TY - JOUR A1 - Thoma, Andreas A1 - Thomessen, Karolin A1 - Gardi, Alessandro A1 - Fisher, A. A1 - Braun, Carsten T1 - Prioritising paths: An improved cost function for local path planning for UAV in medical applications JF - The Aeronautical Journal N2 - Even the shortest flight through unknown, cluttered environments requires reliable local path planning algorithms to avoid unforeseen obstacles. The algorithm must evaluate alternative flight paths and identify the best path if an obstacle blocks its way. Commonly, weighted sums are used here. This work shows that weighted Chebyshev distances and factorial achievement scalarising functions are suitable alternatives to weighted sums if combined with the 3DVFH* local path planning algorithm. Both methods considerably reduce the failure probability of simulated flights in various environments. The standard 3DVFH* uses a weighted sum and has a failure probability of 50% in the test environments. A factorial achievement scalarising function, which minimises the worst combination of two out of four objective functions, reaches a failure probability of 26%; A weighted Chebyshev distance, which optimises the worst objective, has a failure probability of 30%. These results show promise for further enhancements and to support broader applicability. KW - Path planning KW - Cost function KW - Multi-objective optimization Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2023.68 SN - 0001-9240 (Print) SN - 2059-6464 (Online) IS - First View SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Cambridge University Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dachwald, Bernd A1 - Ulamec, Stephan A1 - Kowalski, Julia A1 - Boxberg, Marc S. A1 - Baader, Fabian A1 - Biele, Jens A1 - Kömle, Norbert ED - Badescu, Viorel ED - Zacny, Kris ED - Bar-Cohen, Yoseph T1 - Ice melting probes T2 - Handbook of Space Resources N2 - The exploration of icy environments in the solar system, such as the poles of Mars and the icy moons (a.k.a. ocean worlds), is a key aspect for understanding their astrobiological potential as well as for extraterrestrial resource inspection. On these worlds, ice melting probes are considered to be well suited for the robotic clean execution of such missions. In this chapter, we describe ice melting probes and their applications, the physics of ice melting and how the melting behavior can be modeled and simulated numerically, the challenges for ice melting, and the required key technologies to deal with those challenges. We also give an overview of existing ice melting probes and report some results and lessons learned from laboratory and field tests. KW - Ice melting probe KW - Ice penetration KW - Icy moons KW - Ocean worlds KW - Mars Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-030-97912-6 (Print) SN - 978-3-030-97913-3 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97913-3_29 SP - 955 EP - 996 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morais, Paulo V. A1 - Suman, Pedro H. A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Siqueira Junior, José R. A1 - Orlandi, Marcelo O. T1 - Layer-by-layer film based on Sn₃O₄ nanobelts as sensing units to detect heavy metals using a capacitive field-effect sensor platform JF - Chemosensors N2 - Lead and nickel, as heavy metals, are still used in industrial processes, and are classified as “environmental health hazards” due to their toxicity and polluting potential. The detection of heavy metals can prevent environmental pollution at toxic levels that are critical to human health. In this sense, the electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensor is an attractive sensing platform concerning the fabrication of reusable and robust sensors to detect such substances. This study is aimed to fabricate a sensing unit on an EIS device based on Sn₃O₄ nanobelts embedded in a polyelectrolyte matrix of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. The EIS-Sn₃O₄ sensor exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance for detecting Pb²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions, revealing a higher affinity for Pb²⁺ ions, with sensitivities of ca. 25.8 mV/decade and 2.4 mV/decade, respectively. Such results indicate that Sn₃O₄ nanobelts can