TY  - CHAP
A1  - Goldbach, Daniel
T1  - Management der funktionalen Sicherheit einer Entwicklung eines sicherheitskritischen Systems im Bereich Nutzfahrzeuge
T2  - Commercial vehicle technology 2010 : proceedings of the 1st Commercial Vehicle Technology Symposium (CVT 2010), March 16 - 18, 2010, Kaiserslautern / K. Berns ... (ed.)
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-8322-9040-5
SP  - 487
EP  - 495
PB  - Shaker
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Goldbach, Daniel
T1  - Fahrstabilitätserhöhung bei Gespannen durch Querverschiebung des Anhängerkupplungspunktes
JF  - mechatronik mobil
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 1867-7371
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
SP  - 23
EP  - 29
PB  - Expert Verlag
CY  - Renningen
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Reisgen, Uwe
A1  - Schleser, Markus
A1  - Mokrov, Oleg
A1  - Schmidt, A.
A1  - Rossiter, E.
A1  - Loose, T.
T1  - Durchgängige Schweißsimulation der Eigenspannung und des Gefügezustands auf Basis realer Schweißstromquellenparameter
T2  - DVS congress 2010 : Große Schweißtechnische Tagung ; Studentenkongress ; Statusseminar "Schneidtechnik" ; Abschlusskolloquium zum AiF-Forschungscluster "Integration des Rührreibschweißens in Fertigungsprozessketten" ; Vorträge der Veranstaltung in Nürnberg am 27. und 28. September 2010. (DVS-Berichte ; 267)
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-87155-592-3
SP  - 37
EP  - 42
PB  - DVS Media
CY  - Düsseldorf
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Pomp, Stefan
A1  - Schwarzbözl, Peter
A1  - Koll, Gerrit
A1  - Hennecke, Klaus
A1  - Schmitz, Mark
A1  - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard
T1  - Advanced concept for a solar thermal power plant with open volumetric air receiver
T2  - SolarPACES 2010 : the CSP Conference: electricity, fuels and clean water from concentrated solar energy ; 21 to 24 September 2010, Perpignan, France
Y1  - 2010
SP  - 97
EP  - 98
PB  - Soc. OSC
CY  - Saint Maur
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schwarzbözl, Peter
A1  - Pomp, Stefan
A1  - Koll, Gerrit
A1  - Hennecke, Klaus
A1  - Hartz, Thomas
A1  - Schmitz, Mark
A1  - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard
T1  - The solar tower Jülich - first operational experiences and test results
T2  - SolarPACES 2010 : the CSP Conference: electricity, fuels and clean water from concentrated solar energy ; 21 to 24 September 2010, Perpignan, France
Y1  - 2010
SP  - 8
EP  - 9
PB  - Soc. OSC
CY  - Saint Maur
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Buck, R.
A1  - Wurmhöringer, K.
A1  - Lehle, R.
A1  - Pfahl, A.
A1  - Göttsche, Joachim
A1  - Meyr, T.
T1  - Development of a 30m2 heliostat with hydraulic drive
T2  - SolarPACES 2010 : the CSP Conference: electricity, fuels and clean water from concentrated solar energy ; 21 to 24 September 2010, Perpignan, France
Y1  - 2010
SP  - 74
EP  - 75
PB  - Soc. OSC
CY  - Saint Maur
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Alexopoulos, Spiros
A1  - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard
A1  - Rau, Christoph
A1  - Schmitz, M.
A1  - Schwarzbözl, P.
A1  - Pomp, Stefan
T1  - Simulation results for a hybridized operation of a gas turbine or a burner for a small solar tower power plant
T2  - SolarPACES 2010 : the CSP Conference: electricity, fuels and clean water from concentrated solar energy ; 21 to 24 September 2010, Perpignan, France
Y1  - 2010
SP  - 82
EP  - 83
PB  - Soc. OSC
CY  - Saint Maur
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Baumann, T.
A1  - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José
A1  - Göttsche, Joachim
A1  - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard
A1  - O'Connell, B.
A1  - Schmitz, S.
A1  - Zunft, S.
T1  - Air/Sand heat exchanger design and materials for solar thermal power plant applications
T2  - SolarPACES 2010 : the CSP Conference: electricity, fuels and clean water from concentrated solar energy ; 21 to 24 September 2010, Perpignan, France
Y1  - 2010
SP  - 146
EP  - 147
PB  - Soc. OSC
CY  - Saint Maur
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Fricke, Barbara
A1  - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard
T1  - Ecobalance of a solar thermal tower power plant with volumetric receiver
T2  - SolarPACES 2010 : the CSP Conference: electricity, fuels and clean water from concentrated solar energy ; 21 to 24 September 2010, Perpignan, France
Y1  - 2010
SP  - 87
EP  - 88
PB  - Soc. OSC
CY  - Saint Maur
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Ziolko, C.
A1  - Schmitz, M.
A1  - Sattler, Johannes, Christoph
A1  - Khedim, Ahmed
A1  - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard
T1  - AlSol - the open volumetric receiver technology moves to Africa
T2  - SolarPACES 2010 : the CSP Conference: electricity, fuels and clean water from concentrated solar energy ; 21 to 24 September 2010, Perpignan, France
Y1  - 2010
SP  - 93
EP  - 94
PB  - Soc. OSC
CY  - Saint Maur
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Anthrakidis, Anette
A1  - Rusack, Markus
A1  - Schwarzer, Klemens
T1  - Low effort measurement method of PTC-efficiency
T2  - SolarPACES 2010 : the CSP conference: electricity, fuels and clean water from concentrated solar energy ; 21 to 24 September 2010, Perpignan, France
Y1  - 2010
SP  - 48
EP  - 49
PB  - Soc. OSC
CY  - Saint Maur
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Harms, Alexander
A1  - Reisgen, Uwe
A1  - Schleser, Markus
A1  - Schiebahn, Alexander
A1  - Thiele, Regina
T1  - Herausforderungen an die Fügetechnik: Leichtbau und Kosteneffizienz beim Elektrofahrzeug
JF  - Elektromobilität made in Aachen. (RWTH-Themen : Berichte aus der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen ; Ausg. 2010, 2)
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 0179-079X
SP  - 58
EP  - 60
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mukherjee, Krishnendu
A1  - Prahl, Ulrich
A1  - Bleck, Wolfgang
A1  - Reisgen, Uwe
A1  - Schleser, Markus
A1  - Abdurakhmanov, Aydemir
T1  - Characterization and modelling techniques for gas metal arc welding of DP 600 sheet steels
JF  - Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik
N2  - The objectives of the present work are to characterize the Gas Metal Arc Welding process of DP 600 sheet steel and to summarize the modelling techniques. The time-temperature evolution during the welding cycle was measured experimentally and modelled with the softwaretool SimWeld. To model the phase transformations during the welding cycle dilatometer tests were done to quantify the parameters for phase field modelling by MICRESS®. The important input parameters are interface mobility, nucleation density, etc. A contribution was made to include austenite to bainite transformation in MICRESS®. This is useful to predict the microstructure in the fast cooling segments. The phase transformation model is capable to predict the microstructure along the heating and cooling cycles of welding. Tensile tests have shown the evidence of failure at the heat affected zone, which has the ferrite-tempered martensite microstructure.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.201000692
SN  - 1521-4052
VL  - 41
IS  - 11
SP  - 972
EP  - 983
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Reisgen, Uwe
A1  - Schoene, Jens
A1  - Schleser, Markus
A1  - Jerabek, Jakub
A1  - Keil, Allessandra
ED  - Brameshuber, Wolfgang
T1  - Theoretical and experimental investigations on textile-reinforced concrete spalling behavior
T2  - Textile reinforced concrete : 2nd ICTRC : International RILEM Conference on Material Science : Aachen Germany, September 6 - 8, 2010. Vol. 1. (RILEM Proceedings PRO ;  75)
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-2-35158-106-3
SP  - 153
EP  - 162
PB  - RILEM Publ.
