TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Kicin, S
A1  - Cambel, V.
A1  - Kuliffayova, M.
T1  - Fabrication of GaAs symmetric pyramidal mesas prepared by wet-chemical etching using AlAs interlayer. Kicin, S.; Cambel, V.; Kuliffayova, M.; Gregusova, D.; Kovacova, E.; Novak, J.; Kostic, I.; Forster, A.
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics. 91 (2002), H. 2
Y1  - 2002
SN  - 1089-7550
SP  - 878
EP  - 880
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Janssen, G.
A1  - Roer, T. G. van de
T1  - Logic Circuits with reduced complexity based on devices with higher functionality / G. Janssen ; T. G. van de Roer ; W. Prost ... A. Förster
JF  - Proceedings / STW/SAFE 2nd Annual Workshop on Semiconductor Advances for Future Electronics, Safe '99 - ProRISC/IEEE 10th Annual Workshop on Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing, ProRISC 99 : November 24 - 26, 1999, Mierlo, The Netherlands [Elektronische Ressource]
Y1  - 1999
N1  - SAFE <2, 1999, Mierlo> ; Workshop on Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing <10, 1999, Mierlo> ; Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen
SP  - 219
PB  - Technology Foundation, STW
CY  - Utrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Indlekofer, K.M.
A1  - Lüth, H.
T1  - Density-matrix description of a quantum dot system with variable lateral confinement in the single-electron tunneling regime. Indlekofer, K.M.; Förster, A.; Lüth, H.
JF  - Physica B: Condensed Matter. 314 (2002), H. 1-4
Y1  - 2002
SN  - 0921-4526
SP  - 499
EP  - 502
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Indlekofer, K.
A1  - Lange, J.
T1  - Theory of single-electron tunneling in resonant-tunneling diodes including scattering and multiple subbands at finite temperature / K. M. Indlekofer ; J. Lange ; A. Förster ...
JF  - Physical review / B, Condensed matter and materials physics. 53 (1996), H. 11
Y1  - 1996
SN  - 1095-3795
SP  - 7392
EP  - 7402
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Hu, Quing
A1  - Verghese, S.
T1  - High-frequency (f ~ 1 THz) studies of quantum-effect devices / Qing Hu ; S. Verghese ; R. A. Wyss ... A. Förster
JF  - Semiconductor science and technology. 11 (1996), H. 12
Y1  - 1996
SN  - 1361-6641
SP  - 1888
EP  - 1894
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Hauke, M.
A1  - Jakumeit, J.
A1  - Krafft, B.
T1  - DX Centers in Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs Analyzed by Point Contact Measurements. Hauke, M.; Jakumeit, J.; Krafft, B.; Nimtz, G.; Förster, A.; Lüth, H.
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics. 84 (1998), H. 4
Y1  - 1998
SN  - 1089-7550
SP  - 2034
EP  - 2039
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Hartmann, A.
A1  - Dieker, Ch.
A1  - Hollfelder, M.
T1  - Spontaneous formation of tilted AlGaAS/GaAs superlattice during AlGaAs growth. Hartmann, A.; Dieker, Ch.; Hollfelder, M.; Hardtdegen, H.; Förster, A.; Lüth, H.
JF  - Applied Surface Science. 123-124 (1998)
Y1  - 1998
SN  - 0169-4332
N1  - = Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on the Formation of Semiconductor Interfaces
SP  - 704
EP  - 709
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Hardtdegen, Hilde
A1  - Ungermanns, C.
T1  - Comparative investigation of electrical and optical characteristics of AlxGa1-xAs/GaAs structures deposited by LP-MOVPE and MBE / H. Hardtdegen ; M. Hollfelder ; C. Ungermanns ... A. Förster ...
JF  - Compound semiconductors, 1994 : proceedings of the twenty-first International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors held in San Diego, California, 18 - 22 September, 1994 / ed. by Herb Goronkin ... - (Conference series / Institute of Physics ; 141)
Y1  - 1995
SN  - 0-7503-0226-7
N1  - International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors <21, 1994, San Diego, Calif.> ;  Institute of Physics <London>
SP  - 81
EP  - ff.
