TY - CHAP A1 - Hülsen, Benjamin A1 - Mulsow, Niklas A. A1 - Dabrowski, Adam A1 - Brinkmann, Wiebke A1 - Gützlaff, Joel A1 - Spies, Leon A1 - Czupalla, Markus A1 - Kirchner, Frank T1 - Towards an autonomous micro rover with night survivability for lunar exploration T2 - Proceedings of the 74th International Astronautical Congress N2 - In Europe, efforts are underway to develop key technologies that can be used to explore the Moon and to exploit the resources available. This includes technologies for in-situ resource utilization (ISRU), facilitating the possibility of a future Moon Village. The Moon is the next step for humans and robots to exploit the use of available resources for longer term missions, but also for further exploration of the solar system. A challenge for effective exploration missions is to achieve a compact and lightweight robot to reduce launch costs and open up the possibility of secondary payload options. Current micro rover concepts are primarily designed to last for one day of solar illumination and show a low level of autonomy. Extending the lifetime of the system by enabling survival of the lunar night and implementing a high level of autonomy will significantly increase potential mission applications and the operational range. As a reference mission, the deployment of a micro rover in the equatorial region of the Moon is being considered. An overview of mission parameters and a detailed example mission sequence is given in this paper. The mission parameters are based on an in-depth study of current space agency roadmaps, scientific goals, and upcoming flight opportunities. Furthermore, concepts of the ongoing international micro rover developments are analyzed along with technology solutions identified for survival of lunar nights and a high system autonomy. The results provide a basis of a concise requirements set-up to allow dedicated system developments and qualification measures in the future. Y1 - 2023 N1 - 74. International Astronautical Congress (IAC-2023), October 2-6 2023, Baku, Azerbaijan PB - dfki ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mulsow, Niklas A. A1 - Hülsen, Benjamin A1 - Gützlaff, Joel A1 - Spies, Leon A1 - Bresser, Andreas A1 - Dabrowski, Adam A1 - Czupalla, Markus A1 - Kirchner, Frank T1 - Concept and design of an autonomous micro rover for long term lunar exploration T2 - Proceedings of the 74th International Astronautical Congress N2 - Research on robotic lunar exploration has seen a broad revival, especially since the Google Lunar X-Prize increasingly brought private endeavors into play. This development is supported by national agencies with the aim of enabling long-term lunar infrastructure for in-situ operations and the establishment of a moon village. One challenge for effective exploration missions is developing a compact and lightweight robotic rover to reduce launch costs and open the possibility for secondary payload options. Existing micro rovers for exploration missions are clearly limited by their design for one day of sunlight and their low level of autonomy. For expanding the potential mission applications and range of use, an extension of lifetime could be reached by surviving the lunar night and providing a higher level of autonomy. To address this objective, the paper presents a system design concept for a lightweight micro rover with long-term mission duration capabilities, derived from a multi-day lunar mission scenario at equatorial regions. Technical solution approaches are described, analyzed, and evaluated, with emphasis put on the harmonization of hardware selection due to a strictly limited budget in dimensions and power. Y1 - 2023 N1 - 74. International Astronautical Congress (IAC-2023), October 2-6 2023, Baku, Azerbaijan PB - dfki CY - Saarbrücken ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohlberger, David-Sharif A1 - Wild, Dominik A1 - Kasper, Stefan A1 - Czupalla, Markus T1 - Modeling and analyses of a thermal passively stabilized LEO/GEO star tracker with embedded phase change material applying the Infused Thermal Solutions (ITS) method T2 - ICES202: Satellite, Payload, and Instrument Thermal Control N2 - Phase change materials offer a way of storing excess heat and releasing it when it is needed. They can be utilized as a method to control thermal behavior without the need for additional energy. This work focuses on exploring the potential of using phase change materials to passively control the thermal behavior of a star tracker by infusing it with a fitting phase change material. Based on the numerical model of the star trackers thermal behavior using ESATAN-TMS without implemented phase change material, a fitting phase change material for selected orbits is chosen and implemented in the thermal model. The altered thermal behavior of the numerical model after the implementation is analyzed for different amounts of the chosen phase change materials using an ESATAN-based subroutine developed by the FH Aachen. The PCM-modelling-subroutine is explained in the paper ICES-2021-110. The results show that an increasing amount of phase change material increasingly damps temperature oscillations. Using an integral part structure some of the mass increase can be compensated. KW - passive thermal control KW - PCM KW - star tracker KW - Infused Thermal Solutions KW - GEO KW - LEO Y1 - 2021 N1 - 50th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 12-15 July 2021, held virtually PB - Texas Tech University CY - Lubbock, Tex. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wild, Dominik A1 - Czupalla, Markus A1 - Förstner, Roger T1 - Modeling, prediction and test of additive manufactured integral structures with embedded lattice and phase change material applying Infused Thermal Solutions (ITS) T2 - ICES104: Advances in Thermal Control Technology N2 - Infused Thermal Solutions (ITS) introduces a method for passive thermal control to stabilize structural components thermally without active heating and cooling systems, but with phase change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage (TES), in combination with lattice - both embedded in additive manufactured functional structures. In this ITS follow-on paper a thermal model approach and associated predictions are presented, related on the ITS functional breadboards developed at FH Aachen. Predictive TES by PCM is provided by a specially developed ITS PCM subroutine, which is applicable in ESATAN. The subroutine is based on the latent heat storage (LHS) method to numerically embed thermo-physical PCM behavior. Furthermore, a modeling approach is introduced to numerically consider the virtual PCM/lattice nodes within the macro-encapsulated PCM voids of the double wall ITS design. Related on these virtual nodes, in-plane and out-of-plane conductive links are defined. The recent additive manufactured ITS breadboard series are thermally cycled in the thermal vacuum chamber, both with and without embedded PCM. Related on breadboard hardware tests, measurement results are compared with predictions and are subsequently correlated. The results of specific simulations and measurements are presented. Recent predictive results of star tracker analyses are also presented in ICES-2021-106, based on this ITS PCM subroutine. KW - latent heat KW - thermo-physical KW - lattice KW - ESATAN KW - subroutine KW - PCM KW - ITS Y1 - 2021 N1 - 50th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 12-15 July 2021, held virtually PB - Texas Tech University CY - Lubbock, Tex. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mayntz, Joscha A1 - Keimer, Jona A1 - Dahmann, Peter A1 - Hille, Sebastian A1 - Stumpf, Eike A1 - Fisher, Alex A1 - Dorrington, Graham T1 - Electrical Drive and Regeneration in General Aviation Flight with Propellers T2 - Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2020 N2 - Electric flight has the potential for a more sustainable and energy-saving way of aviation compared to fossil fuel aviation. The electric motor can be used as a generator inflight to regenerate energy during descent. Three different approaches to regenerating with electric propeller powertrains are proposed in this paper. The powertrain is to be set up in a wind tunnel to determine the propeller efficiency in both working modes as well as the noise emissions. Furthermore, the planned flight tests are discussed. In preparation for these tests, a yaw stability analysis is performed with the result that the aeroplane is controllable during flight and in the most critical failure case. The paper shows the potential for inflight regeneration and addresses the research gaps in the dual role of electric powertrains for propulsion and regeneration of general aviation aircraft. KW - Propeller Aerodynamics KW - Flight Tests KW - Flight Mechanics KW - Electrical Flight KW - Inflight Regeneration, Recuperation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.25967/530100 N1 - Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2020, 1. - 3. September 2020, Online PB - DGLR CY - Bonn ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dachwald, Bernd A1 - Wurm, P. T1 - Mission analysis for an advanced solar photon thruster T2 - 60th International Astronautical Congress 2009, IAC 2009 N2 - The so-called "compound solar sail", also known as "Solar Photon Thruster" (SPT), is a solar sail design concept, for which the two basic functions of the solar sail, namely light collection and thrust direction, are uncoupled. In this paper, we introduce a novel SPT concept, termed the Advanced Solar Photon Thruster (ASPT). This model does not suffer from the simplified assumptions that have been made for the analysis of compound solar sails in previous studies. We present the equations that describe the force, which acts on the ASPT. After a detailed design analysis, the performance of the ASPT with respect to the conventional flat solar sail (FSS) is investigated for three interplanetary mission scenarios: An Earth-Venus rendezvous, where the solar sail has to spiral towards the Sun, an Earth-Mars rendezvous, where the solar sail has to spiral away from the Sun, and an Earth-NEA rendezvous (to near-Earth asteroid 1996FG3), where a large orbital eccentricity change is required. The investigated solar sails have realistic near-term characteristic accelerations between 0.1 and 0.2mm/s2. Our results show that a SPT is not superior to the flat solar sail unless very idealistic assumptions are made. KW - Interplanetary flight Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-161567908-9 N1 - 60th International Astronautical Congress 2009, IAC 2009; Daejeon; South Korea; 12 October 2009 through 16 October 2009 VL - 8 SP - 6838 EP - 6851 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dachwald, Bernd A1 - Wurm, P. T1 - Design concept and modeling of an advanced solar photon thruster T2 - Advances in the Astronautical Sciences N2 - The so-called "compound solar sail", also known as "Solar Photon Thruster" (SPT), holds the potential of providing significant performance advantages over the flat solar sail. Previous SPT design concepts, however, do not consider shadowing effects and multiple reflections of highly concentrated solar radiation that would inevitably destroy the gossamer sail film. In this paper, we propose a novel advanced SPT (ASPT) design concept that does not suffer from these oversimplifications. We present the equations that describe the thrust force acting on such a sail system and compare its performance with respect to the conventional flat solar sail. KW - solar sails Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-087703554-1 SN - 00653438 N1 - 19th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting; Savannah, GA; United States; 8 February 2009 through 12 February 2009 SP - 723 EP - 740 PB - American Astronautical Society CY - San Diego, Calif. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gehler, M. A1 - Ober-Blöbaum, S. A1 - Dachwald, Bernd T1 - Application of discrete mechanics and optimal control to spacecraft in non-keplerian motion around small solar system bodies T2 - Procceedings of the 60th International Astronautical Congress N2 - Prolonged operations close to small solar system bodies require a sophisticated control logic to minimize propellant mass and maximize operational efficiency. A control logic based on Discrete Mechanics and Optimal Control (DMOC) is proposed and applied to both conventionally propelled and solar sail spacecraft operating at an arbitrarily shaped asteroid in the class of Itokawa. As an example, stand-off inertial hovering is considered, recently identified as a challenging part of the Marco Polo mission. The approach is easily extended to stand-off orbits. We show that DMOC is applicable to spacecraft control at small objects, in particular with regard to the fact that the changes in gravity are exploited by the algorithm to optimally control the spacecraft position. Furthermore, we provide some remarks on promising developments. KW - Spacecraft Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-161567908-9 N1 - 60th International Astronautical Congress 2009, IAC 2009; Daejeon; South Korea; 12 October 2009 through 16 October 2009 SP - 1360 EP - 1371 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Beckmann, Nils A1 - Stefan, Lukas A1 - Keinz, Jan T1 - Hydrogen combustor integration study for a medium range aircraft engine using the dry-low NOx “Micromix” combustion principle T2 - Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2023: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. Volume 1: Aircraft Engine. N2 - The feasibility study presents results of a hydrogen combustor integration for a Medium-Range aircraft engine using the Dry-Low-NOₓ Micromix combustion principle. Based on a simplified Airbus A320-type flight mission, a thermodynamic performance model of a kerosene and a hydrogen-powered V2530-A5 engine is used to derive the thermodynamic combustor boundary conditions. A new combustor design using the Dry-Low NOx Micromix principle is investigated by slice model CFD simulations of a single Micromix injector for design and off-design operation of the engine. Combustion characteristics show typical Micromix flame shapes and good combustion efficiencies for all flight mission operating points. Nitric oxide emissions are significant below ICAO CAEP/8 limits. For comparison of the Emission Index (EI) for NOₓ emissions between kerosene and hydrogen operation, an energy (kerosene) equivalent Emission Index is used. A full 15° sector model CFD simulation of the combustion chamber with multiple Micromix injectors including inflow homogenization and dilution and cooling air flows investigates the combustor integration effects, resulting NOₓ emission and radial temperature distributions at the combustor outlet. The results show that the integration of a Micromix hydrogen combustor in actual aircraft engines is feasible and offers, besides CO₂ free combustion, a significant reduction of NOₓ emissions compared to kerosene operation. KW - emission index KW - nitric oxides KW - aircraft engine KW - Micromix KW - combustion KW - hydrogen Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-0-7918-8693-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2023-102370 N1 - Paper No. GT2023-102370, V001T01A022 N1 - ASME Turbo Expo 2023: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition June 26–30, 2023, Boston, Massachusetts, USA PB - ASME CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schopen, Oliver A1 - Shabani, Bahman A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Kemper, Hans A1 - Shah, Neel ED - Rahim, S.A. ED - As'arry, A. ED - Zuhri, M.Y.M. ED - Harmin, M.Y. ED - Rezali, K.A.M. ED - Hairuddin, A.A. T1 - Quantitative evaluation of health management designs for fuel cell systems in transport vehicles T2 - 2nd UNITED-SAIG International Conference Proceedings N2 - Focusing on transport vehicles, mainly with regard to aviation applications, this paper presents compilation and subsequent quantitative evaluation of methods aimed at building an optimum integrated health management solution for fuel cell systems. The methods are divided into two different main types and compiled in a related scheme. Furthermore, different methods are analysed and evaluated based on parameters specific to the aviation context of this study. Finally, the most suitable method for use in fuel cell health management systems is identified and its performance and suitability is quantified. KW - aviation application KW - health management systems KW - fuel cell systems Y1 - 2022 N1 - 2nd UNITED-SAIG International Conference, 23-24 May 2022, Putrajaya, Malaysia SP - 1 EP - 3 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schopen, Oliver A1 - Kemper, Hans A1 - Esch, Thomas T1 - Development of a comparison methodology and evaluation matrix for electrically driven compressors in ICE and FC T2 - Proceedings of the 1st UNITED – Southeast Asia Automotive Interest Group (SAIG) International Conference N2 - In addition to electromobility and alternative drive systems, a focus is set on electrically driven compressors (EDC), with a high potential for increasing the efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICE) and fuel cells [01]. The primary objective is to increase the ICE torque, provided independently of the ICE speed by compressing the intake air and consequently the ICE filling level supported by the compressor. For operation independent from the ICE speed, the EDC compressor is decoupled from the turbine by using an electric compressor motor (CM) instead of the turbine. ICE performances can be increased by the use of EDC where individual compressor parameters are adapted to the respective application area [02] [03]. This task contains great challenges, increased by demands with regard to pollutant reduction while maintaining constant performance and reduced fuel consumption. The FH-Aachen is equipped with an EDC test bench which enables EDC-investigations in various configurations and operating modes. Characteristic properties of different compressors can be determined, which build the basis for a comparison methodology. Subject of this project is the development of a comparison methodology for EDC with an associated evaluation method and a defined overall evaluation method. For the application of this comparison methodology, corresponding series of measurements are carried out on the EDC test bench using an appropriate test device. KW - electro mobility KW - fuel cell KW - internal combustion engine KW - electrically driven compressors Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-902103-94-9 N1 - 1st UNITED-SAIG International Conference, 21-22 APR 2021, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand SP - 45 EP - 46 PB - FH Joanneum CY - Graz ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veettil, Yadu Krishna Morassery A1 - Rakshit, Shantam A1 - Schopen, Oliver A1 - Kemper, Hans A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Shabani, Bahman ED - Bin Abdollah, Mohd Fadzli ED - Amiruddin, Hilmi ED - Singh, Amrik Singh Phuman ED - Munir, Fudhail Abdul ED - Ibrahim, Asriana T1 - Automated Control System Strategies to Ensure Safety of PEM Fuel Cells Using Kalman Filters T2 - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials (ICE-SEAM 2021), Melaka, Malaysia N2 - Having well-defined control strategies for fuel cells, that can efficiently detect errors and take corrective action is critically important for safety in all applications, and especially so in aviation. The algorithms not only ensure operator safety by monitoring the fuel cell and connected components, but also contribute to extending the health of the fuel cell, its durability and safe operation over its lifetime. While sensors are used to provide peripheral data surrounding the fuel cell, the internal states of the fuel cell cannot be directly measured. To overcome this restriction, Kalman Filter has been implemented as an internal state observer. Other safety conditions are evaluated using real-time data from every connected sensor and corrective actions automatically take place to ensure safety. The algorithms discussed in this paper have been validated thorough Model-in-the-Loop (MiL) tests as well as practical validation at a dedicated test bench. KW - control system KW - PEM fuel cells KW - Kalman filter Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-981-19-3178-9 SN - 978-981-19-3179-6 (E-Book) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3179-6_55 SN - 2195-4356 N1 - 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Material (ICE-SEAM 2021), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia, in association with the Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Indonesia, 23 November 2021 SP - 296 EP - 299 PB - Springer Nature CY - Singapore ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tamaldin, Noreffendy A1 - Mansor, Muhd Rizuan A1 - Mat Yamin, Ahmad Kamal A1 - Bin Abdollah, Mohd Fazli A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Tonoli, Andrea A1 - Reisinger, Karl Heinz A1 - Sprenger, Hanna A1 - Razuli, Hisham ED - Bin Abdollah, Mohd Fadzli ED - Amiruddin, Hilmi ED - Singh, Amrik Singh Phuman ED - Munir, Fudhail Abdul ED - Ibrahim, Asriana T1 - Development of UTeM United Future Fuel Design Training Center Under Erasmus+ United Program T2 - Proceedings of the 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Materials (ICE-SEAM 2021), Melaka, Malaysia N2 - The industrial revolution IR4.0 era have driven many states of the art technologies to be introduced especially in the automotive industry. The rapid development of automotive industries in Europe have created wide industry gap between European Union (EU) and developing countries such as in South-East Asia (SEA). Indulging this situation, FH Joanneum, Austria together with European partners from FH Aachen, Germany and Politecnico Di Torino, Italy is taking initiative to close the gap utilizing the Erasmus+ United grant from EU. A consortium was founded to engage with automotive technology transfer using the European ramework to Malaysian, Indonesian and Thailand Higher Education Institutions (HEI) as well as automotive industries. This could be achieved by establishing Engineering Knowledge Transfer Unit (EKTU) in respective SEA institutions guided by the industry partners in their respective countries. This EKTU could offer updated, innovative, and high-quality training courses to increase graduate’s employability in higher education institutions and strengthen relations between HEI and the wider economic and social environment by addressing Universityindustry cooperation which is the regional priority for Asia. It is expected that, the Capacity Building Initiative would improve the quality of higher education and enhancing its relevance for the labor market and society in the SEA partners. The outcome of this project would greatly benefit the partners in strong and complementary partnership targeting the automotive industry and enhanced larger scale international cooperation between the European and SEA partners. It would also prepare the SEA HEI in sustainable partnership with Automotive industry in the region as a mean of income generation in the future. KW - Erasmus+ United KW - technology transfer KW - UTeM Engineering Knowledge Transfer Unit KW - Malaysian automotive industry Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-981-19-3178-9 SN - 978-981-19-3179-6 (E-Book) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3179-6_50 SN - 2195-4356 N1 - 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Sustainable Energy and Advanced Material (ICE-SEAM 2021), Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia, in association with the Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS), Indonesia, 23 November 2021 SP - 274 EP - 278 PB - Springer Nature CY - Singapore ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tamaldin, Noreffendy A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Tonoli, Andrea A1 - Reisinger, Karl Heinz A1 - Sprenger, Hanna A1 - Razuli, Hisham T1 - ERASMUS+ United CBHE Automotive International Collaboration from European to South East Asia T2 - Proceedings of the 2nd African International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management N2 - The industrial revolution especially in the IR4.0 era have driven many states of the art technologies to be introduced. The automotive industry as well as many other key industries have also been greatly influenced. The rapid development of automotive industries in Europe have created wide industry gap between European Union (EU) and developing countries such as in South East Asia (SEA). Indulging this situation, FH JOANNEUM, Austria together with European partners from FH Aachen, Germany and Politecnico di Torino, Italy are taking initiative to close down the gap utilizing the Erasmus+ United Capacity Building in Higher Education grant from EU. A consortium was founded to engage with automotive technology transfer using the European framework to Malaysian, Indonesian and Thailand Higher Education Institutions (HEI) as well as automotive industries in respective countries. This could be achieved by establishing Engineering Knowledge Transfer Unit (EKTU) in respective SEA institutions guided by the industry partners in their respective countries. This EKTU could offer updated, innovative