CY  - Bagneux
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Reisgen, Uwe
A1  - Schleser, Markus
A1  - Stieglitz, Anja
T1  - Kleben in anspruchsvollen Anwendungsbereichen
T2  - Jahrbuch Schweißtechnik 2011
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 0935-0292
SP  - 226
EP  - 235
PB  - DVS
CY  - Düsseldorf
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reisgen, Uwe
A1  - Schleser, Markus
A1  - Mokrov, Oleg
A1  - Ahmed, Essam
T1  - Uni- and bi-axial deformation behavior of laser welded advanced high strength steel sheets
JF  - Journal of materials processing technology
N2  - Bead-on-plate butt joints of 2.5 mm hot rolled DP600/DP600 and 1.2 mm cold rolled TRIP700/TRIP700 steel sheets were performed using 6 kW CO2 laser beam welding. The welding speed ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 and from 2.1 to 3.9 m/min in DP/DP and TRIP/TRIP steel weldments respectively. A top surface helium gas was used as a shielding gas at a flow rate of 20 l/min. Metallographic examinations and transverse tensile testing (DIN EN 895: 1995) were carried out to characterize the weldments. The formability of base metals and weldments were investigated by standard Erichsen test (DIN EN ISO 20482). It was found that the uniaxial plastic behavior of both DP600 and TRIP700 base metals was in agreement with Swift and modified Mecking–Kocks models respectively. In a perpendicular tensile test to the weld line, all specimens were fractured at the base metal however the strengths were somewhat higher than those of base metal. There was a significant reduction in formability caused by welding of both DP/DP and TRIP/TRIP steel weldments and the formability has been improved with the increase of the welding speed.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/http10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.08.003
SN  - 0924-0136
VL  - 210
IS  - 15
SP  - 2188
EP  - 2196
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Reisgen, Uwe
A1  - Schleser, Markus
A1  - Harms, Alexander
A1  - Schiebahn, Alexander
T1  - Konduktiv unterstütztes Rührreibschweißen an Stahl- und Aluminiumwerkstoffen
T2  - DVS congress 2010 : Große Schweißtechnische Tagung ; Studentenkongress ; Statusseminar "Schneidtechnik" ; Abschlusskolloquium zum AiF-Forschungscluster "Integration des Rührreibschweißens in Fertigungsprozessketten" ; Vorträge der Veranstaltung in Nürnberg am 27. und 28. September 2010. (DVS-Berichte ; 267)
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-87155-592-3
SP  - 394
EP  - 398
PB  - DVS Media
CY  - Düsseldorf
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Reisgen, Uwe
A1  - Schleser, Markus
A1  - Schiebahn, Alexander
A1  - Harms, Alexander
T1  - Einfluss der Maschineneigenschaften beim Widerstandspunktschweißen mit Schweißzangen
T2  - Treffpunkt Widerstandsschweißen : Vorträge der gleichnamigen Sondertagung in Duisburg am 05. und 06. Mai 2010 ; [21. DVS-Sondertagung Widerstandsschweissen 2010 ; Tagungsband]
Y1  - 2010
SP  - 147
EP  - 149
PB  - GSI SLV Duisburg
CY  - Duisburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reisgen, Uwe
A1  - Schleser, Markus
A1  - Mokrov, Oleg
A1  - Ahmed, Essam
T1  - Shielding gas influences on laser weldability of tailored blanks of advanced automotive steels
JF  - Applied surface science
N2  - The effects of shielding gas types and flow rates on CO2 laser weldability of DP600/TRIP700 steel sheets were studied in this work. The evaluated shielding gases were helium (He), argon (Ar) and different mixtures of He and Ar. Weld penetration, tensile strength and formability (Erichsen test) of laser welds were found to be strongly dependent upon the shielding gas types. The ability of shielding gas in removing plasma plume and thus increasing weld penetration is believed to be closely related to ionization potential and atomic weight which determine the period of plasma formation and disappearance. It was found that the higher helium shielding gas flow rate, the deeper weld penetration and the lower weld width.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.08.042
SN  - 0169-4332 (E-Journal); 0169-4332 (Print)
VL  - 257
IS  - 5
SP  - 1401
EP  - 1406
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ahmed, Essam
A1  - Reisgen, Uwe
A1  - Schleser, Markus
A1  - Mokrov, Oleg
T1  - On formability of tailor laser welded blanks of DP/TRIP steel sheets
JF  - Science and technology of welding and joining
N2  - This paper aims to evaluate the formability of tailor welded blanks of dual phase (DP600)/transformation induced plasticity (TRIP700) steel sheets. In this work, bead on plate butt joints of 2·5 mm DP600 and 1·2 mm TRIP700 steel sheets were performed using CO2 laser beam welding. Microhardness measurements and transverse tensile testing were carried out to characterise the welds. The formability of base metals and welds were investigated by standard Erichsen test. In a perpendicular tensile test to the weld line, all specimens were fractured at the TRIP base metal, and the strengths were somewhat higher than those of base metal. There was a significant reduction in formability caused by welding of the DP600/TRIP700 steel sheets, and the formability increased with increasing welding speed.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136217110X12731414739754
SN  - 1743-2936
VL  - 15
IS  - 5
SP  - 337
EP  - 342
PB  - Maney
CY  - Leeds
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schoene, Jens
A1  - Reisgen, Uwe
A1  - Schleser, Markus
A1  - Jerabek, Jakub
A1  - Chudoba, Rostislav
ED  - Fisher, Gregor
T1  - Theoretical and experimental investigations on textile-reinforced concrete spalling behavior
T2  - 8th International PhD Symposium in Civil Engineering : Lyngby, June 20-23, 2010 : proceedings
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 9788778773012
SP  - 383
EP  - 388
PB  - Technical University of Denmark, Dept. of Civil Engineering
CY  - Lyngby
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reisgen, Uwe
A1  - Schleser, Markus
A1  - Jerabek, Jakub
A1  - Chudoba, Rostislav
T1  - Messung der Strahlqualität einer Elektronenstrahlanlage in Umgebungsatmosphäre
JF  - Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik
N2  - In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat das Elektronenstrahlschweißen, das bereits im größeren Maßstab verwendet wird, seine Fähigkeit als qualitatives Werkzeug für die Verbindung verschiedener Materialen nachgewiesen. Das Non Vacuum Electron Beam Welding (NV-EBW) hat zahlreiche Vorteile im Vergleich zum Elektronenstrahlschweißen im Vakuum, da man unter normalem Atmosphärendruck arbeiten kann. Im Hinblick auf die reproduzierbare Qualität, insbesondere im Bereich der Massen-Fertigung, ist die Kontrolle der Strahlparameter sowie deren Einfluss auf das Schweißergebnis von großer Bedeutung. Durch eine genaue Kenntnis der Strahlkenngrößen wie des Strahldurchmessers und der Leistungsdichteverteilung kann eine Aussage über die sich ausbildende Schweißnaht sowie die Schweißbaddynamik getroffen werden. Messungen der Strahlkenngrößen im Prozess erlauben insbesondere die Untersuchung von Humping-Effekten. In diesem Beitrag wird der Prozess der Elektronenstrahlvermessung unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen beschrieben. Es wird zudem die Abhängigkeit der Elektronenstrahlcharakteristika von den verschiedenen Prozessparametern dargestellt.
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 1521-4052
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
SP  - 45
EP  - 52
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Reisgen, Uwe
A1  - Schoene, Jens
A1  - Schleser, Markus
A1  - Pak, Daniel
T1  - Fügetechniken für neuartige Bauweisen auf Basis von dünnwandigen Strukturelementen aus textilbewehrtem Beton
T2  - 30. Assistentenseminar Füge- und Schweißtechnik : Vorträge der gleichnamigen Veranstaltung auf der Burg Warberg vom 3. bis 5. September 2009. (DVS-Berichte. 268)
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-87155-260-1
SP  - 36
EP  - 43
PB  - DVS-Media
CY  - Düsseldorf
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Appel, Wolfgang
A1  - Brähler, Hermann
A1  - Dahlhaus, Ulrich
A1  - Esch, Thomas
A1  - Kopp, Stephan
A1  - Rhein, Bernd
T1  - Nutzfahrzeugtechnik : Grundlagen, Systeme, Komponenten. 6., überarb. Aufl.