PB  - Institute of Physics
CY  - Bristol [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Griebel, M.
A1  - Indlekofer, M.
A1  - Lüth, H.
T1  - Transport through a buried double barrier single electron transistor at low temperatures
JF  - Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures. 2 (1998), H. 1-4
Y1  - 1998
SN  - 1386-9477
SP  - 502
EP  - 506
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Griebel, M.
A1  - Indlekofer, K.M.
A1  - Lüth, H.
T1  - Single electron transport in resonant tunnelling diodes laterally confined by ion implantation. Griebel, M.; Indlekofer, K.M.; Förster, A.; Lüth, H.
JF  - Journal of  Physics D: Applied  Physics. 32 (1999), H. 14
Y1  - 1999
SN  - 1361-6463
SP  - 1729
EP  - 1733
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Griebel, M.
A1  - Indlekofer, K. M.
A1  - Lüth, H.
T1  - Transport properties of gated resonant tunneling diodes in the single electron regime. Griebel, M.; Indlekofer,  K. M.; Förster, A.; Lüth, H.
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics. 84 (1998), H. 12
Y1  - 1998
SN  - 1089-7550
SP  - 6719
EP  - 6724
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Döhler, G. H
A1  - Heber, J.
T1  - Hot electrons in n-i-p.i-based devices / G. H. Döhler ; J. Heber ... A. Förster ...
JF  - Hot electrons in semiconductors : physics and devices / ed. by N. Balkan. - (Series on semiconductor science and technology ; 5)
Y1  - 1998
SN  - 0-19-850058-0
SP  - 478
EP  - 504
PB  - Clarendon Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Dubecky, F..
A1  - Darmo, J.
T1  - Investigation of deep-level states in bulk and low temperature MBE semiinsulating GaAs by admittance transient spectroscopy /  F. Dubecky ; J. Darmo ; M. Darviras ; A. Förster ...
JF  - Semi-insulating III-V materials, Ixtapa, Mexico 1992 : proceedings of the 7th Conference on Semi-insulating III-V Materials, Ixtapa, Mexico, 21 - 24 April 1992 / ed. by C. J. Miner ...
Y1  - 1994
SN  - 0-7503-0242-9
N1  - Conference on Semi-Insulating III-V Materials <7, 1992, Ixtapa>
SP  - 265
EP  - 272
PB  - Inst. of Physics Publ.
CY  - Bristol [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Dieker, C.
A1  - Gerthsen, D.
T1  - Microstructure of the AlAs/GaAs and AlAs/InGaAs resonant tunneling diodes and its correlation with the electrical properties / C. Dieker ; D. Gerthsen ; A. Förster ...
JF  - Microscopy of semiconducting materials 1993 : proceedings of the Royal Microscopical Society Conference held at Oxford University, 5 - 8 April 1993 / ed. by A. G. Cullis ... - (Conference series / Institute of Physics ; 134)
Y1  - 1993
SN  - 0-7503-0290-9
N1  - Royal Microscopical Society Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials <8, 1993, Oxford> ; MSM <8, 1993, Oxford>
SP  - 253
EP  - ff.
PB  - Institute of Physics
CY  - Bristol [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Dekorsy, T.
A1  - Kim, A. T. M.
T1  - Subpicosecond coherent carrier-phonon dynamics in semiconductor heterostructures / T. Dekorsy ; A. M. T. Kim ; G. C. Cho ... A. Förster
JF  - Physical review / B, Condensed matter and materials physics. 53 (1996), H. 3
Y1  - 1996
SN  - 1095-3795
SP  - 1531
EP  - 1538
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Darmo, J.
A1  - Schafer, F.
A1  - Kordos, P.
