@inproceedings{KreyerEsch2017, author = {Kreyer, J{\"o}rg and Esch, Thomas}, title = {Simulation Tool for Predictive Control Strategies for an ORCSystem in Heavy Duty Vehicles}, series = {European GT Conference 2017}, booktitle = {European GT Conference 2017}, pages = {16 Seiten}, year = {2017}, abstract = {Scientific questions - How can a non-stationary heat offering in the commercial vehicle be used to reduce fuel consumption? - Which potentials offer route and environmental information among with predicted speed and load trajectories to increase the efficiency of a ORC-System? Methods - Desktop bound holistic simulation model for a heavy duty truck incl. an ORC System - Prediction of massflows, temperatures and mixture quality (AFR) of exhaust gas}, language = {en} } @misc{SchmitzSchebitzEsch1997, author = {Schmitz, G{\"u}nter and Schebitz, Michael and Esch, Thomas}, title = {Aus der Ruhelage selbstanziehender elektromagnetischer Aktuator}, year = {1997}, abstract = {Elektromagnetischer Aktuator zur Bet{\"a}tigung eines Stellgliedes (2), mit wenigstens einem Elektromagneten (4) und einem mit dem Stellglied (2) verbundenen Anker (3), der gegen die Kraft einer R{\"u}ckstellfeder (6) aus seiner Ruhelage in Richtung auf den Elektromagneten (4) bewegbar ist, mit einer R{\"u}ckstellfeder (6), die eine nicht lineare, bezogen auf die Ruhelage des Ankers (3) progressiv ansteigende Kennlinie aufweist.}, language = {de} } @misc{KeimerGirbigMayntzetal.2022, author = {Keimer, Jona and Girbig, Leo and Mayntz, Joscha and Tegtmeyer, Philipp and Wendland, Frederik and Dahman, Peter and Fisher, Alex and Dorrington, Graham}, title = {Flight mission optimization for eco-efficiency in consideration of electric regeneration and atmospheric conditions}, series = {AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum}, journal = {AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum}, publisher = {AIAA}, address = {Reston, Va.}, doi = {10.2514/6.2022-4118}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The development and operation of hybrid or purely electrically powered aircraft in regional air mobility is a significant challenge for the entire aviation sector. This technology is expected to lead to substantial advances in flight performance, energy efficiency, reliability, safety, noise reduction, and exhaust emissions. Nevertheless, any consumed energy results in heat or carbon dioxide emissions and limited electric energy storage capabilities suppress commercial use. Therefore, the significant challenges to achieving eco-efficient aviation are increased aircraft efficiency, the development of new energy storage technologies, and the optimization of flight operations. Two major approaches for higher eco-efficiency are identified: The first one, is to take horizontal and vertical atmospheric motion phenomena into account. Where, in particular, atmospheric waves hold exciting potential. The second one is the use of the regeneration ability of electric aircraft. The fusion of both strategies is expected to improve efficiency. The objective is to reduce energy consumption during flight while not neglecting commercial usability and convenient flight characteristics. Therefore, an optimized control problem based on a general aviation class aircraft has to be developed and validated by flight experiments. The formulated approach enables a development of detailed knowledge of the potential and limitations of optimizing flight missions, considering the capability of regeneration and atmospheric influences to increase efficiency and range.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{VeettilRakshitSchopenetal.2022, author = {Veettil, Yadu Krishna Morassery and Rakshit, Shantam and Schopen, Oliver and Kemper, Hans and Esch, Thomas and Shabani, Bahman}, title = {Automated Control System Strategies to Ensure Safety of PEM Fuel Cells Using Kalman Filters}, series = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials (ICE-SEAM 2021), Melaka, Malaysia}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials (ICE-SEAM 2021), Melaka, Malaysia}, editor = {Bin Abdollah, Mohd Fadzli and Amiruddin, Hilmi and Singh, Amrik Singh Phuman and Munir, Fudhail Abdul and Ibrahim, Asriana}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Singapore}, isbn = {978-981-19-3178-9}, issn = {2195-4356}, doi = {10.1007/978-981-19-3179-6_55}, pages = {296 -- 299}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Having well-defined control strategies for fuel cells, that can efficiently detect errors and take corrective action is critically important for safety in all applications, and especially so in aviation. The algorithms not only ensure operator safety by monitoring the fuel cell and connected components, but also contribute to extending the health of the fuel cell, its durability and safe operation over its lifetime. While sensors are used to provide peripheral data surrounding the fuel cell, the internal states of the fuel cell cannot be directly measured. To overcome this restriction, Kalman Filter has been implemented as an internal state observer. Other safety conditions are evaluated using real-time data from every connected sensor and corrective actions automatically take place to ensure safety. The algorithms discussed in this paper have been validated thorough Model-in-the-Loop (MiL) tests as well as practical validation at a dedicated test bench.