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-8348-9757-2
PB  - Vieweg + Teubner
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - RPRT
A1  - Lanz, Marco
A1  - Fricke, Barbara
A1  - Anthrakidis, Anette
A1  - Genter, Mirjam
A1  - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard
A1  - Faber, Christian
A1  - Hauser, Eva
A1  - Klann, Uwe
A1  - Leprich, Uwe
A1  - Bauknecht, Dierk
A1  - Koch, Matthias
A1  - Peter, Stefan
T1  - CO2-Emissionsminderung durch Ausbau, informationstechnische Vernetzung und Netzoptimierung von Anlagen dezentraler, fluktuierender und erneuerbarer Energieerzeugung in Deutschland : Endbericht zum Vorhaben ; Kurzbezeichnung: CO2DEZ. Forschungsbericht / Umweltbundesamt. Bd. 1550. Förderkennzeichen: UFOPLAN 3707 46 100
Y1  - 2010
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Gall, J.
A1  - Abel, Dirk
A1  - Ahlbrink, N.
A1  - Pitz-Paal, R.
A1  - Andersson, J.
A1  - Diehl, M.
A1  - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José
A1  - Schmitz, M.
A1  - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard
T1  - Simulation and control of solar thermal power plants
T2  - International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality : ICREPQ '10 : Granada 23rd - 25th March 2010
Y1  - 2010
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Anthrakidis, Anette
T1  - Solare-Prozesswärme-Standards (Sol-Pro-St)
T2  - Thermische Solarenergie : 20. Symposium ; 05. bis 07. Mai 2010, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-941785-29-8
SP  - 182
EP  - 187
PB  - OTTI
CY  - Regensburg
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Anthrakidis, Anette
T1  - Schnelltest zur Abschätzung der Wirkungsgradkennlinie von Parabolrinnenkollektoren
T2  - Thermische Solarenergie : 20. Symposium ; 05. bis 07. Mai 2010, Kloster Banz, Bad Staffelstein
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-941785-29-8
SP  - 112
EP  - 117
PB  - OTTI
CY  - Regensburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jacobs, Stephan
T1  - Agilität in Großprojekten durch „Integration Driven Design“ : ein Erfahrungsbericht
JF  - Softwaretechnik-Trends (STT)
N2  - Der folgende Bericht fasst Erfahrungen zusammen, die in großen Entwicklungsprojekten der Firma Ericsson über mehrere Jahre gesammelt wurden. Ziel war dabei nicht, agile Methoden und Techniken einzusetzen - Agilität war zu der Zeit noch kein Hype-Thema. Vielmehr wurden Schwächen in den eigenen Projekten identifiziert und verbessert. Der Erfahrungsbericht vergleicht Verbesserungen in diesen Projekten mit den Ansätzen der agilen Entwicklung. Als Ergebnis werden folgende Punkte festgehalten: Erstens, einige Praktiken und Werte der agilen Entwicklung lassen sich auch in Großprojekten einsetzen. Zweitens, bei der Skalierung für Großprojekte werden diese Praktiken langsamer getaktet. Drittens, agile Entwicklung ist nicht nur eine Reihe von Praktiken und Werten, agile Entwicklung ist vielmehr auch eine Frage der Entwicklungs- und Projektkultur. Diese kulturelle Änderung lässt sich in Großprojekten deutlich langsamer umsetzen.
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 0720-8928
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
PB  - GI - Gesellschaft für Informatik
CY  - Bonn
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Risse, Henry
A1  - Bolle, Friedrich-Wilhelm
A1  - Müller, Karsten
T1  - Energiebilanzen und -potenziale von Abwasseranlagen : Vorstellung neuer Untersuchungsvorhaben in NRW
T2  - 11. Kölner Kanal- und Kläranlagen-Kolloquium am 29. und 30. Sept. 2010. Aachener Schriften zur Stadtentwässerung ASS. Bd. 14
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-938996-07-2
SP  - 27/1
EP  - 27/16
PB  - Ges. zur Förderung der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft an der RWTH Aachen
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Müller, Karsten
T1  - Bedarfsorientierte Instandhaltung von Kanalisationen
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-8167-8060-1
PB  - IRB Verl.
CY  - Stuttgart
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Meinhardt, Stefan
A1  - Kern, Christian
A1  - Kauffmann, Kristian
A1  - Jahraus, Jochen
A1  - Lindemann, Markus
T1  - Innovative Gestaltung von Geschäftsprozessen in der Konsumgüterindustrie : Marktumfeld - Herausforderungen - Vorgehensmodell - Praxisbeispiele - Handlungsempfehlungen / [SAP Consulting] Stefan Meinhardt ... Unter Mitarb. von ... Markus A. Lindemann ...
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-89864-527-0
PB  - dpunkt-Verl.
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Reimer, Lars
A1  - Braun, Carsten
A1  - Wellmer, Georg
A1  - Behr, Marek
A1  - Ballmann, Josef
T1  - Development of a modular method for computational aero-structural analysis of aircraft
T2  - Summary of flow modulation and fluid-structure interaction findings. Results of the Collaborative Research Center SFB 401 at the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, 1997-2008 / ed.: Wolfgang Schröder. Notes on numerical fluid mechanics and multidisciplinary design. Vol. 109
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-642-04087-0
SP  - 205
EP  - 238
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kapoor, Hrshi
A1  - Braun, Carsten
A1  - Boller, Christian
ED  - Casciati, Fabio
T1  - Modelling and optimisation of maintenance intervals to realize structural health monitoring applications on aircraft
T2  - Structural health monitoring 2010 : proceedings of the Fifth European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring held at Sorrento, Naples, Italy, June 28 - July 4, 2010 ; [EWSHM]
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-1-60595-024-2
SP  - 55
EP  - 63
PB  - DEStech Publ.
CY  - Lancaster, Pa.
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kapoor, Hrshi
A1  - Boller, Christian
A1  - Giljohann, Sebastian
A1  - Braun, Carsten
T1  - Strategies for structural health monitoring implementation potential assessment in aircraft operational life extension considerations
T2  - 2nd International Symposium on NDT in Aerospace : November 22-24, 2010 Hamburg, Germany
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-940283-28-3
PB  - Dt. Gesellschaft für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Penne, Jochen
A1  - Profittlich, Martin
A1  - Ringbeck, Thorsten
A1  - Buxbaum, Bernd
ED  - D, Nicola D'Apuzzo
T1  - Touchless detailed 3D scan of human hand anatomy using time-of-flight cameras
T2  - Proceedings of the International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies : Lugano, Switzerland, 19-20 October 2010
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-033-02714-5
SP  - 361
EP  - 369
PB  - Hometrica Consulting
CY  - Zürich
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Raatschen, Hans-Jürgen
T1  - 75 Jahre Vereinsgeschichte
T2  - Ingenieurfreunde FH Aachen : 75 Jahre Förderverein; Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik, Maschinenbau und Mechatronik
KW  - Geschichte
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-941704-03-9
SP  - 66
EP  - 72
PB  - Klinkenberg
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Raatschen, Hans-Jürgen
T1  - Von der Königlichen Höheren Maschinenbauschule Aachen zu den Ingenieurfachbereichen der FH Aachen
T2  - Ingenieurfreunde FH Aachen : 75 Jahre Förderverein; Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Luft- und Raumfahrttechnik, Maschinenbau und Mechatronik
KW  - Geschichte
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-941704-03-9
SP  - 13
EP  - 18
PB  - Klinkenberg
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
T1  - Kinetische Leuchtskulpturen : ein Projekt des Fachbereichs Gestaltung an der FH Aachen in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Rotary Club Aachen-Charlemagne
Y1  - 2010
PB  - FH Aachen
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Uibel, Thomas
A1  - Blaß, Hans Joachim
T1  - A new method to determine suitable spacings and distances for self-tapping screws
T2  - Meeting ... / International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction, Working Commission W18 - Timber Structures
N2  - The determination of spacing, edge and end distance requirements for self-tapping screws requires numerous and comprehensive insertion tests. Yet the results of such tests cannot be transferred to other types of screws or even to screws of different diameter because of differences in shape or geometry. To reduce the effort of insertion tests a new method was developed which allows the estimation of required spacings, distances and timber thickness.