T1  - Thermal resistance of the semiconductor structures for a photomixing device. Darmo, J.; Schafer, F.; Forster, A.; Kordos, P.; Gusten, R
JF  - Conference proceedings : Smolenice Castle, Slovakia, October 14 - 16, 2002 / [organizers: Microelectronics Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava]. Ed. by Juraj Breza
Y1  - 2002
SN  - 0-7803-7276-X
N1  - International Conference on Advanced Semiconductor Devices and Microsystems ; (4, 2002, Smolenice). ASDAM '02 ; (4 : ; 2002.10.14-16 : ; Smolenice)
SP  - 87
EP  - 90
PB  - IEEE Operations Center
CY  - Piscataway, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Darmo, J.
A1  - Dubecký, F.
A1  - Kordos, P.
T1  - Annealing characteristics of native defects in low-temperature-grown MBE GaAs / J. Darmo ; F. Dubecky ; P. Kordos ; A. Förster
JF  - Semiconducting and insulating materials 1996 : proceedings of the 9th Conference on Semiconducting and Insulating Materials (SIMC '9), April 29 - May 3, 1996, Toulouse, France / [IEEE]
Y1  - 1996
SN  - 0-7803-3095-1
N1  - 2. ISBN: 0-7803-3179-6 ; Conference on Semiconducting and Insulating Materials <9, 1996, Toulouse> ; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ; IEEE Cat. No.96CH35881
SP  - 67
EP  - ff.
CY  - Piscataway, NJ [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Darmo, J.
A1  - Dubecký, F.
A1  - Kordos, P.
T1  - Deep-level states and electrical properties of GaAs grown at 250 °C / J. Darmo ; F. Dubecký ; P. Kordos ; A. Förster ...
JF  - Materials science and engineering B: Solid&#150; state materials for advanced technology. 28 (1994), H. 1-3
Y1  - 1994
SN  - 0921-5107
SP  - 393
EP  - 396
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Darmo, J.
A1  - Dubecky, F.
A1  - Kordos, P.
T1  - Annealing effect on concentration of EL6-like deep-level state in low-temperature-grown molecular beam epitaxial GaAs. Darmo, J.; Dubecky, F.; Kordos, P.; Förster, A.
JF  - Applied Physics Letters. 72 (1998), H. 5
Y1  - 1998
SN  - 1077-3118
SP  - 590
EP  - 592
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Cambel, V.
A1  - Kicin, S.
A1  - Kuliffayová, M.
T1  - Preparation of patterned GaAs structures for MEMS and MOEMS. Cambel, V.; Kicin, S.; Kuliffayová, M.; Kovácová, E.; Novák, J.; Kostic, I.; Förster, A.
JF  - Materials Science and Engineering: C. 19 (2002), H. 2
Y1  - 2002
SN  - 0928-4931
SP  - 161
EP  - 165
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Brugger, H.
A1  - Meiners, U.
A1  - Diniz, R.
T1  - Hydrostatic pressure sensors based on solid state tunneling devices / H. Brugger; U. Meiners ; R. Diniz ... A. Förster ...
JF  - Solid state electronics. 37 (1994), H. 4-6
Y1  - 1994
SN  - 0038-1101
SP  - 801
EP  - 804
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Brugger, H.
A1  - Meiners, U.
T1  - High quality GaAs-based resonant tunneling diodes for high frequency device applications / H. Brugger ; U. Meiners ; C. Wölk ... A. Förster ...
JF  - Proceedings : August 5 - 7, 1991, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York / R. J. Trew, General Chairman
Y1  - 1991
SN  - 0-7803-0491-8
N1  - Cornell Conference on Advanced Concepts in High Speed Semiconductor Devices and Circuits <1991, Ithaca, NY>
SP  - 39
EP  - ff.
PB  - Inst. of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
CY  - Piscataway, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Betko, J.
A1  - Morvic, M.
A1  - Novak, J.
