TY  - CHAP
A1  - Dachwald, Bernd
A1  - Kahle, Ralph
A1  - Wie, Bong
T1  - Solar sail Kinetic Energy Impactor (KEI) mission design tradeoffs for impacting and deflecting asteroid 99942 Apophis
T2  - AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit
N2  - Near-Earth asteroid 99942 Apophis provides a typical example for the evolution of asteroid orbits that lead to Earth-impacts after a close Earth-encounter that results in a resonant return. Apophis will have a close Earth-encounter in 2029 with potential very close subsequent Earth-encounters (or even an impact) in 2036 or later, depending on whether it passes through one of several so-called gravitational keyholes during its 2029-encounter. Several pre-2029-deflection scenarios to prevent Apophis from doing this have been investigated so far. Because the keyholes are less than 1 km in size, a pre-2029 kinetic impact is clearly the best option because it requires only a small change in Apophis' orbit to nudge it out of a keyhole. A single solar sail Kinetic Energy Impactor (KEI) spacecraft that impacts Apophis from a retrograde trajectory with a very high relative velocity (75-80 km/s) during one of its perihelion passages at about 0.75 AU would be a feasible option to do this. The spacecraft consists of a 160 m x 160 m, 168 kg solar sail assembly and a 150 kg impactor. Although conventional spacecraft can also achieve the required minimum deflection of 1 km for this approx. 320 m-sized object from a prograde trajectory, our solar sail KEI concept also allows the deflection of larger objects. In this paper, we also show that, even after Apophis has flown through one of the gravitational keyholes in 2029, solar sail Kinetic Energy Impactor (KEI) spacecraft are still a feasible option to prevent Apophis from impacting the Earth, but many KEIs would be required for consecutive impacts to increase the total Earth-miss distance to a safe value. In this paper, we elaborate potential pre- and post-2029 KEI impact scenarios for a launch in 2020, and investigate tradeoffs between different mission parameters.
KW  - Solar Sail
KW  - Asteroid Deflection
KW  - Planetary Protection
KW  - Trajectory Optimization
Y1  - 2006
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6178
N1  - AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit, 21 August 2006 - 24 August 2006, Keystone, Colorado(USA).
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Drumm, Christian
A1  - Lemcke, Jens
A1  - Oberle, Daniel
T1  - Integrating Semantic Web Services and Business Process Management: A Real Use Case
T2  - Proceedings of the ESWC 2006 Workshop Semantics for Business Process Management 2006 (SBPM 2006), June 2006
Y1  - 2006
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
A1  - Mistler, Michael
T1  - Seismic resistance of unreinforced masonry buildings
T2  - Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Computational Structures Technology : [Las Palmas de Cran Canaria, 12-15 September 2006] / ed. by B. H. V. Topping ...
Y1  - 2006
SN  - 1-905088-06-X
U6  - https://doi.org/10.4203/ccp.83.9
SP  - Paper 9
PB  - Civil-Comp Press
CY  - Stirling
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kob, Malte
A1  - Gömmel, Andreas
A1  - Butenweg, Christoph
A1  - Niendorf, Thoralf
T1  - Training of a combined model of larynx and vocal folds with data from MRI measurements
T2  - The 5th International Conference on Voice Physiology and Biomechanics: Variations across Cultures and Species, July 12-14, 2006, Tokyo, Japan. Proceedings
Y1  - 2006
SP  - 45
EP  - 46
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Poghossian, Arshak
A1  - Ingebrandt, S.
A1  - Platen, J.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Field-effect sensors with charged macromolecules – from micro towards nano aspects
T2  - Biochemical Sensing Utilisation of Micro-and                       Nanotechnologies, Warschau, Nov. 2005 : Lecture Notes of the                       ICB Seminar / ed.: M. Mascini, W. Torbicz
Y1  - 2006
SP  - 74
EP  - 81
PB  - Polish Academy Sciences Press
CY  - Warsaw
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Pietsch, Wolfram
A1  - Herzwurm, Georg
A1  - Zander, Dietmar
T1  - Assuring quality of QFD-education in Germany
T2  - ISQFD'06: 12th International Symposium on QFD : Tokyo, 07.-09.2006
Y1  - 2006
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Herrmann, Ulf
A1  - Worringer, S.
A1  - Graeter, F.
A1  - Nava, P.
ED  - Romero, Manuel
T1  - Three Years of Operation Experience of the SKAL-ET Collector Loop at SEGS V
T2  - 13th International Symposium Concentrated Solar Power and Chemical Energy Technologies, June 20 - 23, 2006, Seville, Spain
Y1  - 2006
SN  - 84-7834-519-1
PB  - SolarPACES [u.a.]
CY  - [s.l.]
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Moreno, Lia
A1  - Dosev, D.
A1  - Bratov, A.
A1  - Dominguez, C.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
A1  - Kloock, Joachim P.
T1  - Effect of electrical properties of the surrounding medium on the response of an interdigitated electrode array with chalcogenide glass film
T2  - XX Eurosensors : 20th anniversary ; Göteborg, Sweden, 17 - 20 September 2006 ; [proceedings]. - Vol. 1
Y1  - 2006
SN  - 978-91-631-9280-7
N1  - Paper number: T1A-P22
SP  - 384
EP  - 385
CY  - Göteborg
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Vedral, Andreas
A1  - Wollert, Jörg
A1  - Buda, A.
A1  - Altrock, R.
T1  - The capability of bluetooth for real-time transmission in automation
T2  - Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Networks and Communication Systems 2006 : March 29 - 31, 2006, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Y1  - 2006
SP  - 168
EP  - 175
PB  - Acta Pr.
CY  - Anaheim, Calif.
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Kloock, Joachim P.
A1  - Schubert, J.
A1  - Ermelenko, Y.
A1  - Vlasov, Y. G.
A1  - Bratov, A.
A1  - Schöning, Michael Josef
T1  - Thin-film sensors with chalcogenide glass materials – a general survey
T2  - Biochemical sensing utilisation of micro- and nanotechnologies : Warsaw, [23rd - 26th] November 2005 / ed. by M. Mascini ...
Y1  - 2006
SP  - 92
EP  - 97
CY  - Warsaw
ER  -