contemplate a feasible proof-of-concept capacitive field-effect sensor for heavy metal detection, envisaging other future studies focusing on environmental monitoring. KW - Sn₃O₄ KW - nanobelts KW - field-effect sensor KW - LbL films KW - heavy metals Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11080436 SN - 2227-9040 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Sensors or Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials VL - 11 IS - 8 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffstadt, Kevin A1 - Cheenakula, Dheeraja A1 - Nikolausz, Marcell A1 - Krafft, Simone A1 - Harms, Hauke A1 - Kuperjans, Isabel T1 - Design and construction of a new reactor for flexible biomethanation of hydrogen JF - Fermentation N2 - The increasing share of renewable electricity in the grid drives the need for sufficient storage capacity. Especially for seasonal storage, power-to-gas can be a promising approach. Biologically produced methane from hydrogen produced from surplus electricity can be used to substitute natural gas in the existing infrastructure. Current reactor types are not or are poorly optimized for flexible methanation. Therefore, this work proposes a new reactor type with a plug flow reactor (PFR) design. Simulations in COMSOL Multiphysics ® showed promising properties for operation in laminar flow. An experiment was conducted to support the simulation results and to determine the gas fraction of the novel reactor, which was measured to be 29%. Based on these simulations and experimental results, the reactor was constructed as a 14 m long, 50 mm diameter tube with a meandering orientation. Data processing was established, and a step experiment was performed. In addition, a kLa of 1 h−1 was determined. The results revealed that the experimental outcomes of the type of flow and gas fractions are in line with the theoretical simulation. The new design shows promising properties for flexible methanation and will be tested. KW - methanation KW - plug flow reactor KW - bubble column KW - bio-methane KW - power-to-gas Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9080774 SN - 2311-5637 N1 - The article belongs to the Special Issue Fermentation Processes: Modeling, Optimization and Control VL - 9 IS - 8 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Coll-Perales, Baldomero A1 - Schulte-Tigges, Joschua A1 - Rondinone, Michele A1 - Gozalvez, Javier A1 - Reke, Michael A1 - Matheis, Dominik A1 - Walter, Thomas T1 - Prototyping and evaluation of infrastructure-assisted transition of control for cooperative automated vehicles JF - IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems N2 - Automated driving is now possible in diverse road and traffic conditions. However, there are still situations that automated vehicles cannot handle safely and efficiently. In this case, a Transition of Control (ToC) is necessary so that the driver takes control of the driving. Executing a ToC requires the driver to get full situation awareness of the driving environment. If the driver fails to get back the control in a limited time, a Minimum Risk Maneuver (MRM) is executed to bring the vehicle into a safe state (e.g., decelerating to full stop). The execution of ToCs requires some time and can cause traffic disruption and safety risks that increase if several vehicles execute ToCs/MRMs at similar times and in the same area. This study proposes to use novel C-ITS traffic management measures where the infrastructure exploits V2X communications to assist Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) in the execution of ToCs. The infrastructure can suggest a spatial distribution of ToCs, and inform vehicles of the locations where they could execute a safe stop in case of MRM. This paper reports the first field operational tests that validate the feasibility and quantify the benefits of the proposed infrastructure-assisted ToC and MRM management. The paper also presents the CAV and roadside infrastructure prototypes implemented and used in the trials. The conducted field trials demonstrate that infrastructure-assisted traffic management solutions can reduce safety risks and traffic disruptions. KW - Automated driving KW - automated vehicles KW - connected automated vehicles KW - CAV