T1  - Magnetoresistance in low-temperature grown molecular-beam epitaxial GaAs. Betko, J.; Morvic, M.; Novak, J.; Förster, A.; Kordos, P.
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics. 86 (1999), H. 11
Y1  - 1999
SN  - 1089-7550
SP  - 6243
EP  - 6248
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Betko, J.
A1  - Morvic, M.
A1  - Novak, J.
T1  - Hall mobility analysis in low-temperature-grown molecular-beam epitaxial GaAs / J. Betko , M. Morvic ; J. Novák ... A. Förster ...
JF  - Applied physics letters. 69 (1996), H. 17
Y1  - 1996
SN  - 0003-6951
N1  - ISSN der E-Ausg.: 1077-3118
SP  - 2563
EP  - 2565
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Betko, J.
A1  - Kordos, P.
A1  - Kuklovsky, S.
T1  - Electrical properties of molecular beam epitaxial GaAs layers grown at low temperature / J. Betko ; P. Kordos ; S. Kuklovsky ; A. Förster ...
JF  - Materials science and engineering B: Solid&#150; state materials for advanced technology. 28 (1994), H. 1-3
Y1  - 1994
SN  - 0921-5107
SP  - 147
EP  - 150
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Bertuccio, G.
A1  - Pullia, A.
T1  - Pixel X-ray detectors in epitaxial gallium arsenide withhigh-energy resolution capabilities (Fano factor experimentaldetermination) /  G. Bertuccio ; A. Pullia ; J. Lauter ; A. Förster ...
JF  - IEEE transactions on nuclear science. 44 (1997), H. 1
Y1  - 1997
SN  - 0018-9499
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Belyaev, A. E.
A1  - Vitusevich, S.A.
A1  - Eaves, L.
T1  - Photoresponse spectra in p-i-n diodes containing quantum dots. Belyaev, A.E.; Vitusevich, S.A.; Eaves, L.; Main, P.C.; Henini, M.; Förster, A.; Reetz, W.; Danylyuk, S.V.
JF  - Nanotechnology. 13 (2002), H. 1
Y1  - 2002
SP  - 94
EP  - 96
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Appenzeller, J.
A1  - Schroer, C.
T1  - Electron interference in a T-shaped quantum transistor based on Schottky-gate technology / J. Appenzeller ; Ch. Schroer ; Th. Schäpers ... A. Förster ...
JF  - Physical review / B, Condensed matter and materials physics. 53 (1996), H. 15
Y1  - 1996
SN  - 1095-3795
SP  - 9959
EP  - 9963
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
A1  - Adam, R.
A1  - Mikulics, M.
A1  - Schelten, J.
T1  - Fabrication and subpicosecond optical response of low-temperature-grown GaAs freestanding photoconductive devices. Adam, R.; Mikulics, M.; Forster, A.; Schelten, J.; Siegel, M.; Kordos, P.; Zheng, X.; Wu, S.; Sobolewski, R.
JF  - Applied Physics Letters. 81 (2002), H. 18
Y1  - 2002
SN  - 1077-3118
SP  - 3485
EP  - 3487
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
T1  - Layer Deposition I
JF  - Fundamentals of nanoelectronics / Stefan Blügel ... (ed.). - (Lecture manuscripts of the ... Spring School of the Department of Solid State Research ; 34). - (Schriften des Forschungszentrums Jülich : Materie und Material ; 14 ; 34)
Y1  - 2003
SN  - 3-89336-319-X
SP  - C2.1
EP  - C2.13
PB  - Forschungszentrum, Zentralbibliothek
CY  - Jülich
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
T1  - Resonant tunneling diodes : the effect of structural properties on their performance
JF  - Festkörperprobleme = Advances in solid state physics. 33 (1994)
Y1  - 1994
SN  - 0065-3357
N1  - Review ; 2. ISSN: 0430-3393
SP  - 37
EP  - 62
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
T1  - Resonant tunneling diodes operating as modern quantum transport devices
JF  - Proceedings of the Tenth International Workshop on the Physics of Semiconductor Devices : (December 14 - 18, 1999) / ed.: Vikram Kumar ... - Vol. 2
Y1  - 2000
SN  - 81-7023-998-2
N1  - International Workshop on the Physics of Semiconductor Devices <10, 1999, Delhi>
SP  - 966
EP  - 966
PB  - Allied Publ.
