TY - CHAP A1 - Akimbekov, Nuraly S. A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Razzaque, Mohammed S. T1 - Role of vitamins in maintaining structure and function of intestinal microbiome T2 - Comprehensive Gut Microbiota N2 - The recent advances in microbiology have shed light on understanding the role of vitamins beyond the nutritional range. Vitamins are critical in contributing to healthy biodiversity and maintaining the proper function of gut microbiota. The sharing of vitamins among bacterial populations promotes stability in community composition and diversity; however, this balance becomes disturbed in various pathologies. Here, we overview and analyze the ability of different vitamins to selectively and specifically induce changes in the intestinal microbial community. Some schemes and regularities become visible, which may provide new insights and avenues for therapeutic management and functional optimization of the gut microbiota. KW - Vitamin A KW - Vitamin B KW - Thiamine KW - Riboflavin KW - Niacin Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-12-822036-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819265-8.00043-7 SP - 320 EP - 334 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werfel, Stanislas A1 - Günthner, Roman A1 - Hapfelmeier, Alexander A1 - Hanssen, Henner A1 - Kotliar, Konstantin A1 - Heemann, Uwe A1 - Schmaderer, Christoph ED - Guzik, Tomasz J. T1 - Identification of cardiovascular high-risk groups from dynamic retinal vessel signals using untargeted machine learning JF - Cardiovascular Research N2 - Dynamic retinal vessel analysis (DVA) provides a non-invasive way to assess microvascular function in patients and potentially to improve predictions of individual cardiovascular (CV) risk. The aim of our study was to use untargeted machine learning on DVA in order to improve CV mortality prediction and identify corresponding response alterations. KW - Machine learning KW - Retinal vessels KW - Microcirculation KW - Haemodialysis KW - Myocardial infarction and cardiac death Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvab040 SN - 0008-6363 VL - 118 IS - 2 SP - 612 EP - 621 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uysal, Karya A1 - Creutz, Till A1 - Firat, Ipek Seda A1 - Artmann, Gerhard A1 - Teusch, Nicole A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül T1 - Bio-functionalized ultra-thin, large-area and waterproof silicone membranes for biomechanical cellular loading and compliance experiments JF - Polymers N2 - Biocompatibility, flexibility and durability make polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes top candidates in biomedical applications. CellDrum technology uses large area, <10 µm thin membranes as mechanical stress sensors of thin cell layers. For this to be successful, the properties (thickness, temperature, dust, wrinkles, etc.) must be precisely controlled. The following parameters of membrane fabrication by means of the Floating-on-Water (FoW) method were investigated: (1) PDMS volume, (2) ambient temperature, (3) membrane deflection and (4) membrane mechanical compliance. Significant differences were found between all PDMS volumes and thicknesses tested (p < 0.01). They also differed from the calculated values. At room temperatures between 22 and 26 °C, significant differences in average thickness values were found, as well as a continuous decrease in thicknesses within a 4 °C temperature elevation. No correlation was found between the membrane thickness groups (between 3–4 µm) in terms of deflection and compliance. We successfully present a fabrication method for thin bio-functionalized membranes in conjunction with a four-step quality management system. The results highlight the importance of tight regulation of production parameters through quality control. The use of membranes described here could also become the basis for material testing on thin, viscous layers such as polymers, dyes and adhesives, which goes far beyond biological applications. Y1 - 2022 SN - 2073-4360 VL - 14 IS - 11 SP - 2213 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Büsgen, André A1 - Klöser, Lars A1 - Kohl, Philipp A1 - Schmidts, Oliver A1 - Kraft, Bodo A1 - Zündorf, Albert T1 - Exploratory analysis of chat-based black market profiles with natural language processing T2 - Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications N2 - Messenger apps like WhatsApp or Telegram are an integral part of daily communication. Besides the various positive effects, those services extend the operating range of criminals. Open trading groups with many thousand participants emerged on Telegram. Law enforcement agencies monitor suspicious users in such chat rooms. This research shows that text analysis, based on natural language processing, facilitates this through a meaningful domain overview and detailed investigations. We crawled a corpus from such self-proclaimed black markets and annotated