TY - CHAP A1 - Klöser, Lars A1 - Büsgen, André A1 - Kohl, Philipp A1 - Kraft, Bodo A1 - Zündorf, Albert ED - Conte, Donatello ED - Fred, Ana ED - Gusikhin, Oleg ED - Sansone, Carlo T1 - Explaining relation classification models with semantic extents T2 - DeLTA 2023: Deep Learning Theory and Applications N2 - In recent years, the development of large pretrained language models, such as BERT and GPT, significantly improved information extraction systems on various tasks, including relation classification. State-of-the-art systems are highly accurate on scientific benchmarks. A lack of explainability is currently a complicating factor in many real-world applications. Comprehensible systems are necessary to prevent biased, counterintuitive, or harmful decisions. We introduce semantic extents, a concept to analyze decision patterns for the relation classification task. Semantic extents are the most influential parts of texts concerning classification decisions. Our definition allows similar procedures to determine semantic extents for humans and models. We provide an annotation tool and a software framework to determine semantic extents for humans and models conveniently and reproducibly. Comparing both reveals that models tend to learn shortcut patterns from data. These patterns are hard to detect with current interpretability methods, such as input reductions. Our approach can help detect and eliminate spurious decision patterns during model development. Semantic extents can increase the reliability and security of natural language processing systems. Semantic extents are an essential step in enabling applications in critical areas like healthcare or finance. Moreover, our work opens new research directions for developing methods to explain deep learning models. KW - Relation classification KW - Natural language processing KW - Natural language understanding KW - Information extraction KW - Trustworthy artificial intelligence Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-031-39058-6 (Print) SN - 978-3-031-39059-3 (Online) U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39059-3_13 N1 - 4th International Conference, DeLTA 2023, Rome, Italy, July 13–14, 2023. SP - 189 EP - 208 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. A1 - Baumann, Martin ED - Thomann, Hermann ED - Träger, Thomas T1 - Moderationsexpertise für QMBs – das Mindset T2 - Qualitätsmanagement in Dienstleistungsunternehmen N2 - Teamsitzungen, Arbeitsgruppentreffen, Kickoffs und Meetings – sie alle werden mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, innerhalb einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne ein gemeinsames Arbeitsziel zu erreichen. Damit die Zielerreichung auch bei komplexeren Arbeitsaufträgen nicht vom Zufall abhängt, empfiehlt es sich, die Leitung des Ablaufs einem Moderator zu übertragen. In diesem Beitrag einer mehrteiligen Serie wird beschrieben, über welches Mindset der Moderator verfügen sollte, welche grundsätzlichen Methoden hilfreich sind und was bei der Onlinemoderation im Besonderen zu beachten ist. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8249-0473-0 SP - Kapitel 08630 PB - TÜV-Verlag CY - Köln ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. A1 - Baumann, Martin ED - Lindinger, Markus ED - Bartsch, Oliver T1 - Moderationsexpertise - das Mindset T2 - IT-Servicemanagement N2 - Teamsitzungen, Arbeitsgruppentreffen, Kickoffs und Meetings – sie alle werden mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, innerhalb einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne ein gemeinsames Arbeitsziel zu erreichen. Damit die Zielerreichung auch bei komplexeren Arbeitsaufträgen nicht vom Zufall abhängt, empfiehlt es sich, die Leitung des Ablaufs einem Moderator zu übertragen. In diesem Beitrag einer dreiteiligen Serie wird beschrieben, über welches Mindset der Moderator verfügen sollte, welche grundsätzlichen Methoden hilfreich sind und was bei der Onlinemoderation im Besonderen zu beachten ist. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8249-1154-7 SP - Kapitel 05530 PB - TÜV-Verlag CY - Köln ET - 54. Update ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Waldvogel, Janice A1 - Freyler, Kathrin A1 - Helm, Michael A1 - Monti, Elena A1 - Stäudle, Benjamin A1 - Gollhofer, Albert A1 - Narici, Marco V. A1 - Ritzmann, Ramona A1 - Albracht, Kirsten T1 - Changes in gravity affect neuromuscular control, biomechanics, and muscle-tendon mechanics in energy storage and dissipation tasks JF - Journal of Applied Physiology N2 - This study evaluates neuromechanical control and muscle-tendon interaction during energy storage and dissipation tasks in hypergravity. During parabolic flights, while 17 subjects performed drop jumps (DJs) and drop landings (DLs), electromyography (EMG) of the lower limb muscles was combined with in vivo fascicle dynamics of the gastrocnemius medialis, two-dimensional (2D) kinematics, and kinetics to measure and analyze changes in energy management. Comparisons were made between movement modalities executed in hypergravity (1.8 G) and gravity on ground (1 G). In 1.8 G, ankle dorsiflexion, knee joint flexion, and vertical center of mass (COM) displacement are lower in DJs than in DLs; within each movement modality, joint flexion amplitudes and COM displacement demonstrate higher values in 1.8 G than in 1 G. Concomitantly, negative peak ankle joint power, vertical ground reaction forces, and leg stiffness are similar between both movement modalities (1.8 G). In DJs, EMG activity in 1.8 G is lower during the COM deceleration phase than in 1 G, thus impairing quasi-isometric fascicle behavior. In DLs, EMG activity before and during the COM deceleration phase is higher, and fascicles are stretched less in 1.8 G than in 1 G. Compared with the situation in 1 G, highly task-specific neuromuscular activity is diminished in 1.8 G, resulting in fascicle lengthening in both movement modalities. Specifically, in DJs, a high magnitude of neuromuscular activity is impaired, resulting in altered energy storage. In contrast, in DLs, linear stiffening of the system due to higher neuromuscular activity combined with lower fascicle stretch enhances the buffering function of the tendon, and thus the capacity to safely dissipate energy. KW - electromyography KW - locomotion KW - overload KW - stretch-shortening cycle KW - ultrasound Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00279.2022 SN - 1522-1601 (Onlineausgabe) SN - 8750-7587 (Druckausgabe) VL - 134 IS - 1 SP - 190 EP - 202 PB - American Physiological Society CY - Bethesda, Md. ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Stollenwerk, Dominik A1 - Franzke, Till A1 - Maurer, Florian A1 - Reinkensmeier, Sebastian A1 - Kim, Franken A1 - Tambornino, Philipp A1 - Haas, Florian A1 - Rieke, Christian A1 - Hermanuz, Andreas A1 - Borchert, Jörg A1 - Ritz, Thomas A1 - Sander, Volker ED - Proff, Heike T1 - Smarte Ladesäulen : Netz- und Marktdienliches öffentliches Laden T2 - Towards the New Normal in Mobility : Technische und betriebswirtschaftliche Aspekte N2 - Stand 01.01.2022 sind in Deutschland 618.460 elektrisch angetriebene KFZ zugelassen. Insgesamt sind derzeit 48.540.878 KFZ zugelassen, was einer Elektromobilitätsquote von ca. 1,2 % entspricht. Derzeit werden Elektromobile über Ladestationen oder Steckdosen mit dem Stromnetz verbunden und üblicherweise mit der vollen Ladekapazität des Anschlusses aufgeladen, bis das Batteriemanagementsystem des Fahrzeugs abhängig vom Ladezustand der Batterie die Ladeleistung reduziert. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-658-39437-0 (Print) SN - 978-3-658-39438-7 (Online) U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39438-7_18 SP - 287 EP - 304 PB - Springer Gabler CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rhoden, Imke A1 - Ball, Christopher Stephen A1 - Grajewski, Matthias A1 - Kuckshinrich, Wilhelm T1 - Reverse engineering of stakeholder preferences – A multi-criteria assessment of the German passenger car sector JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews N2 - Germany is a frontrunner in setting frameworks for the transition to a low-carbon system. The mobility sector plays a significant role in this shift, affecting different people and groups on multiple levels. Without acceptance from these stakeholders, emission targets are out of reach. This research analyzes how the heterogeneous preferences of various stakeholders align with the transformation of the mobility sector, looking at the extent to which the German transformation paths are supported and where stakeholders are located. Under the research objective of comparing stakeholders' preferences to identify which car segments require additional support for a successful climate transition, a status quo of stakeholders and car performance criteria is the foundation for the analysis. Stakeholders' hidden preferences hinder the derivation of criteria weightings from stakeholders; therefore, a ranking from observed preferences is used. This study's inverse multi-criteria decision analysis means that weightings can be predicted and used together with a recalibrated performance matrix to explore future preferences toward car segments. Results show that stakeholders prefer medium-sized cars, with the trend pointing towards the increased potential for alternative propulsion technologies and electrified vehicles. These insights can guide the improved targeting of policy supporting the energy and mobility transformation. Additionally, the method proposed in this work can fully handle subjective approaches while incorporating a priori information. A software implementation of the proposed method completes this work and is made publicly available. KW - Regionalization KW - Multi-criteria decision analysis KW - Preference assessment KW - E-Mobility KW - Mobility transition Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113352 SN - 1364-0321 VL - 181 IS - July 2023 SP - Article number: 113352 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - INPR A1 - Bornheim, Tobias A1 - Niklas, Grieger A1 - Blaneck, Patrick Gustav A1 - Bialonski, Stephan T1 - Preprint: Speaker attribution in German parliamentary debates with QLoRA-adapted large language models T2 - Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics N2 - The growing body of political texts opens up new opportunities for rich insights into political dynamics and ideologies but also increases the workload for manual analysis. Automated speaker attribution, which detects who said what to whom in a speech event and is closely related to semantic role labeling, is an important processing step for computational text analysis. We study the potential of the large language model family Llama 2 to automate speaker attribution in German parliamentary debates from 2017-2021. We fine-tune Llama 2 with QLoRA, an efficient training strategy, and observe our approach to achieve competitive performance in the GermEval 2023 Shared Task On Speaker Attribution in German News Articles and Parliamentary Debates. Our results shed light on the capabilities of large language models in automating speaker attribution, revealing a promising avenue for computational analysis of political discourse and the development of semantic role labeling systems. Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2309.09902 N1 - Veröffentlichte Version verfügbar unter: https://doi.org/10.21248/jlcl.37.2024.244 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bertz, Morten A1 - Molinnus, Denise A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Homma, Takayuki T1 - Real-time monitoring of H₂O₂ sterilization on individual bacillus atrophaeus spores by optical sensing with trapping Raman spectroscopy JF - Chemosensors N2 - Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a strong oxidizer, is a commonly used sterilization agent employed during aseptic food processing and medical applications. To assess the sterilization efficiency with H₂O₂, bacterial spores are common microbial systems due to their remarkable robustness against a wide variety of decontamination strategies. Despite their widespread use, there is, however, only little information about the detailed time-resolved mechanism underlying the oxidative spore death by H₂O₂. In this work, we investigate chemical and morphological changes of individual Bacillus atrophaeus spores undergoing oxidative damage using optical sensing with trapping Raman microscopy in real-time. The time-resolved experiments reveal that spore death involves two distinct phases: (i) an initial phase dominated by the fast release of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a major spore biomarker, which indicates the rupture of the spore’s core; and (ii) the oxidation of the remaining spore material resulting in the subsequent fragmentation of the spores’ coat. Simultaneous observation of the spore morphology by optical microscopy corroborates these mechanisms. The dependence of the onset of DPA release and the time constant of spore fragmentation on H₂O₂ shows that the formation of reactive oxygen species from H₂O₂ is the rate-limiting factor of oxidative spore death. KW - DPA (dipicolinic acid) KW - sterilization KW - Bacillus atrophaeus spores KW - optical trapping KW - Raman spectroscopy KW - optical sensor setup Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11080445 SN - 2227-9040 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Biosensors and Chemical Sensors for