CY  - New Delhi [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Förster, Arnold
T1  - Ultrahigh frequency measurements of magnetic penetration length and surface impedance of YBa2Cu3O7–x microstriplines on Si and GaAs substrates . Rüders, F; Hollricher, O.;  Copetti, C. A. ; Förster,  A. ; Buchal, Ch. ; Prusseit, W.  ; Kinder, H.
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics. 77 (1995), H. 10
Y1  - 1995
SN  - 1089-7550
SP  - 5282
EP  - 5286
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Furuichi, K.
A1  - Yoshinobu, T.
A1  - Ermelenko, T.
A1  - Mourzina, Y.
A1  - Iwasaki, H.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Simultaneous visualization of multiple ions by the chemical imaging sensor
JF  - Proceedings of the 5th East Asian Conference on Chemical Sensors; the 33rd Chemical Sensor Symposium : December 4 - 7, 2001, Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo-shi, Nagasaki, Japan / Japan Association of Chemical Sensors; the Electrochemical Society of Japan
Y1  - 2001
N1  - Chemical sensors; 17.2001 Suppl. B; East Asian Conference on Chemical Sensors ; (5, 2001; Nagasaki)
SP  - 399
EP  - 401
PB  - Japan Association of Chemical Sensors
CY  - Kasuga, Fukuoka-ken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Rönna, Uwe
A1  - Robinson, A. E.
T1  - Development and testing of a 10 kW diffusive micromix combustor for hydrogen-fuelled μ-scale gas turbines
JF  - Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea and Air ; GT2008 ; June 9-13, 2008, Berlin, Germany
Y1  - 2008
N1  - GT2008-50418
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - ASME
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Robinson, A. E.
A1  - Hendrick, P.
A1  - Wagemakers, R.
T1  - Design and Testing of a Micromix Combustor With Recuperative Wall Cooling for a Hydrogen Fuelled µ-Scale Gas Turbine
JF  - Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2010 : presented at the 2010 ASME Turbo Expo, June 14 - 18, 2010, Glasgow, UK / sponsored by the International Gas Turbine Institute / Vol. 5: Industrial and cogeneration ; microturbines and small turbomachinery ; oil and gas applications ; wind turbine technology
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 978-0-7918-4400-7
N1  - GT2010-23453 ; ASME Turbo Expo ; (Glasgow) : 2010.06.14-18
SP  - 587
EP  - 596
PB  - ASME
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Robinson, A. E.
T1  - Development of a new test rig for a micro scale hydrogen combustion chamber
JF  - Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference for Aero-Space Sciences : July 1 - 6, 2007, Brussels, Belgium
Y1  - 2007
N1  - European Conference for Aerospace Sciences <2, 2007, Brüssel> ; EUCASS <2, 2007, Brüssel> ; Paper No. 22
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - -
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Recker, E.
A1  - Bosschaerts, W.
A1  - Boonen, Q.
