TY  - CHAP
A1  - Spurmann, Jörn
A1  - Ohndorf, Andreas
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Seboldt, Wolfgang
A1  - Löb, Horst
A1  - Schartner, Karl-Heinz
T1  - Interplanetary trajectory optimization for a sep mission to Saturn
T2  - 60th International Astronautical Congress 2009
N2  - The recently proposed NASA and ESA missions to Saturn and Jupiter pose difficult tasks to mission designers because chemical propulsion scenarios are not capable of transferring heavy spacecraft into the outer solar system without the use of gravity assists. Thus our developed mission scenario based on the joint NASA/ESA Titan Saturn System Mission baselines solar electric propulsion to improve mission flexibility and transfer time. For the calculation of near-globally optimal low-thrust trajectories, we have used a method called Evolutionary Neurocontrol, which is implemented in the low-thrust trajectory optimization software InTrance. The studied solar electric propulsion scenario covers trajectory optimization of the interplanetary transfer including variations of the spacecraft's thrust level, the thrust unit's specific impulse and the solar power generator power level. Additionally developed software extensions enabled trajectory optimization with launcher-provided hyperbolic excess energy, a complex solar power generator model and a variable specific impulse ion engine model. For the investigated mission scenario, Evolutionary Neurocontrol yields good optimization results, which also hold valid for the more elaborate spacecraft models. Compared to Cassini/Huygens, the best found solutions have faster transfer times and a higher mission flexibility in general.
KW  - Spacecraft
KW  - Reusable Rocket Engines
KW  - Hybrid Propellants
Y1  - 2009
SN  - 9781615679089
N1  - 60th International Astronautical Congress 2009 (IAC 2009)
Held 12-16 October 2009, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
SP  - 5234
EP  - 5248
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül
A1  - Kayser, Peter
T1  - Why is Sepsis an Ongoing Clinical Challenge? Lipopolysaccharide Effects on Red Blood Cell Volume / Temiz, Aysegül ;  Kayser, Peter
JF  - Bioengineering in Cell and Tissue Research / Artmann, Gerhard M. ; Chien, Shu (Eds.)
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 978-3-540-75408-4
SP  - 497
EP  - 508
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
A1  - Hueck, Isgard S.
A1  - Rossiter, Katharine
A1  - Schmid-Schönbein, Geert W.
T1  - Fluid Shear Attenuates Endothelial Pseudopodia Formation into the Capillary Lumen / Hueck, Isgard S. ; Rossiter, Katharine ; Artman, Gerhard M. ; Schmid-Schönbein, Geert W.
JF  - Microcirculation. 15 (2008), H. 6
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 1549-8719
SP  - 531
EP  - 542
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
T1  - Bioengineering in Cell and Tissue Research / Artmann, Gerhard M. ; Chien, Shu (Eds.)
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 978-3-540-75408-4
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
A1  - Zerlin, Kay
A1  - Digel, Ilya
T1  - Hemoglobin Senses Body Temperature
JF  - Bioengineering in Cell and Tissue Research / Artmann, Gerhard M. ; Chien, Shu (Eds.)
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 978-3-540-75408-4
SP  - 415
EP  - 447
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Staat, Manfred
A1  - Baroud, G.
A1  - Topcu, M.
A1  - Sponagel, Stefan
T1  - Soft Materials in Technology and Biology – Characteristics, Properties, and Parameter Identification
JF  - Bioengineering in Cell and Tissue Research / Artmann, Gerhard M. ; Chien, Shu (Eds.)
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 978-3-540-75408-4
SP  - 253
EP  - 315
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vant, Christianne
A1  - Staat, Manfred
A1  - Baroud, Gamal
T1  - Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: A Review of Two Intraoperative Complications
JF  - Bioengineering in Cell and Tissue Research / Artmann, Gerhard M. ; Chien, Shu (Eds.)
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 978-3-540-75408-4
SP  - 527
EP  - 539
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Seboldt, W.
A1  - Loeb, H. W
A1  - Schartner, K.-H.
