TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schirra, Julian
A1  - Bauschat, J.-Michael
A1  - Watmuff, J.H.
T1  - Accurate induced drag prediction for highly non-planar lifting systems
T2  - 19th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference : 8.-11. Dezember 2014, Melbourne, Australia
N2  - The impact of wake model effects is investigated for two highly
non-planar lifting systems. Dependent on the geometrical
arrangement of the configuration, the wake model shape is found
to considerably affect the estimation. Particularly at higher angles
of attack, an accurate estimation based on the common linear wake
model approaches is involved.
Y1  - 2014
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schirra, Julian
A1  - Bissonnette, William
A1  - Bramesfeld, Götz
T1  - Wake-model effects on induced drag prediction of staggered boxwings
JF  - Aerospace
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace5010014
SN  - 2226-4310
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schirra, Julian
A1  - J., Watmuff
T1  - Euler-based induced drag estimation for highly non-planar lifting systems during conceptional design
T2  - 62. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2013 : 10. - 12. September 2032, Stuttgart, Haus der Wirtschaft
Y1  - 2013
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Dt. Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt
CY  - Bonn
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schirra, Julian
A1  - Watmuff, Jon
A1  - Bauschat, J.-Michael
T1  - A relative assessment of existing potential-methodologies to accurately estimate the induced drag of highly non-planar lifting systems
T2  - Advanced aero concepts, design and operations : Applied Aerodynamics Conference  : July 22 -24, 2014, Bristol, UK
Y1  - 2014
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schirra, Julian
A1  - Watmuff, Jonathan
A1  - Bauschat, J.-Michael
T1  - Highly non-planar lifting systems: a relative assessment of existing potential-methodologies to accurately estimate the induced drag
JF  - 32nd  AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference 2014 : June, 16-20 2014, Atlanta, Ga.
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 978-1-62410-288-2
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-2988
SP  - Publ. online
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schleupen, Josef
A1  - Engemann, Heiko
A1  - Bagheri, Mohsen
A1  - Kallweit, Stephan
T1  - The potential of SMART climbing robot combined with a weatherproof cabin for rotor blade maintenance
T2  - 17th European Conference on Composite Materials – ECCM, Munich, Germany
Y1  - 2016
N1  - ECCM 17
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
T1  - Mechatronik im Automobil II : aktuelle Trends in der Systementwicklung für Automobile / Günter Schmitz (Hrsg.)
Y1  - 2003
SN  - 3-8169-2139-6
PB  - Expert-Verl
CY  - Renningen
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
T1  - TransMechatronik : Entwicklung und Transfer von Entwicklungssystemen der Mechatronik / Demel, Werner ... (Hrsg.)
Y1  - 1999
N1  - Tagunsband zum 3. Krefelder Workshop TransMechatronik, 24. August 1999, Fachhochschule Niederrhein
PB  - Heinz-Nixdorf-Institut
CY  - Paderborn
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
T1  - Mechatronic Systems Simulation as an obligatory module for Mechatronic Master Students
JF  - Mechatronics & Robotics 2004 : Aachen, Germany, September 13 - 15, 2004 / [IEEE Industrial Electronics Society ...] P. Drews (ed.)
Y1  - 2004
SN  - 3-938153-50-X
SP  - 1278
PB  - Eysoldt
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
T1  - Mechatronik im Automobil I: aktuelle Trends in der Systementwicklung für Automobile / Günter Schmitz (Hrsg.)
Y1  - 2000
SN  - 3-8169-1839-5
PB  - Expert-Verl.
CY  - Renningen
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
T1  - Nichtreziproke optische Bauelemente mit künstlich anisotropen Filmwellenleitern
Y1  - 1985
N1  - Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 1985
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
T1  - Elektronik im Kraftfahrzeug : Innovationen bei System und Komponenten ; mit 7 Tabellen / Hrsg.: Schmitz, Günter
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 978-3-8169-3110-2
N1  - Haus der Technik ; Bd. 123
PB  - expert-Verl.
CY  - Renningen
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
T1  - Elektrotechnik : Grundlagen der Elektrotechnik für Ingenieur-Studenten
Y1  - 2011
SN  - 978-87-7681-786-2
N1  - nach Registrierung frei zugänglich
PB  - Ventus Publ.