A1  - Börner, Sebastian
T1  - Parametrical study of the „Micromix“ hydrogen combustion principle
JF  - 10th International Symposium on Experimental and Computational Aerothermodynamics of Internal Flows, ISAIF10-049, Brussels, Belgium, 4-7 July 2011
Y1  - 2011
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Keinz, Jan
A1  - Kusterer, Karsten
A1  - Ayed, Anis Haj
A1  - Kazari, Masahide
A1  - Kitajima, Junichi
A1  - Horikawa, Atsushi
A1  - Okada, Kunio
T1  - Experimental and Numerical Study on Optimizing the Dry Low NOₓ Micromix Hydrogen Combustion Principle for Industrial Gas Turbine Applications
JF  - Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications
N2  - Combined with the use of renewable energy sources for its production, hydrogen represents a possible alternative gas turbine fuel for future low-emission power generation. Due to the difference in the physical properties of hydrogen compared to other fuels such as natural gas, well-established gas turbine combustion systems cannot be directly applied to dry low NOₓ (DLN) hydrogen combustion. The DLN micromix combustion of hydrogen has been under development for many years, since it has the promise to significantly reduce NOₓ emissions. This combustion principle for air-breathing engines is based on crossflow mixing of air and gaseous hydrogen. Air and hydrogen react in multiple miniaturized diffusion-type flames with an inherent safety against flashback and with low NOₓ emissions due to a very short residence time of the reactants in the flame region. The paper presents an advanced DLN micromix hydrogen application. The experimental and numerical study shows a combustor configuration with a significantly reduced number of enlarged fuel injectors with high-thermal power output at constant energy density. Larger fuel injectors reduce manufacturing costs, are more robust and less sensitive to fuel contamination and blockage in industrial environments. The experimental and numerical results confirm the successful application of high-energy injectors, while the DLN micromix characteristics of the design point, under part-load conditions, and under off-design operation are maintained. Atmospheric test rig data on NOₓ emissions, optical flame-structure, and combustor material temperatures are compared to numerical simulations and show good agreement. The impact of the applied scaling and design laws on the miniaturized micromix flamelets is particularly investigated numerically for the resulting flow field, the flame-structure, and NOₓ formation.
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4034849
SN  - 1948-5093
N1  - TSEA-15-1227
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SP  - 021001
EP  - 021001-10
PB  - ASME
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Keinz, Jan
A1  - Kusterer, K.
A1  - Haj Ayed, A.
A1  - Kazari, M.
A1  - Kitajima, J.
A1  - Horikawa, A.
A1  - Okada, K.
T1  - Development and Testing of a Low NOX Micromix Combustion Chamber for an Industrial Gas Turbine
JF  - International Journal of Gas Turbine, Propulsion and Power Systems
N2  - The Micromix combustion principle, based on cross-flow mixing of air and hydrogen, promises low emission applications in future gas turbines. The Micromix combustion takes place in several hundreds of miniaturized diffusion-type micro-flames. The major advantage is the inherent safety against flash-back and low NOx-emissions due to a very short residence time of reactants in the flame region. The paper gives insight into the Micromix design and scaling procedure for different energy densities and the interaction of scaling laws and key design drivers in gas turbine integration. Numerical studies, experimental testing, gas turbine integration and interface considerations are evaluated. The aerodynamic stabilization of the miniaturized flamelets and the resulting flow field, flame structure and NOx formation are analysed experimentally and numerically. The results show and confirm the successful adaption of the low NOx Micromix characteristics for a range of different nozzle sizes, energy densities and thermal power output.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.38036/jgpp.9.1_27
SN  - 1882-5079
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
SP  - 27
EP  - 36
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Esch, Thomas
A1  - Roosen, Petra
T1  - Antriebssystemanpassungen zur Verwendung von LPG als Flugkraftstoff
JF  - Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ)
N2  - Auch in der allgemeinen Luftfahrt wäre es wünschenswert, die bereits vorhandenen Verbrennungsmotoren mit weniger CO₂-trächtigen Kraftstoffen als dem heute weit verbreiteten Avgas 100LL betreiben zu können. Es ist anzunehmen, dass im Vergleich die unter Normalbedingungen gasförmigen Kraftstoffe CNG, LPG oder LNG deutlich weniger Emissionen produzieren. Erforderliche Antriebssystemanpassungen wurden im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts an der FH Aachen untersucht.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s35146-021-0778-2
VL  - 2022
IS  - 83
SP  - 58
EP  - 62
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Esch, Thomas
A1  - Roosen, Petra
T1  - Powertrain Adaptions for LPG Usage in General Aviation
JF  - MTZ worldwide
N2  - In general aviation, too, it is desirable to be able to operate existing internal combustion engines with fuels that produce less CO₂ than Avgas 100LL being widely used today It can be assumed that, in comparison, the fuels CNG, LPG or LNG, which are gaseous under normal conditions, produce significantly lower emissions. Necessary propulsion system adaptations were investigated as part of a research project at Aachen University of Applied Sciences.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s38313-021-0756-6
VL  - 2022
IS  - 83
SP  - 58
EP  - 62
PB  - Springer Nature
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Dickhoff, J.