T1  - Main Belt Asteroid Sample Return Mission Using Solar Electric Propulsion
JF  - Acta Astronautica. 63 (2008), H. 1-4
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 0094-5765
N1  - International Astronautical Federation Congress <58, 2007, Hyderabad> ; International Astronautical Congress <58, 2007, Hyderabad> ; IAC-07-A3.5.07
SP  - 91
EP  - 101
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tran, Thanh Ngoc
A1  - Kreißig, R.
A1  - Vu, Duc Khoi
A1  - Staat, Manfred
T1  - Upper bound limit and shakedown analysis of shells using the exact Ilyushin yield surface
JF  - Computer & Structures. 86 (2008)
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 0045-7949
SP  - 1683
EP  - 1695
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Staat, Manfred
A1  - Tran, Thanh Ngoc
A1  - Kreißig, R.
T1  - Load bearing capacity of thin shell structures made of elastoplastic material by direct methods
JF  - Technische Mechanik. 28 (2008), H. 3-4
Y1  - 2008
SP  - 299
EP  - 309
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Seboldt, W.
T1  - Solar Sails — Propellantless Propulsion for Near- and Medium-Term Deep-Space Missions  / W. Seboldt ; B. Dachwald
JF  - Advanced Propulsion Systems and Technologies, Today to 2020 / Claudio Bruno (ed.) ... - (Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics Series ; 223)
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 978-1-56347-929-8
N1  - ISBN 10: 1-56347-929-X  ; American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics <New York, NY>
PB  - AIAA
CY  - Reston, Va.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Seboldt, W.
A1  - Lämmerzahl, W.
T1  - Solar Sail Propulsion: An Enabling Technology for Fundamental Physics Missions
JF  - Lasers, Clocks and Drag Free Control : Exploration of Relativistic Gravity in Space / by Hansjörg Dittus ..., eds. - ( Astrophysics and Space Science Library ; 349)
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 978-3-540-34376-9
SP  - 379
EP  - 398
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kaul, D. K.
A1  - Koshkaryev, A.
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
A1  - Barshtein, G.
A1  - Yedgar, S.
T1  - Additive effect of red blood cell rigidity and adherence to endothelial cells in inducing vascular resistance
JF  - American Journal of Physiology : Heart and Circulation Physiology . 295 (2008), H. 4
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 1522-1539
VL  - 295
IS  - 4
SP  - H1788
EP  - H1793
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stadler, A.  M.
A1  - Digel, Ilya
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
A1  - Embs, Jan P.
A1  - Zaccai, Joe
A1  - Büldt, Georg
T1  - Hemoglobin Dynamics in Red Blood Cells: Correlation to Body Temperature
JF  - Biophysical Journal. 95 (2008), H. 11
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 1542-0086
SP  - 5449
EP  - 5461
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Becker, C.
A1  - Wallang, C.
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
A1  - Jakse, G.
T1  - Mechanotransduction-bioreactor for tissue engineering of a ureter prosthesis
JF  - International Journal of Artificial Organs, The
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 0391-3988
N1  - Abstracts from the XXXV Congress of the European Society for Artificial Organs: 'Towards Future Biomedical Technologies' - ORAL PRESENTATIONS
VL  - 31
IS  - 7
SP  - 583
EP  - 583
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behbahani, Mehdi
A1  - Behr, Marek
A1  - Nicolai, Mike
A1  - Probst, Markus
T1  - Towards Shape Optimization for Ventricular Assist Devices Using Parallel Stabilized FEM
JF  - NIC Symposium 2008 : symposium, 20 - 21 February 2008, Forschungszentrum Jülich ; proceedings / organized by John von Neumann Institute for Computing. Ed. by Gernot Münster; Dietrich Wolf; Manfred Kremer (ed.)
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 978-3-9810843-5-1
N1  - NIC series ; 39
SP  - 325
EP  - 332
PB  - Forschungszentrum
CY  - Jülich
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behbahani, Mehdi
A1  - Waluga, C.
A1  - Arlt, S.
A1  - Behr, M.
A1  - Mottaghy, K.
