenger car at lower and higher speed-levels show that our approach seems feasible for autonomous driving under the necessary real-time conditions.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Koehler2020,
  author    = {K{\"o}hler, Klemens},
  title     = {A conflict theory perspective of IT attacks - consequences for IT security education},
  number    = {Preprint},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Cyberspace is "the environment formed by physical and non-physical components to store, modify, and exchange data using computer networks" (NATO CCDCOE). Beyond that, it is an environment where people interact. IT attacks are hostile, non-cooperative interactions that can be described with conflict theory. Applying conflict theory to IT security leads to different objectives for end-user education, requiring different formats like agency-based competence developing games.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{KoehlerWolf2020,
  author    = {K{\"o}hler, Klemens and Wolf, Martin},
  title     = {Organisatorische Maßnahmen zu Erh{\"o}hung der IT Sicherheit - Empfehlungen aus der Perspektive der Konflikttheorie},
  number    = {Preprint},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Die NATO definiert den Cyberspace als die "Umgebung, die durch physische und nicht-physische Bestandteile zum Speichern, {\"A}ndern, und Austauschen von Daten mit Hilfe von Computer-Netzwerken" [NATO CCDCOE]. Dar{\"u}ber hinaus ist es ein Medium menschlicher Interaktion. IT Angriffe sind feindselige, nichtkooperative Interaktionen, die mittels Konflikttheorie beschrieben werden k{\"o}nnen. Durch die Anwendung dieses Gedankengeb{\"a}udes auf IT Sicherheit von Organisationen k{\"o}nnen eine Reihe von Verbesserungen in Unternehmen identifiziert werden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{KoehlerRoepkeWolf2021,
  author    = {K{\"o}hler, Klemens and R{\"o}pke, Ren{\´e} and Wolf, Martin},
  title     = {Through a mirror darkly - On the obscurity of teaching goals in game-based learning in IT security},
  series = {ISAGA 2019: Simulation Gaming Through Times and Disciplines},
  journal   = {ISAGA 2019: Simulation Gaming Through Times and Disciplines},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-72132-9_6},
  pages     = {61 -- 73},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {Teachers and instructors use very specific language communicating teaching goals. The most widely used frameworks of common reference are the Bloom's Taxonomy and the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy. The latter provides distinction of 209 different teaching goals which are connected to methods. In Competence Developing Games (CDGs - serious games to convey knowledge) and in IT security education, a two- or three level typology exists, reducing possible learning outcomes to awareness, training, and education. This study explores whether this much simpler framework succeeds in achieving the same range of learning outcomes. Method wise a keyword analysis was conducted. The results were threefold: 1. The words used to describe teaching goals in CDGs on IT security education do not reflect the whole range of learning outcomes. 2. The word choice is nevertheless different from common language, indicating an intentional use of language. 3. IT security CDGs use different sets of terms to describe learning outcomes, depending on whether they are awareness, training, or education games. The interpretation of the findings is that the reduction to just three types of CDGs reduces the capacity to communicate and think about learning outcomes and consequently reduces the outcomes that are intentionally achieved.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{FingerKhalsaKreyeretal.2019,
  author    = {Finger, Felix and Khalsa, R. and Kreyer, J{\"o}rg and Mayntz, Joscha and Braun, Carsten and Dahmann, Peter and Esch, Thomas and Kemper, Hans and Schmitz, O. and Bragard, Michael},
  title     = {An approach to propulsion system modelling for the conceptual design of hybrid-electric general aviation aircraft},
  series = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2019, 30.9.-2.10.2019, Darmstadt},
  booktitle = {Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2019, 30.9.-2.10.2019, Darmstadt},
  pages     = {15 Seiten},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {In this paper, an approach to propulsion system modelling for hybrid-electric general aviation aircraft is presented. Because the focus is on general aviation aircraft, only combinations of electric motors and reciprocating combustion engines are explored. Gas turbine hybrids will not be considered. The level of the component's models is appropriate for the conceptual design stage. They are simple and adaptable, so that a wide range of designs with morphologically different propulsive system architectures can be quickly compared. Modelling strategies for both mass and efficiency of each part of the propulsion system (engine, motor, battery and propeller) will be presented.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{MuellerAltherrAholaetal.2018,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Tim M. and Altherr, Lena and Ahola, Marja and Schabel, Samuel and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Optimizing pressure screen systems in paper recycling: optimal system layout, component selection and operation},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-18499-5},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-18500-8_44},
  pages     = {355 -- 361},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Around 60\% of the paper worldwide is made from recovered paper. Especially adhesive contaminants, so called stickies, reduce paper quality. To remove stickies but at the same time keep as many valuable fibers as possible, multi-stage screening systems with several interconnected pressure screens are used. When planning such systems, suitable screens have to be selected and their interconnection as well as operational parameters have to be defined considering multiple conflicting objectives. In this contribution, we present a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Program to optimize system layout, component selection and operation to find a suitable trade-off between output quality and yield.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{Huening2021,
  author    = {H{\"u}ning, Felix},
  title     = {Sustainable changes beyond covid-19 for a second semester physics course for electrical engineering students},
  series = {Blended Learning in Engineering Education: challenging, enlightening - and lasting?},
  booktitle = {Blended Learning in Engineering Education: challenging, enlightening - and lasting?},
  isbn      = {978-2-87352-023-6},