A1  - Keinz, Jan
A1  - Anis, H. A.
A1  - Parente, A.
A1  - Hendrick, P.
T1  - Experimental and numerical study of the micromix combustion principle applied for hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas as fuel with increased energy density for industrial gas turbine applications
JF  - Energy procedia
N2  - The Dry Low NOx (DLN) Micromix combustion principle with increased energy density is adapted for the industrial gas turbine APU GTCP 36-300 using hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas with a composition of 90%-Vol. hydrogen (H₂) and 10%-Vol. carbon-monoxide (CO). Experimental and numerical studies of several combustor geometries for hydrogen and syngas show the successful advance of the DLN Micromix combustion from pure hydrogen to hydrogen-rich syngas. The impact of the different fuel properties on the combustion principle and aerodynamic flame stabilization design laws, flow field, flame structure and emission characteristics is investigated by numerical analysis using a hybrid Eddy Break Up combustion model and validated against experimental results.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.201
SN  - 1876-6102 (E-Journal)
IS  - 61
SP  - 1736
EP  - 1739
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Börner, Sebastian
A1  - Robinson, A.
A1  - Hendrick, P.
A1  - Recker, E.
T1  - Low NOx H2 combustion for industrial gas turbines of various power ranges
JF  - 5th International Gas Turbine Conference ETN-IGTC, ETN-2010-42, Brussels, Belgium, October 2010
Y1  - 2010
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Börner, Sebastian
A1  - Krebs, W.
A1  - Wolf, E.
T1  - Experimental Characterization of Low NOx Micromix Prototype Combustors for Industrial Gas Turbine Applications
JF  - ASME Turbo Expo 2011 ; Vancouver, Canada, June 6-10, 2011
Y1  - 2011
N1  - GT2011-45305
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Börner, Sebastian
A1  - Falk, F.
A1  - Hendrick, P.
T1  - Control system modifications and their effects on the operation of a hydrogen-fueled Auxiliary Power Unit
JF  - XX international symposium on air breathing engines 2011 : ISABE 2011, Gothenburg, Sweden, 12-16 September, 2011. Vol. 2.
Y1  - 2011
SN  - 9781618391803
N1  - 20th International Symposium on Air Breathing Engines 2011 : (ISABE 2011) : Gothenburg, Sweden, 12-16 September, 2011.
SP  - 929
EP  - 938
PB  - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
CY  - Reston, VA
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Beckmann, Nils
A1  - Keinz, Jan
A1  - Abanteriba, Sylvester
T1  - Numerical and Experimental Evaluation of a Dual-Fuel Dry-Low-NOx Micromix Combustor for Industrial Gas Turbine Applications
JF  - Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4041495
SN  - 19485085
N1  - Paper No: GT2017-64795
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
SP  - 011015
PB  - ASME
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Beckmann, Nils
A1  - Keinz, Jan
A1  - Abanteriba, Sylvester
T1  - Comparison of Numerical Combustion Models for Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Applied for Dry-Low-Nox-Micromix-Combustion
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
N2  - The Dry-Low-NOx (DLN) Micromix combustion technology has been developed as low emission combustion principle for industrial gas turbines fueled with hydrogen or syngas. The combustion process is based on the phenomenon of jet-in-crossflow-mixing (JICF). Fuel is injected perpendicular into the air-cross-flow and burned in a multitude of miniaturized, diffusion-like flames. The miniaturization of the flames leads to a significant reduction of NOx emissions due to the very short residence time of reactants in the flame. In the Micromix research approach, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses are validated toward experimental results. The combination of numerical and experimental methods allows an efficient design and optimization of DLN Micromix combustors concerning combustion stability and low NOx emissions. The paper presents a comparison of several numerical combustion models for hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas. They differ in the complexity of the underlying reaction mechanism and the associated computational effort. The performance of a hybrid eddy-break-up (EBU) model with a one-step global reaction is compared to a complex chemistry model and a flamelet generated manifolds (FGM) model, both using detailed reaction schemes for hydrogen or syngas combustion. Validation of numerical results is based on exhaust gas compositions available from experimental investigation on DLN Micromix combustors. The conducted evaluation confirms that the applied detailed combustion mechanisms are able to predict the general physics of the DLN-Micromix combustion process accurately. The FGM method proved to be generally suitable to reduce the computational effort while maintaining the accuracy of detailed chemistry.