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 1864-1784
N1  - Paper 43-21-2
VL  - 43
PB  - Lehrstuhl für Ingenieurholzbau und Baukonstruktionen
CY  - Karlsruhe
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Uibel, Thomas
A1  - Blaß, Hans Joachim
ED  - Cecotti, A.
T1  - Determining Suitable Spacings and Distances for Self-tapping Screws by Experimental and Numerical Studies
T2  - Proceedings of the 11th World Conference on Timber Engineering, WCTE 2010 : World Conference on Timber Engineering; [June 20 - 24, 2010, Riva del Garda, Trento, Italy] . Vol. III, Riva del Garda, Italy 2010
Y1  - 2010
N1  - Extended abstract. Full paper: DVD, Session 55, ID 108, 9 Seiten
SP  - 669
EP  - 670
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinzel, Alexander
A1  - Schäfer, Ralf
A1  - Müller, Hans-Wilhelm
A1  - Schieffer, Andre
A1  - Ingenhag, Ariane
A1  - Northoff, Georg
A1  - Franz, Matthias
A1  - Hautzel, Hubertus
T1  - Differential modulation of valence and arousal in high-alexithymic and low-alexithymic individuals
JF  - Neuroreport
N2  - High-alexithymic individuals are characterized by an impaired ability to identify and communicate emotions whereas low-alexithymic individuals have a wide-ranging ability to deal with emotions. This study examined the hypothesis that valence and arousal modifications of emotional stimuli differentially modulate cortical regions in high-alexithymic and low-alexithymic individuals. To this end, 28 high-alexithymic and 25 low-alexithymic individuals were investigated with event-related fMRI using visual emotional stimuli. We found differential neural activations in the dorsal anterior cingulate, the insula and the amygdala. We suggest that these differences may account for the impaired ability of high-alexithymic individuals to appropriately handle emotional stimuli.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0b013e32833f38e0
SN  - 1473-558X
VL  - 21
IS  - 15
SP  - 998
EP  - 1002
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinzel, Alexander
A1  - Schäfer, Ralf
A1  - Müller, Hans-Wilhelm
A1  - Schieffer, Andre
A1  - Ingenhag, Ariane
A1  - Eickhoff, Simon B.
A1  - Northoff, Georg
A1  - Franz, Matthias
A1  - Hautzel, Hubertus
T1  - Increased Activation of the Supragenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex during Visual Emotional Processing in Male Subjects with High Degrees of Alexithymia: An Event-Related fMRI Study
JF  - Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
N2  - Background: One of the most prominent neurobiological models of alexithymia assumes an altered function of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as the crucial neural correlate of alexithymia. So far functional imaging studies have yielded inconclusive results. Therefore, we tested this hypothesis in healthy alexithymics and nonalexithymics in an event-related fMRI study.
Methods: Thirty high- and 30 low-alexithymic right-handed male subjects (selected by the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS-20) were investigated with event-related fMRI using a picture viewing paradigm. The stimuli consisted of happy, fearful and neutral facial expressions (Ekman-Friesen) as well as positive, negative and neutral pictures from the International Affective Picture System.
Results: Contrasting the high-alexithymic with the low-alexithymic group we observed increased activation of the supragenual ACC for different emotional valences as well as for different emotional stimuli. Moreover, there was a positive correlation of the ACC with the individual TAS-20 scores but no correlations with the individual Beck Depression Inventory scores. Additionally, there was no difference in activity of the amygdala. 
Conclusions: We demonstrated that the supragenual ACC is constantly activated more strongly in alexithymic subjects and that this activation is related to the symptoms of alexithymia and not to associated symptoms such as depression. Therefore, our findings support the hypothesis of an altered function of the ACC in alexithymia.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000320121
SN  - 0033-3190
VL  - 79
IS  - 6
SP  - 363
EP  - 370
PB  - Karger
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Herzog, Hans
A1  - Pietrzyk, Uwe
A1  - Shah, N. Jon
A1  - Ziemons, Karl
T1  - The current state, challenges and perspectives of MR-PET
JF  - Neuroimage
N2  - Following the success of PET/CT during the last decade and the recent increasing proliferation of SPECT/CT, another hybrid imaging instrument has been gaining more and more interest: MR-PET. First combined, simultaneous PET and MR studies carried out in small animals demonstrated the feasibility of the new approach. Concurrently, some prototypes of an MR-PET scanner for simultaneous human brain studies have been built, their performance is being tested and preliminary applications have already been shown. Through this pioneering work, it has become clear that advances in the detector design are necessary for further optimization.

Recently, the different issues related to the present state and future prospects of MR-PET were presented and discussed during an international 2-day workshop at the Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany, held after, and in conjunction with, the 2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference in Dresden, Germany on October 27–28, 2008. The topics ranged from small animal MR-PET imaging to human MR-BrainPET imaging, new detector developments, challenges/opportunities for ultra-high field MR-PET imaging and considerations of possible future research and clinical applications. This report presents a critical summary of the contributions made to the workshop.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.10.036
SN  - 1053-8119
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
SP  - 2072
EP  - 2082
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Beer, S.
A1  - Streun, M.
A1  - Hombach, T.
A1  - Buehler, J.
A1  - Jahnke, S.
A1  - Khodaverdi, M.
A1  - Larue, H.
A1  - Minwuyelet, S.
A1  - Parl, C.
A1  - Roeb, G.
A1  - Schurr, U.
A1  - Ziemons, Karl
T1  - Design and initial performance of PlanTIS: a high-resolution positron emission tomograph for plants
JF  - Physics in Medicine and Biology
N2  - Positron emitters such as 11C, 13N and 18F and their labelled compounds are widely used in clinical diagnosis and animal studies, but can also be used to study metabolic and physiological functions in plants dynamically and in vivo. A very particular tracer molecule is 11CO2 since it can be applied to a leaf as a gas. We have developed a Plant Tomographic Imaging System (PlanTIS), a high-resolution PET scanner for plant studies. Detectors, front-end electronics and data acquisition architecture of the scanner are based on the ClearPET™ system. The detectors consist of LSO and LuYAP crystals in phoswich configuration which are coupled to position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes. Signals are continuously sampled by free running ADCs, and data are stored in a list mode format. The detectors are arranged in a horizontal plane to allow the plants to be measured in the natural upright position. Two groups of four detector modules stand face-to-face and rotate around the field-of-view. This special system geometry requires dedicated image reconstruction and normalization procedures. We present the initial performance of the detector system and first phantom and plant measurements.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/55/3/006
SN  - 1361-6560
VL  - 55
IS  - 3
SP  - 635
EP  - 646
PB  - IOP
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Helmig, Ilka
T1  - Nitty - fontnames illustrated
JF  - Slanted
KW  - Illustration
KW  - Typographie
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 1867-6510
IS  - 11
SP  - 68
EP  - 69
PB  - Slanted Publishers
CY  - Karlsruhe
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Kowalski, Julia
T1  - Streamline estimation from sparsely sampled q-space Magnetic Resonance data
Y1  - 2010
N1  - Master Thesis in Medical Physics, ETH Zurich
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Christen, Marc
A1  - Kowalski, Julia
A1  - Bartelt, Perry
T1  - RAMMS: Numerical simulation of dense snow avalanches in three-dimensional terrain
JF  - Cold Regions Science and Technology
N2  - Numerical avalanche dynamics models have become an essential part of snow engineering. Coupled with field observations and historical records, they are especially helpful in understanding avalanche flow in complex terrain. However, their application poses several new challenges to avalanche engineers. A detailed understanding of the avalanche phenomena is required to construct hazard scenarios which involve the careful specification of initial conditions (release zone location and dimensions) and definition of appropriate friction parameters. The interpretation of simulation results requires an understanding of the numerical solution schemes and easy to use visualization tools. We discuss these problems by presenting the computer model RAMMS, which was specially designed by the SLF as a practical tool for avalanche engineers. RAMMS solves the depth-averaged equations governing avalanche flow with accurate second-order numerical solution schemes. The model allows the specification of multiple release zones in three-dimensional terrain. Snow cover entrainment is considered. Furthermore, two different flow rheologies can be applied: the standard Voellmy–Salm (VS) approach or a random kinetic energy (RKE) model, which accounts for the random motion and inelastic interaction between snow granules. We present the governing differential equations, highlight some of the input and output features of RAMMS and then apply the models with entrainment to simulate two well-documented avalanche events recorded at the Vallée de la Sionne test site.