CY  - Frederiksberg
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
T1  - Elektronik : Grundlagen der Elektronik für Ingenieurstudenten
Y1  - 2011
SN  - 978-87-7681-832-6
N1  - nach Registrierung frei zugänglich
PB  - Ventus Publ.
CY  - Frederiksberg
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
T1  - Elektrotechnik für Ingenieurstudenten nichtelektrotechnischer Fachrichtungen. Hauptbd.: Gleichspannungstechnik, Wechselspannungstechnik, Elektrische Maschinen
Y1  - 2013
SN  - 978-1-481830-60-7
PB  - Schmitz
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
T1  - Elektrotechnik für Ingenieurstudenten nichtelektrotechnischer Fachrichtungen. Aufgabensammlung, [Übungs- und Klausuraufgaben]
Y1  - 2013
SN  - 978-1-482721-47-8
PB  - Schmitz
CY  - Aachen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Altherr, M.
A1  - Hofmann, O.
A1  - Pischinger, M. (u.a.)
T1  - Anwendung moderner Simulationstools für die Entwicklung eines elektromagnetischen Ventilaktuators
JF  - TransMechatronik : Entwicklung und Transfer von Entwicklungssystemen der Mechatronik / Aachener Workshop TransMechatronik 26. Mai 1998, Technologiezentrum am Europaplatz
Y1  - 1998
SN  - 3-931466-37-X
SP  - 55
EP  - 74
PB  - Heinz-Nixdorf-Inst, Univ.-GH Paderborn
CY  - Paderborn
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Bartz, R.
A1  - Böhnke, P.
T1  - Neue Methoden zur Erkennung des ottomotorischen Klopfens
JF  - Motortechnische Zeitschrift : MTZ. 53 (1992), H. 6
Y1  - 1992
SN  - 0024-8525
SP  - 286
EP  - 293
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Bartz, R.
A1  - Hansen, W.
T1  - Flexibles elektronisches Verbrennungsmotoren-Indiziersystem (FEVIS)
JF  - Vorträge und Kurzreferate : 13. und 14. November 1990, Congress Centrum, Magdeburg / Technische Universität "Otto von Guericke" Magdeburg, Fakultät für Thermischen Maschinenbau, Institut für Maschinenmeßtechnik, Kolbenmaschinen und Instandhaltung
Y1  - 1991
N1  - ergänzter Nachdr., als Ms. gedr.
SP  - 485
EP  - 491
CY  - Magdeburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Bartz, R.
A1  - Hilger, U.
A1  - Siedentop, M.
T1  - Intelligent Alcohol Fuel Sensor
Y1  - 1990
N1  - SAE- Paper-No.: 900231, SAE International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Feb. 26 - March 2, 1990
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Damann, H.
A1  - Schmit, H. J.
T1  - Design and Analysis of a Waveguide Isolator with a Form-Birefringent Top Layer
JF  - ECOC '84 : Conference proceedings ; 10th European Conference on Optical Communication, September 3 - 6, 1984 Liederhalle Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany / Organized by Nachrichtentechn. Ges. im VDE (NTG).
Y1  - 1984
SN  - 3-8007-1383-7
SP  - 42
PB  - VDE-Verl.
CY  - Berlin [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Oligschläger, U.
A1  - Eifler, G.
A1  - Lechner, H.
T1  - Automated System for Optimized Calibration of Engine Management Systems
Y1  - 1994
N1  - SAE International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, Feb. 28 - March 3 ; SAE- Paper-No.: 940151 ; <a href=
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Pischinger, M.
T1  - Mechatronische Simulation eines EMV- Aktuators
JF  - TransMechatronik : Entwicklung und Transfer von Entwicklungssystemen der Mechatronik / Paderborner Workshop TransMechatronik, 24. Juni 1997, Heinz-Nixdorf-MuseumsForum. [Hrsg. Jürgen Gausemeier]
Y1  - 1997
SN  - 3-931466-22-1
N1  - HNI-Verlagsschriftenreihe ; 23
SP  - 69
EP  - 83
PB  - Heinz-Nixdorf-Inst., Univ.-GH Paderborn
CY  - Paderborn
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Roetert, J.
A1  - Pischinger, M.
T1  - A Fast Intelligent VMEbus System for Combustion Analysis in Engines
JF  - 19th [nineteenth] International Symposium on Automotive Technology & [and] Automation : with particular reference to cell control and quality management systems for the manufacturing industries; Monte Carlo, 24. - 28. October 1988.
Y1  - 1988
SN  - 0947719229
SP  - 381
EP  - 391
PB  - Automotive Automation Ltd
CY  - Croydon
ER  - 
TY  - PAT
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Schebitz, Michael
A1  - Esch, Thomas
T1  - Aus der Ruhelage selbstanziehender elektromagnetischer Aktuator
N2  - Elektromagnetischer Aktuator zur Betätigung eines Stellgliedes (2), mit wenigstens einem Elektromagneten (4) und einem mit dem Stellglied (2) verbundenen Anker (3), der gegen die Kraft einer Rückstellfeder (6) aus seiner Ruhelage in Richtung auf den Elektromagneten (4) bewegbar ist, mit einer Rückstellfeder (6), die eine nicht lineare, bezogen auf die Ruhelage des Ankers (3) progressiv ansteigende Kennlinie aufweist.
Y1  - 1997
N1  - Patent DE000019529152B4 2005.12.29
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Schmitt, H. J.
T1  - Anisotrope Filmwellenleiter für nichtreziproke optische Bauelemente
JF  - URSI: Kleinheubacher Tagung am 3.10.83 / Hrsg.: Deutsche Telekom AG
Y1  - 1984
SN  - 0343-5725
SP  - 51
CY  - Darmstadt
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Schmitt, H.J.
A1  - Dammann, H.
T1  - Weakly Guiding Semileaky Isolator with a Form-Birefringent Top Layer
JF  - Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics ; (5, 1985, Baltimore, Md.) ; Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO '85) ; (1985.05.21-24 ; Baltimore, Md.)
Y1  - 1985
SP  - 260
PB  - Optical Society of America
CY  - Washington, DC
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Spicher, U.
A1  - Kollmeier, H.P.
T1  - Application of a New Optical-Fiber Technique for Flame Propagation Diagnostics in IC Engines
Y1  - 1988
N1  - SAE- Paper-No.: 881637, 1988 SAE International Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition, Portland, October 10-13, 1988
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmitz, Günter
A1  - Vom Hemdt, A.
A1  - Breitschuh, S.
A1  - Graber, S.
T1  - Virtuelle Praktika für die Ingenieurausbildung
JF  - NetWorlds : Leben und Arbeiten in vernetzten Welten ; VDE-Kongress 2002, 21. bis 23. Oktober 2002 in Dresden / Gesamtleitung: J. Eberspächer
Y1  - 2002
SN  - 3-8007-2723-4
SP  - 69
EP  - 74
PB  - VDE-Verl.
CY  - Berlin [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Schmülling, Max
A1  - Gützlaff, Joel
A1  - Czupalla, Markus
T1  - A thermal simulation environment for moving objects on the lunar surface
N2  - This paper presents a thermal simulation environment for moving objects on the lunar surface. The goal of the thermal simulation environment is to enable the reliable prediction of the temperature development of a given object on the lunar surface by providing the respective heat fluxes for a mission on a given travel path. The user can import any object geometry and freely define the path that the object should travel. Using the path of the object, the relevant lunar surface geometry is imported from a digital elevation model. The relevant parts of the lunar surface are determined based on distance to the defined path. A thermal model of these surface sections is generated, consisting of a porous layer on top and a denser layer below. The object is moved across the lunar surface, and its inclination is adapted depending on the slope of the terrain below it. Finally, a transient thermal analysis of the object and its environment is performed at several positions on its path and the results are visualized. The paper introduces details on the thermal modeling of the lunar surface, as well as its verification. Furthermore, the structure of the created software is presented. The robustness of the environment is verified with the help of sensitivity studies and possible improvements are presented.
KW  - Dynamic modeling
KW  - Thermal analysis
KW  - ESATAN-TMS
KW  - Lunar Surface
KW  - Thermal Model
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3902363/v1
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scholz, A.
A1  - Ley, Wilfried
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Miau, J. J.
A1  - Juang, J. C.
T1  - Flight results of the COMPASS-1 picosatellite mission
JF  - Acta Astronautica. 67 (2010), H. 9-10
Y1  - 2010
SN  - 0094-5765
SP  - 1289
EP  - 1298
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scholz, Christina
A1  - Romagnoli, Daniele
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Theil, Stephan
T1  - Performance analysis of an attitude control system for solar sails using sliding masses
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011
SN  - 0273-1177
VL  - 48
IS  - 11
SP  - 1822
EP  - 1835
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schopen, Oliver
A1  - Kemper, Hans
A1  - Esch, Thomas
T1  - Development of a comparison methodology and evaluation matrix for electrically driven compressors in ICE and FC
T2  - Proceedings of the 1st UNITED – Southeast Asia Automotive Interest Group (SAIG) International Conference
N2  - In addition to electromobility and alternative drive systems, a focus is set on electrically driven compressors (EDC), with a high potential for increasing the efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICE) and fuel cells [01]. The primary objective is to increase the ICE torque, provided independently of the ICE speed by compressing the intake air and consequently the ICE filling level supported by the compressor. For operation independent from the ICE speed, the EDC compressor is decoupled from the turbine by using an electric compressor motor (CM) instead of the turbine. ICE performances can be increased by the use of EDC where individual compressor parameters are adapted to the respective application area [02] [03]. This task contains great challenges, increased by demands with regard to pollutant reduction while maintaining constant performance and reduced fuel consumption. The FH-Aachen is equipped with an EDC test bench which enables EDC-investigations in various configurations and operating modes. Characteristic properties of different compressors can be determined, which build the basis for a comparison methodology. Subject of this project is the development of a comparison methodology for EDC with an associated evaluation method and a defined overall evaluation method. For the application of this comparison methodology, corresponding series of measurements are carried out on the EDC test bench using an appropriate test device.
KW  - electro mobility
KW  - fuel cell
KW  - internal combustion engine
KW  - electrically driven compressors
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 978-3-902103-94-9
N1  - 1st UNITED-SAIG International Conference, 21-22 APR 2021, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
SP  - 45
EP  - 46
PB  - FH Joanneum
CY  - Graz
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schopen, Oliver
A1  - Narayan, Sriram
A1  - Beckmann, Marvin
A1  - Najmi, Aezid-Ul-Hassan
A1  - Esch, Thomas
A1  - Shabani, Bahman
T1  - An EIS approach to quantify the effects of inlet air relative humidity on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: a pathway to developing a novel fault diagnostic method
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
N2  - In this work, the effect of low air relative humidity on the operation of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is investigated. An innovative method through performing in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is utilised to quantify the effect of inlet air relative humidity at the cathode side on internal ionic resistances and output voltage of the fuel cell. In addition, algorithms are developed to analyse the electrochemical characteristics of the fuel cell. For the specific fuel cell stack used in this study, the membrane resistance drops by over 39 % and the cathode side charge transfer resistance decreases by 23 % after increasing the humidity from 30 % to 85 %, while the results of static operation also show an increase of ∼2.2 % in the voltage output after increasing the relative humidity from 30 % to 85 %. In dynamic operation, visible drying effects occur at < 50 % relative humidity, whereby the increase of the air side stoichiometry increases the drying effects. Furthermore, other parameters, such as hydrogen humidification, internal stack structure, and operating parameters like stoichiometry, pressure, and temperature affect the overall water balance. Therefore, the optimal humidification range must be determined by considering all these parameters to maximise the fuel cell performance and durability. The results of this study are used to develop a health management system to ensure sufficient humidification by continuously monitoring the fuel cell polarisation data and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicators.
KW  - PEM fuel cell
KW  - Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
KW  - Relative air humidity
KW  - Active humidity control
KW  - Impedance analysis
Y1  - 2024
SN  - 0360-3199 (print)
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.01.218
SN  - 1879-3487 (online)
VL  - 58
IS  - 8
SP  - 1302
EP  - 1315
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schopen, Oliver
A1  - Shabani, Bahman
A1  - Esch, Thomas
A1  - Kemper, Hans
A1  - Shah, Neel
ED  - Rahim, S.A.
ED  - As'arry, A.
ED  - Zuhri, M.Y.M.
ED  - Harmin, M.Y.
ED  - Rezali, K.A.M.
ED  - Hairuddin, A.A.
T1  - Quantitative evaluation of health management designs for fuel cell systems in transport vehicles
T2  - 2nd UNITED-SAIG International Conference Proceedings
N2  - Focusing on transport vehicles, mainly with regard to aviation applications, this paper presents compilation and subsequent quantitative evaluation of methods aimed at building an optimum integrated health management solution for fuel cell systems. The methods are divided into two different main types and compiled in a related scheme. Furthermore, different methods are analysed and evaluated based on parameters specific to the aviation context of this study. Finally, the most suitable method for use in fuel cell health management systems is identified and its performance and suitability is quantified.
KW  - aviation application
KW  - health management systems
KW  - fuel cell systems
Y1  - 2022
N1  - 2nd UNITED-SAIG International Conference, 23-24 May 2022, Putrajaya, Malaysia
SP  - 1
EP  - 3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schopen, Oliver
A1  - Shah, Neel
A1  - Esch, Thomas
A1  - Shabani, Bahman
T1  - Critical quantitative evaluation of integrated health management methods for fuel cell applications
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
N2  - Online fault diagnostics is a crucial consideration for fuel cell systems, particularly in mobile applications, to limit downtime and degradation, and to increase lifetime. Guided by a critical literature review, in this paper an overview of Health management systems classified in a scheme is presented, introducing commonly utilised methods to diagnose FCs in various applications. In this novel scheme, various Health management system methods are summarised and structured to provide an overview of existing systems including their associated tools. These systems are classified into four categories mainly focused on model-based and non-model-based systems. The individual methods are critically discussed when used individually or combined aimed at further understanding their functionality and suitability in different applications. Additionally, a tool is introduced to evaluate methods from each category based on the scheme presented. This tool applies the technique of matrix evaluation utilising several key parameters to identify the most appropriate methods for a given application. Based on this evaluation, the most suitable methods for each specific application are combined to build an integrated Health management system.
KW  - Fuel cell
KW  - Health management system
KW  - Online diagnostic
KW  - Fault detection
KW  - Non-model-based Evaluation
Y1  - 2024
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.05.156
SN  - 0360-3199
VL  - 70
SP  - 370
EP  - 388
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schoutetens, Frederic
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Heiligers, Jeannette
T1  - Optimisation of photon-sail trajectories in the alpha-centauri system using evolutionary neurocontrol
T2  - 8th ICATT 2021
N2  - With the increased interest for interstellar exploration after the discovery of exoplanets and the proposal by Breakthrough Starshot, this paper investigates the optimisation of photon-sail trajectories in Alpha Centauri. The prime objective is to find the optimal steering strategy for a photonic sail to get captured around one of the stars after a minimum-time transfer from Earth. By extending the idea of the Breakthrough Starshot project with a deceleration phase upon arrival, the mission’s scientific yield will be increased. As a secondary objective, transfer trajectories between the stars and orbit-raising manoeuvres to explore the habitable zones of the stars are investigated. All trajectories are optimised for minimum time of flight using the trajectory optimisation software InTrance. Depending on the sail technology, interstellar travel times of 77.6-18,790 years can be achieved, which presents an average improvement of 30% with respect to previous work. Still, significant technological development is required to reach and be captured in the Alpha-Centauri system in less than a century. Therefore, a fly-through mission arguably remains the only option for a first exploratory mission to Alpha Centauri, but the enticing results obtained in this work provide perspective for future long-residence missions to our closest neighbouring star system.
Y1  - 2021
N1  - 8th ICATT (International Conference on Astrodynamics Tools and Techniques), 23 - 25 June 2021, Virtual
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schulze, Sven
A1  - Feyerl, Günter
A1  - Pischinger, Stefan
T1  - Advanced ECMS for hybrid electric heavy-duty trucks with predictive battery discharge and adaptive operating strategy under real driving conditions
JF  - Energies
N2  - To fulfil the CO2 emission reduction targets of the European Union (EU), heavy-duty (HD) trucks need to operate 15% more efficiently by 2025 and 30% by 2030. Their electrification is necessary as conventional HD trucks are already optimized for the long-haul application. The resulting hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) truck gains most of the fuel saving potential by the recuperation of potential energy and its consecutive utilization. The key to utilizing the full potential of HEV-HD trucks is to maximize the amount of recuperated energy and ensure its intelligent usage while keeping the operating point of the internal combustion engine as efficient as possible. To achieve this goal, an intelligent energy management strategy (EMS) based on ECMS is developed for a parallel HEV-HD truck which uses predictive discharge of the battery and adaptive operating strategy regarding the height profile and the vehicle mass. The presented EMS can reproduce the global optimal operating strategy over long phases and lead to a fuel saving potential of up to 2% compared with a heuristic strategy. Furthermore, the fuel saving potential is correlated with the investigated boundary conditions to deepen the understanding of the impact of intelligent EMS for HEV-HD trucks.
KW  - Energy management strategies
KW  - ECMS
KW  - CO2 emission reduction targets
KW  - Driving cycle recognition
KW  - Predictive battery discharge
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135171
SN  - 1996-1073
N1  - The article belongs to the Special Issue "Energy Management Strategies of Electrified Vehicles toward the Real-World Driving".
VL  - 16
IS  - 13
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Schulze, Sven
A1  - Mühleisen, M.
A1  - Feyerl, Günter
T1  - Adaptive energy management strategy for a heavy-duty truck with a P2-hybrid topology
T2  - 18. Internationales Stuttgarter Symposium. Proceedings
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21194-3
SP  - 75
EP  - 89
PB  - Springer Vieweg
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schückhaus, Ulrich
T1  - Die SkyCab-Erfinder im WFMG-Interview
JF  - Business in MG
Y1  - 2020
N1  - Interview von WFMG – Wirtschaftsförderung Mönchengladbach GmbH, vertreten durch Dr. Ulrich Schückhaus
IS  - 1
SP  - 6
EP  - 7
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schüller, K.
A1  - Kowalski, Julia
A1  - Raback, P.
T1  - Curvilinear melting – A preliminary experimental and numerical study
JF  - International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer
N2  - When exploring glacier ice it is often necessary to take samples or implement sensors at a certain depth underneath the glacier surface. One way of doing this is by using heated melting probes. In their common form these devices experience a straight one-dimensional downwards motion and can be modeled by standard close-contact melting theory. A recently developed melting probe however, the IceMole, achieves maneuverability by simultaneously applying a surface temperature gradient to induce a change in melting direction and controlling the effective contact-force by means of an ice screw to stabilize its change in attitude. A modeling framework for forced curvilinear melting does not exist so far and will be the content of this paper. At first, we will extend the existing theory for quasi-stationary close-contact melting to curved trajectories. We do this by introducing a rotational mode. This additional unknown in the system implies yet the need for another model closure. Within this new framework we will focus on the effect of a variable contact-force as well as different surface temperature profiles. In order to solve for melting velocity and curvature of the melting path we present both an inverse solution strategy for the analytical model, and a more general finite element framework implemented into the open source software package ELMER. Model results are discussed and compared to experimental data conducted in laboratory tests.
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.09.046
SN  - 0017-9310
IS  - 92
SP  - 884
EP  - 892
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Seboldt, Wolfgang
A1  - Blome, Hans-Joachim
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Richter, Lutz
T1  - Proposal for an integrated European space exploration strategy
T2  - 55th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law
N2  - Recently, in his vision for space exploration, US president Bush announced to extend human presence across the solar system, starting with a human return to the Moon as early as 2015 in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations. In Europe, an exploration program, termed AURORA, was established by ESA in 2001 – funded on a voluntary basis by ESA member states – with a clear focus on Mars and the ultimate goal of landing humans on Mars around 2030 in international cooperation. In 2003, a Human Spaceflight Vision Group was appointed by ESA with the task to develop a vision for the role of human spaceflight during the next quarter of the century. The resulting vision focused on a European-led lunar exploration initiative as part of a multi-decade, international effort to strengthen European identity and economy. After a review of the situation in Europe concerning space exploration, the paper outlines an approach for a consistent positioning of exploration within the existing European space programs, identifies destinations, and develops corresponding scenarios for an integrated strategy, starting with robotic missions to the Moon, Mars, and near-Earth asteroids. The interests of the European planetary in-situ science community, which recently met at DLR Cologne, are considered. Potential robotic lunar missions comprise polar landings to search for frozen volatiles and a sample return. For Mars, the implementation of a modest robotic landing mission in 2009 to demonstrate the capability for landing and prepare more ambitious and complex missions is discussed. For near-Earth asteroid exploration, a low-cost in-situ technology demonstration mission could yield important results. All proposed scenarios offer excellent science and could therefore create synergies between ESA’s mandatory and optional programs in the area of planetary science and exploration. The paper intents to stimulate the European discussion on space exploration and reflects the personal view of the authors.
Y1  - 2004
N1  - 55th International Astronautical Congress 2004 - Vancouver, Canada
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Seboldt, Wolfgang
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
T1  - Solar sails for near-term advanced scientific deep space missions
T2  - Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Combustion and Propulsion
N2  - Solar sails are propelled in space by reflecting solar photons off large mirroring surfaces, thereby transforming the momentum of the photons into a propulsive force. This innovative concept for low-thrust space propulsion works without any propellant and thus provides a wide range of opportunities for highenergy low-cost missions. Offering an efficient way of propulsion, solar sailcraft could close a gap in transportation options for highly demanding exploration missions within our solar system and even beyond. On December 17th, 1999, a significant step was made towards the realization of this technology: a lightweight solar sail structure with an area of 20 m × 20 m was successfully deployed on ground in a large facility at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) at Cologne. The deployment from a package of 60 cm × 60 cm × 65 cm with a total mass of less than 35 kg was achieved using four extremely light-weight carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) booms with a specific mass of 100 g/m. The paper briefly reviews the basic principles of solar sails as well as the technical concept and its realization in the ground demonstration experiment, performed in close cooperation between DLR and ESA. Next possible steps are outlined. They could comprise the in-orbit demonstration of the sail deployment on the upper stage of a low-cost rocket and the verification of the propulsion concept by an autonomous and free flying solar sail in the frame of a scientific mission. It is expected that the present design could be extended to sail sizes of about (40 m)2  up to even (70 m)2 without significant mass penalty. With these areas, the maximum achievable thrust at 1 AU would range between 10 and 40 mN – comparable to some electric thrusters. Such prototype sails with a mass between 50 and 150 kg plus a micro-spacecraft of 50 to 250 kg would have a maximum acceleration in the order of 0.1 mm/s2 at 1 AU, corresponding to a maximum ∆V-capability of about 3 km/s per year. Two near/medium-term mission examples to a near-Earth asteroid (NEA) will be discussed: a rendezvous mission
and a sample return mission.
KW  - solar sail
KW  - low-thrust
KW  - near-Earth asteroid
KW  - sample return
KW  - solar system
Y1  - 2003
N1  - Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Combustion and Propulsion. Pozzuoli, Italy, 16 - 21 June 2002.
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Seefeldt, Patric
A1  - Bauer, Waldemar
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Grundmann, Jan Thimo
A1  - Straubel, Marco
A1  - Sznajder, Maciej
A1  - Tóth, Norbert
A1  - Zander, Martin E.
T1  - Large lightweight deployable structures for planetary defence: solar sail propulsion, solar concentrator payloads, large-scale photovoltaic power
T2  - 4th IAA Planetary Defense Conference - PDC 2015, 13-17 April 2015, Frascati, Roma, Italy
Y1  - 2015
N1  - IAA-PDC-15-P-20
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Seefeldt, Patric
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
T1  - Temperature increase on folded solar sail membranes
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.09.026
SN  - 0273-1177
VL  - 67
IS  - 9
SP  - 2688
EP  - 2695
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Seifarth, Volker
A1  - Goßmann, Matthias
A1  - Grosse, J. O.
A1  - Becker, C.
A1  - Heschel, I.
A1  - Artmann, Gerhard
A1  - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül
T1  - Development of a Bioreactor to Culture Tissue Engineered Ureters Based on the Application of Tubular OPTIMAIX 3D Scaffolds
JF  - Urologia Internationalis
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1159/000368419
SN  - 0042-1138
VL  - 2015
IS  - 95
SP  - 106
EP  - 113
PB  - Karger
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Smith, Wayne
A1  - Kotliar, Konstantin
A1  - Lammertyn, Leandi
A1  - Ramoshaba, Nthai E.
A1  - Vilser, Walthard
A1  - Huisman, Hugo W.
A1  - Schutte, Aletta E.
T1  - Retinal vessel caliber and caliber responses in true normotensive black and white adults: The African-PREDICT study
JF  - Microvascular Research
N2  - Purpose
Globally, a detrimental shift in cardiovascular disease risk factors and a higher mortality level are reported in some black populations. The retinal microvasculature provides early insight into the pathogenesis of systemic vascular diseases, but it is unclear whether retinal vessel calibers and acute retinal vessel functional responses differ between young healthy black and white adults.

Methods
We included 112 black and 143 white healthy normotensive adults (20–30 years). Retinal vessel calibers (central retinal artery and vein equivalent (CRAE and CRVE)) were calculated from retinal images and vessel caliber responses to flicker light induced provocation (FLIP) were determined. Additionally, ambulatory blood pressure (BP), anthropometry and blood samples were collected.

Results
The groups displayed similar 24 h BP profiles and anthropometry (all p > .24). Black participants demonstrated a smaller CRAE (158 ± 11 vs. 164 ± 11 MU, p < .001) compared to the white group, whereas CRVE was similar (p = .57). In response to FLIP, artery maximal dilation was greater in the black vs. white group (5.6 ± 2.1 vs. 3.3 ± 1.8%; p < .001).

Conclusions
Already at a young age, healthy black adults showed narrower retinal arteries relative to the white population. Follow-up studies are underway to show if this will be related to increased risk for hypertension development. The reason for the larger vessel dilation responses to FLIP in the black population is unclear and warrants further investigation.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103937
SN  - 0026-2862
VL  - 128
IS  - Article 103937
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Spietz, Peter
A1  - Spröwitz, Tom
A1  - Seefeldt, Patric
A1  - Grundmann, Jan Thimo
A1  - Jahnke, Rico
A1  - Mikschl, Tobias
A1  - Mikulz, Eugen
A1  - Montenegro, Sergio
A1  - Reershemius, Siebo
A1  - Renger, Thomas
A1  - Ruffer, Michael
A1  - Sasaki, Kaname
A1  - Sznajder, Maciej
A1  - Tóth, Norbert
A1  - Ceriotti, Matteo
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Macdonald, Malcolm
A1  - McInnes, Colin
A1  - Seboldt, Wolfgang
A1  - Quantius, Dominik
A1  - Bauer, Waldemar
A1  - Wiedemann, Carsten
A1  - Grimm, Christian D.
A1  - Hercik, David
A1  - Ho, Tra-Mi
A1  - Lange, Caroline
A1  - Schmitz, Nicole
T1  - Paths not taken – The Gossamer roadmap’s other options
JF  - Advances in Space Research
KW  - Solar sail
KW  - Small spacecraft
KW  - DLR-ESTEC GOSSAMER roadmap for solar sailing
KW  - GOSSAMER-1
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2021.01.044
SN  - 0273-1177
VL  - 67
IS  - 9
SP  - 2912
EP  - 2956
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Spohr, A.
A1  - Schirra, Julian
A1  - Hoefling, J.
A1  - Schedl, A.
T1  - Wing weight estimation methodology for highly non-planar lifting systems during conceptual design
T2  - Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2013 : 10.9. - 12.9.2013, Stuttgart
Y1  - 2013
SP  - Publ. online
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Spurmann, Jörn
A1  - Ohndorf, Andreas
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Seboldt, Wolfgang
A1  - Löb, Horst
A1  - Schartner, Karl-Heinz
T1  - Interplanetary trajectory optimization for a sep mission to Saturn
T2  - 60th International Astronautical Congress 2009
N2  - The recently proposed NASA and ESA missions to Saturn and Jupiter pose difficult tasks to mission designers because chemical propulsion scenarios are not capable of transferring heavy spacecraft into the outer solar system without the use of gravity assists. Thus our developed mission scenario based on the joint NASA/ESA Titan Saturn System Mission baselines solar electric propulsion to improve mission flexibility and transfer time. For the calculation of near-globally optimal low-thrust trajectories, we have used a method called Evolutionary Neurocontrol, which is implemented in the low-thrust trajectory optimization software InTrance. The studied solar electric propulsion scenario covers trajectory optimization of the interplanetary transfer including variations of the spacecraft's thrust level, the thrust unit's specific impulse and the solar power generator power level. Additionally developed software extensions enabled trajectory optimization with launcher-provided hyperbolic excess energy, a complex solar power generator model and a variable specific impulse ion engine model. For the investigated mission scenario, Evolutionary Neurocontrol yields good optimization results, which also hold valid for the more elaborate spacecraft models. Compared to Cassini/Huygens, the best found solutions have faster transfer times and a higher mission flexibility in general.
KW  - Spacecraft
KW  - Reusable Rocket Engines
KW  - Hybrid Propellants
Y1  - 2009
SN  - 9781615679089
N1  - 60th International Astronautical Congress 2009 (IAC 2009)
Held 12-16 October 2009, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
SP  - 5234
EP  - 5248
ER  -