  pages     = {1424 -- 1428},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The course Physics for Electrical Engineering is part of the curriculum of the bachelor program Electrical Engineering at University of Applied Science Aachen. Before covid-19 the course was conducted in a rather traditional way with all parts (lecture, exercise and lab) face-to-face. This teaching approach changed fundamentally within a week when the covid-19 limitations forced all courses to distance learning. All parts of the course were transformed to pure distance learning including synchronous and asynchronous parts for the lecture, live online-sessions for the exercises and self-paced labs at home. Using these methods, the course was able to impart the required knowledge and competencies. Taking the teacher's observations of the student's learning behaviour and engagement, the formal and informal feedback of the students and the results of the exams into account, the new methods are evaluated with respect to effectiveness, sustainability and suitability for competence transfer. Based on this analysis strong and weak points of the concept and countermeasures to solve the weak points were identified. The analysis further leads to a sustainable teaching approach combining synchronous and asynchronous parts with self-paced learning times that can be used in a very flexible manner for different learning scenarios, pure online, hybrid (mixture of online and presence times) and pure presence teaching.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{LeiseEsserEichenlaubetal.2021,
  author    = {Leise, Philipp and Eßer, Arved and Eichenlaub, Tobias and Schleiffer, Jean-Eric and Altherr, Lena and Rinderknecht, Stephan and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Sustainable system design of electric powertrains - comparison of optimization methods},
  series = {Engineering Optimization},
  journal   = {Engineering Optimization},
  publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {0305-215X},
  doi       = {10.1080/0305215X.2021.1928660},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {The transition within transportation towards battery electric vehicles can lead to a more sustainable future. To account for the development goal 'climate action' stated by the United Nations, it is mandatory, within the conceptual design phase, to derive energy-efficient system designs. One barrier is the uncertainty of the driving behaviour within the usage phase. This uncertainty is often addressed by using a stochastic synthesis process to derive representative driving cycles and by using cycle-based optimization. To deal with this uncertainty, a new approach based on a stochastic optimization program is presented. This leads to an optimization model that is solved with an exact solver. It is compared to a system design approach based on driving cycles and a genetic algorithm solver. Both approaches are applied to find efficient electric powertrains with fixed-speed and multi-speed transmissions. Hence, the similarities, differences and respective advantages of each optimization procedure are discussed.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{LeiseBreuerAltherretal.2020,
  author    = {Leise, Philipp and Breuer, Tim and Altherr, Lena and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Development, validation and assessment of a resilient pumping system},
  series = {Proceedings of the Joint International Resilience Conference, JIRC2020},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Joint International Resilience Conference, JIRC2020},
  isbn      = {978-90-365-5095-6},
  pages     = {97 -- 100},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {The development of resilient technical systems is a challenging task, as the system should adapt automatically to unknown disturbances and component failures. To evaluate different approaches for deriving resilient technical system designs, we developed a modular test rig that is based on a pumping system. On the basis of this example system, we present metrics to quantify resilience and an algorithmic approach to improve resilience. This approach enables the pumping system to automatically react on unknown disturbances and to reduce the impact of component failures. In this case, the system is able to automatically adapt its topology by activating additional valves. This enables the system to still reach a minimum performance, even in case of failures. Furthermore, timedependent disturbances are evaluated continuously, deviations from the original state are automatically detected and anticipated in the future. This allows to reduce the impact of future disturbances and leads to a more resilient system behaviour.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{LorenzAltherrPelz2019,
  author    = {Lorenz, Imke-Sophie B. and Altherr, Lena and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Graph-theoretic resilience analysis of a water distribution system's topology},
  series = {World Congress on Resilience, Reliability and Asset Management 2019},
  booktitle = {World Congress on Resilience, Reliability and Asset Management 2019},
  pages     = {106 -- 109},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {Water suppliers are faced with the great challenge of achieving high-quality and, at the same time, low-cost water supply. In practice, the focus is set on the most beneficial maintenance measures and/or capacity adaptations of existing water distribution systems (WDS). Since climatic and demographic influences will pose further challenges in the future, the resilience enhancement of WDS, i.e. the enhancement of their capability to withstand and recover from disturbances, has been in particular focus recently. To assess the resilience of WDS, metrics based on graph theory have been proposed. In this study, a promising approach is applied to assess the resilience of the WDS for a district in a major German City. The conducted analysis provides insight into the process of actively influencing the resilience of WDS},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AltherrEdererLorenzetal.2014,
  author    = {Altherr, Lena and Ederer, Thorsten and Lorenz, Ulf and Pelz, Peter F. and P{\"o}ttgen, Philipp},
  title     = {Experimental validation of an enhanced system synthesis approach},
  series = {Operations Research Proceedings 2014},
  journal   = {Operations Research Proceedings 2014},
  editor    = {L{\"u}bbecke, Marco and Koster, Arie and Letmathe, Peter and Madlener, Reihard and Peis, Britta and Walther, Grit},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Basel},
  isbn      = {978-3-319-28695-2},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-319-28697-6_1},
  pages     = {6},
  year      = {2014},
  abstract  = {Planning the layout and operation of a technical system is a common task for an engineer. Typically, the workflow is divided into consecutive stages: First, the engineer designs the layout of the system, with the help of his experience or of heuristic methods. Secondly, he finds a control strategy which is often optimized by simulation. This usually results in a good operating of an unquestioned sys- tem topology. In contrast, we apply Operations Research (OR) methods to find a cost-optimal solution for both stages simultaneously via mixed integer program- ming (MILP). Technical Operations Research (TOR) allows one to find a provable global optimal solution within the model formulation. However, the modeling error due to the abstraction of physical reality remains unknown. We address this ubiq- uitous problem of OR methods by comparing our computational results with mea- surements in a test rig. For a practical test case we compute a topology and control strategy via MILP and verify that the objectives are met up to a deviation of 8.7\%.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{VergePoettgenAltherretal.2016,
  author    = {Verg{\´e}, Angela and P{\"o}ttgen, Philipp and Altherr, Lena and Ederer, Thorsten and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Lebensdauer als Optimierungsziel: Algorithmische Struktursynthese am Beispiel eines hydrostatischen Getriebes},
  series = {O+P - {\"O}lhydraulik und Pneumatik},