Food and Healthcare Monitoring—Celebrating the 10th Anniversary" VL - 8 IS - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wendlandt, Tim A1 - Koch, Claudia A1 - Britz, Beate A1 - Liedek, Anke A1 - Schmidt, Nora A1 - Werner, Stefan A1 - Gleba, Yuri A1 - Vahidpour, Farnoosh A1 - Welden, Melanie A1 - Poghossian, Arshak A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Facile Purification and Use of Tobamoviral Nanocarriers for Antibody-Mediated Display of a Two-Enzyme System JF - Viruses N2 - Immunosorbent turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) particles displaying the IgG-binding domains D and E of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (PA) on every coat protein (CP) subunit (TVCVPA) were purified from plants via optimized and new protocols. The latter used polyethylene glycol (PEG) raw precipitates, from which virions were selectively re-solubilized in reverse PEG concentration gradients. This procedure improved the integrity of both TVCVPA and the wild-type subgroup 3 tobamovirus. TVCVPA could be loaded with more than 500 IgGs per virion, which mediated the immunocapture of fluorescent dyes, GFP, and active enzymes. Bi-enzyme ensembles of cooperating glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase were tethered together on the TVCVPA carriers via a single antibody type, with one enzyme conjugated chemically to its Fc region, and the other one bound as a target, yielding synthetic multi-enzyme complexes. In microtiter plates, the TVCVPA-displayed sugar-sensing system possessed a considerably increased reusability upon repeated testing, compared to the IgG-bound enzyme pair in the absence of the virus. A high coverage of the viral adapters was also achieved on Ta2O5 sensor chip surfaces coated with a polyelectrolyte interlayer, as a prerequisite for durable TVCVPA-assisted electrochemical biosensing via modularly IgG-assembled sensor enzymes. KW - biosensor KW - horseradish peroxidase (HRP) KW - glucose oxidase (GOx) KW - enzyme cascade KW - turnip vein clearing virus (TVCV) KW - tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/doi.org/10.3390/v15091951 SN - 1999-4915 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Tobamoviruses 2023" VL - 9 IS - 15 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Morais, Paulo V. A1 - Suman, Pedro H. A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Siqueira Junior, José R. A1 - Orlandi, Marcelo O. T1 - Layer-by-layer film based on Sn₃O₄ nanobelts as sensing units to detect heavy metals using a capacitive field-effect sensor platform JF - Chemosensors N2 - Lead and nickel, as heavy metals, are still used in industrial processes, and are classified as “environmental health hazards” due to their toxicity and polluting potential. The detection of heavy metals can prevent environmental pollution at toxic levels that are critical to human health. In this sense, the electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensor is an attractive sensing platform concerning the fabrication of reusable and robust sensors to detect such substances. This study is aimed to fabricate a sensing unit on an EIS device based on Sn₃O₄ nanobelts embedded in a polyelectrolyte matrix of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. The EIS-Sn₃O₄ sensor exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance for detecting Pb²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions, revealing a higher affinity for Pb²⁺ ions, with sensitivities of ca. 25.8 mV/decade and 2.4 mV/decade, respectively. Such results indicate that Sn₃O₄ nanobelts can contemplate a feasible proof-of-concept capacitive field-effect sensor for heavy metal detection, envisaging other future studies focusing on environmental monitoring. KW - Sn₃O₄ KW - nanobelts KW - field-effect sensor KW - LbL films KW - heavy metals Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11080436 SN - 2227-9040 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Sensors or Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials VL - 11 IS - 8 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - THES A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - On selected problems in multivariate analysis N2 - Selected problems in the field of multivariate statistical analysis are treated. Thereby, one focus is on the paired sample case. Among other things, statistical testing problems of marginal homogeneity are under consideration. In detail, properties of Hotelling‘s T² test in a special parametric situation are obtained. Moreover, the nonparametric problem of marginal homogeneity is discussed on the basis of possibly incomplete data. In the bivariate data case, properties of the Hoeffding-Blum-Kiefer-Rosenblatt independence test statistic on the basis of partly not identically distributed data are investigated. Similar testing problems are treated within the scope of the application of a result for the empirical process of the concomitants for partly categorial data. Furthermore, testing changes in the modeled solvency capital requirement of an insurance company by means of a paired sample from an internal risk model is discussed. Beyond the paired sample case, a new asymptotic relative efficiency concept based on the expected volumes of multidimensional confidence regions is introduced. Besides, a new approach for the treatment of the multi-sample goodness-of-fit problem is presented. Finally, a consistent test for the treatment of the goodness-of-fit problem is developed for the background of huge or infinite dimensional data. KW - Paired sample KW - Marginal homogeneity KW - Incomplete data KW - Asymptotic relative efficiency KW - Volumes of confidence regions Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.15488/14304 N1 - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. A1 - Baumann, Martin ED - Thomann, Hermann ED - Träger, Thomas T1 - Moderationsexpertise für QMBs – die Methoden T2 - Qualitätsmanagement in Dienstleistungsunternehmen N2 - Damit Sie als Moderator effektiv und professionell moderieren können, sollten Sie die entsprechenden Methoden kennen. Mit den richtigen Methoden können Sie Diskussionen leiten, Konflikte lösen, die Teilnehmer motivieren und dafür sorgen, dass die Ziele der Veranstaltung erreicht werden. Außerdem helfen sie Ihnen, eine positive Atmosphäre zu schaffen und das Interesse der Teilnehmer zu halten. In diesem zweiten Beitrag der mehrteiligen Serie lernen Sie die grundsätzlichen Methoden kennen, um erfolgreiche Teamsitzungen, Arbeitsgruppentreffen, Kick-offs und Meetings durchzuführen. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8249-0473-0 SP - Kapitel 08631 PB - TÜV-Verlag CY - Köln ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. A1 - Baumann, Martin ED - Lindinger, Markus ED - Bartsch, Oliver T1 - Moderationsexpertise – die Methoden T2 - IT-Servicemanagement N2 - Damit Sie als Moderator effektiv und professionell moderieren können, sollten Sie die entsprechenden Methoden kennen. Mit den richtigen Methoden können Sie Diskussionen leiten, Konflikte lösen, die Teilnehmer motivieren und dafür sorgen, dass die Ziele der Veranstaltung erreicht werden. Außerdem helfen sie Ihnen, eine positive Atmosphäre zu schaffen und das Interesse der Teilnehmer zu halten. In diesem zweiten Beitrag der mehrteiligen Serie lernen Sie die grundsätzlichen Methoden kennen, um erfolgreiche Teamsitzungen, Arbeitsgruppentreffen, Kick-offs und Meetings durchzuführen. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8249-1154-7 SP - Kapitel 05531 PB - TÜV-Verlag CY - Köln ET - 54. Update ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Akimbekov, Nuraly A1 - Rogachev, Evgeniy A1 - Pogorelova, Natalia T1 - Bacterial cellulose produced by Medusomyces gisevii on glucose and sucrose: biosynthesis and structural properties JF - Cellulose N2 - In this work, the effects of carbon sources and culture media on the production and structural properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) synthesized by Medusomyces gisevii have been studied. The culture medium was composed of different initial concentrations of glucose or sucrose dissolved in 0.4% extract of plain green tea. Parameters of the culture media (titratable acidity, substrate conversion degree etc.) were monitored daily for 20 days of cultivation. The BC pellicles produced on different carbon sources were characterized in terms of biomass yield, crystallinity and morphology by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Our results showed that Medusomyces gisevii had higher BC yields in media with sugar concentrations close to 10 g L−1 after a 18–20 days incubation period. Glucose in general lead to a higher BC yield (173 g L−1) compared to sucrose (163.5 g L−1). The BC crystallinity degree and surface roughness were higher in the samples synthetized from sucrose. Obtained FE-SEM micrographs show that the BC pellicles synthesized in the sucrose media contained densely packed tangles of cellulose fibrils whereas the BC produced in the glucose media displayed rather linear geometry of the BC fibrils without noticeable aggregates. KW - Bacterial cellulose KW - Medusomyces gisevi KW - Carbon sources KW - Culture media KW - Cellulose nanostructure Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05592-z SN - 1572-882X (Online) SN - 0969-0239 (Print) N1 - Corresponding author: Ilya Digel PB - Springer Science + Business Media CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sildatke, Michael A1 - Karwanni, Hendrik A1 - Kraft, Bodo A1 - Zündorf, Albert T1 - A distributed microservice architecture pattern for the automated generation of information extraction pipelines JF - SN Computer Science N2 - Companies often build their businesses based on product information and therefore try to automate the process of information extraction (IE). Since the information source is usually heterogeneous and non-standardized, classic extract, transform, load techniques reach their limits. Hence, companies must implement the newest findings from research to tackle the challenges of process automation. They require a flexible and robust system that is extendable and ensures the optimal processing of the different document types. This paper provides a distributed microservice architecture pattern that enables the automated generation of IE pipelines. Since their optimal design is individual for each input document, the system ensures the ad-hoc generation of pipelines depending on specific document characteristics at runtime. Furthermore, it introduces the automated quality determination of each available pipeline and controls the integration of new microservices based on their impact on the business value. The introduced system enables fast prototyping of the newest approaches from research and supports companies in automating their IE processes. Based on the automated quality determination, it ensures that the generated pipelines always meet defined business requirements when they come into productive use. KW - Architectural design KW - Model-driven software engineering KW - Software and systems modeling KW - Enterprise information systems KW - Information extraction Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42979-023-02256-4 SN - 2661-8907 N1 - Corresponding authors: Michael Sildatke, Hendrik Karwanni IS - 4, Article number: 833 PB - Springer Singapore CY - Singapore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alnemer, Momin Sami Mohammad A1 - Kotliar, Konstantin A1 - Neuhaus, Valentin A1 - Pape, Hans-Christoph A1 - Ciritsis, Bernhard D. T1 - Cost-effectiveness analysis of surgical proximal femur fracture prevention in elderly: a Markov cohort simulation model JF - Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation N2 - Background Hip fractures are a common and costly health problem, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, as well as high costs for healthcare systems, especially for the elderly. Implementing surgical preventive strategies has the potential to improve the quality of life and reduce the burden on healthcare resources, particularly in the long term. However, there are currently limited guidelines for standardizing hip fracture prophylaxis practices. Methods This study used a cost-effectiveness analysis with a finite-state Markov model and cohort simulation to evaluate the primary and secondary surgical prevention of hip fractures in the elderly. Patients aged 60 to 90 years were simulated in two different models (A and B) to assess prevention at different levels. Model A assumed prophylaxis was performed during the fracture operation on the contralateral side, while Model B included individuals with high fracture risk factors. Costs were obtained from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, and transition probabilities and health state utilities were derived from available literature. The baseline assumption was a 10% reduction in fracture risk after prophylaxis. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to assess the reliability and variability of the results. Results With a 10% fracture risk reduction, model A costs between $8,850 and $46,940 per quality-adjusted life-year ($/QALY). Additionally, it proved most cost-effective in the age range between 61 and 81 years. The sensitivity analysis established that a reduction of ≥ 2.8% is needed for prophylaxis to be definitely cost-effective. The cost-effectiveness at the secondary prevention level was most sensitive to the cost of the contralateral side’s prophylaxis, the patient’s age, and fracture treatment cost. For high-risk patients with no fracture history, the cost-effectiveness of a preventive strategy depends on their risk profile. In the baseline analysis, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio at the primary prevention level varied between $11,000/QALY and $74,000/QALY, which is below the defined willingness to pay threshold. Conclusion Due to the high cost of hip fracture treatment and its increased morbidity, surgical prophylaxis strategies have demonstrated that they can significantly relieve the healthcare system. Various key assumptions facilitated the modeling, allowing for adequate room for uncertainty. Further research is needed to evaluate health-state-associated risks. KW - Hip fractures KW - Prevention KW - Geriatric KW - Cost-effectiveness KW - Prophylaxis Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12962-023-00482-4 SN - 1478-7547 N1 - Corresponding author: Momin S. Alnemer IS - 21, Article number: 77 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Janus, Kevin Alexander A1 - Achtsnicht, Stefan A1 - Drinic, Aleksander A1 - Kopp, Alexander A1 - Keusgen, Michael A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Transient magnesium-based thin-film temperature sensor on a flexible, bioabsorbable substrate for future medical applications JF - Applied Research N2 - In this work, the bioabsorbable materials, namely fibroin, polylactide acid (PLA), magnesium and magnesium oxide are investigated for their application as transient, resistive temperature detectors (RTD). For this purpose, a thin-film magnesium-based meander-like electrode is deposited onto a flexible, bioabsorbable substrate (fibroin or PLA) and encapsulated (passivated) by additional magnesium oxide layers on top and below the magnesium-based electrode. The morphology of different layered RTDs is analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The sensor performance and lifetime of the RTD is characterized both under ambient atmospheric conditions between 30°C and 43°C, and wet tissue-like conditions with a constant temperature regime of 37°C. The latter triggers the degradation process of the magnesium-based layers. The 3-layers RTDs on a PLA substrate could achieve a lifetime of 8.5 h. These sensors also show the best sensor performance under ambient atmospheric conditions with a mean sensitivity of 0.48 Ω/°C ± 0.01 Ω/°C. KW - Silk fibroin KW - Polylactide acid KW - Bioabsorbable KW - Resistive temperature detector Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/appl.202300102 SN - 2702-4288 (Print) N1 - Corresponding author: Michael Josef Schöning IS - Accepted manuscript PB - Wiley-VCH ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Karschuck, Tobias A1 - Schmidt, Stefan A1 - Achtsnicht, Stefan A1 - Poghossian, Arshak A1 - Wagner, Patrick A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Multiplexing system for automated characterization of a capacitive field-effect sensor array JF - Physica Status Solidi A N2 - In comparison to single-analyte devices, multiplexed systems for a multianalyte detection offer a reduced assay time and sample volume, low cost, and high throughput. Herein, a multiplexing platform for an automated quasi-simultaneous characterization of multiple (up to 16) capacitive field-effect sensors by the capacitive–voltage (C–V) and the constant-capacitance (ConCap) mode is presented. The sensors are mounted in a newly designed multicell arrangement with one common reference electrode and are electrically connected to the impedance analyzer via the base station. A Python script for the automated characterization of the sensors executes the user-defined measurement protocol. The developed multiplexing system is tested for pH measurements and the label-free detection of ligand-stabilized, charged gold nanoparticles. KW - Capacitive field-effect sensor KW - Gold nanoparticles KW - Label-free detection KW - Multicell KW - Multiplexing Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202300265 SN - 1862-6300 (Print) SN - 1862-6319 (Online) N1 - Corresponding author: Michael Josef Schöning VL - 220 IS - 22 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. A1 - Baumann, Martin ED - Herbig, Nicola ED - Poppelreuter, Stefan T1 - Moderationsexpertise für QMBs – Onlinemoderation T2 - Qualitätsmanagement im Gesundheitswesen N2 - Damit Sie auch in den immer häufiger werdenden Onlineveranstaltungen als Moderator gut bestehen, sollten Sie wissen, was bei der Onlinemoderation im Besonderen zu beachten ist. In diesem dritten Teil der Beitragsserie erfahren Sie, warum online anders als offline ist. Die technischen Möglichkeiten werden vorgestellt und auch wie diese zu nutzen sind. Schließlich erhalten Sie Tipps, die Sie beim Sprechen online beachten sollten. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8249-0714-4 SP - Kapitel 10816 PB - TÜV-Verlag CY - Köln ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. ED - Lindinger, Markus ED - Bartsch, Oliver T1 - Moderationsexpertise – Onlinemoderation T2 - IT-Servicemanagement N2 - Damit Sie auch in den immer häufiger werdenden Onlineveranstaltungen als Moderator gut bestehen, sollten Sie wissen, was bei der Onlinemoderation im Besonderen zu beachten ist. In diesem dritten Teil der Beitragsserie erfahren Sie, warum online anders als offline ist. Die technischen Möglichkeiten werden vorgestellt und auch wie diese zu nutzen sind. Schließlich erhalten Sie Tipps, die Sie beim Sprechen online beachten sollten. Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-3-8249-1154-7 SP - Kapitel 05532 PB - TÜV-Verlag CY - Köln ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Werfel, Stanislas A1 - Günthner, Roman A1 - Hapfelmeier, Alexander A1 - Hanssen, Henner A1 - Kotliar, Konstantin A1 - Heemann, Uwe A1 - Schmaderer, Christoph ED - Guzik, Tomasz J. T1 - Identification of cardiovascular high-risk groups from dynamic retinal vessel signals using untargeted machine learning JF - Cardiovascular Research N2 - Dynamic retinal vessel analysis (DVA) provides a non-invasive way to assess microvascular function in patients and potentially to improve predictions of individual cardiovascular (CV) risk. The aim of our study was to use untargeted machine learning on DVA in order to improve CV mortality prediction and identify corresponding response alterations. KW - Machine learning KW - Retinal vessels KW - Microcirculation KW - Haemodialysis KW - Myocardial infarction and cardiac death Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvab040 SN - 0008-6363 VL - 118 IS - 2 SP - 612 EP - 621 PB - Oxford University Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malinowski, Daniel A1 - Fournier, Yvan A1 - Horbach, Andreas A1 - Frick, Michael A1 - Magliani, Mirko A1 - Kalverkamp, Sebastian A1 - Hildinger, Martin A1 - Spillner, Jan A1 - Behbahani, Mehdi A1 - Hima, Flutura T1 - Computational fluid dynamics analysis of endoluminal aortic perfusion JF - Perfusion N2 - Introduction: In peripheral percutaneous (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) procedures the femoral arteries perfusion route has inherent disadvantages regarding poor upper body perfusion due to watershed. With the advent of new long flexible cannulas an advancement of the tip up to the ascending aorta has become feasible. To investigate the impact of such long endoluminal cannulas on upper body perfusion, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study was performed considering different support levels and three cannula positions. Methods: An idealized literature-based- and a real patient proximal aortic geometry including an endoluminal cannula were constructed. The blood flow was considered continuous. Oxygen saturation was set to 80% for the blood coming from the heart and to 100% for the blood leaving the cannula. 50% and 90% venoarterial support levels from the total blood flow rate of 6 l/min were investigated for three different positions of the cannula in the aortic arch. Results: For both geometries, the placement of the cannula in the ascending aorta led to a superior oxygenation of all aortic blood vessels except for the left coronary artery. Cannula placements at the aortic arch and descending aorta could support supra-aortic arteries, but not the coronary arteries. All positions were able to support all branches with saturated blood at 90% flow volume. Conclusions: In accordance with clinical observations CFD analysis reveals, that retrograde advancement of a long endoluminal cannula can considerably improve the oxygenation of the upper body and lead to oxygen saturation distributions similar to those of a central cannulation. KW - computational fluid dynamics analysis KW - simulation KW - endoluminal KW - aortic perfusion KW - extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02676591221099809 SN - 1477-111X VL - 0 IS - 0 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Sage CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lenz, Maximilian A1 - Kahmann, Stephanie Lucina A1 - Behbahani, Mehdi A1 - Pennig, Lenhard A1 - Hackl, Michael A1 - Leschinger, Tim A1 - Müller, Lars Peter A1 - Wegmann, Kilian T1 - Influence of rotator cuff preload on fracture configuration in proximal humerus fractures: a proof of concept for fracture simulation JF - Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery N2 - Introduction In regard of surgical training, the reproducible simulation of life-like proximal humerus fractures in human cadaveric specimens is desirable. The aim of the present study was to develop a technique that allows simulation of realistic proximal humerus fractures and to analyse the influence of rotator cuff preload on the generated lesions in regards of fracture configuration. Materials and methods Ten cadaveric specimens (6 left, 4 right) were fractured using a custom-made drop-test bench, in two groups. Five specimens were fractured without rotator cuff preload, while the other five were fractured with the tendons of the rotator cuff preloaded with 2 kg each. The humeral shaft and the shortened scapula were potted. The humerus was positioned at 90° of abduction and 10° of internal rotation to simulate a fall on the elevated arm. In two specimens of each group, the emergence of the fractures was documented with high-speed video imaging. Pre-fracture radiographs were taken to evaluate the deltoid-tuberosity index as a measure of bone density. Post-fracture X-rays and CT scans were performed to define the exact fracture configurations. Neer’s classification was used to analyse the fractures. Results In all ten cadaveric specimens life-like proximal humerus fractures were achieved. Two III-part and three IV-part fractures resulted in each group. The preloading of the rotator cuff muscles had no further influence on the fracture configuration. High-speed videos of the fracture simulation revealed identical fracture mechanisms for both groups. We observed a two-step fracture mechanism, with initial impaction of the head segment against the glenoid followed by fracturing of the head and the tuberosities and then with further impaction of the shaft against the acromion, which lead to separation of the tuberosities. Conclusion A high energetic axial impulse can reliably induce realistic proximal humerus fractures in cadaveric specimens. The preload of the rotator cuff muscles had no influence on initial fracture configuration. Therefore, fracture simulation in the proximal humerus is less elaborate. Using the presented technique, pre-fractured specimens are available for real-life surgical education. KW - Proximal humerus fracture KW - Biomechanical simulation KW - Fracture configuration KW - Fracture simulation KW - Rotator cuff Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00402-022-04471-9 SN - 1434-3916 PB - Springer CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Chloé, Radermacher A1 - Malyaran, Hanna A1 - Craveiro, Rogerio Bastos A1 - Peglow, Sarah A1 - Behbahani, Mehdi A1 - Pufe, Thomas A1 - Wolf, Michael A1 - Neuss, Sabine T1 - Mechanical loading on cementoblasts: a mini review JF - Osteologie N2 - Orthodontic treatments are concomitant with mechanical forces and thereby cause teeth movements. The applied forces are transmitted to the tooth root and the periodontal ligaments which is compressed on one side and tensed up on the other side. Indeed, strong forces can lead to tooth root resorption and the crown-to-tooth ratio is reduced with the potential for significant clinical impact. The cementum, which covers the tooth root, is a thin mineralized tissue of the periodontium that connects the periodontal ligament with the tooth and is build up by cementoblasts. The impact of tension and compression on these cells is investigated in several in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrating differences in protein expression and signaling pathways. In summary, osteogenic marker changes indicate that cyclic tensile forces support whereas static tension inhibits cementogenesis. Furthermore, cementogenesis experiences the same protein expression changes in static conditions as static tension, but cyclic compression leads to the exact opposite of cyclic tension. Consistent with marker expression changes, the singaling pathways of Wnt/ß-catenin and RANKL/OPG show that tissue compression leads to cementum degradation and tension forces to cementogenesis. However, the cementum, and in particular its