@article{TemizArtmannKurulgandemirciFıratetal.2021, author = {Temiz Artmann, Ayseg{\"u}l and Kurulgan demirci, Eylem and F{\i}rat, Ipek Seda and Oflaz, Hakan and Artmann, Gerhard}, title = {Recombinant activated protein C (rhAPC) affects lipopolysaccharide-induced mechanical compliance changes and beat frequency of mESC-derived cardiomyocyte monolayers}, series = {SHOCK}, journal = {SHOCK}, publisher = {Wolters Kluwer}, address = {K{\"o}ln}, issn = {1540-0514}, doi = {10.1097/SHK.0000000000001845}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{DickhoffHorikawaFunke2021, author = {Dickhoff, Jens and Horikawa, Atsushi and Funke, Harald}, title = {Hydrogen Combustion - new DLE Combustor Addresses NOx Emissions and Flashback}, series = {Turbomachinery international : the global journal of energy equipment}, volume = {62}, journal = {Turbomachinery international : the global journal of energy equipment}, number = {4}, publisher = {MJH Life Sciences}, address = {Cranbury}, issn = {2767-2328}, pages = {26 -- 27}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{AlexyukBogoyavlenskiyAlexyuketal.2021, author = {Alexyuk, Madina and Bogoyavlenskiy, Andrey and Alexyuk, Pavel and Moldakhanov, Yergali and Berezin, Vladimir and Digel, Ilya}, title = {Epipelagic microbiome of the Small Aral Sea: Metagenomic structure and ecological diversity}, series = {MicrobiologyOpen}, volume = {10}, journal = {MicrobiologyOpen}, number = {1}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {2045-8827}, doi = {10.1002/mbo3.1142}, pages = {1 -- 10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Microbial diversity studies regarding the aquatic communities that experienced or are experiencing environmental problems are essential for the comprehension of the remediation dynamics. In this pilot study, we present data on the phylogenetic and ecological structure of microorganisms from epipelagic water samples collected in the Small Aral Sea (SAS). The raw data were generated by massive parallel sequencing using the shotgun approach. As expected, most of the identified DNA sequences belonged to Terrabacteria and Actinobacteria (40\% and 37\% of the total reads, respectively). The occurrence of Deinococcus-Thermus, Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi in the epipelagic SAS waters was less anticipated. Surprising was also the detection of sequences, which are characteristic for strict anaerobes—Ignavibacteria, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, and archaeal methanogenic species. We suppose that the observed very broad range of phylogenetic and ecological features displayed by the SAS reads demonstrates a more intensive mixing of water masses originating from diverse ecological niches of the Aral-Syr Darya River basin than presumed before.}, language = {en} } @article{SeefeldtDachwald2021, author = {Seefeldt, Patric and Dachwald, Bernd}, title = {Temperature increase on folded solar sail membranes}, series = {Advances in Space Research}, volume = {67}, journal = {Advances in Space Research}, number = {9}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {0273-1177}, doi = {10.1016/j.asr.2020.09.026}, pages = {2688 -- 2695}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{ValeroSchalkoFriedrichetal.2021, author = {Valero, Daniel and Schalko, Isabella and Friedrich, Heide and Abad, Jorge D. and Bung, Daniel Bernhard and Donchyts, Gennadii and Felder, Stefan and Ferreira, Rui M. L. and Hohermuth, Benjamin and Kramer, Matthias and Li, Danxun and Mendes, Luis and Moreno-Rodenas, Antonio and Nones, Michael and Paron, Paolo and Ruiz-Villanueva, Virginia and Wang, Ruo-Qian and Franca, Mario J.}, title = {Pathways towards democratization of hydro-environment observations and data}, series = {Iahr White Paper Series}, journal = {Iahr White Paper Series}, number = {1}, publisher = {International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR)}, pages = {1 -- 9}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{GermanMikuckiWelchetal.2021, author = {German, Laura and Mikucki, Jill A. and Welch, Susan A. and Welch, Kathleen A. and Lutton, Anthony and Dachwald, Bernd and Kowalski, Julia and Heinen, Dirk and Feldmann, Marco and Francke, Gero and Espe, Clemens and Lyons, W. Berry}, title = {Validation of sampling antarctic subglacial hypersaline waters with an electrothermal ice melting probe (IceMole) for environmental analytical geochemistry}, series = {International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry}, volume = {101}, journal = {International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry}, number = {15}, publisher = {Taylor \& Francis}, address = {London}, issn = {0306-7319}, doi = {10.1080/03067319.2019.1704750}, pages = {2654 -- 2667}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Geochemical characterisation of hypersaline waters is difficult as high concentrations of salts hinder the analysis of constituents at low concentrations, such