}, language = {en} } @article{RuppSchulzeKuperjans2018, author = {Rupp, Matthias and Schulze, Sven and Kuperjans, Isabel}, title = {Comparative life cycle analysis of conventional and hybrid heavy-duty trucks}, series = {World electric vehicle journal}, volume = {9}, journal = {World electric vehicle journal}, number = {2}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2032-6653}, doi = {10.3390/wevj9020033}, pages = {Article No. 33}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Heavy-duty trucks are one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions in German traffic. Drivetrain electrification is an option to reduce tailpipe emissions by increasing energy conversion efficiency. To evaluate the vehicle's environmental impacts, it is necessary to consider the entire life cycle. In addition to the daily use, it is also necessary to include the impact of production and disposal. This study presents the comparative life cycle analysis of a parallel hybrid and a conventional heavy-duty truck in long-haul operation. Assuming a uniform vehicle glider, only the differing parts of both drivetrains are taken into account to calculate the environmental burdens of the production. The use phase is modeled by a backward simulation in MATLAB/Simulink considering a characteristic driving cycle. A break-even analysis is conducted to show at what mileage the larger CO2eq emissions due to the production of the electric drivetrain are compensated. The effect of parameter variation on the break-even mileage is investigated by a sensitivity analysis. The results of this analysis show the difference in CO2eq/t km is negative, indicating that the hybrid vehicle releases 4.34 g CO2eq/t km over a lifetime fewer emissions compared to the diesel truck. The break-even analysis also emphasizes the advantages of the electrified drivetrain, compensating the larger emissions generated during production after already a distance of 15,800 km (approx. 1.5 months of operation time). The intersection coordinates, distance, and CO2eq, strongly depend on fuel, emissions for battery production and the driving profile, which lead to nearly all parameter variations showing an increase in break-even distance.}, language = {en} } @techreport{EschFunkeRoosen2010, author = {Esch, Thomas and Funke, Harald and Roosen, Petra}, title = {SIoBiA - Safety Implications of Biofuels in Aviation}, publisher = {EASA}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, pages = {279 Seiten}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Biofuels potentially interesting also for aviation purposes are predominantly liquid fuels produced from biomass. The most common biofuels today are biodiesel and bioethanol. Since diesel engines are rather rare in aviation this survey is focusing on ethanol admixed to gasoline products. The Directive 2003/30/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of May 8th 2003 on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport encourage a growing admixture of biogenic fuel components to fossil automotive gasoline. Some aircraft models equipped with spark ignited piston engines are approved for operation with automotive gasoline, frequently called "MOGAS" (motor gasoline). The majority of those approvals is limited to MOGAS compositions that do not contain methanol or ethanol beyond negligible amounts. In the past years (bio-)MTBE or (bio-)ETBE have been widely used as blending component of automotive gasoline whilst the usage of low-molecular alcohols like methanol or ethanol has been avoided due to the handling problems especially with regard to the strong affinity for water. With rising mandatory bio-admixtures the conversion of the basic biogenic ethanol to ETBE, causing a reduction of energetic payoff, becomes more and more unattractive. Therefore the direct ethanol admixture is accordingly favoured. Due to the national enforcements of the directive 2003/30/EC more oxygenates produced from organic materials like bioethanol have started to appear in automotive gasolines already. The current fuel specification EN 228 already allows up to 3 \% volume per volume (v/v) (bio-)methanol or up to 5 \% v/v (bio-)ethanol as fuel components. This is also roughly the amount of biogenic components to comply with the legal requirements to avoid monetary penalties for producers and distributors of fuels. Since automotive fuel is cheaper than the common aviation gasoline (AVGAS), creates less problems with lead deposits in the engine, and in general produces less pollutants it is strongly favoured by pilots. But being designed for a different set of usage scenarios the use of automotive fuel with low molecular alcohols for aircraft operation may have adverse effects in aviation operation. Increasing amounts of ethanol admixtures impose various changes in the gasoline's chemical and physical properties, some of them rather unexpected and not within the range of flight experiences even of long-term pilots.