T1  - Computational Analysis of Platelet Aggregation in a Taylor-Couette System
JF  - The International Journal of Artificial Organs. 31 (2008), H. 7
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 0391-3988
N1  - Posterpresentation ; European Society of Artificial Organs (ESAO), Geneva, Switzerland
SP  - 643
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
A1  - Mücke, Bruno
A1  - Vilser, Walthard
A1  - Schilling, Rudolf
T1  - Effect of aging on retinal artery blood column diameter measured along the vessel axis / Kotliar, Konstantin E. ; Mücke, Bruno ; Vilser, Walthard ; Schilling, Rudolf ; Lanzl, Ines M.
JF  - Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, IOVS. 49 (2008), H. 5
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 0146-0404
SP  - 2094
EP  - 2102
PB  - -
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Digel, Ilya
T1  - Controlling microbial adhesion : a surface engineering approach
JF  - Bioengineering in Cell and Tissue Research / Artmann, Gerhard M. ; Chien, Shu (Eds.)
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 978-3-540-75408-4
SP  - 601
EP  - 625
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stadler, Andreas M.
A1  - Embs, Jan P.
A1  - Digel, Ilya
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
A1  - Unruh, Tobias
A1  - Büldt, Georg
A1  - Zaccai, Guiseppe
T1  - Cytoplasmic water and hydration layer dynamics in human red blood cells
JF  - Journal of the American Chemical Society. 50 (2008), H. 130
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 1520-5126
SP  - 16852
EP  - 16853
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Digel, Ilya
A1  - Kayser, Peter
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
T1  - Molecular processes in biological thermosensation
JF  - Journal of Biophysics. 2008 (2008)
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 1687-8000
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
A1  - Lanzl, Ines M.
A1  - Maier, Mathias
A1  - Feucht, Nikolaus
T1  - Intraocular pressure effects of pegaptanib (macugen) injections in patients with and without glaucoma / Lanzl, Ines M. ; Maier, Mathias ; Feucht, Nikolaus ; Lohmann, Chris P. ; Kotliar, Konstantin E.
JF  - American Journal of Ophthalmology . 145 (2008), H. 1
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 1879-1891
SP  - 185
EP  - 185
PB  - -
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
A1  - Maier, Mathias
A1  - Bauer, Svetlana
A1  - Feucht, Nikolaus
A1  - Lohmann, Chris
A1  - Lanzl, Ines
T1  - Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide and intraocular pressure: author's reply
JF  - Acta Ophthalmologica
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 1755-3768
VL  - 86
IS  - 6
SP  - 692
EP  - 693
PB  - -
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
A1  - Nagel, Edgar
A1  - Vilser, Walthard
A1  - Lanzl, Ines M.
T1  - Functional in vivo assessment of retinal artery microirregularities in glaucoma / Kotliar, Konstantin E. ; Nagel, Edgar ; Vilser, Walthard ; Lanzl, Ines M.
JF  - Acta Ophthalmologica. 86 (2008), H. 4
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 1755-3768
SP  - 424
EP  - 433
PB  - -
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
A1  - Mogilevskiĭ, A. Ia.
A1  - Shilo, A. V.
A1  - Panchekha, A. P.
T1  - [Chaotic non-linear dynamics of alpha-band of the EEg and organization of the cortical activity of P300 wave] / Mogilevskiĭ, A. Ia. ; Kotliar, K. E. ; Shilo, A. V. ; Panchekha, A. P.
JF  - Zhurnal vyssheĭ nervnoĭ deiatelnosti imeni I P Pavlova. 58 (2008), H. 5
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 0044-4677
N1  - Original in Russisch ; English abstract
SP  - 562
EP  - 575
PB  - -
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
T1  - Functional in-vivo assessment and biofluidmechanical analysis of age-related and pathological microstructural changes in retinal vessels [Elektronische Ressource]
Y1  - 2008
N1  - München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008
PB  - -
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stadler, Andreas M.
