TY  - JOUR
A1  - Karschuck, Tobias
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Ser, Joey
A1  - Tsokolakyan, Astghik
A1  - Achtsnicht, Stefan
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Capacitive model of enzyme-modified field-effect biosensors: Impact of enzyme coverage
JF  - Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
N2  - Electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitors (EISCAP) belong to field-effect sensors having an attractive transducer architecture for constructing various biochemical sensors. In this study, a capacitive model of enzyme-modified EISCAPs has been developed and the impact of the surface coverage of immobilized enzymes on its capacitance-voltage and constant-capacitance characteristics was studied theoretically and experimentally. The used multicell arrangement enables a multiplexed electrochemical characterization of up to sixteen EISCAPs. Different enzyme coverages have been achieved by means of parallel electrical connection of bare and enzyme-covered single EISCAPs in diverse combinations. As predicted by the model, with increasing the enzyme coverage, both the shift of capacitance-voltage curves and the amplitude of the constant-capacitance signal increase, resulting in an enhancement of analyte sensitivity of the EISCAP biosensor. In addition, the capability of the multicell arrangement with multi-enzyme covered EISCAPs for sequentially detecting multianalytes (penicillin and urea) utilizing the enzymes penicillinase and urease has been experimentally demonstrated and discussed.
KW  - Field-effect biosensor
KW  - Capacitive model
KW  - Enzyme coverage
KW  - Multianalyte detection
KW  - Penicillin
Y1  - 2024
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2024.135530
SN  - 0925-4005 (Print)
SN  - 1873-3077 (Online)
N1  - Corresponding Author: Michael J. Schöning
VL  - 408
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Karschuck, Tobias
A1  - Schmidt, Stefan
A1  - Achtsnicht, Stefan
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Multiplexing system for automated characterization of a capacitive field-effect sensor array
JF  - Physica Status Solidi A
N2  - In comparison to single-analyte devices, multiplexed systems for a multianalyte detection offer a reduced assay time and sample volume, low cost, and high throughput. Herein, a multiplexing platform for an automated quasi-simultaneous characterization of multiple (up to 16) capacitive field-effect sensors by the capacitive–voltage (C–V) and the constant-capacitance (ConCap) mode is presented. The sensors are mounted in a newly designed multicell arrangement with one common reference electrode and are electrically connected to the impedance analyzer via the base station. A Python script for the automated characterization of the sensors executes the user-defined measurement protocol. The developed multiplexing system is tested for pH measurements and the label-free detection of ligand-stabilized, charged gold nanoparticles.
KW  - Capacitive field-effect sensor
KW  - Gold nanoparticles
KW  - Label-free detection
KW  - Multicell
KW  - Multiplexing
Y1  - 2023
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202300265
SN  - 1862-6300 (Print)
SN  - 1862-6319 (Online)
N1  - Corresponding author: Michael Josef Schöning
VL  - 220
IS  - 22
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Givanoudi, Stella
A1  - Cornelis, Peter
A1  - Rasschaert, Geertrui
A1  - Wackers, Gideon
A1  - Iken, Heiko
A1  - Rolka, David
A1  - Yongabi, Derick
A1  - Robbens, Johan
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Heyndrickx, Marc
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
T1  - Selective Campylobacter detection and quantification in poultry: A sensor tool for detecting the cause of a common zoonosis at its source
JF  - Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.129484
SN  - 0925-4005
IS  - In Press, Journal Pre-proof
SP  - Article 129484
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dantism, Shahriar
A1  - Röhlen, Desiree
A1  - Dahmen, Markus
A1  - Wagner, Torsten
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - LAPS-based monitoring of metabolic responses of bacterial cultures in a paper fermentation broth
JF  - Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
N2  - As an alternative renewable energy source, methane production in biogas plants is gaining more and more attention. Biomass in a bioreactor contains different types of microorganisms, which should be considered in terms of process-stability control. Metabolically inactive microorganisms within the fermentation process can lead to undesirable, time-consuming and cost-intensive interventions. Hence, monitoring of the cellular metabolism of bacterial populations in a fermentation broth is crucial to improve the biogas production, operation efficiency, and sustainability. In this work, the extracellular acidification of bacteria in a paper-fermentation broth is monitored after glucose uptake, utilizing a differential light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) system. The LAPS system is loaded with three different model microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Lactobacillus brevis) and the effect of the fermentation broth at different process stages on the metabolism of these bacteria is studied. In this way, different signal patterns related to the metabolic response of microorganisms can be identified. By means of calibration curves after glucose uptake, the overall extracellular acidification of bacterial populations within the fermentation process can be evaluated.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.128232