}, language = {en} } @inproceedings{TamaldinMansorMatYaminetal.2022, author = {Tamaldin, Noreffendy and Mansor, Muhd Rizuan and Mat Yamin, Ahmad Kamal and Bin Abdollah, Mohd Fazli and Esch, Thomas and Tonoli, Andrea and Reisinger, Karl Heinz and Sprenger, Hanna and Razuli, Hisham}, title = {Development of UTeM United Future Fuel Design Training Center Under Erasmus+ United Program}, series = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials (ICE-SEAM 2021), Melaka, Malaysia}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials (ICE-SEAM 2021), Melaka, Malaysia}, editor = {Bin Abdollah, Mohd Fadzli and Amiruddin, Hilmi and Singh, Amrik Singh Phuman and Munir, Fudhail Abdul and Ibrahim, Asriana}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Singapore}, isbn = {978-981-19-3178-9}, issn = {2195-4356}, doi = {10.1007/978-981-19-3179-6_50}, pages = {274 -- 278}, year = {2022}, abstract = {The industrial revolution IR4.0 era have driven many states of the art technologies to be introduced especially in the automotive industry. The rapid development of automotive industries in Europe have created wide industry gap between European Union (EU) and developing countries such as in South-East Asia (SEA). Indulging this situation, FH Joanneum, Austria together with European partners from FH Aachen, Germany and Politecnico Di Torino, Italy is taking initiative to close the gap utilizing the Erasmus+ United grant from EU. A consortium was founded to engage with automotive technology transfer using the European ramework to Malaysian, Indonesian and Thailand Higher Education Institutions (HEI) as well as automotive industries. This could be achieved by establishing Engineering Knowledge Transfer Unit (EKTU) in respective SEA institutions guided by the industry partners in their respective countries. This EKTU could offer updated, innovative, and high-quality training courses to increase graduate's employability in higher education institutions and strengthen relations between HEI and the wider economic and social environment by addressing Universityindustry cooperation which is the regional priority for Asia. It is expected that, the Capacity Building Initiative would improve the quality of higher education and enhancing its relevance for the labor market and society in the SEA partners. The outcome of this project would greatly benefit the partners in strong and complementary partnership targeting the automotive industry and enhanced larger scale international cooperation between the European and SEA partners. It would also prepare the SEA HEI in sustainable partnership with Automotive industry in the region as a mean of income generation in the future.}, language = {en} } @misc{MayntzKeimerTegtmeyeretal.2021, author = {Mayntz, Joscha and Keimer, Jona and Tegtmeyer, Philipp and Dahmann, Peter and Hille, Sebastian and Stumpf, Eike and Fisher, Alex and Dorrington, Graham}, title = {Aerodynamic Investigation on Efficient Inflight Transition of a Propeller from Propulsion to Regeneration Mode}, series = {AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum}, journal = {AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum}, publisher = {AIAA}, address = {Reston, Va.}, doi = {10.2514/6.2022-0546}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper discusses a new way of inflight power regeneration for electric or hybrid-electric driven general aviation aircraft with one powertrain for both configurations. Three different approaches for the shift from propulsion to regeneration mode are analyzed. Numerical cal-culation and wind tunnel results are compared and show the highest regeneration potential for the "Windmill" approach, where the propeller blades are flipped, and rotation is reversed. A combination of all regeneration approaches for a realistic flight mission is discussed.}, language = {en} } @article{PfaffBabilon2023, author = {Pfaff, Raphael and Babilon, Katharina}, title = {Railway Challenge - moderne Auflage der Rainhill Trials?}, series = {Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau : ETR ; Impulsgeber f{\"u}r das System Bahn}, volume = {2023}, journal = {Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau : ETR ; Impulsgeber f{\"u}r das System Bahn}, number = {4}, publisher = {DVV Media Group}, address = {Hamburg}, issn = {0013-2845}, pages = {55 -- 58}, year = {2023}, abstract = {Die IMechE Railway Challenge wird j{\"a}hrlich in Stapleford, Großbritannien ausgetragen. Im Rahmen der Challenge entwickeln und bauen Studierende eine Lokomotive und vergleichen sich in verschiedenen Disziplinen, darunter eine automatisierte Zielbremsung, optimale Energier{\"u}ckgewinnung beim Bremsen und minimale Ger{\"a}uschemissionen. Neben diesen und weiteren technischen Wettbewerbsdisziplinen treten die Fahrzeuge und die Teams auch in nicht-technischen Disziplinen wie einer Business Case Challenge an.}, language = {de} } @inproceedings{HuthElsenHartwigetal.2006, author = {Huth, Thomas and Elsen, Olaf and Hartwig, Christoph and Esch, Thomas}, title = {Innovative modular valve trains for 2015 - logistic benefits by EMVT}, series = {IFAC Proceedings Volumes, Volume 39, Issue 3}, booktitle = {IFAC Proceedings Volumes, Volume 39, Issue 3}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, doi = {10.3182/20060517-3-FR-2903.00172}, pages = {315 -- 320}, year = {2006}, abstract = {In this paper the way to a 5-day-car with respect to a modular valve train systems for spark ignited combustion engines is shown. The necessary product diversity is shift from mechanical or physical components to software components. Therefore, significant improvements of logistic indicators are expected and shown. The working principle of a camless cylinder head with respect to an electromagnetical valve train (EMVT) is explained and it is demonstrated that shifting physical diversity to software is feasible. The future design of combustion engine systems including customisation can be supported by a set of assistance tools which is shown exemplary.}, language = {en} }