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4038882
SN  - 0742-4795
N1  - Article number 081504;
Paper No: GTP-17-1567
VL  - 140
IS  - 8
PB  - ASME
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Beckmann, Nils
A1  - Keinz, Jan
A1  - Abanteriba, Sylvester
T1  - Comparison of Numerical Combustion Models for Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Applied for Dry-Low-NOx-Micromix-Combustion
JF  - ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition Volume 4A: Combustion, Fuels and Emissions Seoul, South Korea, June 13–17, 2016
N2  - The Dry-Low-NOₓ (DLN) Micromix combustion technology has been developed as low emission combustion principle for industrial gas turbines fueled with hydrogen or syngas. The combustion process is based on the phenomenon of jet-in-crossflow-mixing. Fuel is injected perpendicular into the air-cross-flow and burned in a multitude of miniaturized, diffusion-like flames. The miniaturization of the flames leads to a significant reduction of NOₓ emissions due to the very short residence time of reactants in the flame.

In the Micromix research approach, CFD analyses are validated towards experimental results. The combination of numerical and experimental methods allows an efficient design and optimization of DLN Micromix combustors concerning combustion stability and low NOₓ emissions.

The paper presents a comparison of several numerical combustion models for hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas. They differ in the complexity of the underlying reaction mechanism and the associated computational effort.

For pure hydrogen combustion a one-step global reaction is applied using a hybrid Eddy-Break-up model that incorporates finite rate kinetics. The model is evaluated and compared to a detailed hydrogen combustion mechanism derived by Li et al. including 9 species and 19 reversible elementary reactions. Based on this mechanism, reduction of the computational effort is achieved by applying the Flamelet Generated Manifolds (FGM) method while the accuracy of the detailed reaction scheme is maintained.

For hydrogen-rich syngas combustion (H₂-CO) numerical analyses based on a skeletal H₂/CO reaction mechanism derived by Hawkes et al. and a detailed reaction mechanism provided by Ranzi et al. are performed.

The comparison between combustion models and the validation of numerical results is based on exhaust gas compositions available from experimental investigation on DLN Micromix combustors.

The conducted evaluation confirms that the applied detailed combustion mechanisms are able to predict the general physics of the DLN-Micromix combustion process accurately. The Flamelet Generated Manifolds method proved to be generally suitable to reduce the computational effort while maintaining the accuracy of detailed chemistry.

Especially for reaction mechanisms with a high number of species accuracy and computational effort can be balanced using the FGM model.
Y1  - 2016
SN  - 978-0-7918-4975-0
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2016-56430
PB  - ASME
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Funke, Harald
A1  - Beckmann, Nils
A1  - Abanteriba, Sylvester
T1  - An overview on dry low NOx micromix combustor development for hydrogen-rich gas turbine applications
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.161
SN  - 0360-3199
VL  - 44
IS  - 13
SP  - 6978
EP  - 6990
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -