TY - CHAP A1 - Seboldt, Wolfgang A1 - Blome, Hans-Joachim A1 - Dachwald, Bernd A1 - Richter, Lutz T1 - Proposal for an integrated European space exploration strategy T2 - 55th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law N2 - Recently, in his vision for space exploration, US president Bush announced to extend human presence across the solar system, starting with a human return to the Moon as early as 2015 in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations. In Europe, an exploration program, termed AURORA, was established by ESA in 2001 – funded on a voluntary basis by ESA member states – with a clear focus on Mars and the ultimate goal of landing humans on Mars around 2030 in international cooperation. In 2003, a Human Spaceflight Vision Group was appointed by ESA with the task to develop a vision for the role of human spaceflight during the next quarter of the century. The resulting vision focused on a European-led lunar exploration initiative as part of a multi-decade, international effort to strengthen European identity and economy. After a review of the situation in Europe concerning space exploration, the paper outlines an approach for a consistent positioning of exploration within the existing European space programs, identifies destinations, and develops corresponding scenarios for an integrated strategy, starting with robotic missions to the Moon, Mars, and near-Earth asteroids. The interests of the European planetary in-situ science community, which recently met at DLR Cologne, are considered. Potential robotic lunar missions comprise polar landings to search for frozen volatiles and a sample return. For Mars, the implementation of a modest robotic landing mission in 2009 to demonstrate the capability for landing and prepare more ambitious and complex missions is discussed. For near-Earth asteroid exploration, a low-cost in-situ technology demonstration mission could yield important results. All proposed scenarios offer excellent science and could therefore create synergies between ESA’s mandatory and optional programs in the area of planetary science and exploration. The paper intents to stimulate the European discussion on space exploration and reflects the personal view of the authors. Y1 - 2004 N1 - 55th International Astronautical Congress 2004 - Vancouver, Canada SP - 1 EP - 10 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dachwald, Bernd T1 - Solar sail performance requirements for missions to the outer solar system and beyond T2 - 55th International Astronautical Congress 2004 N2 - Solar sails enable missions to the outer solar system and beyond, although the solar radiation pressure decreases with the square of solar distance. For such missions, the solar sail may gain a large amount of energy by first making one or more close approaches to the sun. Within this paper, optimal trajectories for solar sail missions to the outer planets and into near interstellar space (200 AU) are presented. Thereby, it is shown that even near/medium-term solar sails with relatively moderate performance allow reasonable transfer times to the boundaries of the solar system. Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.IAC-04-S.P.11 N1 - 55th International Astronautical Congress 2004 - Vancouver, Canada SP - 1 EP - 9 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Artmann, Gerhard T1 - Escherichia Coli Infektion und Zellschädigung - Wie perfekt wirken Antibiotika? : Abschlussbericht zum Projekt 1703701 Y1 - 2004 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.2314/GBV:482527137 PB - Technische Informationsbibliothek u. Universitätsbibliothek CY - Jülich ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Zhubanova, Azhar A. A1 - Nojima, H. A1 - Artmann, Gerhard T1 - The use of bactericidal effects of cluster ions generated by plasma in medical biotechnology JF - Biotechnologija : teorija i praktika (2004) Y1 - 2004 SN - 1028-9399 SP - 46 EP - 52 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Demirci, Taylan A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül A1 - Nishikawa, K. T1 - Free Radical Nature of the Bactericidal Effect of Plasma-Generated Cluster Ions (PCIs) JF - Biomedizinische Technik. 49 (2004), H. Erg.-Bd. 2 Y1 - 2004 SN - 0932-4666 SP - 982 EP - 983 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül A1 - Nishikawa, K. A1 - Artmann, Gerhard T1 - Cluster air-ion effects on bacteria and moulds JF - Biomedizinische Technik. 49 (2004), H. Erg.-Bd. 2 Y1 - 2004 SN - 0932-4666 SP - 1040 EP - 1041 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Trzewik, Jürgen A1 - Demirci, Taylan A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül T1 - Response of fibroblasts to cyclic mechanical stress : a proteome approach / Digel, I. ; Trzewik, J. ; Demirci, T. ; Temiz Artmann, A. ; Artmann, G. M. JF - Biomedizinische Technik. 49 (2004), H. Erg.-Bd. 2 Y1 - 2004 SN - 0932-4666 SP - 1042 EP - 1043 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trzewik, Jürgen A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül A1 - Linder, Peter A1 - Demirci, T. A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Artmann, Gerhard T1 - Evaluation of lateral mechanical tension in thin-film tissue constructs JF - Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 32 (2004), H. 9 Y1 - 2004 SN - 1573-9686 SP - 1243 EP - 1251 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kotliar, Konstantin A1 - Svetlova, O. V. A1 - Stegaev, V. A. A1 - Parkhomov, S. D. T1 - Biomechanical substantiation of relatively low efficiency of recurrent laser trabeculoplasty / Svetlova, O. V. ; Stagaev, V. A. ; Parkhomov, S. D. ; Kotliar, K. E. ; Makarov, F. N. ; Smolnikov, B. A. ; Koshitz, I. N. JF - Glaukoma (2004) Y1 - 2004 N1 - Original in Russisch SP - 29 EP - 39 PB - - ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kotliar, Konstantin A1 - Svetlova, O. V. A1 - Sourjikov, A. V. A1 - Zaseeva, M. V. T1 - Biomechanical peculiarities of aqueous humor production system and outflow regulation system / Svetlova, O. V. ; Sourjikov, A. V. ; Kotliar, K. E. ; Zaseeva, M. V. ; Shukhaev, S. V. ; Koshitz, I. N. JF - Glaukoma (2004) Y1 - 2004 N1 - Original in Russisch SP - 66 EP - 76 PB - - ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kotliar, Konstantin A1 - Vilser, Walthatd A1 - Nagel, Edgar A1 - Lanzl, Ines M. T1 - Retinal vessel reaction in response to chromatic flickering light / Kotliar, Konstantin E. ; Vilser, Walthard ; Nagel, Edgar ; Lanzl, Ines M. JF - Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 242 (2004), H. 5 Y1 - 2004 SN - 1435-702X SP - 377 EP - 392 PB - - ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Demirci, T. A1 - Trzewik, J. A1 - Linder, Peter A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Artmann, Gerhard A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül T1 - Mechanical Stimulation of 3T3 Fibroblasts Activates Genes: ITGB5 and p53 Responses as Quantified on the mRNA Level JF - Biomedizinische Technik . 49 (2004), H. Erg.-Bd. 2 Y1 - 2004 SN - 0932-4666 SP - 1030 EP - 1031 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Demirci, T. A1 - Trzewik, J. A1 - Linder, Peter A1 - Artmann, Gerhard A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül T1 - Mechanical Stimulation of 3T3 Fibroblasts Activates Genes: Real Time PCR Products and Suppliers by Comparison JF - Biomedizinische Technik . 49 (2004), H. Erg.-Bd. 2 Y1 - 2004 SN - 0932-4666 SP - 1046 EP - 1047 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dachwald, Bernd T1 - Evolutionary Neurocontrol: A Smart Method for Global Optimization of Low-Thrust Trajectories JF - 22nd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference and Exhibit - AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit - AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit - AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit - AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit : 16 - 19 August 2004, Providence, Rhode Island / American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. - (AIAA meeting papers on disc ; 2004,14-15) Y1 - 2004 N1 - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ; AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit <2004, Providence, RI> ; AIAA paper number: AIAA-2004-5405 PB - American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics CY - Reston, Va. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dachwald, Bernd T1 - Optimal Solar Sail Trajectories for Missions to the Outer Solar System JF - 22nd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference and Exhibit - AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit - AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit - AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit - AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit : 16 - 19 August 2004, Providence, Rhode Island / American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. - (AIAA meeting papers on disc ; 2004,14-15) Y1 - 2004 N1 - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ; AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit <2004, Providence, RI> ; AIAA paper number: AIAA-2004-5406 PB - American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics CY - Reston, Va. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dachwald, Bernd T1 - Interplanetary Mission Analysis for Non-Perfectly Reflecting Solar Sailcraft Using Evolutionary Neurocontrol JF - Astrodynamics 2003 : proceedings of the AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Conference held August 3 - 7, 2003, Big Sky, Montana / ed. by Jean de Lafontaine. - Pt. 2. - (Advances in the astronautical sciences ; 116,2) Y1 - 2004 SN - 0-87703-509-1 N1 - Astrodynamics Conference <2003, Big Sky, Mont.> ; American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ; AAS-03-579 SP - 1247 EP - 1262 PB - Univelt CY - San Diego, Calif. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dachwald, Bernd T1 - Low-Thrust Trajectory Optimization and Interplanetary Mission Analysis Using Evolutionary Neurocontrol JF - Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2004 : Dresden, 20. bis 23. September 2004, Motto: Luft- und Raumfahrt - Brücke für eine wissensbasierte Gesellschaft / Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth e.V. (DGLR). [Red.: Peter Brandt (verantwortlich)]. - Bd. 2. - (Jahrbuch ... der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt) Y1 - 2004 N1 - Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrt-Kongress <2004, Dresden> ; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt - Lilienthal-Oberth ; DGLR-2004-116 SP - 917 EP - 926 CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dachwald, Bernd T1 - Optimization of Interplanetary Solar Sailcraft Trajectories Using Evolutionary Neurocontrol JF - Journal of guidance, control, and dynamics. 27 (2004), H. 1 Y1 - 2004 SN - 0162-3192 N1 - 2. ISSN: 0162-3192. - 3. ISSN: 0731-5090 SP - 66 EP - 72 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dachwald, Bernd T1 - Minimum Transfer Times for Nonperfectly Reflecting Solar Sailcraft JF - Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 41 (2004), H. 4 Y1 - 2004 SN - 0022-4650 N1 - 2. ISSN: 1533-6794 SP - 693 EP - 695 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sponagel, Stefan A1 - Baroud, G. A1 - Falk, R. A1 - Crookshank, M. T1 - Corrigendum to “Experimental and theoretical investigation of directional permeability of human vertebral cancellous bone for cement infiltration”. Baroud, G.; Falk, R.; Crookshank, M.; Sponagel, S.; Steffen, T. JF - Journal of Biomechanics. 37 (2004), H. 2 Y1 - 2004 SN - 0021-9290 SP - 1802 ER -