SN  - 0925-4005
VL  - 320
IS  - Art. 128232
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dantism, Shahriar
A1  - Röhlen, Desiree
A1  - Selmer, Thorsten
A1  - Wagner, Torsten
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Quantitative differential monitoring of the metabolic activity of Corynebacterium glutamicum cultures utilizing a light-addressable potentiometric sensor system
JF  - Biosensors and Bioelectronics
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.111332
VL  - 139
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cornelis, Peter
A1  - Givanoudi, Stella
A1  - Yongabi, Derick
A1  - Iken, Heiko
A1  - Duwé, Sam
A1  - Deschaume, Olivier
A1  - Robbens, Johan
A1  - Dedecker, Peter
A1  - Bartic, Carmen
A1  - Wübbenhorst, Michael
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Heyndrickx, Marc
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
T1  - Sensitive and specific detection of E. coli using biomimetic receptors in combination with a modified heat-transfer method
JF  - Biosensors and Bioelectronics
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2019.04.026
SN  - 0956-5663
VL  - 136
SP  - 97
EP  - 105
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Welden, Rene
A1  - Scheja, Sabrina
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Wagner, Torsten
T1  - Electrochemical Evaluation of Light‐Addressable Electrodes Based on TiO2 for the Integration in Lab‐on‐Chip Systems
JF  - physica status solidi a : applications and materials sciences
N2  - In lab-on-chip systems, electrodes are important for the manipulation (e.g., cell stimulation, electrolysis) within such systems. An alternative to commonly used electrode structures can be a light-addressable electrode. Here, due to the photoelectric effect, the conducting area can be adjusted by modification of the illumination area which enables a flexible control of the electrode. In this work, titanium dioxide based light-addressable electrodes are fabricated by a sol–gel technique and a spin-coating process, to deposit a thin film on a fluorine-doped tin oxide glass. To characterize the fabricated electrodes, the thickness, and morphological structure are measured by a profilometer and a scanning electron microscope. For the electrochemical behavior, the dark current and the photocurrent are determined for various film thicknesses. For the spatial resolution behavior, the dependency of the photocurrent while changing the area of the illuminated area is studied. Furthermore, the addressing of single fluid compartments in a three-chamber system, which is added to the electrode, is demonstrated.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201800150
SN  - 1862-6319
VL  - 215
IS  - 15
SP  - Article number 1800150
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dantism, Shahriar
A1  - Röhlen, Desiree
A1  - Wagner, Torsten
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Optimization of Cell-Based Multi-Chamber LAPS Measurements Utilizing FPGA-Controlled Laser-Diode Modules
JF  - physica status solidi a : applications and materials sciences
N2  - A light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a field-effect-based potentiometric device, which detects concentration changes of an analyte solution on the sensor surface in a spatially resolved way. It uses a light source to generate electron–hole pairs inside the semiconductor, which are separated in the depletion region due to an applied bias voltage across the sensor structure and hence, a surface-potential-dependent photocurrent can be read out. However, depending on the beam angle of the light source, scattering effects can occur, which influence the recorded signal in LAPS-based differential measurements. To solve this problem, a novel illumination unit based on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) consisting of 16 small-sized tunable infrared laser-diode modules (LDMs) is developed. Due to the improved focus of the LDMs with a beam angle of only 2 mrad, undesirable scattering effects are minimized. Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 bacteria are used as a test microorganism to study the extracellular acidification on the sensor surface. Furthermore, a salt bridge chamber is built up and integrated with the LAPS system enabling multi-chamber differential measurements with a single Ag/AgCl reference electrode.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201800058
SN  - 1862-6319
VL  - 215
IS  - 15
SP  - Article number 1800058
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dantism, Shahriar