cementoblasts, remain a research area which should be explored in more detail to understand the underlying mechanism of bone resorption and remodeling after orthodontic treatments. KW - Cementoblast KW - Compression KW - Tension KW - Mechanotransduction KW - Forces Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1826-0777 SN - 1019-1291 VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 111 EP - 118 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Büsgen, André A1 - Klöser, Lars A1 - Kohl, Philipp A1 - Schmidts, Oliver A1 - Kraft, Bodo A1 - Zündorf, Albert T1 - Exploratory analysis of chat-based black market profiles with natural language processing T2 - Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications N2 - Messenger apps like WhatsApp or Telegram are an integral part of daily communication. Besides the various positive effects, those services extend the operating range of criminals. Open trading groups with many thousand participants emerged on Telegram. Law enforcement agencies monitor suspicious users in such chat rooms. This research shows that text analysis, based on natural language processing, facilitates this through a meaningful domain overview and detailed investigations. We crawled a corpus from such self-proclaimed black markets and annotated five attribute types products, money, payment methods, user names, and locations. Based on each message a user sends, we extract and group these attributes to build profiles. Then, we build features to cluster the profiles. Pretrained word vectors yield better unsupervised clustering results than current state-of-the-art transformer models. The result is a semantically meaningful high-level overview of the user landscape of black market chatrooms. Additionally, the extracted structured information serves as a foundation for further data exploration, for example, the most active users or preferred payment methods. KW - Clustering KW - Natural Language Processing KW - Information Extraction KW - Profile Extraction KW - Text Mining Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-989-758-583-8 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0011271400003269 SN - 2184-285X SP - 83 EP - 94 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Jules A1 - Schwabedal, Justus T. C. A1 - Bialonski, Stephan T1 - Schlafspindeln – Funktion, Detektion und Nutzung als Biomarker für die psychiatrische Diagnostik JF - Der Nervenarzt N2 - Hintergrund: Die Schlafspindel ist ein Graphoelement des Elektroenzephalogramms (EEG), das im Leicht- und Tiefschlaf beobachtet werden kann. Veränderungen der Spindelaktivität wurden für verschiedene psychiatrische Erkrankungen beschrieben. Schlafspindeln zeigen aufgrund ihrer relativ konstanten Eigenschaften Potenzial als Biomarker in der psychiatrischen Diagnostik. Methode: Dieser Beitrag liefert einen Überblick über den Stand der Wissenschaft zu Eigenschaften und Funktionen der Schlafspindeln sowie über beschriebene Veränderungen der Spindelaktivität bei psychiatrischen Erkrankungen. Verschiedene methodische Ansätze und Ausblicke zur Spindeldetektion werden hinsichtlich deren Anwendungspotenzial in der psychiatrischen Diagnostik erläutert. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung: Während Veränderungen der Spindelaktivität bei psychiatrischen Erkrankungen beschrieben wurden, ist deren exaktes Potenzial für die psychiatrische Diagnostik noch nicht ausreichend erforscht. Diesbezüglicher Erkenntnisgewinn wird in der Forschung gegenwärtig durch ressourcenintensive und fehleranfällige Methoden zur manuellen oder automatisierten Spindeldetektion ausgebremst. Neuere Detektionsansätze, die auf Deep-Learning-Verfahren basieren, könnten die Schwierigkeiten bisheriger Detektionsmethoden überwinden und damit neue Möglichkeiten für die praktisch KW - Schlafspindeldetektion KW - Psychiatrische Biomarker KW - · Psychiatrische Erkrankungen/Diagnostik KW - Elektroenzephalographie KW - Deep Learning Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00115-022-01340-z SN - 1433-0407 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Springer CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pourshahidi, Ali Mohammad A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. A1 - Offenhäusser, Andreas A1 - Krause, Hans-Joachim T1 - Resolving ambiguities in core size determination of magnetic nanoparticles from magnetic frequency mixing data JF - Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials N2 - Frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) has been widely utilized as a measurement technique in magnetic immunoassays. It can also be used for the characterization and distinction (also known as “colourization”) of different types of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) based on their core sizes. In a previous work, it was shown that the large particles contribute most of the FMMD signal. This leads to ambiguities in core size determination from fitting since the contribution of the small-sized particles is almost undetectable among the strong responses from the large ones. In this work, we report on how this ambiguity can be overcome by modelling the signal intensity using the Langevin model in thermodynamic equilibrium including a lognormal core size distribution fL(dc,d0,σ) fitted to experimentally measured FMMD data of immobilized MNPs. For each given median diameter d0, an ambiguous amount of best-fitting pairs of parameters distribution width σ and number of particles Np with R2 > 0.99 are extracted. By determining the samples’ total iron mass, mFe, with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), we are then able to identify the one specific best-fitting pair (σ, Np) one uniquely. With this additional externally measured parameter, we resolved the ambiguity in core size distribution and determined the parameters (d0, σ, Np) directly from FMMD measurements, allowing precise MNPs sample characterization. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.169969 SN - 0304-8853 VL - 563 IS - In progress, Art. No. 169969 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. A1 - Pourshahidi, Mohammad Ali A1 - Shalaby, Ahmed A1 - Krause, Hans-Joachim T1 - Probing particle size dependency of frequency mixing magnetic detection with dynamic relaxation simulation JF - Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials N2 - Biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) fundamentally rely on the particles’ magnetic relaxation as a response to an alternating magnetic field. The magnetic relaxation complexly depends on the interplay of MNP magnetic and physical properties with the applied field parameters. It is commonly accepted that particle core size is a major contributor to signal generation in all the above applications, however, most MNP samples comprise broad distribution spanning nm and more. Therefore, precise knowledge of the exact contribution of individual core sizes to signal generation is desired for optimal MNP design generally for each application. Specifically, we present a magnetic relaxation simulation-driven analysis of experimental frequency mixing magnetic detection (FMMD) for biosensing to quantify the contributions of individual core size fractions towards signal generation. Applying our method to two different experimental MNP systems, we found the most dominant contributions from approx. 20 nm sized particles in the two independent MNP systems. Additional comparison between freely suspended and immobilized MNP also reveals insight in the MNP microstructure, allowing to use FMMD for MNP characterization, as well as to further fine-tune its applicability in biosensing. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2022.169965 SN - 0304-8853 VL - 563 IS - In progress, Art. No. 169965 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Philipp, Mohr A1 - Efthimiou, Nikos A1 - Pagano, Fiammetta A1 - Kratochwil, Nicolaus A1 - Pizzichemi, Marco A1 - Tsoumpas, Charalampos A1 - Auffray, Etiennette A1 - Ziemons, Karl T1 - Image reconstruction analysis for positron emission tomography with heterostructured scintillators JF - IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences N2 - The concept of structure engineering has been proposed for exploring the next generation of radiation detectors with improved performance. A TOF-PET geometry with heterostructured scintillators with a pixel size of 3.0×3.1×15 mm3 was simulated using Monte Carlo. The heterostructures consisted of alternating layers of BGO as a dense material with high stopping power and plastic (EJ232) as a fast light emitter. The detector time resolution was calculated as a function of the deposited and shared energy in both materials on an event-by-event basis. While sensitivity was reduced to 32% for 100 μm thick plastic layers and 52% for 50 μm, the CTR distribution improved to 204±49 ps and 220±41 ps respectively, compared to 276 ps that we considered for bulk BGO. The complex distribution of timing resolutions was accounted for in the reconstruction. We divided the events into three groups based on their CTR and modeled them with different Gaussian TOF kernels. On a NEMA IQ phantom, the heterostructures had better contrast recovery in early iterations. On the other hand, BGO achieved a better contrast to noise ratio (CNR) after the 15th iteration due to the higher sensitivity. The developed simulation and reconstruction methods constitute new tools for evaluating different detector designs with complex time responses. KW - TOF PET KW - Heterostructure KW - Metascintillator KW - Multiple TOF kernels KW - Image Reconstruction Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2022.3208615 SN - 2469-7311 SN - 2469-7303 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 41 EP - 51 PB - IEEE CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uysal, Karya A1 - Creutz, Till A1 - Firat, Ipek Seda A1 - Artmann, Gerhard A1 - Teusch, Nicole A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül T1 - Bio-functionalized ultra-thin, large-area and waterproof silicone membranes for biomechanical cellular loading and compliance experiments JF - Polymers N2 - Biocompatibility, flexibility and durability make polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes top candidates in biomedical applications. CellDrum technology uses large area, <10 µm thin membranes as mechanical stress sensors of thin cell layers. For this to be successful, the properties (thickness, temperature, dust, wrinkles, etc.) must be precisely controlled. The following parameters of membrane fabrication by means of the Floating-on-Water (FoW) method were investigated: (1) PDMS volume, (2) ambient temperature, (3) membrane deflection and (4) membrane mechanical compliance. Significant differences were found between all PDMS volumes and thicknesses tested (p < 0.01). They also differed from the calculated values. At room temperatures between 22 and 26 °C, significant differences in average thickness values were found, as well as a continuous decrease in thicknesses within a 4 °C temperature elevation. No correlation was found between the membrane thickness groups (between 3–4 µm) in terms of deflection and compliance. We successfully present a fabrication method for thin bio-functionalized membranes in conjunction with a four-step quality management system. The results highlight the importance of tight regulation of production parameters through quality control. The use of membranes described here could also become the basis for material testing on thin, viscous layers such as polymers, dyes and adhesives, which goes far beyond biological applications. Y1 - 2022 SN - 2073-4360 VL - 14 IS - 11 SP - 2213 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tran, Ngoc Trinh A1 - Trinh, Tu Luc A1 - Dao, Ngoc Tien A1 - Giap, Van Tan A1 - Truong, Manh Khuyen A1 - Dinh, Thuy Ha A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - Limit and shakedown analysis of structures under random strength T2 - Proceedings of (NACOME2022) The 11th National Conference on Mechanics, Vol. 1. Solid Mechanics, Rock Mechanics, Artificial Intelligence, Teaching and Training, Hanoi, December 2-3, 2022 N2 - Direct methods comprising limit and shakedown analysis is a branch of computational mechanics. It plays a significant role in mechanical and civil engineering design. The concept of direct method aims to determinate the ultimate load bearing capacity of structures beyond the elastic range. For practical problems, the direct methods lead to nonlinear convex optimization problems with a large number of variables and onstraints. If strength and loading are random quantities, the problem of shakedown analysis is considered as stochastic programming. This paper presents a method so called chance constrained programming, an effective method of stochastic programming, to solve shakedown analysis problem under random condition of strength. In this our investigation, the loading is deterministic, the strength is distributed as normal or lognormal variables. KW - Reliability of structures KW - Stochastic programming KW - Chance constrained programming KW - Shakedown analysis KW - Limit analysis Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-604-357-084-7 SP - 510 EP - 518 PB - Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc tu nhien va Cong nghe (Verlag Naturwissenschaft und Technik) CY - Hanoi ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Welden, Melanie A1 - Severins, Robin A1 - Poghossian, Arshak A1 - Wege, Christina A1 - Siegert, Petra A1 - Keusgen, Michael A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Studying the immobilization of acetoin reductase with Tobacco mosaic virus particles on capacitive field-effect sensors T2 - 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN) N2 - A capacitive electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EISCAP) biosensor modified with Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles for the detection of acetoin is presented. The enzyme acetoin reductase (AR) was immobilized on the surface of the EISCAP using TMV particles as nanoscaffolds. The study focused on the optimization of the TMV-assisted AR immobilization on the Ta 2 O 5 -gate EISCAP surface. The TMV-assisted acetoin EISCAPs were electrochemically characterized by means of leakage-current, capacitance-voltage, and constant-capacitance measurements. The TMV-modified transducer surface was studied via scanning electron microscopy. KW - Tobacco mosaic virus KW - acetoin KW - capacitive field-effect biosensor KW - enzyme immobilization Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-1-6654-5860-3 (Online) SN - 978-1-6654-5861-0 (Print) U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ISOEN54820.2022.9789657 N1 - IEEE International Symposium on Olfaction and Electronic Nose (ISOEN), 29 May 2022 - 01 June 2022, Aveiro, Portugal. PB - IEEE ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Laack, Walter van T1 - Greater Than the Entire Universe Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-936624-52-6 PB - van Laack GmbH CY - Aachen ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Laack, Walter van T1 - Aufruf zum Nachdenken: Corona und neue Kriege – Wie kann die Menschheit überleben? T1 - Call for Reflection: Corona and New Wars – How can Mankind survive? Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-936624-56-4 N1 - Dritter Band der Buchreihe “Vorträge & Einsichten – Lectures & Insights” und hier das zweite “Upside-Down-Buch”: Deutsche und englische Version in einem Buch. PB - van Laack GmbH CY - Aachen ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Laack, Walter van T1 - Schnittstelle Tod: Was lernen wir durch Corona über Leben und Tod? Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-936624-53-3 N1 - Siebter Tagungsband aus der Buchreihe “Schnittstelle Tod” PB - van Laack GmbH CY - Aachen ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. T1 - Zielführend moderieren N2 - In der Teamarbeit wird Moderation zum Erfolgsfaktor, der jedoch häufig unterschätzt wird. Ausgehend vom persönlichen Kompetenzniveau verknüpft dieses Buch Grundlagen und Methoden zu Wegen, um Ihre persönliche Entwicklung individuell zu begleiten: Neulinge finden hilfreiche Checklisten und Basistechniken für ihre ersten Moderationen, Fortgeschrittene wertvolle Praxistipps und Methoden für den Ausbau ihrer Moderationskompetenz. Profis schließlich genießen eine raffinierte Aussicht auf weniger bekannte Techniken und neue Anwendungen. Weiterführende Exkurse zum Meeting-Management und zur Online-Moderation runden den Anwendungshorizont ab. Ob in Beruf, Studium oder Ehrenamt – derart ausgestattet gelingen Ihre eigene sowie die Entwicklung Ihres Teams durch zielführende Moderationen. Y1 - 2022 SN - 9783838556895 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.36198/9783838556895 PB - UVK Verlag CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Topçu, Murat A1 - Madabhushi, Gopal S.P. A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - A generalized shear-lag theory for elastic stress transfer between matrix and fibres having a variable radius JF - International Journal of Solids and Structures N2 - A generalized shear-lag theory for fibres with variable radius is developed to analyse elastic fibre/matrix stress transfer. The theory accounts for the reinforcement of biological composites, such as soft tissue and bone tissue, as well as for the reinforcement of technical composite materials, such as fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP). The original shear-lag theory proposed by Cox in 1952 is generalized for fibres with variable radius and with symmetric and asymmetric ends. Analytical solutions are derived for the distribution of axial and interfacial shear stress in cylindrical and elliptical fibres, as well as conical and paraboloidal fibres with asymmetric ends. Additionally, the distribution of axial and interfacial shear stress for conical and paraboloidal fibres with symmetric ends are numerically predicted. The results are compared with solutions from axisymmetric finite element models. A parameter study is performed, to investigate the suitability of alternative fibre geometries for use in FRP. KW - Natural fibres KW - Polymer-matrix composites KW - Biocomposites KW - Stress concentrations KW - Finite element analysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2022.111464 SN - 0020-7683 VL - 239–240 IS - Art. No. 111464 PB - Elsevier CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mandekar, Swati A1 - Holland, Abigail A1 - Thielen, Moritz A1 - Behbahani, Mehdi A1 - Melnykowycz, Mark T1 - Advancing towards Ubiquitous EEG, Correlation of In-Ear EEG with Forehead EEG JF - Sensors N2 - Wearable EEG has gained popularity in recent years driven by promising uses outside of clinics and research. The ubiquitous application of continuous EEG requires unobtrusive form-factors that are easily acceptable by the end-users. In this progression, wearable EEG systems have been moving from full scalp to forehead and recently to the ear. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that emerging ear-EEG provides similar impedance and signal properties as established forehead EEG. EEG data using eyes-open and closed alpha paradigm were acquired from ten healthy subjects using generic earpieces fitted with three custom-made electrodes and a forehead electrode (at Fpx) after impedance analysis. Inter-subject variability in in-ear electrode impedance ranged from 20 kΩ to 25 kΩ at 10 Hz. Signal quality was comparable with an SNR of 6 for in-ear and 8 for forehead electrodes. Alpha attenuation was significant during the eyes-open condition in all in-ear electrodes, and it followed the structure of power spectral density plots of forehead electrodes, with the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.92 between in-ear locations ELE (Left Ear Superior) and ERE (Right Ear Superior) and forehead locations, Fp1 and Fp2, respectively. The results indicate that in-ear EEG is an unobtrusive alternative in terms of impedance, signal properties and information content to established forehead EEG. KW - in-ear EEG KW - correlation KW - forehead EEG KW - impedance spectroscopy KW - biopotential electrodes Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041568 SN - 1424-8220 VL - 22 IS - 4 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Defosse, Jerome A1 - Kleinschmidt, Joris A1 - Schmutz, Axel A1 - Loop, Torsten A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Gatzweiler, Karl-Heinz A1 - Wappler, Frank A1 - Schieren, Mark T1 - Dental strain on maxillary incisors during tracheal intubation with double-lumen tubes and different laryngoscopy techniques - a blinded manikin study JF - Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia KW - anaesthetic complications KW - dental trauma KW - difficult airway KW - double-lumen tube intubation KW - videolaryngoscopy Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2022.02.017 SN - 1053-0770 VL - 36 IS - 8, Part B SP - 3021 EP - 3027 PB - Elsevier CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rübbelke, Dirk A1 - Vögele, Stefan A1 - Grajewski, Matthias A1 - Zobel, Luzy T1 - Hydrogen-based steel production and global climate protection: An empirical analysis of the potential role of a European cross border adjustment mechanism JF - Journal of Cleaner Production N2 - The European Union's aim to become climate neutral by 2050 necessitates ambitious efforts to reduce carbon emissions. Large reductions can be attained particularly in energy intensive sectors like iron and steel. In order to prevent the relocation of such industries outside the EU in the course of tightening environmental regulations, the establishment of a climate club jointly with other large emitters and alternatively the unilateral implementation of an international cross-border carbon tax mechanism are proposed. This article focuses on the latter option choosing the steel sector as an example. In particular, we investigate the financial conditions under which a European cross border mechanism is capable to protect hydrogen-based steel production routes employed in Europe against more polluting competition from abroad. By using a floor price model, we assess the competitiveness of different steel production routes in selected countries. We evaluate the climate friendliness of steel production on the basis of specific GHG emissions. In addition, we utilize an input-output price model. It enables us to assess impacts of rising cost of steel production on commodities using steel as intermediates. Our results raise concerns that a cross-border tax mechanism will not suffice to bring about competitiveness of hydrogen-based steel production in Europe because the cost tends to remain higher than the cost of steel production in e.g. China. Steel is a classic example for a good used mainly as intermediate for other products. Therefore, a cross-border tax mechanism for steel will increase the price of products produced in the EU that require steel as an input. This can in turn adversely affect competitiveness of these sectors. Hence, the effects of higher steel costs on European exports should be borne in mind and could require the cross-border adjustment mechanism to also subsidize exports. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135040 SN - 0959-6526 VL - 380 IS - Part 2, Art. Nr.:135040 PB - Elsevier ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Blaneck, Patrick Gustav A1 - Bornheim, Tobias A1 - Grieger, Niklas A1 - Bialonski, Stephan T1 - Automatic readability assessment of german sentences with transformer ensembles T2 - Proceedings of the GermEval 2022 Workshop on Text Complexity Assessment of German Text N2 - Reliable methods for automatic readability assessment have the potential to impact a variety of fields, ranging from machine translation to self-informed learning. Recently, large language models for the German language (such as GBERT and GPT-2-Wechsel) have become available, allowing to develop Deep Learning based approaches that promise to further improve automatic readability assessment. In this contribution, we studied the ability of ensembles of fine-tuned GBERT and GPT-2-Wechsel models to reliably predict the readability of German sentences. We combined these models with linguistic features and investigated the dependence of prediction performance on ensemble size and composition. Mixed ensembles of GBERT and GPT-2-Wechsel performed better than ensembles of the same size consisting of only GBERT or GPT-2-Wechsel models. Our models were evaluated in the GermEval 2022 Shared Task on Text Complexity Assessment on data of German sentences. On out-of-sample data, our best ensemble achieved a root mean squared error of 0:435. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2209.04299 N1 - Proceedings of the 18th Conference on Natural Language Processing/Konferenz zur Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache (KONVENS 2022) 12-15 September, 2022 University of Potsdam Potsdam, Germany SP - 57 EP - 62 PB - Association for Computational Linguistics CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bhattarai, Aroj A1 - May, Charlotte Anabell A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Kowalczyk, Wojciech A1 - Tran, Thanh Ngoc T1 - Layer-specific damage modeling of porcine large intestine under biaxial tension JF - Bioengineering N2 - The mechanical behavior of the large intestine beyond the ultimate stress has never been investigated. Stretching beyond the ultimate stress may drastically impair the tissue microstructure, which consequently weakens its healthy state functions of absorption, temporary storage, and transportation for defecation. Due to closely similar microstructure and function with humans, biaxial tensile experiments on the porcine large intestine have been performed in this study. In this paper, we report hyperelastic characterization of the large intestine based on experiments in 102 specimens. We also report the theoretical analysis of the experimental results, including an exponential damage evolution function. The fracture energies and the threshold stresses are set as damage material parameters for the longitudinal muscular, the circumferential muscular and the submucosal collagenous layers. A biaxial tensile simulation of a linear brick element has been performed to validate the applicability of the estimated material parameters. The model successfully simulates the biomechanical response of the large intestine under physiological and non-physiological loads. KW - biaxial tensile experiment KW - anisotropy KW - hyperelastic KW - constitutive modeling KW - damage Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100528 SN - 2306-5354 N1 - Der Artikel gehört zum Sonderheft "Computational Biomechanics" VL - 9 IS - 10, Early Access SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Colombo, Daniele A1 - Drira, Slah A1 - Frotscher, Ralf