  volume    = {60},
  journal   = {O+P - {\"O}lhydraulik und Pneumatik},
  number    = {1-2},
  editor    = {Greuloch, Ivo and Weber, Manfred and Meier, Miles},
  publisher = {Vereinigte Fachverl.},
  address   = {Mainz},
  issn      = {1614-9602},
  pages     = {114 -- 121},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Verf{\"u}gbarkeit und Nachhaltigkeit sind wichtige Anforderungen bei der Planung langlebiger technischer Systeme. Meist werden bei Lebensdaueroptimierungen lediglich einzelne Komponenten vordefinierter Systeme untersucht. Ob eine optimale Lebensdauer eine g{\"a}nzlich andere Systemvariante bedingt, wird nur selten hinterfragt. Technical Operations Research (TOR) erlaubt es, aus Obermengen technischer Systeme automatisiert die lebensdaueroptimale Systemstruktur auszuw{\"a}hlen. Der Artikel zeigt dies am Beispiel eines hydrostatischen Getriebes.},
  language  = {de}
}
@article{SunAltherrPeietal.2018,
  author    = {Sun, Hui and Altherr, Lena and Pei, Ji and Pelz, Peter F. and Yuan, Shouqi},
  title     = {Optimal booster station design and operation under uncertain load},
  series = {Applied Mechanics and Materials},
  volume    = {885},
  journal   = {Applied Mechanics and Materials},
  publisher = {Trans Tech Publications},
  address   = {B{\"a}ch},
  issn      = {1662-7482},
  doi       = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.885.102},
  pages     = {102 -- 115},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Given industrial applications, the costs for the operation and maintenance of a pump system typically far exceed its purchase price. For finding an optimal pump configuration which minimizes not only investment, but life-cycle costs, methods like Technical Operations Research which is based on Mixed-Integer Programming can be applied. However, during the planning phase, the designer is often faced with uncertain input data, e.g. future load demands can only be estimated. In this work, we deal with this uncertainty by developing a chance-constrained two-stage (CCTS) stochastic program. The design and operation of a booster station working under uncertain load demand are optimized to minimize total cost including purchase price, operation cost incurred by energy consumption and penalty cost resulting from water shortage. We find optimized system layouts using a sample average approximation (SAA) algorithm, and analyze the results for different risk levels of water shortage. By adjusting the risk level, the costs and performance range of the system can be balanced, and thus the system's resilience can be engineered},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{LeiseAltherr2018,
  author    = {Leise, Philipp and Altherr, Lena},
  title     = {Optimizing the design and control of decentralized water supply systems - a case-study of a hotel building},
  series = {EngOpt 2018 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Engineering Optimization},
  booktitle = {EngOpt 2018 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Engineering Optimization},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-319-97773-7},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-319-97773-7_107},
  pages     = {1241 -- 1252},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {To increase pressure to supply all floors of high buildings with water, booster stations, normally consisting of several parallel pumps in the basement, are used. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of a decentralized pump topology regarding energy savings in water supply systems of skyscrapers. We present an approach, based on Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming, that allows to choose an optimal network topology and optimal pumps from a predefined construction kit comprising different pump types. Using domain-specific scaling laws and Latin Hypercube Sampling, we generate different input sets of pump types and compare their impact on the efficiency and cost of the total system design. As a realistic application example, we consider a hotel building with 325 rooms, 12 floors and up to four pressure zones.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{StengerAltherrMuelleretal.2018,
  author    = {Stenger, David and Altherr, Lena and M{\"u}ller, Tankred and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Product family design optimization using model-based engineering techniques},
  series = {Operations Research Proceedings 2017},
  booktitle = {Operations Research Proceedings 2017},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-319-89919-0},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-319-89920-6_66},
  pages     = {495 -- 502},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Highly competitive markets paired with tremendous production volumes demand particularly cost efficient products. The usage of common parts and modules across product families can potentially reduce production costs. Yet, increasing commonality typically results in overdesign of individual products. Multi domain virtual prototyping enables designers to evaluate costs and technical feasibility of different single product designs at reasonable computational effort in early design phases. However, savings by platform commonality are hard to quantify and require detailed knowledge of e.g. the production process and the supply chain. Therefore, we present and evaluate a multi-objective metamodel-based optimization algorithm which enables designers to explore the trade-off between high commonality and cost optimal design of single products.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AltherrBroetzDietrichetal.2018,
  author    = {Altherr, Lena and Br{\"o}tz, Nicolas and Dietrich, Ingo and Gally, Tristan and Geßner, Felix and Kloberdanz, Hermann and Leise, Philipp and Pelz, Peter Franz and Schlemmer, Pia and Schmitt, Andreas},
  title     = {Resilience in mechanical engineering - a concept for controlling uncertainty during design, production and usage phase of load-carrying structures},
  series = {Applied Mechanics and Materials},
  volume    = {885},
  journal   = {Applied Mechanics and Materials},
  publisher = {Trans Tech Publications},
  address   = {B{\"a}ch},
  isbn      = {1662-7482},
  doi       = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.885.187},
  pages     = {187 -- 198},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Resilience as a concept has found its way into different disciplines to describe the ability of an individual or system to withstand and adapt to changes in its environment. In this paper, we provide an overview of the concept in different communities and extend it to the area of mechanical engineering. Furthermore, we present metrics to measure resilience in technical systems and illustrate them by applying them to load-carrying structures. By giving application examples from the Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 805, we show how the concept of resilience can be used to control uncertainty during different stages of product life.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{LeiseAltherrPelz2018,
  author    = {Leise, Philipp and Altherr, Lena and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Technical Operations Research (TOR) - Algorithms, not Engineers, Design Optimal Energy Efficient and Resilient Cooling Systems},
  series = {FAN2018 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Fan Noise, Aerodynamics, Applications and Systems},