KW - experimental evaluation Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2021.3061085 SN - 1524-9050 (Print) SN - 1558-0016 (Online) VL - 23 IS - 7 SP - 6720 EP - 6736 PB - IEEE ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schulte-Tigges, Joschua A1 - Matheis, Dominik A1 - Reke, Michael A1 - Walter, Thomas A1 - Kaszner, Daniel ED - Krömker, Heidi T1 - Demonstrating a V2X enabled system for transition of control and minimum risk manoeuvre when leaving the operational design domain T2 - HCII 2023: HCI in Mobility, Transport, and Automotive Systems N2 - Modern implementations of driver assistance systems are evolving from a pure driver assistance to a independently acting automation system. Still these systems are not covering the full vehicle usage range, also called operational design domain, which require the human driver as fall-back mechanism. Transition of control and potential minimum risk manoeuvres are currently research topics and will bridge the gap until full autonomous vehicles are available. The authors showed in a demonstration that the transition of control mechanisms can be further improved by usage of communication technology. Receiving the incident type and position information by usage of standardised vehicle to everything (V2X) messages can improve the driver safety and comfort level. The connected and automated vehicle’s software framework can take this information to plan areas where the driver should take back control by initiating a transition of control which can be followed by a minimum risk manoeuvre in case of an unresponsive driver. This transition of control has been implemented in a test vehicle and was presented to the public during the IEEE IV2022 (IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symposium) in Aachen, Germany. KW - V2X KW - Transiton of Control KW - Minimum Risk Manoeuvre KW - Operational Design Domain KW - Connected Automated Vehicle Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-35677-3 (Print) SN - 978-3-031-35678-0 (Online) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35678-0_12 N1 - 5th International Conference, MobiTAS 2023, Held as Part of the 25th HCI International Conference, HCII 2023, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 23–28, 2023. SP - 200 EP - 210 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Eggert, Mathias A1 - Moulen, Tobias ED - D'Onofrio, Sara ED - Meinhardt, Stefan T1 - Auswahl von Geschäftsprozessen zur Anwendung von Robotic Process Automation – Vergleich relevanter Kriterien aus Theorie und Praxis T2 - Robotik in der Wirtschaftsinformatik N2 - Die Auswahl der passenden Geschäftsprozesse für eine Automatisierung mittels Robotic Process Automation (RPA) ist für den Erfolg von RPA-Projekten entscheidend. Das vorliegende Kapitel liefert dafür Selektionskriterien, die aus einer qualitativen Studie mit elf interviewten RPA-Experten aus dem Versicherungsumfeld resultieren. Das Ergebnis umfasst eine gewichtete Liste von sieben Dimensionen und 51 Prozesskriterien, welche die Automatisierung mit Softwarerobotern begünstigen beziehungsweise deren Nichterfüllung eine Umsetzung erschweren oder sogar verhindern. Die drei wichtigsten Kriterien zur Auswahl von Geschäftsprozessen für die Automatisierung mittels RPA umfassen die Entlastung der an dem Prozess mitwirkenden Mitarbeiter (Arbeitnehmerentlastung), die Ausführbarkeit des Prozesses mittels Regeln (Regelbasierte Prozessteuerung) sowie ein positiver Kosten-Nutzen-Vergleich. Auf diesen Ergebnissen aufbauend wird ein Vergleich mit den bereits bekannten Selektionskriterien aus der Literatur erstellt und diskutiert. Praktiker können die Ergebnisse verwenden, um eine systematische Auswahl von RPA-relevanten Prozessen vorzunehmen. Aus wissenschaftlicher Perspektive stellen die Ergebnisse eine Grundlage zur Erklärung des Erfolgs und Misserfolgs von RPA-Projekten dar. KW - Experteninterviews KW - Prozessauswahl KW - Selektionskriterien KW - Prozessverbesserung KW - Prozessautomatisierung KW - Robotic Process Automation Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-658-39620-6 (Print) SN - 978-3-658-39621-3 (Online) N1 - Vollständig überarbeiteter und erweiterter Beitrag basierend auf Eggert M, Moulen T (2020) Selektion von