TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wilbring, Daniela
A1  - Enning, Manfred
A1  - Pfaff, Raphael
A1  - Schmidt, Bernd
T1  - Neue Perspektiven für die Bahn in der Produktions- und Distributionslogistik durch Prozessautomation
JF  - ETR - Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau
Y1  - 2020
SN  - 0013-2845
VL  - 69
IS  - 3
SP  - 15
EP  - 19
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Finger, Felix
A1  - de Vries, Reynard
A1  - Vos, Roelof
A1  - Braun, Carsten
A1  - Bil, Cees
T1  - A comparison of hybrid-electric aircraft sizing methods
T2  - AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum
N2  - The number of case studies focusing on hybrid-electric aircraft is steadily increasing, since these configurations are thought to lead to lower operating costs and environmental impact than traditional aircraft. However, due to the lack of reference data of actual hybrid-electric aircraft, in most cases, the design tools and results are difficult to validate. In this paper, two independently developed approaches for hybrid-electric conceptual aircraft design are compared. An existing 19-seat commuter aircraft is selected as the conventional baseline, and both design tools are used to size that aircraft. The aircraft is then re-sized under consideration of hybrid-electric propulsion technology. This is performed for parallel, serial, and fully-electric powertrain architectures. Finally, sensitivity studies are conducted to assess the validity of the basic assumptions and approaches regarding the design of hybrid-electric aircraft. Both methods are found to predict the maximum take-off mass (MTOM) of the reference aircraft with less than 4% error. The MTOM and payload-range energy efficiency of various (hybrid-) electric configurations are predicted with a maximum difference of approximately 2% and 5%, respectively. The results of this study confirm a correct formulation and implementation of the two design methods, and the data obtained can be used by researchers to benchmark and validate their design tools.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1006
N1  - AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum, Driving aerospace solutions for global challenges, Orlando, 06. - 10. January 2020
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kreyer, Jörg
A1  - Müller, Marvin
A1  - Esch, Thomas
T1  - A Map-Based Model for the Determination of Fuel Consumption for Internal Combustion Engines as a Function of Flight Altitude
N2  - In addition to very high safety and reliability requirements, the design of internal combustion engines (ICE) in aviation focuses on economic efficiency. The objective must be to design the aircraft powertrain optimized for a specific flight mission with respect to fuel consumption and specific engine power. Against this background, expert tools provide valuable decision-making assistance for the customer. In this paper, a mathematical calculation model for the fuel consumption of aircraft ICE is presented. This model enables the derivation of fuel consumption maps for different engine configurations. Depending on the flight conditions and based on these maps, the current and the integrated fuel consumption for freely definable flight emissions is calculated. For that purpose, an interpolation method is used, that has been optimized for accuracy and calculation time. The mission boundary conditions flight altitude and power requirement of the ICE form the basis for this calculation. The mathematical fuel consumption model is embedded in a parent program. This parent program presents the simulated fuel consumption by means of an example flight mission for a representative airplane. The focus of the work is therefore on reproducing exact consumption data for flight operations. By use of the empirical approaches according to Gagg-Farrar [1] the power and fuel consumption as a function of the flight altitude are determined. To substantiate this approaches, a 1-D ICE model based on the multi-physical simulation tool GT-Suite® has been created. This 1-D engine model offers the possibility to analyze the filling and gas change processes, the internal combustion as well as heat and friction losses for an ICE under altitude environmental conditions. Performance measurements on a dynamometer at sea level for a naturally aspirated ICE with a displacement of 1211 ccm used in an aviation aircraft has been done to validate the 1-D ICE model. To check the plausibility of the empirical approaches with respect to the fuel consumption and performance adjustment for the flight altitude an analysis of the ICE efficiency chain of the 1-D engine model is done. In addition, a comparison of literature and manufacturer data with the simulation results is presented.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.25967/490162
N1  - 68. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 30.09.-02.10.2019, Darmstadt
PB  - DGLR
CY  - Bonn
ER  -