A1  - Takenaga, Shoko
A1  - Wagner, Torsten
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Differential imaging of the metabolism of bacteria and eukaryotic cells based on light-addressable potentiometric sensors
JF  - Electrochimica Acta
N2  - A light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a field-effect-based potentiometric sensor with an electrolyte/insulator/semiconductor (EIS) structure, which is able to monitor analyte concentrations of (bio-)chemical species in aqueous solutions in a spatially resolved way. Therefore, it is also an appropriate tool to record 2D-chemical images of concentration variations on the sensor surface. In the present work, two differential, LAPS-based measurement principles are introduced to determine the metabolic activity of Escherichia coli (E. coli) K12 and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as test microorganisms. Hereby, we focus on i) the determination of the extracellular acidification rate (ΔpH/min) after adding glucose solutions to the cell suspensions; and ii) recording the amplitude increase of the photocurrent (Iph) related to the produced acids from E. coli K12 bacteria and CHO cells on the sensor surface by 2D-chemical imaging. For this purpose, 3D-printed multi-chamber structures were developed and mounted on the planar sensor-chip surface to define four independent compartments, enabling differential measurements with varying cell concentrations. The differential concept allows eliminating unwanted drift effects and, with the four-chamber structures, measurements on the different cell concentrations were performed simultaneously, thus reducing also the overall measuring time.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.05.196
SN  - 0013-4686
VL  - 246
SP  - 234
EP  - 241
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Doll, Theodor
A1  - Wagner, Torsten
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Engineering of functional interfaces / Theodor Doll ; Torsten Wagner ; Patrick Wagner ; Michael J. Schöning (eds.)
JF  - Physica status solidi (a)
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201670641
SN  - 1862-6319
VL  - 213
IS  - 6
SP  - 1393
EP  - 1394
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dantism, Shahriar
A1  - Takenaga, Shoko
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Wagner, Torsten
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Determination of the extracellular acidification of Escherichia coli K12 with a multi-​chamber-​based LAPS system
JF  - Physica status solidi (a)
N2  - On-line monitoring of the metabolic activity of microorganisms involved in intermediate stages of biogas production plays an important role to avoid undesirable “down times” during the biogas production. In order to control this process, an on-chip differential measuring system based on the light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) principle combined with a 3D-printed multi-chamber structure has been realized. As a test microorganism, Escherichia coli K12 (E. coli K12) were used for cell-based measurements. Multi-chamber structures were developed to determine the metabolic activity of E. coli K12 in suspension for a different number of cells, responding to the addition of a constant or variable amount of glucose concentrations, enabling differential and simultaneous measurements.
Y1  - 2016
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201533043
SN  - 1862-6300
VL  - 213
IS  - 6
SP  - 1479
EP  - 1485
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schusser, Sebastian
A1  - Krischer, Maximillian
A1  - Bäcker, Matthias
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Monitoring of the Enzymatically Catalyzed Degradation of Biodegradable Polymers by Means of Capacitive Field-Effect Sensors
JF  - Analytical Chemistry
N2  - Designing novel or optimizing existing biodegradable polymers for biomedical applications requires numerous tests on the effect of substances on the degradation process. In the present work, polymer-modified electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (PMEIS) sensors have been applied for monitoring an enzymatically catalyzed degradation of polymers for the first time. The thin films of biodegradable polymer poly(d,l-lactic acid) and enzyme lipase were used as a model system. During degradation, the sensors were read-out by means of impedance spectroscopy. In order to interpret the data obtained from impedance measurements, an electrical equivalent circuit model was developed. In addition, morphological investigations of the polymer surface have been performed by means of in situ atomic force microscopy. The sensor signal change, which reflects the progress of degradation, indicates an accelerated degradation in the presence of the enzyme compared to hydrolysis in neutral pH buffer media. The degradation rate increases with increasing enzyme concentration. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of PMEIS sensors as a very promising tool for in situ and real-time monitoring of degradation of polymers.
