TY  - CHAP
A1  - Zahra, Mahdi
A1  - Phani Srujan, Merige
A1  - Caminos, Ricardo Alexander Chico
A1  - Schmitz, Pascal
A1  - Herrmann, Ulf
A1  - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José
A1  - Schmitz, Mark
A1  - Gielen, Hans
A1  - Gedle, Yibekal
A1  - Dersch, Jürgen
T1  - Modeling the thermal behavior of solar salt in electrical resistance heaters for the application in PV-CSP hybrid power plants
T2  - SOLARPACES 2020
N2  - Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) systems are able to store energy cost-effectively in their integrated thermal energy storage (TES). By intelligently combining Photovoltaics (PV) systems with CSP, a further cost reduction of solar power plants is expected, as well as an increase in dispatchability and flexibility of power generation. PV-powered Resistance Heaters (RH) can be deployed to raise the temperature of the molten salt hot storage from 385 °C up to 565 °C in a Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) plant. To avoid freezing and decomposition of molten salt, the temperature distribution in the electrical resistance heater is investigated in the present study. For this purpose, a RH has been modeled and CFD simulations have been performed. The simulation results show that the hottest regions occur on the electric rod surface behind the last baffle. A technical optimization was performed by adjusting three parameters: Shell-baffle clearance, electric rod-baffle clearance and number of baffles. After the technical optimization was carried out, the temperature difference between the maximum temperature and the average outlet temperature of the salt is within the acceptable limits, thus critical salt decomposition has been avoided. Additionally, the CFD simulations results were analyzed and compared with results obtained with a one-dimensional model in Modelica.
KW  - Solar thermal technologies
KW  - Hybrid energy system
KW  - Concentrated solar power
KW  - Energy storage
KW  - Photovoltaics
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-0-7354-4195-8
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086268
SN  - 1551-7616 (online)
SN  - 0094-243X (print)
N1  - 26th International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems
28 September–2 October 2020
Freiburg, Germany
IS  - 2445 / 1
PB  - AIP conference proceedings / American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville, NY
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwager, Christian
A1  - Angele, Florian
A1  - Nouri, Bijan
A1  - Schwarzbözl, Peter
A1  - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José
A1  - Herrmann, Ulf
T1  - Impact of DNI forecast quality on performance prediction for a commercial scale solar tower: Application of nowcasting DNI maps to dynamic solar tower simulation
T2  - SolarPACES conference proceedings
N2  - Concerning current efforts to improve operational efficiency and to lower overall costs of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants with prediction-based algorithms, this study investigates the quality and uncertainty of nowcasting data regarding the implications for process predictions. DNI (direct normal irradiation) maps from an all-sky imager-based nowcasting system are applied to a dynamic prediction model coupled with ray tracing. The results underline the need for high-resolution DNI maps in order to predict net yield and receiver outlet temperature realistically. Furthermore, based on a statistical uncertainty analysis, a correlation is developed, which allows for predicting the uncertainty of the net power prediction based on the corresponding DNI forecast uncertainty. However, the study reveals significant prediction errors and the demand for further improvement in the accuracy at which local shadings are forecasted.
KW  - Process prediction
KW  - DNI forecasting
KW  - Nowcasting
KW  - Uncertainty analysis
KW  - Molten salt receiver system,
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.675
SN  - 2751-9899 (online)
N1  - 28th International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems, 27-30 September, Albuquerque, NM, USA
IS  - Vol. 1
PB  - TIB Open Publishing
CY  - Hannover
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schulte, Jonas
A1  - Schwager, Christian
A1  - Frantz, Cathy
A1  - Schloms, Felix
A1  - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José
A1  - Herrmann, Ulf
T1  - Control concept for a molten salt receiver in star design: Development, optimization and testing with cloud passage scenarios
T2  - SolarPACES conference proceedings
N2  - A promising approach to reduce the system costs of molten salt solar receivers is to enable the irradiation of the absorber tubes on both sides. The star design is an innovative receiver design, pursuing this approach. The unconventional design leads to new challenges in controlling the system. This paper presents a control concept for a molten salt receiver system in star design. The control parameters are optimized in a defined test cycle by minimizing a cost function. The control concept is tested in realistic cloud passage scenarios based on real weather data. During these tests, the control system showed no sign of unstable behavior, but to perform sufficiently in every scenario further research and development like integrating Model Predictive Controls (MPCs) need to be done. The presented concept is a starting point to do so.