  booktitle = {FAN2018 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Fan Noise, Aerodynamics, Applications and Systems},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The overall energy efficiency of ventilation systems can be improved by considering not only single components, but by considering as well the interplay between every part of the system. With the help of the method "TOR" ("Technical Operations Research"), which was developed at the Chair of Fluid Systems at TU Darmstadt, it is possible to improve the energy efficiency of the whole system by considering all possible design choices programmatically. We show the ability of this systematic design approach with a ventilation system for buildings as a use case example. Based on a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Program (MINLP) we model the ventilation system. We use binary variables to model the selection of different pipe diameters. Multiple fans are model with the help of scaling laws. The whole system is represented by a graph, where the edges represent the pipes and fans and the nodes represents the source of air for cooling and the sinks, that have to be cooled. At the beginning, the human designer chooses a construction kit of different suitable fans and pipes of different diameters and different load cases. These boundary conditions define a variety of different possible system topologies. It is not possible to consider all topologies by hand. With the help of state of the art solvers, on the other side, it is possible to solve this MINLP. Next to this, we also consider the effects of malfunctions in different components. Therefore, we show a first approach to measure the resilience of the shown example use case. Further, we compare the conventional approach with designs that are more resilient. These more resilient designs are derived by extending the before mentioned model with further constraints, that consider explicitly the resilience of the overall system. We show that it is possible to design resilient systems with this method already in the early design stage and compare the energy efficiency and resilience of these different system designs.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{AltherrDoerigEdereretal.2017,
  author    = {Altherr, Lena and D{\"o}rig, Bastian and Ederer, Thorsten and Pelz, Peter Franz and Pfetsch, Marc and Wolf, Jan},
  title     = {A mixed-integer nonlinear program for the design of gearboxes},
  series = {Operations Research Proceedings 2016},
  booktitle = {Operations Research Proceedings 2016},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-319-55701-4},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-319-55702-1_31},
  pages     = {227 -- 233},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Gearboxes are mechanical transmission systems that provide speed and torque conversions from a rotating power source. Being a central element of the drive train, they are relevant for the efficiency and durability of motor vehicles. In this work, we present a new approach for gearbox design: Modeling the design problem as a mixed-integer nonlinear program (MINLP) allows us to create gearbox designs from scratch for arbitrary requirements and—given enough time—to compute provably globally optimal designs for a given objective. We show how different degrees of freedom influence the runtime and present an exemplary solution.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{LeiseAltherrPelz2018,
  author    = {Leise, Philipp and Altherr, Lena and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Energy-Efficient design of a water supply system for skyscrapers by mixed-integer nonlinear programming},
  series = {Operations Research Proceedings 2017},
  booktitle = {Operations Research Proceedings 2017},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-319-89919-0},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-319-89920-6_63},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The energy-efficiency of technical systems can be improved by a systematic design approach. Technical Operations Research (TOR) employs methods known from Operations Research to find a global optimal layout and operation strategy of technical systems. We show the practical usage of this approach by the systematic design of a decentralized water supply system for skyscrapers. All possible network options and operation strategies are modeled by a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Program. We present the optimal system found by our approach and highlight the energy savings compared to a conventional system design.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AltherrPelzEdereretal.2017,
  author    = {Altherr, Lena and Pelz, Peter F. and Ederer, Thorsten and Pfetsch, Marc E.},
  title     = {Optimale Getriebe auf Knopfdruck: Gemischt-ganzzahlige nichtlineare Optimierung zur Entscheidungsunterst{\"u}tzung bei der Auslegung von Getrieben f{\"u}r Kraftfahrzeuge},
  series = {Antriebstechnisches Kolloquium ATK 2017},
  booktitle = {Antriebstechnisches Kolloquium ATK 2017},
  editor    = {Jacobs, Georg},
  isbn      = {9783743148970},
  pages     = {313 -- 325},
  year      = {2017},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{RauschFriesenAltherretal.2018,
  author    = {Rausch, Lea and Friesen, John and Altherr, Lena and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Using mixed-integer programming for the optimal design of water supply networks for slums},
  series = {Operations Research Proceedings 2017},
  booktitle = {Operations Research Proceedings 2017},
  editor    = {Kliewer, Natalia and Ehmke, Jan Fabian and Bornd{\"o}rfer, Ralf},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-319-89919-0 (Print)},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-319-89920-6_68},
  pages     = {509 -- 516},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {The UN sets the goal to ensure access to water and sanitation for all people by 2030. To address this goal, we present a multidisciplinary approach for designing water supply networks for slums in large cities by applying mathematical optimization. The problem is modeled as a mixed-integer linear problem (MILP) aiming to find a network describing the optimal supply infrastructure. To illustrate the approach, we apply it on a small slum cluster in Dhaka, Bangladesh.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{RauschLeiseEdereretal.2016,
  author    = {Rausch, Lea and Leise, Philipp and Ederer, Thorsten and Altherr, Lena and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {A comparison of MILP and MINLP solver performance on the example of a drinking water supply system design problem},
  series = {ECCOMAS Congress 2016 VII European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering},
  booktitle = {ECCOMAS Congress 2016 VII European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering},
  editor    = {Papadrakakis, M. and Ppadopoulos, V. and Stefanou, G. and Plevris, V.},
  isbn      = {978-618-82844-0-1},