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00617
SN  - 1520-6882
VL  - 87
IS  - 13
SP  - 6607
EP  - 6613
PB  - ACS Publications
CY  - Washington, DC
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oberländer, Jan
A1  - Jildeh, Zaid B.
A1  - Kirchner, Patrick
A1  - Wendeler, Luisa
A1  - Bromm, Alexander
A1  - Iken, Heiko
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Keusgen, Michael
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Study of Interdigitated Electrode Arrays Using Experiments and Finite Element Models for the Evaluation of Sterilization Processes
JF  - Sensors
N2  - In this work, a sensor to evaluate sterilization processes with hydrogen peroxide vapor has been characterized. Experimental, analytical and numerical methods were applied to evaluate and study the sensor behavior. The sensor set-up is based on planar interdigitated electrodes. The interdigitated electrode structure consists of 614 electrode fingers spanning over a total sensing area of 20 mm2. Sensor measurements were conducted with and without microbiological spores as well as after an industrial sterilization protocol. The measurements were verified using an analytical expression based on a first-order elliptical integral. A model based on the finite element method with periodic boundary conditions in two dimensions was developed and utilized to validate the experimental findings.
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s151026115
SN  - 1424-8220
N1  - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Gas Sensors—Designs and Applications"
VL  - 15
IS  - 10
SP  - 26115
EP  - 26127
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Delle, Lotta E.
A1  - Huck, Christina
A1  - Bäcker, Matthias
A1  - Müller, Frank
A1  - Grandthyll, Samuel
A1  - Jacobs, Karin
A1  - Lilischkis, Rainer
A1  - Vu, Xuan T.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Thoelen, Roland
A1  - Weil, Maryam
A1  - Ingebrandt, Sven
T1  - Impedimetric immunosensor for the detection of histamine based on reduced graphene oxide
JF  - Physica status solidi (a)
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201431863
SN  - 1862-6319
VL  - 212
IS  - 6
SP  - 1327
EP  - 1334
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Warmer, Johannes
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Kaul, Peter
T1  - Detection of triacetone triperoxide using temperature cycled metal-oxide semiconductor gas sensors
JF  - Physica status solidi (a)
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201431882
SN  - 1862-6319
VL  - 212
IS  - 6
SP  - 1289
EP  - 1298
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Murib, M. S.
A1  - Yeap, W. S.
A1  - Martens, D.
A1  - Liu, X.
A1  - Bienstman, P.
A1  - Fahlman, M.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Michiels, L.
A1  - Haenen, K.
A1  - Serpengüzel, A.
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
T1  - Photonic studies on polymer-coated sapphire-spheres : a model system for biological ligands
JF  - Sensors and actuators A: Physical
N2  - In this study we show an optical biosensor concept, based on elastic light scattering from sapphire microspheres. Transmitted and elastic scattering intensity of the microspheres (radius 500 μm, refractive index 1.77) on an optical fiber half coupler is analyzed at 1510 nm. The 0.43 nm angular mode spacing of the resonances is comparable to the angular mode spacing value estimated using the optical size of the microsphere. The spectral linewidths of the resonances are in the order of 0.01 nm, which corresponds to quality factors of approximately 105. A polydopamine layer is used as a functionalizing agent on sapphire microspherical resonators in view of biosensor implementation. The varying layer thickness on the microsphere is determined as a function of the resonance wavelength shift. It is shown that polymer functionalization has a minor effect on the quality factor. This is a promising step toward the development of an optical biosensor.