KW  - RAMMS
KW  - snow
KW  - avalanche
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2010.04.005
SN  - 1872-7441
VL  - 63
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Christen, Marc
A1  - Bartelt, Perry
A1  - Kowalski, Julia
T1  - Back calculation of the In den Arelen avalanche with RAMMS: Interpretation of model results
JF  - Annals of Glaciology
N2  - Two- and three-dimensional avalanche dynamics models are being increasingly used in hazard-mitigation studies. These models can provide improved and more accurate results for hazard mapping than the simple one-dimensional models presently used in practice. However, two- and three-dimensional models generate an extensive amount of output data, making the interpretation of simulation results more difficult. To perform a simulation in three-dimensional terrain, numerical models require a digital elevation model, specification of avalanche release areas (spatial extent and volume), selection of solution methods, finding an adequate calculation resolution and, finally, the choice of friction parameters. In this paper, the importance and difficulty of correctly setting up and analysing the results of a numerical avalanche dynamics simulation is discussed. We apply the two-dimensional simulation program RAMMS to the 1968 extreme avalanche event In den Arelen. We show the effect of model input variations on simulation results and the dangers and complexities in their interpretation.
KW  - avalanche
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 1727-5644
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756410791386553
VL  - 51
IS  - 54
SP  - 161
EP  - 168
PB  - Cambridge University Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fabo, Sabine
ED  - Mohr, Klaus
T1  - Sisyphus wird Steiff
JF  - Prädikat spießig (Boxhorn ; 21)
N2  - Eine Reise durch die fremde Welt eines Kaufhaus-Schaufensters. Plüschtiere mit eingebauter Bewegungstechnik - knuffig oder nur eine Ausformulierung des Ernst des Lebens?
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 1864-2535
VL  - 2010
SP  - 58
EP  - 61
PB  - FH Aachen, Fachbereich Gestaltung
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pieper, Martin
A1  - Klein, Peter
T1  - Numerical solution of the heat equation with non-linear, time derivative-dependent source term
JF  - International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering
N2  - The mathematical modeling of heat conduction with adsorption effects in coated metal structures yields the heat equation with piecewise smooth coefficients and a new kind of source term. This term is special, because it is non-linear and furthermore depends on a time derivative. In our approach we reformulated this as a new problem for the usual heat equation, without source term but with a new non-linear coefficient. We gave an existence and uniqueness proof for the weak solution of the reformulated problem. To obtain a numerical solution, we developed a semi-implicit and a fully implicit finite volume method. We compared these two methods theoretically as well as numerically. Finally, as practical application, we simulated the heat conduction in coated aluminum fibers with adsorption in the zeolite coating. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.2937
SN  - 0029-5981
VL  - 84
IS  - 10
SP  - 1205
EP  - 1221
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Chichester
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Digel, Ilya
T1  - In-situ biological decontamination of an ice melting probe
Y1  - 2010
N1  - 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly. Held 18-15 July 2010, in Bremen, Germany
Abstract unter https://www.cospar-assembly.org/abstractcd/OLD/COSPAR-10/abstracts/data/pdf/abstracts/F36-0013-10.pdf
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kozhalakova, A. A.
A1  - Zhubanova, Azhar A.
A1  - Mansurov, Z. A.
A1  - Digel, Ilya
A1  - Tazhibayeva, S. M.
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
A1  - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül
T1  - Adsorption of bacterial lipopolysaccharides on carbonized rice shell
JF  - Science of Central Asia (2010)
Y1  - 2010
SP  - 50
EP  - 54
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kurz, R.
A1  - Linder, Peter
A1  - Trzewik, Jürgen
A1  - Rüffer, M.
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
A1  - Digel, Ilya
A1  - Rothermel, A.
A1  - Robitzki, A.
A1  - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül
T1  - Contractile tension and beating rates of self-exciting monolayers and 3D-tissue constructs of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
JF  - Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing
N2  - The CellDrum technology (The term 'CellDrum technology' includes a couple of slightly different technological setups for measuring lateral mechanical tension in various types of cell monolayers or 3D-tissue constructs) was designed to quantify the contraction rate and mechanical tension of self-exciting cardiac myocytes. Cells were grown either within flexible, circular collagen gels or as monolayer on top of respective 1-mum thin silicone membranes. Membrane and cells were bulged outwards by air pressure. This biaxial strain distribution is rather similar the beating, blood-filled heart. The setup allowed presetting the mechanical residual stress level externally by adjusting the centre deflection, thus, mimicking hypertension in vitro. Tension was measured as oscillating differential pressure change between chamber and environment. A 0.5-mm thick collagen-cardiac myocyte tissue construct induced after 2 days of culturing (initial cell density 2 x 10(4) cells/ml), a mechanical tension of 1.62 +/- 0.17 microN/mm(2). Mechanical load is an important growth regulator in the developing heart, and the orientation and alignment of cardiomyocytes is stress sensitive. Therefore, it was necessary to develop the CellDrum technology with its biaxial stress-strain distribution and defined mechanical boundary conditions. Cells were exposed to strain in two directions, radially and circumferentially, which is similar to biaxial loading in real heart tissues. Thus, from a biomechanical point of view, the system is preferable to previous setups based on uniaxial stretching.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11517-009-0552-y
SN  - 1741-0444
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
SP  - 59
EP  - 65
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - Cham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Garhofer, Gerhard
A1  - Bek, Toke
A1  - Boehm, Andreas G.
A1  - Gherghel, Doina
A1  - Grundwald, Juan
A1  - Jeppesen, Peter
A1  - Kergoat, Hélène
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
A1  - Lanzl, Ines
A1  - Lovasik, John V.
A1  - Nagel, Edgar
A1  - Vilser, Walthard
A1  - Orgul, Selim
A1  - Schmetterer, Leopold
T1  - Use of the retinal vessel analyzer in ocular blood flow research
JF  - Acta Ophthalmol
N2  - The present article describes a standard instrument for the continuous online determination of retinal vessel diameters, the commercially available retinal vessel analyzer. This report is intended to provide informed guidelines for measuring ocular blood flow with this system. The report describes the principles underlying the method and the instruments currently available, and discusses clinical protocol and the specific parameters measured by the system. Unresolved questions and the possible limitations of the technique are also discussed.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01587.x
SN  - 1755-3768
VL  - 88
IS  - 7
SP  - 717
EP  - 722
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pressler, Axel
A1  - Esefeld, Katrin
A1  - Scherr, Johannes
A1  - Ali, Mohammad
A1  - Hanssen, Henner
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
A1  - Lanzl, Ines
A1  - Halle, Martin
A1  - Kaemmerer, Harald
A1  - Schmidt-Trucksäss, Arno
A1  - Hager, Alfred
T1  - Structural alterations of retinal arterioles in adults late after repair of aortic isthmic coarctation
JF  - The American Journal of Cardiology
N2  - Patients after coarctation repair still have an increased risk of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events. This has been explained by the persisting hypertension and alterations in the peripheral vessels. However, involvement of the central vessels such as the retinal arteries is virtually unknown. A total of 34 patients after coarctation repair (22 men and 12 women; 23 to 58 years old, age range 0 to 32 years at surgical repair) and 34 nonhypertensive controls underwent structural and functional retinal vessel analysis. Using structural analysis, the vessel diameters were measured. Using functional analysis, the endothelium-dependent vessel dilation in response to flicker light stimulation was assessed. In the patients after coarctation repair, the retinal arteriolar diameter was significantly reduced compared to that of the controls (median 182 μm, first to third quartile 171 to 197; vs 197 μm, first to third quartile 193 to 206; p <0.001). These findings were independent of the peripheral blood pressure and age at intervention. No differences were found for venules. The functional analysis findings were not different between the patients and controls (maximum dilation 3.5%, first to third quartile 2.1% to 4.5% vs 3.6%, first to third quartile 2.2% to 4.3%; p = 0.81), indicating preserved autoregulative mechanisms. In conclusion, the retinal artery diameter is reduced in patients after coarctation repair, independent of their current blood pressure level and age at intervention. As a structural marker of chronic vessel damage associated with past, current, or future hypertension, retinal arteriolar narrowing has been linked to stroke incidence. These results indicate an involvement of cerebral microcirculation in aortic coarctation, despite timely repair, and might contribute to explain the increased rate of cerebrovascular events in such patients.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.10.070
SN  - 0002-9149
VL  - 105
IS  - 5
SP  - 740
EP  - 744
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wiescher, A.