  pages     = {8509 -- 8527},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Finding a good system topology with more than a handful of components is a highly non-trivial task. The system needs to be able to fulfil all expected load cases, but at the same time the components should interact in an energy-efficient way. An example for a system design problem is the layout of the drinking water supply of a residential building. It may be reasonable to choose a design of spatially distributed pumps which are connected by pipes in at least two dimensions. This leads to a large variety of possible system topologies. To solve such problems in a reasonable time frame, the nonlinear technical characteristics must be modelled as simple as possible, while still achieving a sufficiently good representation of reality. The aim of this paper is to compare the speed and reliability of a selection of leading mathematical programming solvers on a set of varying model formulations. This gives us empirical evidence on what combinations of model formulations and solver packages are the means of choice with the current state of the art.},
  language  = {en}
}
@book{Altherr2016,
  author    = {Altherr, Lena},
  title     = {Algorithmic System Design under Consideration of Dynamic Processes},
  publisher = {Shaker},
  address   = {Aachen},
  isbn      = {978-3-8440-4848-3},
  pages     = {94},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Nach Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik werden Komponenten hinsichtlich ihrer Eigenschaften, wie Lebensdauer oder Energieeffizienz, optimiert. Allerdings k{\"o}nnen selbst hervorragende Komponenten zu ineffizienten oder instabilen Systemen f{\"u}hren, wenn ihr Zusammenspiel nur unzureichend ber{\"u}cksichtigt wird. Eine Systembetrachtung schafft ein gr{\"o}ßeres Optimierungspotential - dem erh{\"o}hten Potential steht jedoch auch ein erh{\"o}hter Komplexit{\"a}tsgrad gegen{\"u}ber. Die vorliegende Arbeit ist im Rahmen des Sonderforschungsbereichs 805 entstanden, dessen Ziel die Beherrschung von Unsicherheit in Systemen des Maschinenbaus ist. Die Arbeit zeigt anhand eines realen Systems aus dem Bereich der Hydraulik, wie Unsicherheit in der Entwicklungsphase beherrscht werden kann. Hierbei ist neu, dass die durch den sp{\"a}teren Betrieb zu erwartende Systemdegradation eines jeden m{\"o}glichen Systemvorschlags antizipiert werden kann. Dadurch k{\"o}nnen Betriebs- und Wartungskosten vorausgesagt und minimiert werden und durch eine optimale Betriebs- und Wartungsstrategie die Verf{\"u}gbarkeit des Systems garantiert werden. Wesentliche Fragen bei der optimalen Auslegung des betrachteten hydrostatischen Getriebes sind dessen physikalische Modellierung, die Darstellung des Optimierungsproblems als gemischt-ganzzahliges lineares Programm, und dessen algorithmische Behandlung zur L{\"o}sungsfindung. Hierzu werden Heuristiken zum schnelleren Auffinden sinnvoller Systemtopologien vorgestellt und mittels mathematischer Dekomposition eine Bewertung des dynamischen Verschleiß- und Wartungsverlaufs m{\"o}glicher Systemvorschl{\"a}ge vorgenommen. Die Arbeit stellt die Optimierung technischer Systeme an der Schnittstelle von Mathematik, Informatik und Ingenieurwesen sowohl gr{\"u}ndlich als auch anschaulich und nachvollziehbar dar.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{AltherrEdererLorenzetal.2016,
  author    = {Altherr, Lena and Ederer, Thorsten and Lorenz, Ulf and Pelz, Peter F. and P{\"o}ttgen, Philipp},
  title     = {Designing a feedback control system via mixed-integer programming},
  series = {Operations Research Proceedings 2014: Selected Papers of the Annual International Conference of the German Operations Research},
  booktitle = {Operations Research Proceedings 2014: Selected Papers of the Annual International Conference of the German Operations Research},
  editor    = {L{\"u}bbecke, Marco E. and Koster, Arie and Letmathe, Peter and Madlener, Reihard and Preis, Britta and Walther, Grit},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-319-28695-2},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-319-28697-6_18},
  pages     = {121 -- 127},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Pure analytical or experimental methods can only find a control strategy for technical systems with a fixed setup. In former contributions we presented an approach that simultaneously finds the optimal topology and the optimal open-loop control of a system via Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). In order to extend this approach by a closed-loop control we present a Mixed Integer Program for a time discretized tank level control. This model is the basis for an extension by combinatorial decisions and thus for the variation of the network topology. Furthermore, one is able to appraise feasible solutions using the global optimality gap.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{RauschFriesenAltherretal.2018,
  author    = {Rausch, Lea and Friesen, John and Altherr, Lena and Meck, Marvin and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {A holistic concept to design optimal water supply infrastructures for informal settlements using remote sensing data},
  series = {Remote Sensing},
  volume    = {10},
  journal   = {Remote Sensing},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {MDPI},
  address   = {Basel},
  isbn      = {2072-4292},
  doi       = {10.3390/rs10020216},
  pages     = {1 -- 23},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Ensuring access to water and sanitation for all is Goal No. 6 of the 17 UN Sustainability Development Goals to transform our world. As one step towards this goal, we present an approach that leverages remote sensing data to plan optimal water supply networks for informal urban settlements. The concept focuses on slums within large urban areas, which are often characterized by a lack of an appropriate water supply. We apply methods of mathematical optimization aiming to find a network describing the optimal supply infrastructure. Hereby, we choose between different decentral and central approaches combining supply by motorized vehicles with supply by pipe systems. For the purposes of illustration, we apply the approach to two small slum clusters in Dhaka and Dar es Salaam. We show our optimization results, which represent the lowest cost water supply systems possible. Additionally, we compare the optimal solutions of the two clusters (also for varying input parameters, such as population densities and slum size development over time) and describe how the result of the optimization depends on the entered remote sensing data.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AltherrEdererPfetschetal.2018,
  author    = {Altherr, Lena and Ederer, Thorsten and Pfetsch, Marc E. and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Maschinelles Design eines optimalen Getriebes},
  series = {ATZ - Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift},
  volume    = {120},
  journal   = {ATZ - Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift},
  number    = {10},
  publisher = {Springer Nature},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {2192-8800},
  doi       = {10.1007/s35148-018-0131-3},
  pages     = {72 -- 77},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Nahezu 100.000 denkbare Strukturen kann ein Getriebe bei gleicher Funktion aufweisen - je nach Ganganzahl und gefordertem Freiheitsgrad. Mit dem traditionellen Ansatz bei der Entwicklung, einzelne vielversprechende Systemkonfigurationen manuell zu identifizieren und zu vergleichen, k{\"o}nnen leicht innovative und vor allem kostenminimale L{\"o}sungen {\"u}bersehen werden. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts hat die TU Darmstadt spezielle Optimierungsmethoden angewendet, um auch bei großen L{\"o}sungsr{\"a}umen zielsicher ein f{\"u}r die individuellen Zielstellungen optimales Layout zu finden.},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{MuellerAltherrAholaetal.2019,