A1  - Zerlin, Kay
A1  - Digel, Ilya
A1  - Büldt, Georg
A1  - Zaccai, Guiseppe
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
T1  - Dynamics and interactions of hemoglobin in red blood cells
JF  - Tissue Engineering Part A. 14 (2008), H. 5
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 1937-3341
N1  - TERMIS EU 2008 Porto Meeting June 22–26, 2008 Porto Congress Center–Alfândega Portugal
SP  - 724
EP  - 724
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
A1  - Digel, Ilya
A1  - Linder, Peter
A1  - Porst, Dariusz
T1  - Mechanism of haemoglobin sensing body temperature
JF  - Tissue Engineering Part A. 14 (2008), H. 5
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 1937-3341
N1  - TERMIS EU 2008 Porto Meeting June 22–26, 2008 Porto Congress Center–Alfândega Portugal
SP  - 754
EP  - 754
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ciobanu, Octavian
A1  - Staat, Manfred
A1  - Rahimi, Alireza
T1  - The use of open source software in biomechanical finite element analysis
JF  - Buletinul Institutului Politehnic din Iaşi / Universitatea Tehnică Gh. Asachi, Iaşi Secţia 5, Construcţii de maşini = Machine construction = Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Jassy = Izvestija Jasskogo Politechničeskogo Instituta
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 1011-2855
VL  - 54
IS  - 7/8
SP  - 213
EP  - 220
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Albracht, Kirsten
A1  - Arampatzis, A.
A1  - Baltzopoulos, V.
T1  - Assessment of muscle volume and physiological cross-sectional area of the human triceps surae muscle in vivo
JF  - Journal of Biomechanics
Y1  - 2008
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.04.020
SN  - 0021-9290
VL  - 41
SP  - 2211
EP  - 2218
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Staat, Manfred
A1  - Vu, Duc-Khoi
T1  - Limit analysis of flaws in pressurized pipes and cylindrical vessels. Part I: Axial defects
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 74 (2007), H. 3
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 0013-7944
SP  - 431
EP  - 450
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vu, Duc Khoi
A1  - Staat, Manfred
A1  - Tran, Ich Thinh
T1  - Analysis of pressure equipment by application of the primal-dual theory of shakedown
JF  - Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering. 23 (2007), H. 3
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 1069-8299
SP  - 213
EP  - 225
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vu, Duc Khoi
A1  - Staat, Manfred
T1  - Shakedown analysis of structures made of materials with temperature-dependent yield stress
JF  - International Journal of Solids and Structures. 44 (2007), H. 13
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 0020-7683
SP  - 4524
EP  - 4540
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Ohndorf, A.
T1  - 1st ACT Global Trajectory Optimisation Competition : Results found at DLR
JF  - Acta Astronautica. 61 (2007), H. 9
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 0094-5765
N1  - Global Trajectory Optimization ;  Results of the First Competition Organised by the Advanced Concept Team (ACT) of the European Space Agency (ESA)
SP  - 742
EP  - 752
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - McDonald, Malcolm
A1  - McInnes, Colin R.
A1  - Mengali, Giovanni
T1  - Impact of Optical Degradation on Solar Sail Mission Performance
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 44 (2007), H. 4
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 0022-4650
N1  - 2. ISSN: 1533-6794
SP  - 740
EP  - 749
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Wi, Bong
T1  - Solar Sail Kinetic Energy Impactor Trajectory Optimization for an Asteroid-Deflection Mission
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 44 (2007), H. 4
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 0022-4650
N1  - 2. ISSN: 1533-6794
SP  - 755
EP  - 764
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Mengali, Giovanni
A1  - Quarta, Alessandro A.
A1  - Circi, Christian
T1  - Refined Solar Sail Force Model with Mission Application / Giovanni Mengali ; Alessandro A. Quarta , Christian Circi ;  Bernd Dachwald
JF  - Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics. 30 (2007), H. 2
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 0162-3192
N1  - 2. ISBN: 0731-5090
SP  - 512
EP  - 520
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - MacDonald, Malcolm
A1  - McInnes, Colin R.