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
A1  - Neuhann, T.
A1  - Lanzl, Ines M.
T1  - Rasch progrediente Visusminderung beider Augen bei einem jungen Patienten
JF  - Der Ophthalmologe
N2  - Ein 34-jähriger männlicher Patient stellte sich zur Abklärung einer seit dem 9. Lebensjahr bestehenden und im letzten Jahr rasch progredienten Visusminderung beider Augen bei uns vor. Er beschrieb eine subjektiv zunehmende, im Spiegel für ihn selbst sichtbare, weißliche Trübung in der Pupille beidseits und eine starke Blendempfindlichkeit. Nebenbefundlich gab er rezidivierende Konjunktivitiden und morgens verklebte Lider an. Eine Allergie auf Gräserpollen und eine Unverträglichkeit auf Alkohol sowie mehrere Lebensmittel seien ebenfalls bekannt.

Zusätzlich leidet der Patient an stark ausgeprägtem atopischem Ekzem. Dieses wurde nie systemisch, sondern nur bei Bedarf mit kortisonhaltiger Salbe therapiert.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00347-007-1586-x
SN  - 1433-0423
VL  - 105
IS  - 4
SP  - 389
EP  - 392
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lanzl, Ines M.
A1  - Seidova, Seid-Fatima
A1  - Erben, A.
A1  - Thürmel, K.
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
T1  - Diffuse stromale Hornhauttrübungen und Veränderungen der Hände
JF  - Der Ophthalmologe
N2  - Bilaterale stromale Hornhauttrübungen sind für den Augenarzt eine differenzialdiagnostische Herausforderung. Im folgenden Beitrag werden 2 Patieninnen (30 und 36 Jahre) mit unterschiedlich stark ausgeprägter stromaler diffuser Hornhauttrübung vorgestellt. Patientin 1 war kleinwüchsig (114 cm) und Patientin 2 normal groß (172 cm). Beide Patientinnen wiesen veränderte Gelenkstrukturen an Hand und Fußgelenken sowie diffuse stromale Hornhauttrübungen auf. Des Weiteren lagen eine Mitral- und Aorteninsuffizienz (Patientin 1) bzw. eine Aorteninsuffizienz (Patientin 2) vor. Die stromalen diffusen Hornhauttrübungen ließen im Zusammenhang mit den Gelenkveränderungen ein Scheie-Syndrom vermuten. Therapeutisch ist bei Patienten mit Visusminderung eine (lamelläre) Keratoplastik sinnvoll.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00347-009-2066-2
SN  - 1433-0423
VL  - 107
IS  - 4
SP  - 363
EP  - 365
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
A1  - Nagel, Edgar
A1  - Vilser, Walthard
A1  - Seidova, Seid-Fatima
A1  - Lanzl, Ines
T1  - Microstructural alterations of retinal arterial blood column along the vessel axis in systemic hypertension
JF  - Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, IOVS
N2  - Purpose: Image analysis by the retinal vessel analyzer (RVA) observes retinal vessels in their dynamic state online noninvasively along a chosen vessel segment. It has been found that high-frequency diameter changes in the retinal artery blood column along the vessel increase significantly in anamnestically healthy volunteers with increasing age and in patients with glaucoma during vascular dilation. This study was undertaken to investigate whether longitudinal sections of the retinal artery blood column are altered in systemic hypertension.

Methods: Retinal arteries of 15 untreated patients with essential arterial hypertension (age, 50.9 ± 11.9 years) and of 15 age-matched anamnestically healthy volunteers were examined by RVA. After baseline assessment, a monochromatic luminance flicker (530–600 nm; 12.5 Hz; 20 s) was applied to evoke retinal vasodilation. Differences in amplitude and frequency of spatial artery blood column diameter change along segments (longitudinal arterial profiles) of 1 mm in length were measured and analyzed using Fourier transformation.

Results: In the control group, average reduced power spectra (ARPS) of longitudinal arterial profiles did not differ when arteries changed from constriction to dilation. In the systemic hypertension group, ARPS during constriction, baseline, and restoration were identical and differed from ARPS during dilation (P < 0.05). Longitudinal arterial profiles in both groups showed significant dissimilitude at baseline and restoration (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: The retinal artery blood column demonstrates microstructural alterations in systemic hypertension and is less irregular along the vessel axis during vessel dilation. These microstructural changes may be an indication of alterations in vessel wall rigidity, vascular endothelial function, and smooth muscle cells in this disease, leading to impaired perfusion and regulation.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.09-3649
SN  - 0146-0404
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
SP  - 2165
EP  - 2172
PB  - ARVO
CY  - Rockville, Md.
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Tünnemann, Thomas
T1  - formine 2010 ... ein Haus ... : Workshop ; Fachbereich Architektur  / Tünnemann, Thomas [Red.]
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-9811003-3-4
PB  - Fachhochschule Aachen, Fachbereich Architektur
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haselgruber, Nikolaus
A1  - Mautner, Karin
A1  - Thiele, Jan
T1  - Usage Space Analysis for Reliability Testing
JF  - Quality and Reliability Engineering International
N2  - During the development process of a complex technical product, one widely used and important technique is accelerated testing where the applied stress on a component is chosen to exceed the reference stress, i.e. the stress encountered in field operation, in order to reduce the time to failure. For that, the reference stress has to be known. Since a complex technical product may fail regarding numerous failure modes, stress in general is highly dimensional rather than scalar. In addition, customers use their products individually, i.e. field operation should be described by a distribution rather than by one scalar stress value. In this paper, a way to span the customer usage space is shown. It allows the identification of worst case reference stress profiles in significantly reduced dimensions with minimal loss of information. The application example shows that even for a complex product like a combustion engine, stress information can be compressed significantly. With low measurement effort it turned out that only three reference stress cycles were sufficient to cover a broad range of customer stress variety.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qre.1155
SN  - 1099-1638
N1  - Special Issue: Business and Industrial Statistics: Developments and Industrial Practices in Quality and Reliability
VL  - 26
IS  - 8
SP  - 877
EP  - 885
PB  - Wiley
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fornaciari, Andrea
A1  - Guidetti, Marco
A1  - Havermann, Marc
A1  - Lettini, Antonio
T1  - Maccine mobili più efficienti
JF  - Fluidotecnica
N2  - Secondo le attuali normative tutte le macchine mobili, entro il 2012, dovranno essere soggette a un incremento di efficienza energetica. Un’evoluzione del sistema idraulico potrà contribuire in maniera significativa al miglioramento richiesto. Elettronica e idraulica sempre più protagoniste.