  author    = {M{\"u}ller, Tim M. and Altherr, Lena and Ahola, Marja and Schabel, Samuel and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Multi-Criteria optimization of pressure screen systems in paper recycling - balancing quality, yield, energy consumption and system complexity},
  series = {EngOpt 2018 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Engineering Optimization},
  booktitle = {EngOpt 2018 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Engineering Optimization},
  editor    = {Rodrigues, H. C.},
  publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
  address   = {Basel},
  isbn      = {978-3-319-97773-7},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-319-97773-7_105},
  year      = {2019},
  abstract  = {The paper industry is the industry with the third highest energy consumption in the European Union. Using recycled paper instead of fresh fibers for papermaking is less energy consuming and saves resources. However, adhesive contaminants in recycled paper are particularly problematic since they reduce the quality of the resulting paper-product. To remove as many contaminants and at the same time obtain as many valuable fibres as possible, fine screening systems, consisting of multiple interconnected pressure screens, are used. Choosing the best configuration is a non-trivial task: The screens can be interconnected in several ways, and suitable screen designs as well as operational parameters have to be selected. Additionally, one has to face conflicting objectives. In this paper, we present an approach for the multi-criteria optimization of pressure screen systems based on Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming. We specifically focus on a clear representation of the trade-off between different objectives.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AltherrJoggerstLeiseetal.2018,
  author    = {Altherr, Lena and Joggerst, Laura and Leise, Philipp and Pfetsch, Marc E. and Schmitt, Andreas and Wendt, Janine},
  title     = {On obligations in the development process of resilient systems with algorithmic design methods},
  series = {Applied Mechanics and Materials},
  volume    = {885},
  journal   = {Applied Mechanics and Materials},
  number    = {885},
  publisher = {Trans Tech Publications},
  address   = {B{\"a}ch},
  isbn      = {1662-7482},
  doi       = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.885.240},
  pages     = {240 -- 252},
  year      = {2018},
  abstract  = {Advanced computational methods are needed both for the design of large systems and to compute high accuracy solutions. Such methods are efficient in computation, but the validation of results is very complex, and highly skilled auditors are needed to verify them. We investigate legal questions concerning obligations in the development phase, especially for technical systems developed using advanced methods. In particular, we consider methods of resilient and robust optimization. With these techniques, high performance solutions can be found, despite a high variety of input parameters. However, given the novelty of these methods, it is uncertain whether legal obligations are being met. The aim of this paper is to discuss if and how the choice of a specific computational method affects the developer's product liability. The review of legal obligations in this paper is based on German law and focuses on the requirements that must be met during the design and development process.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AltherrEdererSchaenzleetal.2017,
  author    = {Altherr, Lena and Ederer, Thorsten and Sch{\"a}nzle, Christian and Lorenz, Ulf and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Algorithmic system design using scaling and affinity laws},
  series = {Operations Research Proceedings 2015},
  booktitle = {Operations Research Proceedings 2015},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-319-42901-4},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-319-42902-1},
  pages     = {605 -- 611},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {Energy-efficient components do not automatically lead to energy-efficient systems. Technical Operations Research (TOR) shifts the focus from the single component to the system as a whole and finds its optimal topology and operating strategy simultaneously. In previous works, we provided a preselected construction kit of suitable components for the algorithm. This approach may give rise to a combinatorial explosion if the preselection cannot be cut down to a reasonable number by human intuition. To reduce the number of discrete decisions, we integrate laws derived from similarity theory into the optimization model. Since the physical characteristics of a production series are similar, it can be described by affinity and scaling laws. Making use of these laws, our construction kit can be modeled more efficiently: Instead of a preselection of components, it now encompasses whole model ranges. This allows us to significantly increase the number of possible set-ups in our model. In this paper, we present how to embed this new formulation into a mixed-integer program and assess the run time via benchmarks. We present our approach on the example of a ventilation system design problem.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AltherrEdererVergeetal.2015,
  author    = {Altherr, Lena and Ederer, Thorsten and Verg{\´e}, Angela and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Algorithmische Struktursynthese eines hydrostatischen Getriebes},
  series = {Antriebssysteme 2015 : Elektrik, Mechanik, Fluidtechnik in der Anwendung},
  booktitle = {Antriebssysteme 2015 : Elektrik, Mechanik, Fluidtechnik in der Anwendung},
  publisher = {VDI-Verlag},
  address   = {D{\"u}sseldorf},
  isbn      = {978-3-18-092268-3},
  pages     = {145 -- 155},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{SchaenzleAltherrEdereretal.2015,
  author    = {Sch{\"a}nzle, Christian and Altherr, Lena and Ederer, Thorsten and Lorenz, Ulf and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {As good as it can be: Ventilation system design by a combined scaling and discrete optimization method},
  series = {Proceedings of FAN 2015},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of FAN 2015},
  pages     = {1 -- 11},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The understanding that optimized components do not automatically lead to energy-efficient systems sets the attention from the single component on the entire technical system. At TU Darmstadt, a new field of research named Technical Operations Research (TOR) has its origin. It combines mathematical and technical know-how for the optimal design of technical systems. We illustrate our optimization approach in a case study for the design of a ventilation system with the ambition to minimize the energy consumption for a temporal distribution of diverse load demands. By combining scaling laws with our optimization methods we find the optimal combination of fans and show the advantage of the use of multiple fans.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PoettgenEdererAltherretal.2015,
  author    = {P{\"o}ttgen, Philipp and Ederer, Thorsten and Altherr, Lena and Lorenz, Ulf and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Examination and optimization of a heating circuit for energy-efficient buildings},
  series = {Energy Technology},
  volume    = {4},
  journal   = {Energy Technology},
  number    = {1},
  publisher = {WILEY-VCH Verlag},