Geschäftsprozessen zur Anwendung von Robotic Process Automation am Beispiel einer Versicherung, 57(5):1150–1162 SP - 107 EP - 129 PB - Springer Vieweg CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grajewski, Matthias A1 - Kleefeld, Andreas T1 - Detecting and approximating decision boundaries in low-dimensional spaces JF - Numerical Algorithms N2 - A method for detecting and approximating fault lines or surfaces, respectively, or decision curves in two and three dimensions with guaranteed accuracy is presented. Reformulated as a classification problem, our method starts from a set of scattered points along with the corresponding classification algorithm to construct a representation of a decision curve by points with prescribed maximal distance to the true decision curve. Hereby, our algorithm ensures that the representing point set covers the decision curve in its entire extent and features local refinement based on the geometric properties of the decision curve. We demonstrate applications of our method to problems related to the detection of faults, to multi-criteria decision aid and, in combination with Kirsch’s factorization method, to solving an inverse acoustic scattering problem. In all applications we considered in this work, our method requires significantly less pointwise classifications than previously employed algorithms. KW - MCDA KW - Inverse scattering problem KW - Fault approximation KW - Fault detection Y1 - 2023 SN - 1572-9265 N1 - Corresponding author: Matthias Grajewski VL - 93 IS - 4 PB - Springer Science+Business Media CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cheenakula, Dheeraja A1 - Griebel, Kai A1 - Montag, David A1 - Grömping, Markus ED - Huang, Xiaowu T1 - Concept development of a mainstream deammonification and comparison with conventional process in terms of energy, performance and economical construction perspectives JF - Frontiers in Microbiology N2 - Deammonification for nitrogen removal in municipal wastewater in temperate and cold climate zones is currently limited to the side stream of municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWWTP). This study developed a conceptual model of a mainstream deammonification plant, designed for 30,000 P.E., considering possible solutions corresponding to the challenging mainstream conditions in Germany. In addition, the energy-saving potential, nitrogen elimination performance and construction-related costs of mainstream deammonification were compared to a conventional plant model, having a single-stage activated sludge process with upstream denitrification. The results revealed that an additional treatment step by combining chemical precipitation and ultra-fine screening is advantageous prior the mainstream deammonification. Hereby chemical oxygen demand (COD) can be reduced by 80% so that the COD:N ratio can be reduced from 12 to 2.5. Laboratory experiments testing mainstream conditions of temperature (8–20°C), pH (6–9) and COD:N ratio (1–6) showed an achievable volumetric nitrogen removal rate (VNRR) of at least 50 gN/(m3∙d) for various deammonifying sludges from side stream deammonification systems in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, where m3 denotes reactor volume. Assuming a retained Norganic content of 0.0035 kgNorg./(P.E.∙d) from the daily loads of N at carbon removal stage and a VNRR of 50 gN/(m3∙d) under mainstream conditions, a resident-specific reactor volume of 0.115 m3/(P.E.) is required for mainstream deammonification. This is in the same order of magnitude as the conventional activated sludge process, i.e., 0.173 m3/(P.E.) for an MWWTP of size class of 4. The conventional plant model yielded a total specific electricity demand of 35 kWh/(P.E.∙a) for the operation of the whole MWWTP and an energy recovery potential of 15.8 kWh/(P.E.∙a) through anaerobic digestion. In contrast, the developed mainstream deammonification model plant would require only a 21.5 kWh/(P.E.∙a) energy demand and result in 24 kWh/(P.E.