KW  - Molten salt receiver
KW  - Star design
KW  - Control optimization
KW  - Cloud passages
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.693
SN  - 2751-9899 (online)
N1  - 28th International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems, 27-30 September, Albuquerque, NM, USA
IS  - Vol. 1
PB  - TIB Open Publishing
CY  - Hannover
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Sattler, Johannes Christoph
A1  - Schneider, Iesse Peer
A1  - Angele, Florian
A1  - Atti, Vikrama
A1  - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José
A1  - Herrmann, Ulf
T1  - Development of heliostat field calibration methods: Theory and experimental test results
T2  - SolarPACES conference proceedings
N2  - In this work, three patent pending calibration methods for heliostat fields of central receiver systems (CRS) developed by the Solar-Institut Jülich (SIJ) of the FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences are presented. The calibration methods can either operate in a combined mode or in stand-alone mode. The first calibration method, method A, foresees that a camera matrix is placed into the receiver plane where it is subjected to concentrated solar irradiance during a measurement process. The second calibration method, method B, uses an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a quadrocopter to automatically fly into the reflected solar irradiance cross-section of one or more heliostats (two variants of method B were tested). The third calibration method, method C, foresees a stereo central camera or multiple stereo cameras installed e.g. on the solar tower whereby the orientations of the heliostats are calculated from the location detection of spherical red markers attached to the heliostats. The most accurate method is method A which has a mean accuracy of 0.17 mrad. The mean accuracy of method B variant 1 is 1.36 mrad and of variant 2 is 1.73 mrad. Method C has a mean accuracy of 15.07 mrad. For method B there is great potential regarding improving the measurement accuracy. For method C the collected data was not sufficient for determining whether or not there is potential for improving the accuracy.
KW  - Heliostat Field Calibration
KW  - Unmanned aerial vehicle
KW  - UAV
KW  - Quadrocopter
KW  - Camera system
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.678
SN  - 2751-9899 (online)
N1  - 28th International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems, 27-30 September, Albuquerque, NM, USA
IS  - Vol. 1
PB  - TIB Open Publishing
CY  - Hannover
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Sattler, Johannes Christoph
A1  - Atti, Vikrama
A1  - Alexopoulos, Spiros
A1  - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José
A1  - Herrmann, Ulf
A1  - Dutta, Siddharth
A1  - Kioutsioukis, Ioannis
T1  - DNI forecast tool for the smart operation of a parabolic trough collector system with concrete thermal energy storage: Theory, results and outlook
T2  - SolarPACES conference proceedings
N2  - This work presents a basic forecast tool for predicting direct normal irradiance (DNI) in hourly resolution, which the Solar-Institut Jülich (SIJ) is developing within a research project. The DNI forecast data shall be used for a parabolic trough collector (PTC) system with a concrete thermal energy storage (C-TES) located at the company KEAN Soft Drinks Ltd in Limassol, Cyprus. On a daily basis, 24-hour DNI prediction data in hourly resolution shall be automatically produced using free or very low-cost weather forecast data as input. The purpose of the DNI forecast tool is to automatically transfer the DNI forecast data on a daily basis to a main control unit (MCU). The MCU automatically makes a smart decision on the operation mode of the PTC system such as steam production mode and/or C-TES charging mode. The DNI forecast tool was evaluated using historical data of measured DNI from an on-site weather station, which was compared to the DNI forecast data. The DNI forecast tool was tested using data from 56 days between January and March 2022, which included days with a strong variation in DNI due to cloud passages. For the evaluation of the DNI forecast reliability, three categories were created and the forecast data was sorted accordingly. The result was that the DNI forecast tool has a reliability of 71.4 % based on the tested days. The result fulfils SIJ’s aim to achieve a reliability of around 70 %, but SIJ aims to still improve the DNI forecast quality.