  address   = {Weinheim},
  isbn      = {2194-4296},
  doi       = {10.1002/ente.201500252},
  pages     = {136 -- 144},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {The conference center darmstadtium in Darmstadt is a prominent example of energy efficient buildings. Its heating system consists of different source and consumer circuits connected by a Zortstr{\"o}m reservoir. Our goal was to reduce the energy costs of the system as much as possible. Therefore, we analyzed its supply circuits. The first step towards optimization is a complete examination of the system: 1) Compilation of an object list for the system, 2) collection of the characteristic curves of the components, and 3) measurement of the load profiles of the heat and volume-flow demand. Instead of modifying the system manually and testing the solution by simulation, the second step was the creation of a global optimization program. The objective was to minimize the total energy costs for one year. We compare two different topologies and show opportunities for significant savings.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{AltherrEdererFarnetaneetal.2017,
  author    = {Altherr, Lena and Ederer, Thorsten and Farnetane, Lucas S. and P{\"o}ttgen, Philipp and Verg{\´e}, Angela and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Multicriterial design of a hydrostatic transmission system via mixed-integer programming},
  series = {Operations Research Proceedings 2015},
  booktitle = {Operations Research Proceedings 2015},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-319-42901-4},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-319-42902-1_41},
  pages     = {301 -- 307},
  year      = {2017},
  abstract  = {In times of planned obsolescence the demand for sustainability keeps growing. Ideally, a technical system is highly reliable, without failures and down times due to fast wear of single components. At the same time, maintenance should preferably be limited to pre-defined time intervals. Dispersion of load between multiple components can increase a system's reliability and thus its availability inbetween maintenance points. However, this also results in higher investment costs and additional efforts due to higher complexity. Given a specific load profile and resulting wear of components, it is often unclear which system structure is the optimal one. Technical Operations Research (TOR) finds an optimal structure balancing availability and effort. We present our approach by designing a hydrostatic transmission system.},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{AltherrEdererPoettgenetal.2015,
  author    = {Altherr, Lena and Ederer, Thorsten and P{\"o}ttgen, Philipp and Lorenz, Ulf and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Multicriterial optimization of technical systems considering multiple load and availability scenarios},
  series = {Applied Mechanics and Materials},
  volume    = {807},
  journal   = {Applied Mechanics and Materials},
  editor    = {Pelz, Peter F. and Groche, Peter},
  isbn      = {1660-9336},
  doi       = {10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.807.247},
  pages     = {247 -- 256},
  year      = {2015},
  abstract  = {Cheap does not imply cost-effective -- this is rule number one of zeitgeisty system design. The initial investment accounts only for a small portion of the lifecycle costs of a technical system. In fluid systems, about ninety percent of the total costs are caused by other factors like power consumption and maintenance. With modern optimization methods, it is already possible to plan an optimal technical system considering multiple objectives. In this paper, we focus on an often neglected contribution to the lifecycle costs: downtime costs due to spontaneous failures. Consequently, availability becomes an issue.},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{Alt2022,
  author    = {Alt, Helmut},
  title     = {Speicher speichern, Leiter leiten},
  series = {Generationenprojekt Energiewende : Elektroenergiepolitik im Spannungsfeld zwischen Vision und Mission / Herbert Niederhausen (Hrsg.)},
  booktitle = {Generationenprojekt Energiewende : Elektroenergiepolitik im Spannungsfeld zwischen Vision und Mission / Herbert Niederhausen (Hrsg.)},
  publisher = {Books on Demand},
  address   = {Norderstedt},
  isbn      = {9783755774389},
  pages     = {125 -- 136},
  year      = {2022},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{OstkottePetersHueningetal.2022,
  author    = {Ostkotte, Sebastian and Peters, Constantin and H{\"u}ning, Felix and Bragard, Michael},
  title     = {Design, implementation and verification of an rotational incremental position encoder based on the magnetic Wiegand effect},
  series = {2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)},
  booktitle = {2022 ELEKTRO (ELEKTRO)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  isbn      = {978-1-6654-6726-1},
  issn      = {2691-0616},
  doi       = {10.1109/ELEKTRO53996.2022.9803477},
  pages     = {6 Seiten},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {This paper covers the use of the magnetic Wiegand effect to design an innovative incremental encoder. First, a theoretical design is given, followed by an estimation of the achievable accuracy and an optimization in open-loop operation. Finally, a successful experimental verification is presented. For this purpose, a permanent magnet synchronous machine is controlled in a field-oriented manner, using the angle information of the prototype.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{ZaehlBiewendtWolfetal.2022,
  author    = {Z{\"a}hl, Philipp M. and Biewendt, Marcel and Wolf, Martin and Eggert, Mathias},
  title     = {Requirements for competence developing games in the environment of SE Competence Development},
  series = {AKWI-Tagungsband zur 35. AKWI-Jahrestagung},
  booktitle = {AKWI-Tagungsband zur 35. AKWI-Jahrestagung},
  publisher = {GITO},
  address   = {Berlin},
  isbn      = {978-3-95545-409-8},
  doi       = {10.30844/AKWI_2022_05},
  pages     = {73 -- 88},
  year      = {2022},
  abstract  = {Many of today's factors make software development more and more complex, such as time pressure, new technologies, IT security risks, et cetera. Thus, a good preparation of current as well as future software developers in terms of a good software engineering education becomes progressively important. As current research shows, Competence Developing Games (CDGs) and Serious Games can offer a potential solution. This paper identifies the necessary requirements for CDGs to be conducive in principle, but especially in software engineering (SE) education. For this purpose, the current state of research was summarized in the context of a literature review. Afterwards, some of the identified requirements as well as some additional requirements were evaluated by a survey in terms of subjective relevance.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{BeckerHoefkenSchuetzetal.2016,
  author    = {Becker, Sebastian and H{\"o}fken, Hans-Wilhelm and Sch{\"u}tz, Philip and Schuba, Marko},
  title     = {IT-forensische Erkennung modifizierter Android-Apps},
  series = {Proceedings of DACH Security 2016, Klagenfurt, Austria, September 2016},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of DACH Security 2016, Klagenfurt, Austria, September 2016},
  editor    = {Schartner, P.},
