TY  - JOUR
A1  - Frauenrath, Tobias
A1  - Hezel, Fabian
A1  - Renz, Wolfgang
A1  - de Geyer d'Orth, Thibaut
A1  - Dieringer, Matthias
A1  - von Knobelsdorf-Brenkenhoff, Florian
A1  - Prothmann, Marcel
A1  - Schulz-Menger, Jeanette
A1  - Niendorf, Thoralf
T1  - Acoustic cardiac triggering: a practical solution for synchronization and gating of cardiovascular magnetic resonance at 7 Tesla
JF  - Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
N2  - Background
To demonstrate the applicability of acoustic cardiac triggering (ACT) for imaging of the heart at ultrahigh magnetic fields (7.0 T) by comparing phonocardiogram, conventional vector electrocardiogram (ECG) and traditional pulse oximetry (POX) triggered 2D CINE acquisitions together with (i) a qualitative image quality analysis, (ii) an assessment of the left ventricular function parameter and (iii) an examination of trigger reliability and trigger detection variance derived from the signal waveforms.

Results
ECG was susceptible to severe distortions at 7.0 T. POX and ACT provided waveforms free of interferences from electromagnetic fields or from magneto-hydrodynamic effects. Frequent R-wave mis-registration occurred in ECG-triggered acquisitions with a failure rate of up to 30% resulting in cardiac motion induced artifacts. ACT and POX triggering produced images free of cardiac motion artefacts. ECG showed a severe jitter in the R-wave detection. POX also showed a trigger jitter of approximately Δt = 72 ms which is equivalent to two cardiac phases. ACT showed a jitter of approximately Δt = 5 ms only. ECG waveforms revealed a standard deviation for the cardiac trigger offset larger than that observed for ACT or POX waveforms.

Image quality assessment showed that ACT substantially improved image quality as compared to ECG (image quality score at end-diastole: ECG = 1.7 ± 0.5, ACT = 2.4 ± 0.5, p = 0.04) while the comparison between ECG vs. POX gated acquisitions showed no significant differences in image quality (image quality score: ECG = 1.7 ± 0.5, POX = 2.0 ± 0.5, p = 0.34).

Conclusions
The applicability of acoustic triggering for cardiac CINE imaging at 7.0 T was demonstrated. ACT's trigger reliability and fidelity are superior to that of ECG and POX. ACT promises to be beneficial for cardiovascular magnetic resonance at ultra-high field strengths including 7.0 T.
KW  - Interval Time Series
KW  - Image Quality Score
KW  - Image Quality Assessment
KW  - Sound Pressure Level
KW  - Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Y1  - 2010
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-12-67
SN  - 1532-429X
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schiffer, Stefan
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
A1  - Lakemeyer, Gerhard
T1  - Abstracting Away Low-Level Details in Service Robotics with Fuzzy Fluents
JF  - Model-Driven Knowledge Engineering for Improved Software Modularity in Robotics and Automation.
Workshop at European Robotics Forum 2015
Vienna, Austria, March 11-13, 2015.
Y1  - 2015
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Bitz, Andreas
A1  - Alaydrus, M.
A1  - Streckert, J.
A1  - Hansen, V.W.
T1  - Absorption rates inside human body due to radiated electro-magnetic fields of multi-band base station antennas. Boundary value problems with electrically large and high-resolution bodies
T2  - 24th BEMS Annual Meeting, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, 23 - 27 June 2002
Y1  - 2002
SP  - 40
EP  - 41
PB  - Bioelectromagnetics Society
CY  - Frederick, MD
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Siepmann, Thomas
T1  - Abschlußbericht zum Vorhaben Nr. 22/IV
JF  - Forschungsvereinigung Antriebstechnik: Forschungsreport
Y1  - 1986
PB  - FVA
CY  - Frankfurt/M.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hagemann, Hans-Jürgen
A1  - Geittner, P.
A1  - Schnittker, W.
A1  - Warnier, J.
T1  - Abscheidegeschwindigkeiten und Prozeßausbeuten im PCVD-Verfahren. Geittner, P.; Hagemann, H. J.; Schnittker, W.; Warnier, J.; Weling, F.; Wilson, H.
JF  - Philips - Unsere Forschung in Deutschland / Hrsg.: Philips Forschungslaboratorium GmbH Aachen und Hamburg. 4 (1989)
Y1  - 1989
SP  - 140
EP  - 143
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fuchs, Britta
A1  - Ritz, Thomas
T1  - Absatzkanäle kaum verknüpft
JF  - IT-Mittelstand : IT-Business im Mittelstand
Y1  - 2011
VL  - 2011
IS  - 9
SP  - 16
PB  - Medienhaus-Verlag
CY  - Bergisch-Gladbach
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Alt, Helmut
T1  - Ab 1975 Uranerz aus Rabbit-Lake
JF  - Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen
Y1  - 1974
SN  - 0720-6240
VL  - 24
IS  - 1/2
SP  - 34
PB  - VDE-Verlag
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Faßbender, Heinz
T1  - A verified implementation of narrowing
JF  - Programming languages: implementations, logics and programs : proceedings / 7th International Symposium, PLILP '95, Utrecht, The Netherlands, September 20 - 22, 1995. Manuel Hermenegildo ... (ed.)
Y1  - 1995
SN  - 3-540-60359-X
N1  - (Lecture notes in computer science ; 982)
SP  - 63
EP  - 80
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Faßbender, Heinz
A1  - Vogler, Heiko
T1  - A universal unification algorithm based on unification-driven leftmost outermost narrowing
JF  - Acta Cybernetica. 11 (1994), H. 3
Y1  - 1994
SN  - 0324-721x
SP  - 139
EP  - 167
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Faßbender, Heinz
A1  - Vogler, Heiko
T1  - A universal unification algorithm based on unification driven leftmost outermost narrowing
Y1  - 1992
N1  - (Ulmer Informatik-Berichte ; 92,7)
PB  - Univ. Ulm, Fak. für Informatik
CY  - Ulm
ER  -