as trace metals, and the collection of samples for trace metal analysis in natural waters can be easily contaminated. This is particularly the case if samples are collected by non-conventional techniques such as those required for aquatic subglacial environments. In this paper we present the first analysis of a subglacial brine from Taylor Valley, (~ 78°S), Antarctica for the trace metals: Ba, Co, Mo, Rb, Sr, V, and U. Samples were collected englacially using an electrothermal melting probe called the IceMole. This probe uses differential heating of a copper head as well as the probe's sidewalls and an ice screw at the melting head to move through glacier ice. Detailed blanks, meltwater, and subglacial brine samples were collected to evaluate the impact of the IceMole and the borehole pump, the melting and collection process, filtration, and storage on the geochemistry of the samples collected by this device. Comparisons between melt water profiles through the glacier ice and blank analysis, with published studies on ice geochemistry, suggest the potential for minor contributions of some species Rb, As, Co, Mn, Ni, NH4+, and NO2-+NO3- from the IceMole. The ability to conduct detailed chemical analyses of subglacial fluids collected with melting probes is critical for the future exploration of the hundreds of deep subglacial lakes in Antarctica.}, language = {en} } @article{KoehlerRoepkeWolf2021, author = {K{\"o}hler, Klemens and R{\"o}pke, Ren{\´e} and Wolf, Martin R.}, title = {Through a mirror darkly - On the obscurity of teaching goals in game-based learning in IT security}, series = {ISAGA 2019: Simulation Gaming Through Times and Disciplines}, journal = {ISAGA 2019: Simulation Gaming Through Times and Disciplines}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Cham}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-72132-9_6}, pages = {61 -- 73}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Teachers and instructors use very specific language communicating teaching goals. The most widely used frameworks of common reference are the Bloom's Taxonomy and the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy. The latter provides distinction of 209 different teaching goals which are connected to methods. In Competence Developing Games (CDGs - serious games to convey knowledge) and in IT security education, a two- or three level typology exists, reducing possible learning outcomes to awareness, training, and education. This study explores whether this much simpler framework succeeds in achieving the same range of learning outcomes. Method wise a keyword analysis was conducted. The results were threefold: 1. The words used to describe teaching goals in CDGs on IT security education do not reflect the whole range of learning outcomes. 2. The word choice is nevertheless different from common language, indicating an intentional use of language. 3. IT security CDGs use different sets of terms to describe learning outcomes, depending on whether they are awareness, training, or education games. The interpretation of the findings is that the reduction to just three types of CDGs reduces the capacity to communicate and think about learning outcomes and consequently reduces the outcomes that are intentionally achieved.}, language = {en} } @article{JablonskiPoghossianKeusgenetal.2021, author = {Jablonski, Melanie and Poghossian, Arshak and Keusgen, Michael and Wege, Christina and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Detection of plant virus particles with a capacitive field-effect sensor}, series = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry}, volume = {413}, journal = {Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Cham}, issn = {1618-2650}, doi = {10.1007/s00216-021-03448-8}, pages = {5669 -- 5678}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Plant viruses are major contributors to crop losses and induce high economic costs worldwide. For reliable, on-site and early detection of plant viral diseases, portable biosensors are of great interest. In this study, a field-effect SiO2-gate electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) sensor was utilized for the label-free electrostatic detection of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles as a model plant pathogen. The capacitive EIS sensor has been characterized regarding its TMV sensitivity by means of constant-capacitance method. The EIS sensor was able to detect biotinylated TMV particles from a solution with a TMV concentration as low as 0.025 nM. A good correlation between the registered EIS sensor signal and the density of adsorbed TMV particles assessed from scanning electron microscopy images of the SiO2-gate chip surface was observed. Additionally, the isoelectric point of the biotinylated TMV particles was determined via zeta potential measurements and the influence of ionic strength of the measurement solution on the TMV-modified EIS sensor signal has been studied.