  pages     = {120 -- 125},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Malware auf Smartphones ist ein Problem, dem auch Strafverfolgungsbeh{\"o}rden immer h{\"a}ufiger gegen{\"u}berstehen. Insbesondere Telefone, bei denen potentiell schadhafte Apps zu einem finanziellen Schaden gef{\"u}hrt haben, finden sich auf den Schreibtischen der Polizei wieder. Dabei m{\"u}ssen die Ermittler m{\"o}glichst schnell und gezielt erkennen k{\"o}nnen, ob eine App tats{\"a}chlich schadhaft manipuliert wurde, was manipuliert wurde und mit wem die App kommuniziert. Klassische Malware-Erkennungsverfahren helfen zwar bei der generellen Erkennung schadhafter Software, sind aber f{\"u}r die polizeiliche Praxis nicht geeignet. Dieses Paper stellt ein Programm vor, welches gerade die forensischen Fragestellungen ber{\"u}cksichtigt und so f{\"u}r den Einsatz in der Strafverfolgung in Frage kommt.},
  language  = {de}
}
@inproceedings{BonneyNagelSchuba2016,
  author    = {Bonney, Gregor and Nagel, Stefan and Schuba, Marko},
  title     = {Risiko Smart Home - Angriff auf ein Babymonitorsystem},
  series = {Proceedings of DACH Security 2016, Klagenfurt, Austria, September 2016},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of DACH Security 2016, Klagenfurt, Austria, September 2016},
  editor    = {Schartner, P.},
  pages     = {371 -- 378},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Unser Zuhause wird zunehmend intelligenter. Smart Homes bieten uns die Steuerung von Haus- oder Unterhaltungstechnik bequem vom Smartphone aus. Junge Familien nutzen die Technologie, um mittels vernetzten Babymonitorsystemen ihren Nachwuchs von {\"u}berall aus im Blick zu haben. Davon auszugehen, dass solche Systeme mit einem Fokus auf Sicherheit entwickelt wurden, um die sehr pers{\"o}nlichen Daten zu sch{\"u}tzen, ist jedoch ein Trugschluss. Die Untersuchung eines handels{\"u}blichen und keineswegs billigen Systems zeigt, dass die Ger{\"a}te sehr einfach kompromittiert und missbraucht werden k{\"o}nnen.},
  language  = {de}
}
@incollection{AltherrLeise2021,
  author    = {Altherr, Lena and Leise, Philipp},
  title     = {Resilience as a concept for mastering uncertainty},
  series = {Mastering Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering},
  booktitle = {Mastering Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-78353-2},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-78354-9},
  pages     = {412 -- 417},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{AltherrLeisePfetschetal.2021,
  author    = {Altherr, Lena and Leise, Philipp and Pfetsch, Marc E. and Schmitt, Andreas},
  title     = {Optimal design of resilient technical systems on the example of water supply systems},
  series = {Mastering Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering},
  booktitle = {Mastering Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-78356-3},
  pages     = {429 -- 433},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@incollection{LeiseAltherr2021,
  author    = {Leise, Philipp and Altherr, Lena},
  title     = {Experimental evaluation of resilience metrics in a fluid system},
  series = {Mastering Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering},
  booktitle = {Mastering Uncertainty in Mechanical Engineering},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-78356-3},
  pages     = {442 -- 447},
  year      = {2021},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{LorenzAltherrPelz2020,
  author    = {Lorenz, Imke-Sophie and Altherr, Lena and Pelz, Peter F.},
  title     = {Resilience enhancement of critical infrastructure - graph-theoretical resilience analysis of the water distribution system in the German city of Darmstadt},
  series = {14th WCEAM Proceedings},
  booktitle = {14th WCEAM Proceedings},
  publisher = {Springer},
  address   = {Cham},
  isbn      = {978-3-030-64228-0},
  doi       = {10.1007/978-3-030-64228-0_13},
  pages     = {137 -- 149},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {Water suppliers are faced with the great challenge of achieving high-quality and, at the same time, low-cost water supply. Since climatic and demographic influences will pose further challenges in the future, the resilience enhancement of water distribution systems (WDS), i.e. the enhancement of their capability to withstand and recover from disturbances, has been in particular focus recently. To assess the resilience of WDS, graph-theoretical metrics have been proposed. In this study, a promising approach is first physically derived analytically and then applied to assess the resilience of the WDS for a district in a major German City. The topology based resilience index computed for every consumer node takes into consideration the resistance of the best supply path as well as alternative supply paths. This resistance of a supply path is derived to be the dimensionless pressure loss in the pipes making up the path. The conducted analysis of a present WDS provides insight into the process of actively influencing the resilience of WDS locally and globally by adding pipes. The study shows that especially pipes added close to the reservoirs and main branching points in the WDS result in a high resilience enhancement of the overall WDS.},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{SchaenzleAltherrEdereretal.2015,
  author    = {Sch{\"a}nzle, Christian and Altherr, Lena and Ederer, Thorsten and Pelz, Peter},
  title     = {TOR - Towards the energetically optimal ventilation system},
  pages     = {1 Seite},
  year      = {2015},
  language  = {en}
}
@inproceedings{NikolovskiRekeElsenetal.2021,
  author    = {Nikolovski, Gjorgji and Reke, Michael and Elsen, Ingo and Schiffer, Stefan},
  title     = {Machine learning based 3D object detection for navigation in unstructured environments},
  series = {2021 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Workshops (IV Workshops)},
  booktitle = {2021 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium Workshops (IV Workshops)},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  isbn      = {978-1-6654-7921-9},
  doi       = {10.1109/IVWorkshops54471.2021.9669218},
  pages     = {236 -- 242},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {In this paper we investigate the use of deep neural networks for 3D object detection in uncommon, unstructured environments such as in an open-pit mine. While neural nets are frequently used for object detection in regular autonomous driving applications, more unusual driving scenarios aside street traffic pose additional challenges. For one, the collection of appropriate data sets to train the networks is an issue. For another, testing the performance of trained networks often requires tailored integration with the particular domain as well. While there exist different solutions for these problems in regular autonomous driving, there are only very few approaches that work for special domains just as well. We address both the challenges above in this work. First, we discuss two possible ways of acquiring data for training and evaluation. That is, we evaluate a semi-automated annotation of recorded LIDAR data and we examine synthetic data generation. Using these datasets we train and test different deep neural network for the task of object detection. Second, we propose a possible integration of a ROS2 detector module for an autonomous driving platform. Finally, we present the performance of three state-of-the-art deep neural networks in the domain of 3D object detection on a synthetic dataset and a smaller one containing a characteristic object from an open-pit mine.},
  language  = {en}
}