Y1  - 2010
IS  - 345
SP  - 11
EP  - 14
PB  - Quine Business Publisher
CY  - Milano
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Havermann, Marc
A1  - Seiler, F.
A1  - Henning, P.
ED  - Dillmann, Andreas
ED  - Heller, Gerd
ED  - Klaas, Michael
ED  - Kreplin, Hans-Peter
ED  - Nitsche, Wolfgang
ED  - Schröder, Wolfgang
T1  - Shock Tunnel Experiments and CFD Simulation of Lateral Jet Interaction in Hypersonic Flows
T2  - New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics VII; Contributions to the 16th STAB/DGLR Symposium Aachen, Germany 2008
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 9783642142437
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14243-7_45
N1  - Notes on numerical fluid mechanics and multidisciplinary design 112
SP  - 365
EP  - 372
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lettini, Antonio
A1  - Havermann, Marc
A1  - Guidetti, Marco
A1  - Fornaciari, Andrea
T1  - Improved functionalities and energy saving potential on mobile machines combining electronics with flow sharing valve and variable displacement pump
JF  - IFK 7, 7th International Fluid Power Conference, Efficiency through Fluid Power, 7. Internationales Fluidtechnisches Kolloquium, Workshop Proceedings, Vol. 3, Aachen, DE, 22.-24. Mar, 2010
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-940565-92-1
N1  - IFK, 7, Internationales Fluidtechnisches Kolloquium, 7., Aachen, DE, 2010-03-22 - 2010-03-24
SP  - 103
EP  - 114
PB  - -
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Lemaitre, George
A1  - Blome, Hans-Joachim
ED  - Blome, Hans-Joachim
T1  - Von der klassischen Kosmologie zum Quantenkosmos
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-8171-3304-8
N1  - Ostwalds Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften ; Bd. 304
PB  - Deutsch
CY  - Frankfurt am Main
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard
A1  - Lan, Marco
A1  - Fricke, Barbara
A1  - Anthrakidis, Anette
A1  - Peter, Stefan
T1  - Struktur und Dynamik einer Stromversorgung mit einem hohen Anteil erneuerbarer Energieerzeuger. Kurzbezeichnung: Energiestudie. Schlussbericht
Y1  - 2010
N1  - BMU-Forschungsbericht. Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit / 2010 / 20110602205
PB  - Solar-Institut, FH Aachen
CY  - Jülich
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider, Bettina
A1  - Schneider, Wilhelm
T1  - Die Fallstudie: Konzernrechnungslegung
JF  - Das Wirtschaftsstudium : wisu ; Zeitschrift für Ausbildung, Examen, Berufseinstieg und Fortbildung
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 0340-3084
N1  - gedruckt in der Bereichsbibliothek Eupener Str. unter der Signatur: 43 Z 568
VL  - 39
IS  - 11
SP  - 1495
EP  - 1498
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Recker, Elmar
A1  - Bosschaerts, Walter
A1  - Wagemakers, Rolf
A1  - Hendrick, Patrick
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Börner, Sebastian
T1  - Experimental study of a round jet in cross-flow at low momentum ratio
JF  - 15th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics Lisbon, Portugal, 05-08 July, 2010 - 1
Y1  - 2010
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Börner, Sebastian
A1  - Robinson, A.
A1  - Hendrick, P.
A1  - Recker, E.
T1  - Low NOx H2 combustion for industrial gas turbines of various power ranges
JF  - 5th International Gas Turbine Conference ETN-IGTC, ETN-2010-42, Brussels, Belgium, October 2010
Y1  - 2010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Robinson, A. E.
A1  - Hendrick, P.
A1  - Wagemakers, R.
T1  - Design and Testing of a Micromix Combustor With Recuperative Wall Cooling for a Hydrogen Fuelled µ-Scale Gas Turbine
JF  - Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2010 : presented at the 2010 ASME Turbo Expo, June 14 - 18, 2010, Glasgow, UK / sponsored by the International Gas Turbine Institute / Vol. 5: Industrial and cogeneration ; microturbines and small turbomachinery ; oil and gas applications ; wind turbine technology
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-0-7918-4400-7
N1  - GT2010-23453 ; ASME Turbo Expo ; (Glasgow) : 2010.06.14-18
SP  - 587
EP  - 596
PB  - ASME
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
T1  - golog.lua: Towards a Non-Prolog Implementation of Golog for Embedded Systems
Y1  - 2010
SP  - 20
EP  - 28
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
T1  - golog.lua: Towards a Non-Prolog Implementation of Golog for Embedded Systems
JF  - Cognitive Robotics / Lakemeyer, Gerhard (ed.)
Y1  - 2010
N1  - Dagstuhl Seminar Proceedings ; 10081
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
A1  - Steinbauer, Gerald
T1  - On the Way to High-Level Programming for Resource-Limited Embedded Systems with Golog
JF  - Simulation, Modeling, and Programming for Autonomous Robots
Y1  - 2010
N1  - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ; 6472 ; Second International Conference, SIMPAR 2010, Darmstadt, Germany, November 15-18, 2010. Proceedings
SP  - 229
EP  - 240
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
T1  - Robot controllers for highly dynamic environments with real-time constraints
JF  - Künstliche Intelligenz : KI. 24 (2010), H. 2
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 1610-1987
SP  - 175
EP  - 178
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rens, Gavin
A1  - Varzinczak, Ivan
A1  - Meyer, Thomas
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
T1  - A Logic for Reasoning about Actions and Explicit Observations
JF  - AI 2010: Advances in Artificial Intelligence 23rd Australasian Joint Conference, Adelaide, Australia, December 7-10, 2010. Proceedings
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-3-642-17431-5
N1  - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ; 6464
SP  - 395
EP  - 404
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Niemüller, Tim
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
A1  - Beck, Daniel
A1  - Lakemeyer, Gerhard
T1  - Design Principles of the Component-Based Robot Software Framework Fawkes
JF  - Simulation, Modeling, and Programming for Autonomous Robots
Y1  - 2010
N1  - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ; 6472 ; Second International Conference, SIMPAR 2010, Darmstadt, Germany, November 15-18, 2010. Proceedings
SP  - 300
EP  - 311
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Niemüller, Tim
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
A1  - Lakemeyer, Gerhard
T1  - A Lua-based Behavior Engine for Controlling the Humanoid Robot Nao
JF  - RoboCup 2009: Robot Soccer World Cup XIII
Y1  - 2010
N1  - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ; 5949
SP  - 240
EP  - 251
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
A1  - Siebel, Nils T.
A1  - Steinbauer, Gerald
T1  - Hybrid control for autonomous systems — Integrating learning, deliberation and reactive control
JF  - Robotics and Autonomous Systems
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 0921-8890
VL  - 58
IS  - 9
SP  - 1037
EP  - 1038
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schiffer, Stefan
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
A1  - Lakemeyer, Gerhard
T1  - Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications (ICIRA 2011)
JF  - Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Applications (ICIRA 2011)
Y1  - 2010
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Leimena, W.
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül
A1  - Gossmann, Matthias
A1  - Digel, Ilya
T1  - Feasibility of an in-situ microbial decontamination of an ice-melting probe
JF  - Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal. 12 (2010), H. 2
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 1562-3920
SP  - 145
EP  - 150
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behbahani, Mehdi
A1  - Mai, A.
A1  - Bergmann, B.
A1  - Waluga, C.
A1  - Behr, M.
A1  - Tran, L.
A1  - Vonderstein, K.
A1  - Mottaghy, K.
T1  - Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Blood Damage
Y1  - 2010
N1  - Posterpresentation ; Umbrella Symposium "Modelling and Simulation in Medicine, Engineering and Sciences", Forschungszentrum Jülich, January 18-20, 2010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behbahani, Mehdi
A1  - Mai, A.
A1  - Waluga, C.
A1  - Bergmann, B.
A1  - Tran, L.
A1  - Vonderstein, K.
A1  - Behr, M.
A1  - Mottaghy, K.