five attribute types products, money, payment methods, user names, and locations. Based on each message a user sends, we extract and group these attributes to build profiles. Then, we build features to cluster the profiles. Pretrained word vectors yield better unsupervised clustering results than current state-of-the-art transformer models. The result is a semantically meaningful high-level overview of the user landscape of black market chatrooms. Additionally, the extracted structured information serves as a foundation for further data exploration, for example, the most active users or preferred payment methods. KW - Clustering KW - Natural Language Processing KW - Information Extraction KW - Profile Extraction KW - Text Mining Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-989-758-583-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5220/0011271400003269 SN - 2184-285X N1 - 11th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications DATA - Volume 1, 83-94, 2022, Lisbon, Portugal SP - 83 EP - 94 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Jules A1 - Schwabedal, Justus T. C. A1 - Bialonski, Stephan T1 - Schlafspindeln – Funktion, Detektion und Nutzung als Biomarker für die psychiatrische Diagnostik JF - Der Nervenarzt N2 - Hintergrund: Die Schlafspindel ist ein Graphoelement des Elektroenzephalogramms (EEG), das im Leicht- und Tiefschlaf beobachtet werden kann. Veränderungen der Spindelaktivität wurden für verschiedene psychiatrische Erkrankungen beschrieben. Schlafspindeln zeigen aufgrund ihrer relativ konstanten Eigenschaften Potenzial als Biomarker in der psychiatrischen Diagnostik. Methode: Dieser Beitrag liefert einen Überblick über den Stand der Wissenschaft zu Eigenschaften und Funktionen der Schlafspindeln sowie über beschriebene Veränderungen der Spindelaktivität bei psychiatrischen Erkrankungen. Verschiedene methodische Ansätze und Ausblicke zur Spindeldetektion werden hinsichtlich deren Anwendungspotenzial in der psychiatrischen Diagnostik erläutert. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung: Während Veränderungen der Spindelaktivität bei psychiatrischen Erkrankungen beschrieben wurden, ist deren exaktes Potenzial für die psychiatrische Diagnostik noch nicht ausreichend erforscht. Diesbezüglicher Erkenntnisgewinn wird in der Forschung gegenwärtig durch ressourcenintensive und fehleranfällige Methoden zur manuellen oder automatisierten Spindeldetektion ausgebremst. Neuere Detektionsansätze, die auf Deep-Learning-Verfahren basieren, könnten die Schwierigkeiten bisheriger Detektionsmethoden überwinden und damit neue Möglichkeiten für die praktisch KW - Schlafspindeldetektion KW - Psychiatrische Biomarker KW - · Psychiatrische Erkrankungen/Diagnostik KW - Elektroenzephalographie KW - Deep Learning Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-022-01340-z SN - 1433-0407 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Springer CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Topçu, Murat A1 - Madabhushi, Gopal S.P. A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - A generalized shear-lag theory for elastic stress transfer between matrix and fibres having a variable radius JF - International Journal of Solids and Structures N2 - A generalized shear-lag theory for fibres with variable radius is developed to analyse elastic fibre/matrix stress transfer. The theory accounts for the reinforcement of biological composites, such as soft tissue and bone tissue, as well as for the reinforcement of technical composite materials, such as fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP). The original shear-lag theory proposed by Cox in 1952 is generalized for fibres with variable radius and with symmetric and asymmetric ends. Analytical solutions are derived for the distribution of axial and interfacial shear stress in cylindrical and elliptical fibres, as well as conical and paraboloidal fibres with asymmetric ends. Additionally, the distribution of axial and interfacial shear stress for conical and paraboloidal fibres with symmetric ends are numerically predicted. The results are compared with solutions from axisymmetric finite element models. A parameter study is performed, to investigate the suitability of alternative fibre geometries for use in FRP. KW - Natural fibres KW - Polymer-matrix composites KW - Biocomposites KW - Stress concentrations KW - Finite element analysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2022.111464 SN - 0020-7683 VL - 239–240 IS - Art. No. 111464 PB - Elsevier CY - New York, NY ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. T1 - Zielführend moderieren N2 - In der Teamarbeit wird Moderation zum Erfolgsfaktor, der jedoch häufig unterschätzt wird. Ausgehend vom persönlichen Kompetenzniveau verknüpft dieses Buch Grundlagen und Methoden zu Wegen, um Ihre persönliche Entwicklung individuell zu begleiten: Neulinge finden hilfreiche Checklisten und Basistechniken für ihre ersten Moderationen, Fortgeschrittene wertvolle Praxistipps und Methoden für den Ausbau ihrer Moderationskompetenz. Profis schließlich genießen eine raffinierte Aussicht auf weniger bekannte Techniken und neue Anwendungen. Weiterführende Exkurse zum Meeting-Management und zur Online-Moderation runden den Anwendungshorizont ab. Ob in Beruf, Studium oder Ehrenamt – derart ausgestattet gelingen Ihre eigene sowie die Entwicklung Ihres Teams durch zielführende Moderationen. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9783838556895 U6 - https://doi.org/10.36198/9783838556895 PB - UVK Verlag CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mandekar, Swati A1 - Holland, Abigail A1 - Thielen, Moritz A1 - Behbahani, Mehdi A1 - Melnykowycz, Mark T1 - Advancing towards Ubiquitous EEG, Correlation of In-Ear EEG with Forehead EEG JF - Sensors N2 - Wearable EEG has gained popularity in recent years driven by promising uses outside of clinics and research. The ubiquitous application of continuous EEG requires unobtrusive form-factors that are easily acceptable by the end-users. In this progression, wearable EEG systems have been moving from full scalp to forehead and recently to the ear. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that emerging ear-EEG provides similar impedance and signal properties as established forehead EEG. EEG data using eyes-open and closed alpha paradigm were acquired from ten healthy subjects using generic earpieces fitted with three custom-made electrodes and a forehead electrode (at Fpx) after impedance analysis. Inter-subject variability in in-ear electrode impedance ranged from 20 kΩ to 25 kΩ at 10 Hz. Signal quality was comparable with an SNR of 6 for in-ear and 8 for forehead electrodes. Alpha attenuation was significant during the eyes-open condition in all in-ear electrodes, and it followed the structure of power spectral density plots of forehead electrodes, with the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.92 between in-ear locations ELE (Left Ear Superior) and ERE (Right Ear Superior) and forehead locations, Fp1 and Fp2, respectively. The results indicate that in-ear EEG is an unobtrusive alternative in terms of impedance, signal properties and information content to established forehead EEG. KW - in-ear EEG KW - correlation KW - forehead EEG KW - impedance spectroscopy KW - biopotential electrodes Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041568 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Defosse, Jerome A1 - Kleinschmidt, Joris A1 - Schmutz, Axel A1 - Loop, Torsten A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Gatzweiler, Karl-Heinz A1 - Wappler, Frank A1 - Schieren, Mark T1 - Dental strain on maxillary incisors during tracheal intubation with double-lumen tubes and different laryngoscopy techniques - a blinded manikin study JF - Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia KW - anaesthetic complications KW - dental trauma KW - difficult airway KW - double-lumen tube intubation KW - videolaryngoscopy Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2022.02.017 SN - 1053-0770 VL - 36 IS - 8, Part B SP - 3021 EP - 3027 PB - Elsevier CY - New York, NY ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Blaneck, Patrick Gustav A1 - Bornheim, Tobias A1 - Grieger, Niklas A1 - Bialonski, Stephan T1 - Automatic readability assessment of german sentences with transformer ensembles T2 - Proceedings of the GermEval 2022 Workshop on Text Complexity Assessment of German Text N2 - Reliable methods for automatic readability assessment have the potential to impact a variety of fields, ranging from machine translation to self-informed learning. Recently, large language models for the German language (such as GBERT and GPT-2-Wechsel) have become available, allowing to develop Deep Learning based approaches that promise to further improve automatic readability assessment. In this contribution, we studied the ability of ensembles of fine-tuned GBERT and GPT-2-Wechsel models to reliably predict the readability of German sentences. We combined these models with linguistic features and investigated the dependence of prediction performance on ensemble size and composition. Mixed ensembles of GBERT and GPT-2-Wechsel performed better than ensembles of the same size consisting of only GBERT or GPT-2-Wechsel models. Our models were evaluated in the GermEval 2022 Shared Task on Text Complexity Assessment on data of German sentences. On out-of-sample data, our best ensemble achieved a root mean squared error of 0:435. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2209.04299 N1 - Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Natural Language Processing / Konferenz zur Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache (KONVENS 2022), 12-15 September, 2022, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany SP - 57 EP - 62 PB - Association for Computational Linguistics CY - Potsdam ER -