}, language = {en} } @article{PoghossianSchoening2021, author = {Poghossian, Arshak and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Recent progress in silicon-based biologically sensitive field-effect devices}, series = {Current Opinion in Electrochemistry}, journal = {Current Opinion in Electrochemistry}, number = {Article number: 100811}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2451-9103}, doi = {10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100811}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Biologically sensitive field-effect devices (BioFEDs) advantageously combine the electronic field-effect functionality with the (bio)chemical receptor's recognition ability for (bio)chemical sensing. In this review, basic and widely applied device concepts of silicon-based BioFEDs (ion-sensitive field-effect transistor, silicon nanowire transistor, electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitor, light-addressable potentiometric sensor) are presented and recent progress (from 2019 to early 2021) is discussed. One of the main advantages of BioFEDs is the label-free sensing principle enabling to detect a large variety of biomolecules and bioparticles by their intrinsic charge. The review encompasses applications of BioFEDs for the label-free electrical detection of clinically relevant protein biomarkers, deoxyribonucleic acid molecules and viruses, enzyme-substrate reactions as well as recording of the cell acidification rate (as an indicator of cellular metabolism) and the extracellular potential.}, language = {en} } @article{GriegerSchwabedalWendeletal.2021, author = {Grieger, Niklas and Schwabedal, Justus T. C. and Wendel, Stefanie and Ritze, Yvonne and Bialonski, Stephan}, title = {Automated scoring of pre-REM sleep in mice with deep learning}, series = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {11}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, number = {Art. 12245}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {London}, issn = {2045-2322}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-021-91286-0}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Reliable automation of the labor-intensive manual task of scoring animal sleep can facilitate the analysis of long-term sleep studies. In recent years, deep-learning-based systems, which learn optimal features from the data, increased scoring accuracies for the classical sleep stages of Wake, REM, and Non-REM. Meanwhile, it has been recognized that the statistics of transitional stages such as pre-REM, found between Non-REM and REM, may hold additional insight into the physiology of sleep and are now under vivid investigation. We propose a classification system based on a simple neural network architecture that scores the classical stages as well as pre-REM sleep in mice. When restricted to the classical stages, the optimized network showed state-of-the-art classification performance with an out-of-sample F1 score of 0.95 in male C57BL/6J mice. When unrestricted, the network showed lower F1 scores on pre-REM (0.5) compared to the classical stages. The result is comparable to previous attempts to score transitional stages in other species such as transition sleep in rats or N1 sleep in humans. Nevertheless, we observed that the sequence of predictions including pre-REM typically transitioned from Non-REM to REM reflecting sleep dynamics observed by human scorers. Our findings provide further evidence for the difficulty of scoring transitional sleep stages, likely because such stages of sleep are under-represented in typical data sets or show large inter-scorer variability. We further provide our source code and an online platform to run predictions with our trained network.}, language = {en} } @article{BallVoegeleGrajewskietal.2021, author = {Ball, Christopher Stephen and V{\"o}gele, Stefan and Grajewski, Matthias and Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm}, title = {E-mobility from a multi-actor point of view: Uncertainties and their impacts}, series = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, volume = {170}, journal = {Technological Forecasting and Social Change}, number = {Art. 120925}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, isbn = {0040-1625}, doi = {10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120925}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{JablonskiPoghossianSeverinetal.2021, author = {Jablonski, Melanie and Poghossian, Arshak and Severin, Robin and Keusgen, Michael and Wege, Christian and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Capacitive Field-Effect Biosensor Studying Adsorption of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Particles}, series = {Micromachines}, volume = {12}, journal = {Micromachines}, number = {1}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, doi = {10.3390/mi12010057}, pages = {Artikel 57}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Plant virus-like particles, and in particular, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles, are increasingly being used in nano- and biotechnology as well as for biochemical sensing purposes as nanoscaffolds for the high-density immobilization of receptor molecules. The sensitive parameters of TMV-assisted biosensors depend, among others, on the density of adsorbed TMV particles on the sensor surface, which is affected by both the adsorption conditions and surface properties of the sensor. In this work, Ta₂O₅-gate field-effect capacitive sensors have been applied for the label-free electrical detection of TMV adsorption. The impact of the TMV concentration on both the sensor signal and the density of TMV particles adsorbed onto the Ta₂O₅-gate surface has been studied systematically by means of field-effect and scanning electron microscopy methods. In addition, the surface density of TMV particles loaded under different incubation times has been investigated. Finally, the field-effect sensor also demonstrates the label-free detection of penicillinase immobilization as model bioreceptor on TMV particles.}, language = {en} } @article{HarzheimMuehmelHeuermann2021, author = {Harzheim, Thomas and M{\"u}hmel, Marc and Heuermann, Holger}, title = {A SFCW harmonic radar system for maritime search and rescue using passive and active tags}, series = {International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies}, volume = {13}, journal = {International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies}, number = {Special Issue 7}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, address = {Cambridge}, doi = {10.1017/S1759078721000520}, pages = {691 -- 707}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This paper introduces a new maritime search and rescue system based on S-band illumination harmonic radar (HR). Passive and active tags have been developed and tested while attached to life jackets and a small boat. In this demonstration test carried out on the Baltic Sea, the system was able to detect and range the active tags up to a distance of 5800 m using an illumination signal transmit-power of 100 W. Special attention is given to the development, performance, and conceptual differences between passive and active tags used in the system. Guidelines for achieving a high HR dynamic range, including a system components description, are given and a comparison with other HR systems is performed. System integration with a commercial maritime X-band navigation radar is shown to demonstrate a solution for rapid search and rescue response and quick localization.}, language = {en} } @article{MonakhovaDiehl2021, author = {Monakhova, Yulia and Diehl, Bernd W.K.}, title = {Novel approach of qNMR workflow by standardization using 2H integral: Application to any intrinsic calibration standard}, series = {Talanta}, volume = {222}, journal = {Talanta}, number = {Article number: 121504}, publisher = {Elsevier}, isbn = {0039-9140}, doi = {10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121504}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) is routinely performed by the internal or external standardization. The manuscript describes a simple alternative to these common workflows by using NMR signal of another active nuclei of calibration compound. For example, for any arbitrary compound quantification by NMR can be based on the use of an indirect concentration referencing that relies on a solvent having both 1H and 2H signals. To perform high-quality quantification, the deuteration level of the utilized deuterated solvent has to be estimated. In this contribution the new method was applied to the determination of deuteration levels in different deuterated solvents (MeOD, ACN, CDCl3, acetone, benzene, DMSO-d6). Isopropanol-d6, which contains a defined number of deuterons and protons, was used for standardization. Validation characteristics (precision, accuracy, robustness) were calculated and the results showed that the method can be used in routine practice. Uncertainty budget was also evaluated. In general, this novel approach, using standardization by 2H integral, benefits from reduced sample preparation steps and uncertainties, and can be applied in different application areas (purity determination, forensics, pharmaceutical analysis, etc.).}, language = {en} } @article{MonakhovaDiehl2021, author = {Monakhova, Yulia and Diehl, Bernd W. K.