∙a) energy recovery potential, enabling the mainstream deammonification model plant to be self-sufficient. The retrofitting costs for the implementation of mainstream deammonification in existing conventional MWWTPs are nearly negligible as the existing units like activated sludge reactors, aerators and monitoring technology are reusable. However, the mainstream deammonification must meet the performance requirement of VNRR of about 50 gN/(m3∙d) in this case. KW - anammox KW - energy efficiency KW - mainstream deammonification KW - nitrogen elimination KW - wastewater Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1155235 SN - 1664-302X VL - 14 IS - 11155235 SP - 1 EP - 15 PB - Frontiers ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trapp, Svenja A1 - Lammers, Tom A1 - Engudar, Gokce A1 - Hoehr, Cornelia A1 - Denkova, Antonia G. A1 - Paulßen, Elisabeth A1 - de Kruijff, Robin M. T1 - Membrane-based microfluidic solvent extraction of Ga-68 from aqueous Zn solutions: towards an automated cyclotron production loop JF - EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry KW - Microfluidic solvent extraction KW - Ga-68 KW - Cyclotron production KW - Medical radionuclide production KW - Metal contaminants Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1186/s41181-023-00195-2 SN - 2365-421X VL - 2023 IS - 8, Article number: 9 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ulmer, Jessica A1 - Braun, Sebastian A1 - Wollert, Jörg T1 - Adaptive VR-Produktionsumgebungen für Evaluations- und Schulungstätigkeiten T1 - Adaptive VR production environments for evaluation and training purposes T2 - Automation 2021: Navigating towards resilient Production N2 - Industrie 4.0 stellt viele Herausforderungen an produzierende Unternehmen und ihre Beschäf-tigten. Innovative und effektive Trainingsstrategien sind erforderlich, um mit den sich schnell verändernden Produktionsumgebungen und neuen Fertigungstechnologien Schritt halten zu können. Virtual Reality (VR) bietet neue Möglichkeiten für On-the-Job, On-Demand- und Off-Premise-Schulungen. Diese Arbeit stellt ein neues VR Schulungssystem vor, welches sich flexible an unterschiedliche Trainingsobjekte auf Grundlage von Rezepten und CAD Modellen anpassen lässt. Das Konzept basiert auf gerichteten azyklischen Graphen und einem Level-system. Es ermöglicht eine benutzerindividuelle Lerngeschwindigkeit mittels visueller Ele-mente. Das Konzept wurde für einen mechanischen Anwendungsfall mit Industriekomponen-ten implementiert und in der Industrie 4.0-Modellfabrik der FH Aachen umgesetzt. N2 - Industry 4.0 poses many challenges for manufacturing companies and their employees. Inno-vative and effective training strategies are needed to keep pace with rapidly changing produc-tion environments and new manufacturing technologies. Virtual reality (VR) offers new oppor-tunities for on-the-job, on-demand, and off-premise training. This work presents a new VR training system that can be flexibly adapted to different training objects based on recipes and CAD models. The concept is based on directed acyclic graphs and a level system. It allows a user-individual learning speed by means of visual elements. The concept was implemented for a mechanical use case with industrial components and implemented in the industry 4.0 model factory of the FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-18-092392-5 U6 - https://doi.org/10.51202/9783181023921-55 SN - 0083-5560 N1 - 22. Leitkongress der Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik AUTOMATION 2021 - Navigating towards resilient Production, 29. und 30. Juni 2021 SP - 55 EP - 64 PB - VDI CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ulmer, Jessica A1 - Mostafa, Youssef A1 - Wollert, Jörg T1 - Digital Twin Academy: From Zero to Hero through individual learning experiences T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2022: Wissenstransfer im Spannungsfeld von Autonomisierung und Fachkräftemangel N2 - Digital twins are seen as one of the key technologies of Industry 4.0. Although many research groups focus on digital twins and create meaningful outputs, the technology has not yet reached a broad application in the industry. The main reasons for this imbalance are the complexity of the topic, the lack of specialists, and the unawareness of the twin opportunities. The project "Digital Twin Academy" aims to overcome these barriers by focusing on three actions: Building a digital twin community for discussion and exchange, offering multi-stage training for various knowledge levels, and implementing realworld use cases for deeper insights and guidance. In this work, we focus on creating a flexible learning platform that allows the user to select a training path adjusted to personal knowledge and needs. Therefore, a mix of basic and advanced modules is created and expanded by individual feedback options. The usage of personas supports the selection of the appropriate modules. KW - Digital Twins KW - Knowledge Transfer KW - Training Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:bsz:l189-qucosa2-776097 SN - 978-3-910103-00-9 N1 - 18. AALE-Konferenz. Pforzheim, 09.03.