T1  - Numerical Modeling of Flow-Related Thrombus Formation under Physiological and Non-Physiological Flow Conditions
JF  - Acta Physiologica
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 1748-1716
N1  - Joint Congress of the Scandinavian and German Physiological Societies, Copenhagen, Denmark, March 27-30, 2010
VL  - 198
IS  - Supplement 677
SP  - 185
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behbahani, Mehdi
A1  - Probst, M.
A1  - Mai, A.
A1  - Behr, M.
A1  - Tran, L.
A1  - Vonderstein, K.
A1  - Mottaghy, K.
T1  - Numerical Prediction of Blood Damage in Biomedical Devices
Y1  - 2010
N1  - Posterpresentation ; Biomedica Congress, Aachen, March 17-18, 2010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Probst, M.
A1  - Behbahani, Mehdi
A1  - Borrmann, E.
A1  - Elgeti, S.
A1  - Nicolai, M.
A1  - Behr, M.
T1  - Hemodynamic Modeling for Numerical Analysis and Design of Medical Devices
Y1  - 2010
N1  - Posterpresentation ; NIC Symposium 2010 ; 24 - 25 February 2010 Jülich, Germany
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behbahani, Mehdi
A1  - Nam, J.
A1  - Waluga, C.
A1  - Behr, M.
A1  - Pasquali, M.
A1  - Mottaghy, K.
T1  - Modeling and Numerical Analysis of Platelet Activation, Adhesion and Aggregation in Artificial Organs
Y1  - 2010
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.mat.0000369377.65122.a3
N1  - Posterpresentation American Society of Artificial Organs (ASAIO), Baltimore, USA, May 27-29, 2010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jansen, S. V.
A1  - Behbahani, Mehdi
A1  - Laumen, M.
A1  - Kaufmann, T.
A1  - Hormes, M.
A1  - Behr, M.
A1  - Schmitz-Rode, T.
A1  - Steinseifer, U.
T1  - Investigation of Steady Flow Through a Realistic Model of the Thoracic Human Aorta Using 3D Stereo PIV and CFD-Simulation
Y1  - 2010
N1  - Posterpresentation ; American Society of Artificial Organs (ASAIO), Baltimore, USA, May 27-29, 2010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nam, J.
A1  - Arora, D.
A1  - Behbahani, Mehdi
A1  - Probst, M.
A1  - Benkowski, R.
A1  - Behr, M.
A1  - Pasquali, M.
T1  - New computational method in hemolysis analysis for artificial heart pump
Y1  - 2010
N1  - Posterpresentation ; American Society of Artificial Organs (ASAIO), Baltimore, USA, May 27-29, 2010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Göttsche, Joachim
A1  - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard
A1  - Schmitz, Stefan
A1  - Sauerborn, Markus
T1  - Solar Concentrating Systems Using Small Mirror Arrays
JF  - Journal of solar energy engineering
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 0199-6231
VL  - Vol. 132
IS  - Iss. 1
SP  - 4 S.
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hillgärtner, Michael
T1  - Normative Regulations
JF  - ECPE Cluster Seminar EMC in Hybrid and Electric Vehicles : 18 May 2010, Fraunhofer Institute Erlangen
Y1  - 2010
N1  - Seminar EMC in Hybrid and Electric Vehicles <2010, Erlangen>
PB  - European Center for Power Electronics
CY  - Nürnberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Börner, Sebastian
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Hendrick, P.
A1  - Recker, E.
T1  - Control system modifications for a hydrogen fuelled gas-turbine
JF  - ISROMAC 13, 13th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotating Machinery, Honolulu, HI, US, Apr 4-7, 2010
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-1-617-38848-4
SP  - 665
EP  - 670
PB  - Curran
CY  - Red Hook, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Behbahani, Mehdi
A1  - Probst, M.
A1  - Mai, A.
A1  - Tran, L.
A1  - Vonderstein, K.
A1  - Keschenau, P.
A1  - Linde, T.
A1  - Steinseifer, U.
A1  - Behr, M.
A1  - Mottaghy, K.
T1  - The influence of high shear on thrombosis and hemolysis in artificial organs
JF  - Artificial Organs
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 0391-3988
N1  - Special Issue: SI ; Meeting abstract
VL  - 33
IS  - 7
SP  - 426
EP  - 426
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jansen, Sebastian
A1  - Behbahani, Mehdi
A1  - Laumen, Marco
A1  - Kaufmann, Tim
A1  - Hormes, Marcus
A1  - Schmitz-Rode, Thomas
A1  - Behr, Marek
A1  - Steinseifer, Ulrich
T1  - 3D Stereo-PIV Validation for CFD-Simulation of Steady Flow through the Human Aorta using Rapid-Prototyping techniques
Y1  - 2010
N1  - abstract ; IV International Symposium on Modelling of Physiological Flows, Sardinia, Italy, June 02-05, 2010 ; MPF2010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maiwald, Volker
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
T1  - Mission Design for a Multiple-Rendezvous Mission to Jupiter's Trojans
Y1  - 2010
N1  - COSPAR 2010 ; 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly. Held 18-25 July 2010 in Bremen, Germany [Abstract]
SP  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gebhardt, Andreas
A1  - Schmidt, Frank-Michael
A1  - Hötter, Jan-Steffen
A1  - Sokalla, Wolfgang
A1  - Sokalla, Patrick
T1  - Additive Manufacturing by selective laser melting the realizer desktop machine and its application for the dental industry
JF  - Physics Procedia
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 1875-3892
N1  - Laser Assisted Net Shape Engineering 6, Proceedings of the LANE 2010, Part 2
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
SP  - 543
EP  - 549
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Geimer, Konstantin
A1  - Sauerborn, Markus
A1  - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard
A1  - Schmitz, Mark
A1  - Göttsche, Joachim
T1  - Test Facility for Absorber Specimens of Solar Tower Power Plants
JF  - Advances in Science and Technology. 74 (2010)
Y1  - 2010
N1  - 5th Forum on New Materials : CIMTEC 2010, Montecatini Terme, Italy 13-18 June 2010. Part C
SP  - 266
EP  - 271
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Alexopoulos, Spiros
A1  - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard
T1  - Solarthermische Kraftwerke mit thermischen Speichern
JF  - Chemie Ingenieur Technik. 82 (2010), H. 9
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 1522-2640
N1  - Special Issue: ProcessNet-Jahrestagung 2010 und 28. Jahrestagung der Biotechnologen V9.01 [Abstract des Vortrags]
SP  - 1606
EP  - 1606
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Srivastava, A.
A1  - Singh, V.
A1  - Aggarwal, P.
A1  - Schneeweiss, F.
A1  - Scherer, Ulrich W.
A1  - Friedrich, W.
T1  - Optical studies of insulating polymers for radiation dose monitoring
JF  - Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 0019-5596
N1  - Special Issue: SI
VL  - 48
IS  - 11
SP  - 782
EP  - 786
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Heuermann, Holger
A1  - Simon, Sven
A1  - Ibrahim, Irfan
T1  - Konzeption und Realisierung eines spektralreinen vektoriellen Transmitters mit CMOS-Sigma-Delta-Synthesizern im 1-5 GHz-Bereich / Antragsteller: Fachhochschule Aachen ... Teilprojektleitung: Heuermann
Y1  - 2010
N1  - Förderkennzeichen BMBF 1733A05 - 1733305
PB  - Fachhochschule
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Miyamoto, Ko-ichiro
A1  - Kaneko, Kazumi
A1  - Matsuo, Akira
A1  - Wagner, Torsten
A1  - Kanoh, Shin`ichiro
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Yoshinobu, Tatsuo
T1  - Miniaturized chemical imaging sensor system using an OLED display panel
JF  - Procedia Engineering. 5 (2010)
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 1877-7058
N1  - Eurosensor XXIV Conference
SP  - 516
EP  - 519
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bohrn, U.
A1  - Stütz, E.
A1  - Fleischer, M.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Real-time detection of CO by eukaryotic cells
JF  - Procedia Engineering. 5 (2010)
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 1877-7058
N1  - Eurosensor XXIV Conference
SP  - 17
EP  - 20
ER  -