and high-quality training courses to increase graduate’s employability in higher education institutions and strengthen relations between HEI and the wider economic and social environment by addressing University-industry cooperation which is the regional priority for Asia. It is expected that, the Capacity Building Initiative would improve the quality of higher education and enhancing its relevance for the labor market and society in the SEA partners. The outcome of this project would greatly benefit the partners in strong and complementary partnership targeting the automotive industry and enhanced larger scale international cooperation between the European and SEA partners. It would also prepare the SEA HEI in sustainable partnership with Automotive industry in the region as a mean of income generation in the future. KW - European Framework and South East Asia KW - Technology Transfer KW - Capacity Building Higher Education KW - Malaysian Automotive Industry Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-1-7923-6123-4 SN - 2169-8767 N1 - 2nd African International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management; Harare, Zimbabwe, December 7-10, 2020 SP - 2970 EP - 2972 PB - IEOM Society International CY - Southfield ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kreyer, Jörg A1 - Esch, Thomas T1 - Simulation Tool for Predictive Control Strategies for an ORCSystem in Heavy Duty Vehicles T2 - European GT Conference 2017 N2 - Scientific questions - How can a non-stationary heat offering in the commercial vehicle be used to reduce fuel consumption? - Which potentials offer route and environmental information among with predicted speed and load trajectories to increase the efficiency of a ORC-System? Methods - Desktop bound holistic simulation model for a heavy duty truck incl. an ORC System - Prediction of massflows, temperatures and mixture quality (AFR) of exhaust gas Y1 - 2017 N1 - European GT Conference 2017, 9.-10. Oktober 2017, Frankfurt a.M. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kemper, Hans A1 - Hellenbroich, Gereon A1 - Esch, Thomas T1 - Concept of an innovative passenger-car hybrid drive for European driving conditions T2 - Hybrid vehicles and energy management : 6th symposium ; 18th and 19th February 2009, Stadthalle Braunschweig N2 - The downsizing of spark ignition engines in conjunction with turbocharging is considered to be a promising method for reducing CO₂ emissions. Using this concept, FEV has developed a new, highly efficient drivetrain to demonstrate fuel consumption reduction and drivability in a vehicle based on the Ford Focus ST. The newly designed 1.8L turbocharged gasoline engine incorporates infinitely variable intake and outlet control timing and direct fuel injection utilizing piezo injectors centrally located. In addition, this engine uses a prototype FEV engine control system, with software that was developed and adapted entirely by FEV. The vehicle features a 160 kW engine with a maximum mean effective pressure of 22.4 bar and 34 % savings in simulated fuel consumption. During the first stage, a new electrohydraulically actuated hybrid transmission with seven forward gears and one reverse gear and a single dry starting clutch will be integrated. The electric motor of the hybrid is directly connected to the gear set of the transmission. Utilizing the special gear set layout, the electric motor can provide boost during a change of gears, so that there is no interruption in traction. Therefore, the transmission system combines the advantages of a double clutch controlled gear change (gear change without an interruption in traction) with the efficient, cost-effective design of an automated manual transmission system. Additionally, the transmission provides a purely electric drive system and the operation of an air-conditioning compressor during the engine stop phases. One other alternative is through the use of CAI (Controlled Auto Ignition), which incorporates a process developed by FEV for controlled compression ignition. Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-3-937655-20-8 SP - 264 EP - 287 PB - Gesamtzentrum für Verkehr (GZVB) CY - Braunschweig ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Roosen, Peter ED - Bartz, Wilfried J. T1 - Using motor gasoline for aircrafts - coping with growing bio-fuel-caused risks by understanding cause-effect relationship T2 - Fuels 2009 : mineral oil based and alternative fuels ; 7th international colloquium ; January 14 - 15, 2009 N2 - The utilisation of vehicle-oriented gasoline in general aviation is very desirable for both ecological and economical reasons, as well as for general considerations of availability. As of today vehicle fuels may be used if the respective engine and cell are certified for such an operation. For older planes a supplementary technical certificate is provided for gasoline mixtures with less than 1 % v/v ethanol only, though. Larger admixtures of ethanol may lead to sudden engine malfunction and should be considered as considerable security risks. Major problems are caused by the partially ethanol non-withstanding materials, a necessarily changed stochiometric adjustment of the engine for varying ethanol shares and the tendency for phase separation in the presence of absorbed water. The concepts of the flexible fuel vehicles are only partially applicable in the view of air security. Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-3-924813-75-8 SP - 237 EP - 244 PB - Technische Akademie Esslingen (TAE) CY - Ostfildern ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Weiss, Alexander A1 - Abanteriba, Sylvester A1 - Esch, Thomas T1 - Investigation of Flow Separation Inside a Conical Rocket Nozzle With the Aid of an Annular Cross Flow T2 - Proceedings of the ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. Volume 1: Symposia, Parts A and B N2 - Flow separation is a phenomenon that occurs in all kinds of supersonic nozzles sometimes during run-up and shut-down operations. Especially in expansion nozzles of rocket engines with large area ratio, flow separation can trigger strong side loads that can damage the structure of the nozzle. The investigation presented in this paper seeks to establish measures that may be applied to alter the point of flow separation. In order to achieve this, a supersonic nozzle was placed at the exit plane of the conical nozzle. This resulted in the generation of cross flow surrounding the core jet flow from the conical nozzle. Due to the entrainment of the gas stream from the conical nozzle the pressure in its exit plane was found to be lower than that of the ambient. A Cold gas instead of hot combustion gases was used as the working fluid. A mathematical simulation of the concept was validated by experiment. Measurements confirmed the simulation results that due to the introduction of a second nozzle the pressure in the separated region of the conical nozzle was significantly reduced. It was also established that the boundary layer separation inside the conical nozzle was delayed thus allowing an increased degree of overexpansion. The condition established by the pressure measurements was also demonstrated qualitatively using transparent nozzle configurations. Y1 - 2007 SN - 0-7918-4288-6 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1115/FEDSM2007-37387 N1 - Proceedings of the ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. Volume 1: Symposia, Parts A and B. San Diego, California, USA. July 30–August 2, 2007 SP - 1861 EP - 1871 PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Huth, Thomas A1 - Elsen, Olaf A1 - Hartwig, Christoph A1 - Esch, Thomas T1 - Innovative modular valve trains for 2015 - logistic benefits by EMVT T2 - IFAC Proceedings Volumes, Volume 39, Issue 3 N2 - In this paper the way to a 5-day-car with respect to a modular valve train systems for spark ignited combustion engines is shown. The necessary product diversity is shift from mechanical or physical components to software components. Therefore, significant improvements of logistic indicators are expected and shown. The working principle of a camless cylinder head with respect to an electromagnetical valve train (EMVT) is explained and it is demonstrated that shifting physical diversity to software is feasible. The future design of combustion engine systems including customisation can be supported by a set of assistance tools which is shown exemplary. Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3182/20060517-3-FR-2903.00172 N1 - Part of special issue "12th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing" SP - 315 EP - 320 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Thoma, Andreas A1 - Stiemer, Luc A1 - Braun, Carsten A1 - Fisher, Alex A1 - Gardi, Alessandro G. T1 - Potential of hybrid neural network local path planner for small UAV in urban environments T2 - AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum N2 - This work proposes a hybrid algorithm combining an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with a conventional local path planner to navigate UAVs efficiently in various unknown urban environments. The proposed method of a Hybrid Artificial Neural Network Avoidance System is called HANNAS. The ANN analyses a video stream and classifies the current environment. This information about the current Environment is used to set several control parameters of a conventional local path planner, the 3DVFH*. The local path planner then plans the path toward a specific goal point based on distance data from a depth camera. We trained and tested a state-of-the-art image segmentation algorithm, PP-LiteSeg. The proposed HANNAS method reaches a failure probability of 17%, which is less than half the failure probability of the baseline and around half the failure probability of an improved, bio-inspired version of the 3DVFH*. The proposed HANNAS method does not show any disadvantages regarding flight time or flight distance. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-2359 N1 - AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum, 23-27 January 2023, National Harbor, Md & Online PB - AIAA CY - Reston, Va. ER -