-11.03.2022 SP - 1 EP - 9 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Chavez Bermudez, Victor Francisco A1 - Cruz Castanon, Victor Fernando A1 - Ruchay, Marco A1 - Wollert, Jörg ED - Leipzig, Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur T1 - Rapid prototyping framework for automation applications based on IO-Link T2 - Tagungsband AALE 2022: Wissenstransfer im Spannungsfeld von Autonomisierung und Fachkräftemangel N2 - The development of protype applications with sensors and actuators in the automation industry requires tools that are independent of manufacturer, and are flexible enough to be modified or extended for any specific requirements. Currently, developing prototypes with industrial sensors and actuators is not straightforward. First of all, the exchange of information depends on the industrial protocol that these devices have. Second, a specific configuration and installation is done based on the hardware that is used, such as automation controllers or industrial gateways. This means that the development for a specific industrial protocol, highly depends on the hardware and the software that vendors provide. In this work we propose a rapid-prototyping framework based on Arduino to solve this problem. For this project we have focused to work with the IO-Link protocol. The framework consists of an Arduino shield that acts as the physical layer, and a software that implements the IO-Link Master protocol. The main advantage of such framework is that an application with industrial devices can be rapid-prototyped with ease as its vendor independent, open-source and can be ported easily to other Arduino compatible boards. In comparison, a typical approach requires proprietary hardware, is not easy to port to another system and is closed-source. KW - Rapid-prototyping KW - Arduino KW - IO-Link KW - Industrial Communication Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-910103-00-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.33968/2022.28 N1 - 18. AALE-Konferenz. Pforzheim, 09.03.-11.03.2022 CY - Leipzig ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cheng, Chi-Tsun A1 - Wollert, Jörg A1 - Chen, Xi A1 - Fapojuwo, Abraham O. T1 - Guest Editorial : Circuits and Systems for Industry X.0 Applications JF - IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/JETCAS.2023.3278843 SN - 2156-3357 (Print) SN - 2156-3365 (Online) VL - 13 SP - 457 EP - 460 PB - IEEE CY - New York ET - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuchler, Timon A1 - Günthner, Roman A1 - Ribeiro, Andrea A1 - Hausinger, Renate A1 - Streese, Lukas A1 - Wöhnl, Anna A1 - Kesseler, Veronika A1 - Negele, Johanna A1 - Assali, Tarek A1 - Carbajo-Lozoya, Javier A1 - Lech, Maciej A1 - Adorjan, Kristina A1 - Stubbe, Hans Christian A1 - Hanssen, Henner A1 - Kotliar, Konstantin A1 - Haller, Berhard A1 - Heemann, Uwe A1 - Schmaderer, Christoph T1 - Persistent endothelial dysfunction in post-COVID-19 syndrome and its associations with symptom severity and chronic inflammation N2 - Background Post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) is a lingering disease with ongoing symptoms such as fatigue and cognitive impairment resulting in a high impact on the daily life of patients. Understanding the pathophysiology of PCS is a public health priority, as it still poses a diagnostic and treatment challenge for physicians. Methods In this prospective observational cohort study, we analyzed the retinal microcirculation using Retinal Vessel Analysis (RVA) in a cohort of patients with PCS and compared it to an age- and gender-matched healthy cohort (n = 41, matched out