Y1  - 2015
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2014.11.024
SN  - 1873-3069 (E-Journal); 0924-4247 (Print)
VL  - 222
SP  - 212
EP  - 219
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Murib, Mohammed Sharif
A1  - Yeap, Weng-Siang
A1  - Martens, Daan
A1  - Bienstman, Peter
A1  - Ceuninck, Ward de
A1  - Grinsven, Bart van
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Michiels, Luc
A1  - Haenen, Ken
A1  - Ameloot, Marcel
A1  - Serpengüzel, Ali
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
T1  - Photonic detection and characterization of DNA using sapphire microspheres
JF  - Journal of biomedical optics
N2  - A microcavity-based deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) optical biosensor is demonstrated for the first time using synthetic sapphire for the optical cavity. Transmitted and elastic scattering intensity at 1510 nm are analyzed from a sapphire microsphere (radius 500  μm, refractive index 1.77) on an optical fiber half coupler. The 0.43 nm angular mode spacing of the resonances correlates well with the optical size of the sapphire sphere. Probe DNA consisting of a 36-mer fragment was covalently immobilized on a sapphire microsphere and hybridized with a 29-mer target DNA. Whispering gallery modes (WGMs) were monitored before the sapphire was functionalized with DNA and after it was functionalized with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The shift in WGMs from the surface modification with DNA was measured and correlated well with the estimated thickness of the add-on DNA layer. It is shown that ssDNA is more uniformly oriented on the sapphire surface than dsDNA. In addition, it is shown that functionalization of the sapphire spherical surface with DNA does not affect the quality factor (Q≈104) of the sapphire microspheres. The use of sapphire is especially interesting because this material is chemically resilient, biocompatible, and widely used for medical implants.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.19.9.097006
SN  - 1560-2281 (E-Journal); 1083-3668 (Print)
VL  - 19
IS  - 9
SP  - 097006
PB  - SPIE
CY  - Bellingham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Doll, Theodor
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Engineering of functional interfaces / Patrick Wagner ; Theodor Doll ; Michael J. Schöning (eds.)
JF  - Physica status solidi (A) : Applications and materials science
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201470241
SN  - 1521-396X (E-Book); 1862-6319 (E-Book); 0031-8965 (Print); 1862-6300 (Print)
VL  - 211
IS  - 6
SP  - 1339
EP  - 1339
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Huck, Christina
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Kerroumi, Iman
A1  - Schusser, Sebastian
A1  - Bäcker, Matthias
A1  - Zander, Willi
A1  - Schubert, Jürgen
A1  - Buniatyan, Vahe V.
A1  - Martirosyan, Norayr W.
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Multiparameter sensor chip with Barium Strontium Titanate as multipurpose material
JF  - Electroanalysis
N2  - It is well known that biochemical and biotechnological processes are strongly dependent and affected by a variety of physico-chemical parameters such as pH value, temperature, pressure and electrolyte conductivity. Therefore, these quantities have to be monitored or controlled in order to guarantee a stable process operation, optimization and high yield. In this work, a sensor chip for the multiparameter detection of three physico-chemical parameters such as electrolyte conductivity, pH and temperature is realized using barium strontium titanate (BST) as multipurpose material. The chip integrates a capacitively coupled four-electrode electrolyte-conductivity sensor, a capacitive field-effect pH sensor and a thin-film Pt-temperature sensor. Due to the multifunctional properties of BST, it is utilized as final outermost coating layer of the processed sensor chip and serves as passivation and protection layer as well as pH-sensitive transducer material at the same time. The results of testing of the individual sensors of the developed multiparameter sensor chip are presented. In addition, a quasi-simultaneous multiparameter characterization of the sensor chip in buffer solutions with different pH value and electrolyte conductivity is performed. To study the sensor behavior and the suitability of BST as multifunctional material under harsh environmental conditions, the sensor chip was exemplarily tested in a biogas digestate.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.201400076
SN  - 1521-4109 (E-Journal); 1040-0397 (Print)
VL  - 26
IS  - 5
SP  - 980
EP  - 987
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reisert, Steffen
A1  - Geissler, Hanno
A1  - Flörke, Rudolf
A1  - Weiler, Christian
A1  - Wagner, Patrick
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Characterisation of aseptic sterilisation processes using an electronic nose
JF  - International journal of nanotechnology
Y1  - 2013
SN  - 1475-7435 (Print) 7141-8151 (Online)
VL  - Vol. 10
IS  - No. 5-7
SP  - 470
EP  - 484
PB  - Inderscience Enterprises
CY  - Genève
ER  -