}, title = {A step towards optimization of the qNMR workflow: proficiency testing exercise at an GxP-accredited laboratory}, series = {Applied Magnetic Resonance}, volume = {52}, journal = {Applied Magnetic Resonance}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, address = {Wien}, issn = {1613-7507}, doi = {10.1007/s00723-021-01324-3}, pages = {581 -- 593}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) is considered as a powerful tool for multicomponent mixture analysis as well as for the purity determination of single compounds. Special attention is currently paid to the training of operators and study directors involved in qNMR testing. To assure that only qualified personnel are used for sample preparation at our GxP-accredited laboratory, weighing test was proposed. Sixteen participants performed six-fold weighing of the binary mixture of dibutylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-nitrobenzene (TCNB). To evaluate the quality of data analysis, all spectra were evaluated manually by a qNMR expert and using in-house developed automated routine. The results revealed that mean values are comparable and both evaluation approaches are free of systematic error. However, automated evaluation resulted in an approximately 20\% increase in precision. The same findings were revealed for qNMR analysis of 32 compounds used in pharmaceutical industry. Weighing test by six-fold determination in binary mixtures and automated qNMR methodology can be recommended as efficient tools for evaluating staff proficiency. The automated qNMR method significantly increases throughput and precision of qNMR for routine measurements and extends application scope of qNMR.}, language = {en} } @article{EngelmannShalabyShashaetal.2021, author = {Engelmann, Ulrich M. and Shalaby, Ahmed and Shasha, Carolyn and Krishnan, Kannan M. and Krause, Hans-Joachim}, title = {Comparative modeling of frequency mixing measurements of magnetic nanoparticles using micromagnetic simulations and Langevin theory}, series = {Nanomaterials}, volume = {11}, journal = {Nanomaterials}, number = {5}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, isbn = {2079-4991}, doi = {10.3390/nano11051257}, pages = {1 -- 16}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Dual frequency magnetic excitation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) enables enhanced biosensing applications. This was studied from an experimental and theoretical perspective: nonlinear sum-frequency components of MNP exposed to dual-frequency magnetic excitation were measured as a function of static magnetic offset field. The Langevin model in thermodynamic equilibrium was fitted to the experimental data to derive parameters of the lognormal core size distribution. These parameters were subsequently used as inputs for micromagnetic Monte-Carlo (MC)-simulations. From the hysteresis loops obtained from MC-simulations, sum-frequency components were numerically demodulated and compared with both experiment and Langevin model predictions. From the latter, we derived that approximately 90\% of the frequency mixing magnetic response signal is generated by the largest 10\% of MNP. We therefore suggest that small particles do not contribute to the frequency mixing signal, which is supported by MC-simulation results. Both theoretical approaches describe the experimental signal shapes well, but with notable differences between experiment and micromagnetic simulations. These deviations could result from Brownian relaxations which are, albeit experimentally inhibited, included in MC-simulation, or (yet unconsidered) cluster-effects of MNP, or inaccurately derived input for MC-simulations, because the largest particles dominate the experimental signal but concurrently do not fulfill the precondition of thermodynamic equilibrium required by Langevin theory.}, language = {en} } @article{SaretzkiBergmannDahmannetal.2021, author = {Saretzki, Charlotte and Bergmann, Ole and Dahmann, Peter and Janser, Frank and Keimer, Jona and Machado, Patricia and Morrison, Audry and Page, Henry and Pluta, Emil and St{\"u}bing, Felix and K{\"u}pper, Thomas}, title = {Are small airplanes safe with regards to COVID-19 transmission?}, series = {Journal of Travel Medicine}, volume = {28}, journal = {Journal of Travel Medicine}, number = {7}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1708-8305}, doi = {10.1093/jtm/taab105}, year = {2021}, language = {en} } @article{KarschuckKaulenPoghossianetal.2021, author = {Karschuck, Tobias and Kaulen, Corinna and Poghossian, Arshak and Wagner, Patrick H. and Sch{\"o}ning, Michael Josef}, title = {Gold nanoparticle-modified capacitive field-effect sensors: Studying the surface density of nanoparticles and coupling of charged polyelectrolyte macromolecules}, series = {Electrochemical Science Advances}, volume = {2}, journal = {Electrochemical Science Advances}, number = {5}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, address = {Weinheim}, issn = {0938-5193}, doi = {10.1002/elsa.202100179}, pages = {10 Seiten}, year = {2021}, abstract = {The coupling of ligand-stabilized gold nanoparticles with field-effect devices offers new possibilities for label-free biosensing. In this work, we study the immobilization of aminooctanethiol-stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuAOTs) on the silicon dioxide surface of a capacitive field-effect sensor. The terminal amino group of the AuAOT is well suited for the functionalization with biomolecules. The