of n = 204). Measurements and main results PCS patients exhibit persistent endothelial dysfunction (ED), as indicated by significantly lower venular flicker-induced dilation (vFID; 3.42% ± 1.77% vs. 4.64% ± 2.59%; p = 0.02), narrower central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE; 178.1 [167.5–190.2] vs. 189.1 [179.4–197.2], p = 0.01) and lower arteriolar-venular ratio (AVR; (0.84 [0.8–0.9] vs. 0.88 [0.8–0.9], p = 0.007). When combining AVR and vFID, predicted scores reached good ability to discriminate groups (area under the curve: 0.75). Higher PCS severity scores correlated with lower AVR (R = − 0.37 p = 0.017). The association of microvascular changes with PCS severity were amplified in PCS patients exhibiting higher levels of inflammatory parameters. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that prolonged endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of PCS, and impairments of the microcirculation seem to explain ongoing symptoms in patients. As potential therapies for PCS emerge, RVA parameters may become relevant as clinical biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy management. KW - Endothelial dysfunction KW - Long COVID KW - Post-COVID-19 syndrome KW - retinal microvasculature Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10456-023-09885-6 N1 - Corresponding author: Christoph Schmaderer VL - 26 SP - 547 EP - 563 PB - Springer Nature CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - INPR A1 - Greiner, Lasse A1 - Jeromin, Günter Erich A1 - Sithole, Patience A1 - Petersen, Soenke T1 - Preprint: Studies on the enzymatic reduction of levulinic acid using Chiralidon-R and Chiralidon-S T2 - ChemRxiv N2 - The enzymatic reduction of levulinic acid by the chiral catalysts Chiralidon-R and Chiralidon-S which are commercially available superabsorbed alcohol dehydrogenases is described. The Chiralidon®-R/S reduces the levulinic acid to the (R,S)-4-hydroxy valeric acid and the (R)- or (S)- gamma-valerolactone. KW - Levulinic acid KW - Chiralidon-R KW - Chiralidon-S KW - 4-hydroxy valeric acid KW - (R)- or (S)- gamma-valerolactone Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-jlvcv ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ohrtmann, Jan-Peter A1 - Golland, Alexander T1 - Datenschutz & Datenrecht – ein Ausblick auf 2023: Gesetzgebungsverfahren auf EU-Ebene JF - DSB Datenschutz-Berater N2 - Die Verfasser stellen in ihrem Beitrag die künftig in Kraft tretenden oder schon in Kraft getretenen Gesetzesvorhaben der europäischen Union vor. Vorab werde auf die abgelaufene Frist zur Anpassung von Standardvertragsklausel hingewiesen. Die Anpassung könne ggf. durch den Data Privacy Act der Kommission bewirkt werden, da dieser eine Angemessenheit suggeriere. Neben dem Digital Markets Act, der die Wahrung der Diskriminierungsfreiheit den Gatekeeper-Plattformen bezüglich der Bewerbung von Waren Dritter vorschreibt, sind ebenfalls der Digital Service Act und der Data Governance Act in Kraft getreten und werden künftig wirksam. Letzteres bezweckt den Datenaustausch von nicht-personenbezogenen Daten öffentlich-rechtlicher Datensätze, wobei anders als bei DSA, der die Verbraucherrechte durchsetzen möchte, mangels Verpflichtung die praktische Umsetzung ausbleiben werde. In der Entwurfsphase stecken der Artificial Intelligence Act, der Data Act, sowie der Cyber Resilience Act. Allen drei sei wegen dem weiten Anwendungsspielraum, der Bußgeldandrohung oder der Cyber-Bedrohungslage besondere praktische Relevanz beizumessen. Die Kommission weite durch diese Gesetzesvorhaben ihre Regelungsabsicht auch auf nicht-personenbezogene Daten und dem Datentransfer aus. Im Ergebnis werden die Unternehmen mit mehr Verpflichtungen konfrontiert, zu dessen Umsetzung ein funktionierendes Compliance-Management-System unabdingbar sei. Y1 - 2023 VL - 2023 IS - 2 SP - 43 EP - 46 PB - Fachmedien Recht und Wirtschaft CY - Frankfurt am Main ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ohrtmann, Jan-Peter A1 - Golland, Alexander T1 - Datenschutz & Datenrecht – ein Ausblick auf 2023: Nationale Entwicklungen, EuGH-Vorlagen & Aufsicht JF - DSB Datenschutz-Berater N2 - Die Verfasser vermitteln einen Überblick über die nationalen Gesetzgebungsverfahren und wesentliche EuGH-Vorlagefragen betreffend den Datenschutz und das Datenrecht für das Jahr 2023. Zunächst folgen u.a. Hinweise in Bezug auf den Hinweisgeberschutz, die Verabschiedung der Einwilligungsverwaltungs-Verordnung zur Konkretisierung des § 26 TTDSG und das Mobilitätsdatengesetz. Anschließend werden Vorlagefragen deutscher Gerichte, die dem EuGH vorgelegt und bereits am 12.01.2023 beantwortet wurden, wie etwa C-154/21 und C-132/21 und die EuGH-Entscheidung vom 9.2.2023 (C-453/21), thematisiert. Überdies führen die Autoren wesentliche Entscheidungen des EuGH an, die im Jahr 2023 aus dem Bereich Datenrecht und Datenschutz zu erwarten seien. Auch Aktivitäten der Datenschutzaufsicht auf nationaler und europäischer Ebene finden Erwähnung. Die Verfasser machen abschließend auf besonders interessante Entscheidungen, die 2023 erwartet werden, wie etwa das EuGH-Urteil zum Auskunftsanspruch, sowie auf das Verhältnis des der Whistleblowing-RL umzusetzende Hinweisgeberschutzgesetz einerseits und Vorgaben des Datenschutzes andererseits, aufmerksam. Sie empfehlen, die künftige Rechtsprechung des EuGH im Blick zu behalten. Y1 - 2023 VL - 2023 IS - 3 SP - 73 EP - 75 PB - DFV Mediengruppe CY - Frankfurt a.M. ER - TY - GEN A1 - Golland, Alexander T1 - Formelle DSGVO-Verstöße wirken sich nicht auf Rechtmäßigkeit der Verarbeitung aus BT - Zugleich Besprechung einer Entscheidung des EuGH, Urteil vom 4.5.2023 - C-60/22 T2 - DSB Datenschutz-Berater N2 - In dem vorliegenden Beitrag setzt sich der Verfasser mit dem Urteil des EuGH vom 4.5.2023 (Az.: C-60/22, DSB 2023, 178) zu den Auswirkungen eines formellen Verstoßes des Verantwortlichen gegen die Pflichten aus Artt. 26, 30 DSGVO (juris: EUV 2016/679) auf die Rechtmäßigkeit der Datenverarbeitung auseinander. Nachdem zunächst der zugrunde liegende Sachverhalt und der Hintergrund des Vorlageverfahrens skizziert wurden, gibt der Verfasser einen Überblick über die wesentlichen Entscheidungsgründe des EuGH. Insbesondere stelle der EuGH hier fest, dass die Rechtmäßigkeit der Verarbeitung in Art. 6 DSGVO geregelt sei und sich eine rechtswidrige Verarbeitung daher nur aus einem Verstoß gegen die Artt. 6 ff. DSGVO ergeben könne; die Pflichten aus Art. 26 und Art. 30 DSGVO würden nicht zu den Gründen für die Rechtmäßigkeit der Verarbeitung zählen. Mit Blick auf die Praxis lasse sich, so der Verfasser abschließend, festhalten, dass die Entscheidung insofern nicht überraschend sei; jedoch sei die Feststellung, dass sich aus Verstößen gegen Art. 26 und Art. 30 DSGVO kein Verstoß gegen das Grundrecht auf den Schutz personenbezogener Daten nachweisen lasse überraschend und bedenklich. Auch überrasche es, dass der EuGH eher in einem Nebensatz feststelle, dass der Verantwortliche im Prozess aufgrund seiner Rechenschaftspflicht gegenüber Betroffenen beweisbelastet ist; ob sich die Kammer hier der möglichen Auswirkungen ihrer Ausführungen bewusst gewesen sei, bleibe fraglich. Y1 - 2023 N1 - Entscheidungsreport SP - 178 EP - 180 PB - DFV Mediengruppe CY - Frankfurt a.M. ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Golland, Alexander T1 - Immaterieller Schadensersatz bei Datenschutzverstößen – EuGH tariert aus JF - NWB - Steuer- und Wirtschaftsrecht N2 - Umsatzbasierte Bußgelder – wie sonst nur aus dem Kartellrecht bekannt – waren einer der Gründe, warum die Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DSGVO) vor ihrem Inkrafttreten für erhebliches Aufsehen sorgte. Die vielfach relevanteren Schadensersatzansprüche, die, wie bei „Dieselgate“, aufgrund der Vielzahl von betroffenen Personen und der aus Sicht von Rechtsdienstleistern bestehenden Skalierbarkeit mit weitaus höheren Einbußen für Unternehmen einhergehen können, blieben zunächst unbeachtet. Inzwischen ist der Schadensersatzanspruch gem. Art. 82 DSGVO die Vorschrift, die die meisten Vorlagen zum Europäischen Gerichtshof (EuGH) der letzten Jahre hervorgerufen hat. Am 4.5.2023 hat nun der EuGH (Urteil v. 4.5.2023 - Rs. C-300/21, NWB GAAAJ-41389) in einem Grundsatzurteil über zentrale Fragen rund um den Ersatz immaterieller Schäden als Folge von Datenschutzverstößen entschieden. KW - Datenschutzgrundverordnung KW - Schadensersatz Y1 - 2023 SN - 0028-3460 VL - 2023 IS - 26 SP - 1845 EP - 1845 PB - NWB Verlag CY - Herne ER -