T1  - Heliocentric Solar Sail Orbit Transfers with Locally Optimal Control Laws / Malcolm Macdonald ; Colin McInnes ; Bernd Dachwald
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 44 (2007), H. 1
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 0022-4650
SP  - 273
EP  - 276
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Carnelli, I.
A1  - Vasile, M.
T1  - Optimizing low-thrust gravity assist interplanetary trajectories using evolutionary neurocontrollers / I. Carnelli ; B. Dachwald ; M. Vasile
JF  - IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2007 : CEC 2007 ; 25 - 28 September 2007, Singapore
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 978-1-424-41339-3
N1  - ISBN 10: 1-424-41339-7 ; IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation <2007, Singapore> ; 	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ; Nebent: CEC 2007 ; Parallel als Online-Ausg. erschienen
SP  - 965
EP  - 972
PB  - IEEE Service Center
CY  - Piscataway, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Linder, Peter
A1  - Digel, Ilya
A1  - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül
A1  - Kayser, Peter
A1  - Porst, Dariusz
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
T1  - High-throughput testing of mechanical forces generated in thin cell and tissue layers
JF  - Tissue Engineering. 13 (2007), H. 7
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 1076-3279
N1  - Meeting abstract 433
SP  - 1778
EP  - 1778
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Erbayraktar, Zubeyde
A1  - Yilmaz, Osman
A1  - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül
A1  - Cehreli, Ruksan
A1  - Coker, Canan
T1  - Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Antioxidant Defense and Glucose Homeostasis in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus
JF  - Biological Trace Element Research
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 1559-0720
VL  - 118
IS  - 3
SP  - 217
EP  - 226
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behbahani, Mehdi
A1  - Nicolai, M.
A1  - Probst, M.
A1  - Behr, M.
T1  - Simulation of Blood Flow in a Ventricular Assist Device
JF  - inSIDE. 5 (2007), H. 1
Y1  - 2007
SP  - 28
EP  - 31
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
A1  - Maier, Mathias
A1  - Bauer, Svetlana
A1  - Feucht, Nikolaus
T1  - Effect of intravitreal injections and volume changes on intraocular pressure: clinical results and biomechanical model / Kotliar, Konstantin ; Maier, Mathias ; Bauer, Svetlana ; Feucht, Nikolaus ; Lohmann, Chris ; Lanzl, Ines
JF  - Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. 85 (2007), H. 7
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 1755-3768
SP  - 777
EP  - 781
PB  - -
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zerlin, Kay
A1  - Digel, Ilya
A1  - Stadler, Andreas M.
A1  - Büldt, Georg
A1  - Zaccai, Guiseppe
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
T1  - Dynamics and interactions of hemoglobin in human red blood cells and concentrated hemoglobin solutions
JF  - Regenerative medicine. 2 (2007), H. 5
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 1746-0751
N1  - Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Regenerative Medicine. October 18-20, 2007. Leipzig, Germany
SP  - 573
EP  - 573
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Digel, Ilya
A1  - Zerlin, Kay
A1  - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül
A1  - Engels, S.
T1  - Protein dynamics in thermosensation
JF  - Regenerative medicine. 2 (2007), H. 5
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 1746-0751
N1  - Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Regenerative Medicine. October 18-20, 2007. Leipzig, Germany
SP  - 533
EP  - 533
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zerlin, Kay
A1  - Kasischke, Nicole
A1  - Digel, Ilya
A1  - Maggakis-Kelemen, Christina
A1  - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül
A1  - Porst, Dariusz
A1  - Kayser, Peter
A1  - Linder, Peter
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
T1  - Structural transition temperature of hemoglobins correlates with species’ body temperature
JF  - European Biophysics Journal. 37 (2007), H. 1
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 1432-1017
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Digel, Ilya
A1  - Kurulgan Demirci, Eylem
A1  - Linder, Peter
A1  - Kayser, Peter
T1  - Decrease in extracellular collagen crosslinking after NMR magnetic field application in skin fibroblasts
JF  - Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. 45 (2007), H. 1
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 1741-0444
SP  - 91
EP  - 97
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
A1  - Zerlin, Kay
A1  - Digel, Ilya
A1  - Stadler, Andreas M.
