TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heuermann, Holger
A1  - Emmrich, Thomas
A1  - Bongartz, Simon
T1  - Microwave spark plug to support ignitions with high compression ratios
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
N2  - Upcoming gasoline engines should run with a larger number of fuels beginning from petrol over methanol up to gas by a wide range of compression ratios and a homogeneous charge. In this article, the microwave (MW) spark plug, based on a high-speed frequency hopping system, is introduced as a solution, which can support a nitrogen compression ratio up to 1:39 in a chamber and more. First, an overview of the high-speed frequency hopping MW ignition and operation system as well as the large number of applications are presented. Both gives an understanding of this new base technology for MW plasma generation. Focus of the theoretical part is the explanation of the internal construction of the spark plug, on the achievable of the high voltage generation as well as the high efficiency to hold the plasma. In detail, the development process starting with circuit simulations and ending with the numerical multiphysics field simulations is described. The concept is evaluated with a reference prototype covering the frequency range between 2.40 and 2.48 GHz and working over a large power range from 20 to 200 W. A larger number of different measurements starting by vector hot-S11 measurements and ending by combined working scenarios out of hot temperature, high pressure and charge motion are winding up the article. The limits for the successful pressure tests were given by the pressure chamber. Pressures ranged from 1 to 39 bar and charge motion up to 25 m/s as well as temperatures from 30◦ to 125◦.
KW  - Automotive application
KW  - ignition
KW  - microplasma
KW  - microwave (MW) plasma
KW  - plasma jet
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2022.3183690
SN  - 1939-9375
IS  - Early Access
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - IEEE
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hüning, Felix
A1  - Jaekel, C.
A1  - Francois, I.
A1  - Kyas, G.
T1  - Microwave surface impedance measurements on high-Tc superconductors / Jaekel, C. ; Francois, I. ; Kyas, G. ; Hüning, F. ; Roskos, H. G. ; Borghs, G. ; Kurz, H.
JF  - Czechoslovak Journal of Physics. 46 (1996), H. Suppl. 2
Y1  - 1996
SN  - 1572-9486
IS  - 46
SP  - 1117
EP  - 1118
PB  - Springer Science+Business Media
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Näther, Niko
A1  - Auger, V.
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Koudelka-Hep, M.
T1  - Miniaturised flow-through cell with integrated capacitive EIS sensor fabricated at wafer level using Si and SU-8 technologies
JF  - Sensors and Actuators B. 108 (2005), H. 1-2
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0925-4005
N1  - Proceedings of the Tenth International Meeting on Chemical Sensors — IMCS - 10 2004
SP  - 986
EP  - 992
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Simonis, A.
A1  - Dawgul, M.
A1  - Lüth, H.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Miniaturised reference electrodes for field-effect sensors compatible to silicon chip technology
JF  - Electrochimica Acta. 51 (2005), H. 5
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0013-4686
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2005.04.063
SP  - 930
EP  - 937
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Steinseifer, Ulrich
A1  - Kashefi, Ali
A1  - Hormes, Marcus
A1  - Schoberer, Mark
A1  - Orlikowsky, Thorsten
A1  - Behbahani, Mehdi
A1  - Behr, Marek
A1  - Schmitz-Rode, Thomas
T1  - Miniaturization of ECMO Systems : Engineering Challenges and Methods
JF  - Artificial Organs. 33 (2009), H. 5
Y1  - 2009
SN  - 1525-1594
N1  - Fifth International Conference on Pediatric Mechanical Circulatory Support Systems and Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Perfusion Abstracts <May 28, 2009>
SP  - A55
EP  - A55
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Ronkel, F.
A1  - Crott, M.
A1  - Thust, M. (u.a.)
T1  - Miniaturization of potentiometric sensors using porous silicon microtechnology
JF  - Electrochimica Acta. 42 (1997), H. 22
Y1  - 1997
SN  - 0013-4686
SP  - 3185
EP  - 3193
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Miyamoto, Ko-ichiro
A1  - Kaneko, Kazumi
A1  - Matsuo, Akira
A1  - Wagner, Torsten
A1  - Kanoh, Shiníchiro
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Yoshinobu, Tatsuo
T1  - Miniaturized chemical imaging sensor system using an OLED display panel
JF  - Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
N2  - The chemical imaging sensor is a semiconductor-based chemical sensor that can visualize the two-dimensional distribution of specific ions or molecules in the solution. In this study, we developed a miniaturized chemical imaging sensor system with an OLED display panel as a light source that scans the sensor plate. In the proposed configuration, the display panel is placed directly below the sensor plate and illuminates the back surface. The measured area defined by illumination can be arbitrarily customized to fit the size and the shape of the sample to be measured. The waveform of the generated photocurrent, the current–voltage characteristics and the pH sensitivity were investigated and pH imaging with this miniaturized system was demonstrated.