attachment of the positively-charged AuAOTs on a capacitive field-effect sensor was detected by direct electrical readout using capacitance-voltage and constant capacitance measurements. With a higher particle density on the sensor surface, the measured signal change was correspondingly more pronounced. The results demonstrate the ability of capacitive field-effect sensors for the non-destructive quantitative validation of nanoparticle immobilization. In addition, the electrostatic binding of the polyanion polystyrene sulfonate to the AuAOT-modified sensor surface was studied as a model system for the label-free detection of charged macromolecules. Most likely, this approach can be transferred to the label-free detection of other charged molecules such as enzymes or antibodies.}, language = {en} } @article{HacklBuessKammerlohretal.2021, author = {Hackl, Michael and Buess, Eduard and Kammerlohr, Sandra and Nacov, Julia and Staat, Manfred and Leschinger, Tim and M{\"u}ller, Lars P. and Wegmann, Kilian}, title = {A "comma sign"-directed subscapularis repair in anterosuperior rotator cuff tears yields biomechanical advantages in a cadaveric model}, series = {The american journal of sports medicine}, volume = {49}, journal = {The american journal of sports medicine}, number = {12}, publisher = {Sage}, address = {London}, issn = {1552-3365}, doi = {10.1177/03635465211031506}, pages = {3212 -- 3217}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: Additional stabilization of the "comma sign" in anterosuperior rotator cuff repair has been proposed to provide biomechanical benefits regarding stability of the repair. Purpose: This in vitro investigation aimed to investigate the influence of a comma sign-directed reconstruction technique for anterosuperior rotator cuff tears on the primary stability of the subscapularis tendon repair. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 18 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were used in this study. Anterosuperior rotator cuff tears (complete full-thickness tear of the supraspinatus and subscapularis tendons) were created, and supraspinatus repair was performed with a standard suture bridge technique. The subscapularis was repaired with either a (1) single-row or (2) comma sign technique. A high-resolution 3D camera system was used to analyze 3-mm and 5-mm gap formation at the subscapularis tendon-bone interface upon incremental cyclic loading. Moreover, the ultimate failure load of the repair was recorded. A Mann-Whitney test was used to assess significant differences between the 2 groups. Results: The comma sign repair withstood significantly more loading cycles than the single-row repair until 3-mm and 5-mm gap formation occurred (P≤ .047). The ultimate failure load did not reveal any significant differences when the 2 techniques were compared (P = .596). Conclusion: The results of this study show that additional stabilization of the comma sign enhanced the primary stability of subscapularis tendon repair in anterosuperior rotator cuff tears. Although this stabilization did not seem to influence the ultimate failure load, it effectively decreased the micromotion at the tendon-bone interface during cyclic loading. Clinical Relevance: The proposed technique for stabilization of the comma sign has shown superior biomechanical properties in comparison with a single-row repair and might thus improve tendon healing. Further clinical research will be necessary to determine its influence on the functional outcome.}, language = {en} } @article{Gaigall2021, author = {Gaigall, Daniel}, title = {Test for Changes in the Modeled Solvency Capital Requirement of an Internal Risk Model}, series = {ASTIN Bulletin}, volume = {51}, journal = {ASTIN Bulletin}, number = {3}, publisher = {Cambridge Univ. Press}, address = {Cambridge}, issn = {1783-1350}, doi = {10.1017/asb.2021.20}, pages = {813 -- 837}, year = {2021}, abstract = {In the context of the Solvency II directive, the operation of an internal risk model is a possible way for risk assessment and for the determination of the solvency capital requirement of an insurance company in the European Union. A Monte Carlo procedure is customary to generate a model output. To be compliant with the directive, validation of the internal risk model is conducted on the basis of the model output. For this purpose, we suggest a new test for checking whether there is a significant change in the modeled solvency capital requirement. Asymptotic properties of the test statistic are investigated and a bootstrap approximation is justified. A simulation study investigates the performance of the test in the finite sample case and confirms the theoretical results. The internal risk model and the application of the test is illustrated in a simplified example. The method has more general usage for inference of a broad class of law-invariant and coherent risk measures on the basis of a paired sample.}, language = {en} }