T1  - Physical discontinuities at body temperature in human red blood cells / Artmann, GM ; Zerlin, K ; Digel, I ; Stadler, A ; Zaccai, G ; Temiz, AA
JF  - Tissue Engineering. 13 (2007), H. 7
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 1076-3279
N1  - TERMIS-EU Meeting Abstracts London, UK September 4–7, 2007
SP  - 1778
EP  - 1778
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Arampatzis, Adamantios
A1  - Karamanidis, Kiros
A1  - Albracht, Kirsten
T1  - Adaptational responses of the human Achilles tendon by modulation of the applied cyclic strain magnitude
JF  - Journal of Experimental Biology
Y1  - 2007
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.003814
SN  - 0022-0949
VL  - 210
IS  - 15
SP  - 2743
EP  - 2753
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
T1  - Low-Thrust Mission Analysis and Global Trajectory Optimization Using Evolutionary Neurocontrol: New Results
T2  - European Workshop on Space Mission Analysis ESA/ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany 10 { 12 Dec 2007
N2  - Interplanetary trajectories for low-thrust spacecraft are often characterized by multiple revolutions around the sun. Unfortunately, the convergence of traditional trajectory optimizers that are based on numerical optimal control methods depends strongly on an adequate initial guess for the control function (if a direct method is used) or for the starting values of the adjoint vector (if an indirect method is used). Especially when many revolutions around the sun are re-
quired, trajectory optimization becomes a very difficult and time-consuming task that involves a lot of experience and expert knowledge in astrodynamics and optimal control theory, because an adequate initial guess is extremely hard to find. Evolutionary neurocontrol (ENC) was proposed as a smart method for low-thrust trajectory optimization that fuses artificial neural networks and evolutionary algorithms to so-called evolutionary neurocontrollers (ENCs) [1]. Inspired by natural archetypes, ENC attacks the trajectoryoptimization problem from the perspective of artificial intelligence and machine learning, a perspective that is quite different from that of optimal control theory. Within the context of ENC, a trajectory is regarded as the result of a spacecraft steering strategy that maps permanently the actual spacecraft state and the actual target state onto the actual spacecraft control vector. This way, the problem of searching the optimal spacecraft trajectory is equivalent to the problem of searching (or "learning") the optimal spacecraft steering strategy. An artificial neural network is used to implement such a spacecraft steering strategy. It can be regarded as a parameterized function (the network function) that is defined by the internal network parameters. Therefore, each distinct set of network parameters defines a different network function and thus a different steering strategy. The problem of searching the optimal steering strategy is now equivalent to the problem of searching the optimal set of network parameters. Evolutionary algorithms that work on a population of (artificial) chromosomes are used to find the optimal network parameters, because the parameters can be easily mapped onto a chromosome. The trajectory optimization problem is solved when the optimal chromosome is found. A comparison of solar sail trajectories that have been published by others [2, 3, 4, 5] with ENC-trajectories has shown that ENCs can be successfully applied for near-globally optimal spacecraft control [1, 6] and that they are able to find trajectories that are closer to the (unknown) global optimum, because they explore the trajectory search space more exhaustively than a human expert can do. The obtained trajectories are fairly accurate with respect to the terminal constraint. If a more accurate trajectory is required, the ENC-solution can be used as an initial guess for a local trajectory optimization method. Using ENC, low-thrust trajectories can be optimized without an initial guess and without expert attendance.
Here, new results for nuclear electric spacecraft and for solar sail spacecraft are presented and it will be shown that ENCs find very good trajectories even for very difficult problems. Trajectory optimization results are presented for 1. NASA's Solar Polar Imager Mission, a mission to attain a highly inclined close solar orbit with a solar sail [7] 2. a mission to de ect asteroid Apophis with a solar sail from a retrograde orbit with a very-high velocity impact [8, 9] 3. JPL's \2nd Global Trajectory Optimization Competition", a grand tour to visit four asteroids from different classes with a NEP spacecraft
Y1  - 2007
ER  -