KW  - LAPS
KW  - Light-addressable potentiometric sensor
KW  - Chemical imaging sensor
KW  - Organic light-emitting diode display
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2011.02.029
SN  - 0925-4005
N1  - Part of special issue "Eurosensors XXIV, 2010"
VL  - 170
SP  - 82
EP  - 87
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Miyamoto, Ko-ichiro
A1  - Kaneko, Kazumi
A1  - Matsuo, Akira
A1  - Wagner, Torsten
A1  - Kanoh, Shin`ichiro
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Yoshinobu, Tatsuo
T1  - Miniaturized chemical imaging sensor system using an OLED display panel
JF  - Procedia Engineering. 5 (2010)
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 1877-7058
N1  - Eurosensor XXIV Conference
SP  - 516
EP  - 519
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Näther, Niko
A1  - Auger, V.
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Koudelka-Hep, M.
T1  - Miniaturized flow-through cell with integrated capacitive EIS sensors fabricated at wafer level using Si and Su-8 technologies
JF  - Technical digest of the 10th International Meeting on Chemical Sensors, July 11 - 14, 2004, Tsukuba, Japan / Japan Association of Chemical Sensors
Y1  - 2004
N1  - Chemical sensors ; 20.2004 Suppl. B. IMCS ; (10, 2004, Tsukuba) ; International Meeting on Chemical Sensors ; (10 : ; 2004.07.11-14 : ; Tsukuba)
SP  - 554
EP  - 555
PB  - Japan Association of Chemical Sensors
CY  - Fukuoka
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Molinnus, Denise
A1  - Iken, Heiko
A1  - Johnen, Anna Lynn
A1  - Richstein, Benjamin
A1  - Hellmich, Lena
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Knoch, Joachim
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Miniaturized pH-Sensitive Field-Effect Capacitors with Ultrathin Ta₂O₅ Films Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition
JF  - physica status solidi (a) applications and materials science
N2  - Miniaturized electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor capacitors (EISCAPs) with ultrathin gate insulators have been studied in terms of their pH-sensitive sensor characteristics: three different EISCAP systems consisting of Al–p-Si–Ta2O5(5 nm), Al–p-Si–Si3N4(1 or 2 nm)–Ta2O5 (5 nm), and Al–p-Si–SiO2(3.6 nm)–Ta2O5(5 nm) layer structures are characterized in buffer solution with different pH values by means of capacitance–voltage and constant capacitance method. The SiO2 and Si3N4 gate insulators are deposited by rapid thermal oxidation and rapid thermal nitridation, respectively, whereas the Ta2O5 film is prepared by atomic layer deposition. All EISCAP systems have a clear pH response, favoring the stacked gate insulators SiO2–Ta2O5 when considering the overall sensor characteristics, while the Si3N4(1 nm)–Ta2O5 stack delivers the largest accumulation capacitance (due to the lower equivalent oxide thickness) and a higher steepness in the slope of the capacitance–voltage curve among the studied stacked gate insulator systems.