KW  - Direct normal irradiance forecast
KW  - DNI forecast
KW  - Parabolic trough collector
KW  - PTC
KW  - Thermal Energy Storage
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/solarpaces.v1i.731
SN  - 2751-9899 (online)
N1  - 28th International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems, 27-30 September, Albuquerque, NM, USA
IS  - VOL. 1
PB  - TIB Open Publishing
CY  - Hannover
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Riga, Evi
A1  - Pitilakis, Kyriazis
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
A1  - Apostolaki, Stefania
A1  - Karatzetzou, Anna
ED  - Arion, Cristian
ED  - Scupin, Alexandra
ED  - Ţigănescu, Alexandru
T1  - Investigating the impact of the new European Seismic Hazard Model ESHM20 on the seismic design and safety control of industrial facilities
T2  - The Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology September 4 – September 9, 2022, Bucharest
N2  - The seismic performance and safety of major European industrial facilities has a global interest for Europe, its citizens and economy. A potential major disaster at an industrial site could affect several countries, probably far beyond the country where it is located. However, the seismic design and safety assessment of these facilities is practically based on national, often outdated seismic hazard assessment studies, due to many reasons, including the absence of a reliable, commonly developed seismic hazard model for whole Europe. This important gap is no more existing, as the 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model ESHM20 was released in December 2021. In this paper we investigate the expected impact of the adoption of ESHM20 on the seismic demand for industrial facilities, through the comparison of the ESHM20 probabilistic hazard at the sites where industrial facilities are located with the respective national and European regulations. The goal of this preliminary work in the framework of Working Group 13 of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering (EAEE), is to identify potential inadequacies in the design and safety control of existing industrial facilities and to highlight the expected impact of the adoption of the new European Seismic Hazard Model on the design of new industrial facilities and the safety assessment of existing ones.
KW  - ESHM20, industrial facilities
KW  - seismic hazard
KW  - seismic design
KW  - safety control
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-973-100-533-1
SP  - 3261
EP  - 3270
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Pütz, Sebastian
A1  - Baier, Ralph
A1  - Brauner, Philipp
A1  - Brillowski, Florian
A1  - Dammers, Hannah
A1  - Liehner, Luca
A1  - Mertens, Alexander
A1  - Rodemann, Niklas
A1  - Schneider, Sebastian
A1  - Schollemann, Alexander
A1  - Steuer-Dankert, Linda
A1  - Vervier, Luisa
A1  - Gries, Thomas
A1  - Leicht-Scholten, Carmen
A1  - Nagel, Saskia K.
A1  - Piller, Frank T.
A1  - Schuh, Günther
A1  - Ziefle, Martina
A1  - Nitsch, Verena
T1  - An interdisciplinary view on humane interfaces for digital shadows in the internet of production
T2  - 2022 15th International Conference on Human System Interaction (HSI)
N2  - Digital shadows play a central role for the next generation industrial internet, also known as Internet of Production (IoP). However, prior research has not considered systematically how human actors interact with digital shadows, shaping their potential for success. To address this research gap, we assembled an interdisciplinary team of authors from diverse areas of human-centered research to propose and discuss design and research recommendations for the implementation of industrial user interfaces for digital shadows, as they are currently conceptualized for the IoP. Based on the four use cases of decision support systems, knowledge sharing in global production networks, human-robot collaboration, and monitoring employee workload, we derive recommendations for interface design and enhancing workers’ capabilities. This analysis is extended by introducing requirements from the higher-level perspectives of governance and organization.
KW  - digital twin
KW  - digital shadow
KW  - cyber-physical production system
KW  - human-machine interface
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-1-6654-6823-7 (Print)
SN  - 978-1-6654-6822-0 (Online)
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/HSI55341.2022.9869467
SN  - 2158-2246 (Print)
SN  - 2158-2254 (Online)
N1  - 15th International Conference on Human System Interaction (HSI), 28-31 July 2022, Melbourne, Australia.
PB  - IEEE
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Niederwestberg, Stefan
A1  - Schneider, Falko
A1  - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José
A1  - Herrmann, Ulf
T1  - Introduction to a direct irradiated transparent tube particle receiver
T2  - SOLARPACES 2020
N2  - New materials often lead to innovations and advantages in technical applications. This also applies to the particle receiver proposed in this work that deploys high-temperature and scratch resistant transparent ceramics. With this receiver design, particles are heated through direct-contact concentrated solar irradiance while flowing downwards through tubular transparent ceramics from top to bottom. In this paper, the developed particle receiver as well as advantages and disadvantages are described. Investigations on the particle heat-up characteristics from solar irradiance were carried out with DEM simulations which indicate that particle temperatures can reach up to 1200 K. Additionally, a simulation model was set up for investigating the dynamic behavior. A test receiver at laboratory scale has been designed and is currently being built. In upcoming tests, the receiver test rig will be used to validate the simulation results. The design and the measurement equipment is described in this work.
KW  - Solar irradiance
KW  - Ceramics
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-0-7354-4195-8
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086735
SN  - 1551-7616 (online)
SN  - 0094-243X (print)
N1  - 26th International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems
28 September–2 October 2020
Freiburg, Germany
IS  - 2445 / 1
PB  - AIP conference proceedings / American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville, NY
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Morandi, Paolo
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
A1  - Breis, Khaled
A1  - Beyer, Katrin
A1  - Magenes, Guido
ED  - Arion, Christian
ED  - Scupin, Alexandra
ED  - Ţigănescu, Alexandru
T1  - Behaviour factor q for the seismic design of URM buildings
T2  - The Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology September 4 – September 9, 2022, Bucharest
N2  - Recent earthquakes showed that low-rise URM buildings following codecompliant seismic design and details behaved in general very well without substantial damages. Although advances in simulation tools make nonlinear calculation methods more readily accessible to designers, linear analyses will still be the standard design method for years to come. The present paper aims to improve the linear seismic design method by providing a proper definition of the q-factor of URM buildings. Values of q-factors are derived for low-rise URM buildings with rigid diaphragms, with reference to modern structural configurations realized in low to moderate seismic areas of Italy and Germany. The behaviour factor components for deformation and energy dissipation capacity and for overstrength due to the redistribution of forces are derived by means of pushover analyses. As a result of the investigations, rationally based values of the behaviour factor q to be used in linear analyses in the range of 2.0 to 3.0 are proposed.
KW  - unreinforced masonry buildings
KW  - modern constructions
KW  - seismic design
KW  - linear elastic analysis;
KW  - behaviour factor q
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-973-100-533-1
SP  - 1184
EP  - 1194
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Milijaš, Aleksa
A1  - Šakić, Bogdan
A1  - Marinković, Marko
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
A1  - Gams, Matija
A1  - Klinkel, Sven
ED  - Arion, Cristian
ED  - Scupin, Alexandra
ED  - Ţigănescu, Alexandru
T1  - Effects of prior in-plane damage on out-of-plane response of masonry infills with openings
T2  - The Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology September 4 – September 9, 2022, Bucharest
N2  - Masonry infill walls are the most traditional enclosure system that is still widely used in RC frame buildings all over the world, particularly in seismic active regions. Although infill walls are usually neglected in seismic design, during an earthquake event they are subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane forces that can act separately or simultaneously. Since observations of damage to buildings after recent earthquakes showed detrimental effects of in-plane and out-of-plane load interaction on infill walls, the number of studies that focus on influence of in-plane damage on out-of-plane response has significantly increased. However, most of the xperimental campaigns have considered only solid infills and there is a lack of combined in-plane and out-of-plane experimental tests on masonry infills with openings, although windows and doors strongly affect seismic performance. In this paper, two types of experimental tests on infills with window openings are presented. The first is a pure out-of-plane test and the second one is a sequential in-plane and out-of-plane test aimed at investigating the effects of existing in-plane damage on outof-plane response. Additionally, findings from two tests with similar load procedure that were carried out on fully infilled RC frames in the scope of the same project are used for comparison. Test results clearly show that window opening increased vulnerability of infills to combined seismic actions and that prevention of damage in infills with openings is of the utmost importance for seismic safety.
KW  - Seismic loading
KW  - In-plane load
KW  - Out-of-plane load
KW  - Interaction
KW  - Window opening
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-973-100-533-1
SP  - 2747
EP  - 2756
ER  -