TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rupp, Matthias
A1  - Schulze, Sven
A1  - Kuperjans, Isabel
T1  - Comparative life cycle analysis of conventional and hybrid heavy-duty trucks
JF  - World electric vehicle journal
N2  - Heavy-duty trucks are one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions in German traffic. Drivetrain electrification is an option to reduce tailpipe emissions by increasing energy conversion efficiency. To evaluate the vehicle’s environmental impacts, it is necessary to consider the entire life cycle. In addition to the daily use, it is also necessary to include the impact of production and disposal. This study presents the comparative life cycle analysis of a parallel hybrid and a conventional heavy-duty truck in long-haul operation. Assuming a uniform vehicle glider, only the differing parts of both drivetrains are taken into account to calculate the environmental burdens of the production. The use phase is modeled by a backward simulation in MATLAB/Simulink considering a characteristic driving cycle. A break-even analysis is conducted to show at what mileage the larger CO2eq emissions due to the production of the electric drivetrain are compensated. The effect of parameter variation on the break-even mileage is investigated by a sensitivity analysis. The results of this analysis show the difference in CO2eq/t km is negative, indicating that the hybrid vehicle releases 4.34 g CO2eq/t km over a lifetime fewer emissions compared to the diesel truck. The break-even analysis also emphasizes the advantages of the electrified drivetrain, compensating the larger emissions generated during production after already a distance of 15,800 km (approx. 1.5 months of operation time). The intersection coordinates, distance, and CO2eq, strongly depend on fuel, emissions for battery production and the driving profile, which lead to nearly all parameter variations showing an increase in break-even distance.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj9020033
SN  - 2032-6653
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SP  - Article No. 33
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Horbach, Andreas
A1  - Staat, Manfred
T1  - Optical strain measurement for the modeling of surgical meshes and their porosity
JF  - Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering
N2  - The porosity of surgical meshes makes them flexible for large elastic deformation and establishes the healing conditions of good tissue in growth. The biomechanic modeling of orthotropic and compressible materials requires new materials models and simulstaneoaus fit of deformation in the load direction as well as trannsversely to to load. This nonlinear modeling can be achieved by an optical deformation measurement. At the same time the full field deformation measurement allows the dermination of the change of porosity with deformation. Also the socalled effective porosity, which has been defined to asses the tisssue interatcion with the mesh implants, can be determined from the global deformation of the surgical meshes.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2018-0045
SN  - 2364-5504
VL  - Band 4
IS  - 1
SP  - 181
EP  - 184
PB  - De Gruyter
CY  - Berlin
ER  -