KW  - atomic layer deposition
KW  - capacitive field-effect sensors
KW  - pH sensors
KW  - ultrathin gate insulators
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202100660
SN  - 1862-6319
N1  - Corresponding author: Michael J. Schöning
VL  - 219
IS  - 8
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
T1  - Minimum Transfer Times for Nonperfectly Reflecting Solar Sailcraft
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets. 41 (2004), H. 4
Y1  - 2004
SN  - 0022-4650
N1  - 2. ISSN: 1533-6794
SP  - 693
EP  - 695
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Wurm, Patrick
T1  - Mission analysis and performance comparison for an Advanced Solar Photon Thruster
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011
SN  - 0273-1177
VL  - 48
IS  - 11
SP  - 1858
EP  - 1868
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maiwald, Volker
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
T1  - Mission Design for a Multiple-Rendezvous Mission to Jupiter's Trojans
Y1  - 2010
N1  - COSPAR 2010 ; 38th COSPAR Scientific Assembly. Held 18-25 July 2010 in Bremen, Germany [Abstract]
SP  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rigling, Andreas
A1  - Eilmann, Britta
A1  - Koechli, Roger
A1  - Dobbertin, Matthias
T1  - Mistletoe-induced crown degradation in Scots pine in a xeric environment
N2  - Increasing Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) mortality has been recently observed in the dry inner valleys of the European Alps. Besides drought, infection with pine mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. austriacum) seems to play an important role in the mortality dynamics of Scots pines, but how mistletoes promote pine decline remains unclear. To verify whether pine mistletoe infection weakens the host via crown degradation, as observed for dwarf mistletoes, we studied the negative effects of pine mistletoe infestation on the photosynthetic tissues and branch growth of pairs of infested and non-infested branches. Pine mistletoe infection leads to crown degradation in its host by reducing the length, the radial increment, the ramification, the needle length and the number of needle years of the infested branches. This massive loss in photosynthetic tissue results in a reduction in primary production and a subsequent decrease in carbohydrate availability. The significant reduction in needle length due to mistletoe infection is an indication for a lower water and nutrient availability in infested branches. Thus, mistletoe infection might lead to a decrease in the availability of water and carbohydrates, the two most important growth factors, which are already shortened due to the chronic drought situation in the area. Therefore, pine mistletoe increases the risk of drought-induced mortality of its host when growing in a xeric environment.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpq038
SN  - 1758-4469  (Online)
SN  - 0829-318X (Print)
VL  - 30
IS  - 7
SP  - 845
EP  - 832
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Orzada, Stephan
A1  - Johst, Sören
A1  - Maderwald, Stefan
A1  - Bitz, Andreas
A1  - Solbach, Klaus
A1  - Ladd, Mark E.
T1  - Mitigation of B1(+) inhomogeneity on single-channel transmit systems with TIAMO
JF  - Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.24453
SN  - 1522-2594
VL  - 70
IS  - 1
SP  - 290
EP  - 294
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heuermann, Holger
A1  - Erkens, H.
T1  - Mixed-Mode Chain Scattering Parameters: Theory and Verification
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques
N2  - Chain scattering parameters or T-parameters are a useful tool for calculating cascaded two-ports. With the increasing importance of mixed-mode S-parameters, a need for converting the T-parameters from their unbalanced form into a balanced form emerges for suiting both common and differential mode waves, as well as the mode conversion. This paper presents the derivation of the equations for transformations between mixed-mode S- and T-parameters for a mixed-mode two-port. Although derived in a way very similar to monomode T-parameters, no simplifications were necessary. Measurement results exemplify the quality of the T-parameter transformation under real-life conditions.
Y1  - 2007
SN  - 0018-9480
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2007.902587
VL  - 55
IS  - 8
SP  - 1704
EP  - 1708
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wrede, Oliver
T1  - Mnemotechnik in graphischen Benutzeroberflächen
JF  - Form <Basel> / Form-Diskurs : Zeitschrift für Design und Theorie. 1 (1996), H. 2
Y1  - 1996
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schuba, Marko
A1  - Wrona, Konrad
T1  - Mobile Chip Electronic Commerce: Enabling Credit Card Payment for Mobile Devices / Schuba, Marko ; Wrona, Konrad
Y1  - 2000
N1  - eBiz2000 Specialist Conference @ CommunicAsia2000, Singapore, June 2000
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hartung, Frank
T1  - Mobile DRM Introduction: The Need for Mobile DRM
JF  - Digital Rights Management : Technological, Economic, Legal and Political Aspects / Becker, Eberhard [u.a.]
Y1  - 2003
N1  - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ; 2770
SP  - 138
EP  - 149
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schuba, Marko
A1  - Wrona, Konrad
A1  - Zavagli, Guido
T1  - Mobile Payments - State of the Art and Open Problems / Wrona, Konrad ; Schuba, Marko ; Zavagli, Guido
JF  - Electronic commerce : second international workshop ; proceedings / WELCOM 2001, Heidelberg, Germany, November 16-17, 2001. Ludger Fiege ... (ed.)
Y1  - 2001
SN  - 978-3-540-42878-7
N1  - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ; 2232
SP  - 88
EP  - 100
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  -