A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - An element-based formulation for ES-FEM and FS-FEM models for implementation in standard solid mechanics finite element codes for 2D and 3D static analysis JF - International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering N2 - Edge-based and face-based smoothed finite element methods (ES-FEM and FS-FEM, respectively) are modified versions of the finite element method allowing to achieve more accurate results and to reduce sensitivity to mesh distortion, at least for linear elements. These properties make the two methods very attractive. However, their implementation in a standard finite element code is nontrivial because it requires heavy and extensive modifications to the code architecture. In this article, we present an element-based formulation of ES-FEM and FS-FEM methods allowing to implement the two methods in a standard finite element code with no modifications to its architecture. Moreover, the element-based formulation permits to easily manage any type of element, especially in 3D models where, to the best of the authors' knowledge, only tetrahedral elements are used in FS-FEM applications found in the literature. Shape functions for non-simplex 3D elements are proposed in order to apply FS-FEM to any standard finite element. KW - distorted element KW - ES-FEM KW - FS-FEM KW - non-simplex S-FEM elements KW - S-FEM Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.7126 SN - 1097-0207 VL - 124 IS - 2 SP - 402 EP - 433 PB - Wiley CY - Chichester ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kotliar, Konstantin A1 - Ortner, Marion A1 - Conradi, Anna A1 - Hacker, Patricia A1 - Hauser, Christine A1 - Günthner, Roman A1 - Moser, Michaela A1 - Muggenthaler, Claudia A1 - Diehl-Schmid, Janine A1 - Priller, Josef A1 - Schmaderer, Christoph A1 - Grimmer, Timo T1 - Altered retinal cerebral vessel oscillation frequencies in Alzheimer's disease compatible with impaired amyloid clearance JF - Neurobiology of Aging N2 - Retinal vessels are similar to cerebral vessels in their structure and function. Moderately low oscillation frequencies of around 0.1 Hz have been reported as the driving force for paravascular drainage in gray matter in mice and are known as the frequencies of lymphatic vessels in humans. We aimed to elucidate whether retinal vessel oscillations are altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD) at the stage of dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Seventeen patients with mild-to-moderate dementia due to AD (ADD); 23 patients with MCI due to AD, and 18 cognitively healthy controls (HC) were examined using Dynamic Retinal Vessel Analyzer. Oscillatory temporal changes of retinal vessel diameters were evaluated using mathematical signal analysis. Especially at moderately low frequencies around 0.1 Hz, arterial oscillations in ADD and MCI significantly prevailed over HC oscillations and correlated with disease severity. The pronounced retinal arterial vasomotion at moderately low frequencies in the ADD and MCI groups would be compatible with the view of a compensatory upregulation of paravascular drainage in AD and strengthen the amyloid clearance hypothesis. KW - Alzheimer's disease KW - Retinal vessel analysis KW - Vasomotions KW - Pulsations KW - Mild cognitive impairment Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.08.012 SN - 0197-4580 VL - 120 SP - 117 EP - 127 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Molinnus, Denise A1 - Janus, Kevin Alexander A1 - Fang, Anyelina C. A1 - Drinic, Aleksander A1 - Achtsnicht, Stefan A1 - Köpf, Marius A1 - Keusgen, Michael A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Thick-film carbon electrode deposited onto a biodegradable fibroin substrate for biosensing applications JF - Physica status solidi (a) N2 - This study addresses a proof-of-concept experiment with a biocompatible screen-printed carbon electrode deposited onto a biocompatible and biodegradable substrate, which is made of fibroin, a protein derived from silk of the Bombyx mori silkworm. To demonstrate the sensor performance, the carbon electrode is functionalized as a glucose biosensor with the enzyme glucose oxidase and encapsulated with a silicone rubber to ensure biocompatibility of the contact wires. The carbon electrode is fabricated by means of thick-film technology including a curing step to solidify the carbon paste. The influence of the curing temperature and curing time on the electrode morphology is analyzed via scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical characterization of the glucose biosensor is performed by amperometric/voltammetric measurements of different glucose concentrations in phosphate buffer. Herein, systematic studies at applied potentials from 500 to 1200 mV to the carbon working electrode (vs the Ag/AgCl reference electrode) allow to determine the optimal working potential. Additionally, the influence of the curing parameters on the glucose sensitivity is examined over a time period of up to 361 days. The sensor shows a negligible cross-sensitivity toward ascorbic acid, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. The developed biocompatible biosensor is highly promising for future in vivo and epidermal applications. KW - biocompatible materials KW - biodegradable electronic devices KW - biosensors KW - carbon electrodes KW - glucose Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202200100 SN - 1862-6319 N1 - Corresponding author: Michael J. Schöning VL - 219 IS - 23 SP - 1 EP - 9 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Akimbekov, Nuraly S. A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Razzaque, Mohammed S. T1 - Role of vitamins in maintaining structure and function of intestinal microbiome T2 - Comprehensive Gut Microbiota N2 - The recent advances in microbiology have shed light on understanding the role of vitamins beyond the nutritional range. Vitamins are critical in contributing to healthy biodiversity and maintaining the proper function of gut microbiota. The sharing of vitamins among bacterial populations promotes stability in community composition and diversity; however, this balance becomes disturbed in various pathologies. Here, we overview and analyze the ability of different vitamins to selectively and specifically induce changes in the intestinal microbial community. Some schemes and regularities become visible, which may provide new insights and avenues for therapeutic management and functional optimization of the gut microbiota. KW - Vitamin A KW - Vitamin B KW - Thiamine KW - Riboflavin KW - Niacin Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-12-822036-8 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819265-8.00043-7 SP - 320 EP - 334 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Akimbekov, Nuraly S. A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Sherelkhan, Dinara K. A1 - Razzaque, Mohammed S. T1 - Vitamin D and Phosphate Interactions in Health and Disease T2 - Phosphate Metabolism N2 - Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium and inorganic phosphate (Pi) homeostasis, maintaining their optimal levels to assure adequate bone mineralization. Vitamin D, as calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D), not only increases intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption but also facilitates their renal reabsorption, leading to elevated serum calcium and phosphate levels. The interaction of 1,25(OH)2D with its receptor (VDR) increases the efficiency of intestinal absorption of calcium to 30–40% and phosphate to nearly 80%. Serum phosphate levels can also influence 1,25 (OH)2D and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels, i.e., higher phosphate concentrations suppress vitamin D activation and stimulate parathyroid hormone (PTH) release, while a high FGF23 serum level leads to reduced vitamin D synthesis. In the vitamin D-deficient state, the intestinal calcium absorption decreases and the secretion of PTH increases, which in turn causes the stimulation of 1,25(OH)2D production, resulting in excessive urinary phosphate loss. Maintenance of phosphate homeostasis is essential as hyperphosphatemia is a risk factor of cardiovascular calcification, chronic kidney diseases (CKD), and premature aging, while hypophosphatemia is usually associated with rickets and osteomalacia. This chapter elaborates on the possible interactions between vitamin D and phosphate in health and disease. KW - Vitamin D KW - PTH KW - Phosphate KW - FGF23 KW - Klotho Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-030-91621-3 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91623-7_5 SP - 37 EP - 46 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Molinnus, Denise A1 - Iken, Heiko A1 - Johnen, Anna Lynn A1 - Richstein, Benjamin A1 - Hellmich, Lena A1 - Poghossian, Arshak A1 - Knoch, Joachim A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Miniaturized pH-Sensitive Field-Effect Capacitors with Ultrathin Ta₂O₅ Films Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition JF - physica status solidi (a) applications and materials science N2 - Miniaturized electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor capacitors (EISCAPs) with ultrathin gate insulators have been studied in terms of their pH-sensitive sensor characteristics: three different EISCAP systems consisting of Al–p-Si–Ta2O5(5 nm), Al–p-Si–Si3N4(1 or 2 nm)–Ta2O5 (5 nm), and Al–p-Si–SiO2(3.6 nm)–Ta2O5(5 nm) layer structures are characterized in buffer solution with different pH values by means of capacitance–voltage and constant capacitance method. The SiO2 and Si3N4 gate insulators are deposited by rapid thermal oxidation and rapid thermal nitridation, respectively, whereas the Ta2O5 film is prepared by atomic layer deposition. All EISCAP systems have a clear pH response, favoring the stacked gate insulators SiO2–Ta2O5 when considering the overall sensor characteristics, while the Si3N4(1 nm)–Ta2O5 stack delivers the largest accumulation capacitance (due to the lower equivalent oxide thickness) and a higher steepness in the slope of the capacitance–voltage curve among the studied stacked gate insulator systems. KW - atomic layer deposition KW - capacitive field-effect sensors KW - pH sensors KW - ultrathin gate insulators Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202100660 SN - 1862-6319 VL - 219 IS - 8 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bhattarai, Aroj A1 - Horbach, Andreas A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Kowalczyk, Wojciech A1 - Tran, Thanh Ngoc T1 - Virgin passive colon biomechanics and a literature review of active contraction constitutive models JF - Biomechanics N2 - The objective of this paper is to present our findings on the biomechanical aspects of the virgin passive anisotropic hyperelasticity of the porcine colon based on equibiaxial tensile experiments. Firstly, the characterization of the intestine tissues is discussed for a nearly incompressible hyperelastic fiber-reinforced Holzapfel–Gasser–Ogden constitutive model in virgin passive loading conditions. The stability of the evaluated material parameters is checked for the polyconvexity of the adopted strain energy function using positive eigenvalue constraints of the Hessian matrix with MATLAB. The constitutive material description of the intestine with two collagen fibers in the submucosal and muscular layer each has been implemented in the FORTRAN platform of the commercial finite element software LS-DYNA, and two equibiaxial tensile simulations are presented to validate the results with the optical strain images obtained from the experiments. Furthermore, this paper also reviews the existing models of the active smooth muscle cells, but these models have not been computationally studied here. The review part shows that the constitutive models originally developed for the active contraction of skeletal muscle based on Hill’s three-element model, Murphy’s four-state cross-bridge chemical kinetic model and Huxley’s sliding-filament hypothesis, which are mainly used for arteries, are appropriate for numerical contraction numerical analysis of the large intestine. KW - virgin passive KW - strain energy function KW - smooth muscle contraction KW - viscoelasticity KW - damage Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics2020013 SN - 2673-7078 VL - 2 IS - 2 SP - 138 EP - 157 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kaulen, Lars A1 - Schwabedal, Justus T. C. A1 - Schneider, Jules A1 - Ritter, Philipp A1 - Bialonski, Stephan T1 - Advanced sleep spindle identification with neural networks JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Sleep spindles are neurophysiological phenomena that appear to be linked to memory formation and other functions of the central nervous system, and that can be observed in electroencephalographic recordings (EEG) during sleep. Manually identified spindle annotations in EEG recordings suffer from substantial intra- and inter-rater variability, even if raters have been highly trained, which reduces the reliability of spindle measures as a research and diagnostic tool. The Massive Online Data Annotation (MODA) project has recently addressed this problem by forming a consensus from multiple such rating experts, thus providing a corpus of spindle annotations of enhanced quality. Based on this dataset, we present a U-Net-type deep neural network model to automatically detect sleep spindles. Our model’s performance exceeds that of the state-of-the-art detector and of most experts in the MODA dataset. We observed improved detection accuracy in subjects of all ages, including older individuals whose spindles are particularly challenging to detect reliably. Our results underline the potential of automated methods to do repetitive cumbersome tasks with super-human performance. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11210-y SN - 2045-2322 N1 - Corresponding author: Stephan Bialonski VL - 12 IS - Article number: 7686 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Tran, Ngoc Trinh T1 - Strain based brittle failure criteria for rocks T2 - Proceedings of (NACOME2022) The 11th National Conference on Mechanics, Vol. 1. Solid Mechanics, Rock Mechanics, Artificial Intelligence, Teaching and Training, Hanoi, December 2-3, 2022 N2 - When confining pressure is low or absent, extensional fractures are typical, with fractures occurring on unloaded planes in rock. These “paradox” fractures can be explained by a phenomenological extension strain failure criterion. In the past, a simple empirical criterion for fracture initiation in brittle rock has been developed. But this criterion makes unrealistic strength predictions in biaxial compression and tension. A new extension strain criterion overcomes this limitation by adding a weighted principal shear component. The weight is chosen, such that the enriched extension strain criterion represents the same failure surface as the Mohr–Coulomb (MC) criterion. Thus, the MC criterion has been derived as an extension strain criterion predicting failure modes, which are unexpected in the understanding of the failure of cohesive-frictional materials. In progressive damage of rock, the most likely fracture direction is orthogonal to the maximum extension strain. The enriched extension strain criterion is proposed as a threshold surface for crack initiation CI and crack damage CD and as a failure surface at peak P. Examples show that the enriched extension strain criterion predicts much lower volumes of damaged rock mass compared to the simple extension strain criterion. KW - Extension fracture KW - Extension strain criterion KW - Mohr–Coulomb criterion KW - Evolution of damage Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-604-357-084-7 SP - 500 EP - 509 PB - Nha xuat ban Khoa hoc tu nhien va Cong nghe (Verlag Naturwissenschaft und Technik) CY - Hanoi ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Röthenbacher, Annika A1 - Cesari, Matteo A1 - Doppler, Christopher E.J. A1 - Okkels, Niels A1 - Willemsen, Nele A1 - Sembowski, Nora A1 - Seger, Aline A1 - Lindner, Marie A1 - Brune, Corinna A1 - Stefani, Ambra A1 - Högl, Birgit A1 - Bialonski, Stephan A1 - Borghammer, Per A1 - Fink, Gereon R. A1 - Schober, Martin A1 - Sommerauer, Michael T1 - RBDtector: an open-source software to detect REM sleep without atonia according to visual scoring criteria JF - Scientific Reports N2 - REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) is a key feature for the diagnosis of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD). We introduce RBDtector, a novel open-source software to score RSWA according to established SINBAR visual scoring criteria. We assessed muscle activity of the mentalis, flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), and anterior tibialis (AT) muscles. RSWA was scored manually as tonic, phasic, and any activity by human scorers as well as using RBDtector in 20 subjects. Subsequently, 174 subjects (72 without RBD and 102 with RBD) were analysed with RBDtector to show the algorithm’s applicability. We additionally compared RBDtector estimates to a previously published dataset. RBDtector showed robust conformity with human scorings. The highest congruency was achieved for phasic and any activity of the FDS. Combining mentalis any and FDS any, RBDtector identified RBD subjects with 100% specificity and 96% sensitivity applying a cut-off of 20.6%. Comparable performance was obtained without manual artefact removal. RBD subjects also showed muscle bouts of higher amplitude and longer duration. RBDtector provides estimates of tonic, phasic, and any activity comparable to human scorings. RBDtector, which is freely available, can help identify RBD subjects and provides reliable RSWA metrics. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25163-9 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 12 IS - Article number: 20886 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tran, Ngoc Trinh A1 - Trinh, Tu Luc A1 - Dao, Ngoc Tien A1 - Giap, Van Tan A1 - Truong, Manh Khuyen A1 - Dinh, Thuy Ha A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - FEM shakedown analysis of structures under random strength with chance constrained programming JF - Vietnam Journal of Mechanics N2 - Direct methods, comprising limit and shakedown analysis, are a branch of computational mechanics. They play a significant role in mechanical and civil engineering design. The concept of direct methods aims to determine the ultimate load carrying capacity of structures beyond the elastic range. In practical problems, the direct methods lead to nonlinear convex optimization problems with a large number of variables and constraints. If strength and loading are random quantities, the shakedown analysis can be formulated as stochastic programming problem. In this paper, a method called chance constrained programming is presented, which is an effective method of stochastic programming to solve shakedown analysis problems under random conditions of strength. In this study, the loading is deterministic, and the strength is a normally or lognormally distributed variable. KW - limit analysis KW - shakedown analysis KW - chance constrained programming KW - stochastic programming KW - reliability of structures Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7136/17943 SN - 0866-7136 SN - 2815-5882 VL - 44 IS - 4 SP - 459 EP - 473 PB - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baringhaus, Ludwig A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - A goodness-of-fit test for the compound Poisson exponential model JF - Journal of Multivariate Analysis N2 - On the basis of bivariate data, assumed to be observations of independent copies of a random vector (S,N), we consider testing the hypothesis that the distribution of (S,N) belongs to the parametric class of distributions that arise with the compound Poisson exponential model. Typically, this model is used in stochastic hydrology, with N as the number of raindays, and S as total rainfall amount during a certain time period, or in actuarial science, with N as the number of losses, and S as total loss expenditure during a certain time period. The compound Poisson exponential model is characterized in the way that a specific transform associated with the distribution of (S,N) satisfies a certain differential equation. Mimicking the function part of this equation by substituting the empirical counterparts of the transform we obtain an expression the weighted integral of the square of which is used as test statistic. We deal with two variants of the latter, one of which being invariant under scale transformations of the S-part by fixed positive constants. Critical values are obtained by using a parametric bootstrap procedure. The asymptotic behavior of the tests is discussed. A simulation study demonstrates the performance of the tests in the finite sample case. The procedure is applied to rainfall data and to an actuarial dataset. A multivariate extension is also discussed. KW - Bootstrapping KW - Collective risk model Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2022.105154 SN - 0047-259X SN - 1095-7243 VL - 195 IS - Article 105154 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. A1 - Baumann, Martin ED - Herbig, Nicola ED - Poppelreuter, Stefan T1 - Moderationsexpertise für QMBs – das Mindset T2 - Qualitätsmanagement im Gesundheitswesen N2 - Teamsitzungen, Arbeitsgruppentreffen, Kickoffs und Meetings – sie alle werden mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, innerhalb einer vorgegebenen Zeitspanne ein gemeinsames Arbeitsziel zu erreichen. Damit die Zielerreichung auch bei komplexeren Arbeitsaufträgen nicht vom Zufall abhängt, empfiehlt es sich, die Leitung des Ablaufs einem Moderator zu übertragen. In diesem Beitrag einer mehrteiligen Serie wird beschrieben, über welches Mindset der Moderator verfügen sollte, welche grundsätzlichen Methoden hilfreich sind und was bei der Onlinemoderation im Besonderen zu beachten ist. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-8249-0714-4 SP - Kapitel 10814 PB - TÜV-Verlag CY - Köln ET - 59. Update ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - On Consistent Hypothesis Testing In General Hilbert Spaces N2 - Inference on the basis of high-dimensional and functional data are two topics which are discussed frequently in the current statistical literature. A possibility to include both topics in a single approach is working on a very general space for the underlying observations, such as a separable Hilbert space. We propose a general method for consistently hypothesis testing on the basis of random variables with values in separable Hilbert spaces. We avoid concerns with the curse of dimensionality due to a projection idea. We apply well-known test statistics from nonparametric inference to the projected data and integrate over all projections from a specific set and with respect to suitable probability measures. In contrast to classical methods, which are applicable for real-valued random variables or random vectors of dimensions lower than the sample size, the tests can be applied to random vectors of dimensions larger than the sample size or even to functional and high-dimensional data. In general, resampling procedures such as bootstrap or permutation are suitable to determine critical values. The idea can be extended to the case of incomplete observations. Moreover, we develop an efficient algorithm for implementing the method. Examples are given for testing goodness-of-fit in a one-sample situation in [1] or for testing marginal homogeneity on the basis of a paired sample in [2]. Here, the test statistics in use can be seen as generalizations of the well-known Cramérvon-Mises test statistics in the one-sample and two-samples case. The treatment of other testing problems is possible as well. By using the theory of U-statistics, for instance, asymptotic null distributions of the test statistics are obtained as the sample size tends to infinity. Standard continuity assumptions ensure the asymptotic exactness of the tests under the null hypothesis and that the tests detect any alternative in the limit. Simulation studies demonstrate size and power of the tests in the finite sample case, confirm the theoretical findings, and are used for the comparison with concurring procedures. A possible application of the general approach is inference for stock market returns, also in high data frequencies. In the field of empirical finance, statistical inference of stock market prices usually takes place on the basis of related log-returns as data. In the classical models for stock prices, i.e., the exponential Lévy model, Black-Scholes model, and Merton model, properties such as independence and stationarity of the increments ensure an independent and identically structure of the data. Specific trends during certain periods of the stock price processes can cause complications in this regard. In fact, our approach can compensate those effects by the treatment of the log-returns as random vectors or even as functional data. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icsta22.157 N1 - Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Statistics: Theory and Applications (ICSTA’22) Prague, Czech Republic – July 28- 30 SP - Paper No. 157 PB - Avestia Publishing CY - Orléans, Kanada ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Angermann, Susanne A1 - Günthner, Roman A1 - Hanssen, Henner A1 - Lorenz, Georg A1 - Braunisch, Matthias C. A1 - Steubl, Dominik A1 - Matschkal, Julia A1 - Kemmner, Stephan A1 - Hausinger, Renate A1 - Block, Zenonas A1 - Haller, Bernhard A1 - Heemann, Uwe A1 - Kotliar, Konstantin A1 - Grimmer, Timo A1 - Schmaderer, Christoph T1 - Cognitive impairment and microvascular function in end-stage renal disease JF - International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research (MPR) N2 - Objective Hemodialysis patients show an approximately threefold higher prevalence of cognitive impairment compared to the age-matched general population. Impaired microcirculatory function is one of the assumed causes. Dynamic retinal vessel analysis is a quantitative method for measuring neurovascular coupling and microvascular endothelial function. We hypothesize that cognitive impairment is associated with altered microcirculation of retinal vessels. Methods 152 chronic hemodialysis patients underwent cognitive testing using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Retinal microcirculation was assessed by Dynamic Retinal Vessel Analysis, which carries out an examination recording retinal vessels' reaction to a flicker light stimulus under standardized conditions. Results In unadjusted as well as in adjusted linear regression analyses a significant association between the visuospatial executive function domain score of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the maximum arteriolar dilation as response of retinal arterioles to the flicker light stimulation was obtained. Conclusion This is the first study determining retinal microvascular function as surrogate for cerebral microvascular function and cognition in hemodialysis patients. The relationship between impairment in executive function and reduced arteriolar reaction to flicker light stimulation supports the involvement of cerebral small vessel disease as contributing factor for the development of cognitive impairment in this patient population and might be a target for noninvasive disease monitoring and therapeutic intervention. KW - cerebral small vessel disease KW - cognitive impairment KW - dialysis KW - retinal vessels Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1909 SN - 1049-8931 (Print) SN - 1557-0657 (Online) VL - 31 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Wiley ER - TY - GEN A1 - Topcu, Murat A1 - Madabhushi, Gopal Santana Phani A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - Datasets from FEM Simulations done with COMSOL Multiphysics and Code_Aster N2 - Datasets from FEM Simulations done with COMSOL Multiphysics and Code_Aster for an elastic stress transfer between matrix and fibres having a variable radius. KW - Natural fibres KW - Polymer-matrix composites KW - Biocomposites KW - Stress concentrations KW - Finite element analysis (FEA) Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19333295.v2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Akimbekov, Nuraly S. A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Tastambek, Kuanysh T. A1 - Marat, Adel K. A1 - Turaliyeva, Moldir A. A1 - Kaiyrmanova, Gulzhan K. T1 - Biotechnology of Microorganisms from Coal Environments: From Environmental Remediation to Energy Production JF - Biology N2 - It was generally believed that coal sources are not favorable as live-in habitats for microorganisms due to their recalcitrant chemical nature and negligible decomposition. However, accumulating evidence has revealed the presence of diverse microbial groups in coal environments and their significant metabolic role in coal biogeochemical dynamics and ecosystem functioning. The high oxygen content, organic fractions, and lignin-like structures of lower-rank coals may provide effective means for microbial attack, still representing a greatly unexplored frontier in microbiology. Coal degradation/conversion technology by native bacterial and fungal species has great potential in agricultural development, chemical industry production, and environmental rehabilitation. Furthermore, native microalgal species can offer a sustainable energy source and an excellent bioremediation strategy applicable to coal spill/seam waters. Additionally, the measures of the fate of the microbial community would serve as an indicator of restoration progress on post-coal-mining sites. This review puts forward a comprehensive vision of coal biodegradation and bioprocessing by microorganisms native to coal environments for determining their biotechnological potential and possible applications. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11091306 SN - 2079-7737 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Microbial Ecology and Evolution in Extreme Environments" VL - 11 IS - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ditzhaus, Marc A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - Testing marginal homogeneity in Hilbert spaces with applications to stock market returns JF - Test N2 - This paper considers a paired data framework and discusses the question of marginal homogeneity of bivariate high-dimensional or functional data. The related testing problem can be endowed into a more general setting for paired random variables taking values in a general Hilbert space. To address this problem, a Cramér–von-Mises type test statistic is applied and a bootstrap procedure is suggested to obtain critical values and finally a consistent test. The desired properties of a bootstrap test can be derived that are asymptotic exactness under the null hypothesis and consistency under alternatives. Simulations show the quality of the test in the finite sample case. A possible application is the comparison of two possibly dependent stock market returns based on functional data. The approach is demonstrated based on historical data for different stock market indices. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11749-022-00802-5 SN - 1863-8260 VL - 2022 IS - 31 SP - 749 EP - 770 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gaigall, Daniel A1 - Gerstenberg, Julian A1 - Trinh, Thi Thu Ha T1 - Empirical process of concomitants for partly categorial data and applications in statistics JF - Bernoulli N2 - On the basis of independent and identically distributed bivariate random vectors, where the components are categorial and continuous variables, respectively, the related concomitants, also called induced order statistic, are considered. The main theoretical result is a functional central limit theorem for the empirical process of the concomitants in a triangular array setting. A natural application is hypothesis testing. An independence test and a two-sample test are investigated in detail. The fairly general setting enables limit results under local alternatives and bootstrap samples. For the comparison with existing tests from the literature simulation studies are conducted. The empirical results obtained confirm the theoretical findings. KW - bootstrap KW - Categorial variable KW - Concomitant KW - Empirical process KW - Independence test Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/21-BEJ1367 SN - 1573-9759 VL - 28 IS - 2 SP - 803 EP - 829 PB - International Statistical Institute CY - Den Haag, NL ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stäudle, Benjamin A1 - Seynnes, Olivier A1 - Laps, Guido A1 - Brüggemann, Gert-Peter A1 - Albracht, Kirsten T1 - Altered gastrocnemius contractile behavior in former achilles tendon rupture patients during walking JF - Frontiers in Physiology N2 - Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) remains associated with functional limitations years after injury. Architectural remodeling of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle is typically observed in the affected leg and may compensate force deficits caused by a longer tendon. Yet patients seem to retain functional limitations during—low-force—walking gait. To explore the potential limits imposed by the remodeled GM muscle-tendon unit (MTU) on walking gait, we examined the contractile behavior of muscle fascicles during the stance phase. In a cross-sectional design, we studied nine former patients (males; age: 45 ± 9 years; height: 180 ± 7 cm; weight: 83 ± 6 kg) with a history of complete unilateral ATR, approximately 4 years post-surgery. Using ultrasonography, GM tendon morphology, muscle architecture at rest, and fascicular behavior were assessed during walking at 1.5 m⋅s–1 on a treadmill. Walking patterns were recorded with a motion capture system. The unaffected leg served as control. Lower limbs kinematics were largely similar between legs during walking. Typical features of ATR-related MTU remodeling were observed during the stance sub-phases corresponding to series elastic element (SEE) lengthening (energy storage) and SEE shortening (energy release), with shorter GM fascicles (36 and 36%, respectively) and greater pennation angles (8° and 12°, respectively). However, relative to the optimal fascicle length for force production, fascicles operated at comparable length in both legs. Similarly, when expressed relative to optimal fascicle length, fascicle contraction velocity was not different between sides, except at the time-point of peak series elastic element (SEE) length, where it was 39 ± 49% lower in the affected leg. Concomitantly, fascicles rotation during contraction was greater in the affected leg during the whole stance-phase, and architectural gear ratios (AGR) was larger during SEE lengthening. Under the present testing conditions, former ATR patients had recovered a relatively symmetrical walking gait pattern. Differences in seen AGR seem to accommodate the profound changes in MTU architecture, limiting the required fascicle shortening velocity. Overall, the contractile behavior of the GM fascicles does not restrict length- or velocity-dependent force potentials during this locomotor task. KW - tendon rupture KW - muscle fascicle behavior KW - walking gait KW - force generation KW - ultrasound imaging Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.792576 SN - 1664-042X VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Quittmann, Oliver J. A1 - Abel, Thomas A1 - Albracht, Kirsten A1 - Strüder, Heiko K. T1 - Biomechanics of all-out handcycling exercise: kinetics, kinematics and muscular activity of a 15-s sprint test in able-bodied participants JF - Sports Biomechanics N2 - This study aims to quantify the kinematics, kinetics and muscular activity of all-out handcycling exercise and examine their alterations during the course of a 15-s sprint test. Twelve able-bodied competitive triathletes performed a 15-s all-out sprint test in a recumbent racing handcycle that was attached to an ergometer. During the sprint test, tangential crank kinetics, 3D joint kinematics and muscular activity of 10 muscles of the upper extremity and trunk were examined using a power metre, motion capturing and surface electromyography (sEMG), respectively. Parameters were compared between revolution one (R1), revolution two (R2), the average of revolution 3 to 13 (R3) and the average of the remaining revolutions (R4). Shoulder abduction and internal-rotation increased, whereas maximal shoulder retroversion decreased during the sprint. Except for the wrist angles, angular velocity increased for every joint of the upper extremity. Several muscles demonstrated an increase in muscular activation, an earlier onset of muscular activation in crank cycle and an increased range of activation. During the course of a 15-s all-out sprint test in handcycling, the shoulder muscles and the muscles associated to the push phase demonstrate indications for short-duration fatigue. These findings are helpful to prevent injuries and improve performance in all-out handcycling. KW - Handbike KW - sEMG KW - Paralympic sport KW - performance testing KW - high-intensity exercise Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2020.1745266 SN - 1752-6116 (Onlineausgabe) SN - 1476-3141 (Druckausgabe) VL - 21 IS - 10 SP - 1200 EP - 1223 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Siegert, Petra A1 - Bongaerts, Johannes A1 - Wagner, Torsten A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Selmer, Thorsten T1 - Abschlussbericht zum Projekt zur Überwachung biotechnologischer Prozesse mittels Diacetyl-/Acetoin-Biosensor und Evaluierung von Acetoin-Reduktasen zur Verwendung in Biotransformationen Y1 - 2022 N1 - Laufzeit: 01.01.2016 – 31.12.2019 (verlängert bis 31.12.2020) Förderkennzeichen: 322-8.03.04.02-FH-Struktur 2016/02 Gefördert durch: Ministerium für Innovation, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen CY - Aachen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Maurer, Florian T1 - Framework to provide a simulative comparison of different energy market designs T2 - Energy Informatics N2 - Useful market simulations are key to the evaluation of diferent market designs existing of multiple market mechanisms or rules. Yet a simulation framework which has a comparison of diferent market mechanisms in mind was not found. The need to create an objective view on different sets of market rules while investigating meaningful agent strategies concludes that such a simulation framework is needed to advance the research on this subject. An overview of diferent existing market simulation models is given which also shows the research gap and the missing capabilities of those systems. Finally, a methodology is outlined how a novel market simulation which can answer the research questions can be developed. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42162-022-00215-6 SN - 2520-8942 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 18 EP - 20 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uysal, Karya A1 - Firat, Ipek Serat A1 - Creutz, Till A1 - Aydin, Inci Cansu A1 - Artmann, Gerhard A1 - Teusch, Nicole A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül T1 - A novel in vitro wound healing assay using free-standing, ultra-thin PDMS membranes JF - membranes N2 - Advances in polymer science have significantly increased polymer applications in life sciences. We report the use of free-standing, ultra-thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes, called CellDrum, as cell culture substrates for an in vitro wound model. Dermal fibroblast monolayers from 28- and 88-year-old donors were cultured on CellDrums. By using stainless steel balls, circular cell-free areas were created in the cell layer (wounding). Sinusoidal strain of 1 Hz, 5% strain, was applied to membranes for 30 min in 4 sessions. The gap circumference and closure rate of un-stretched samples (controls) and stretched samples were monitored over 4 days to investigate the effects of donor age and mechanical strain on wound closure. A significant decrease in gap circumference and an increase in gap closure rate were observed in trained samples from younger donors and control samples from older donors. In contrast, a significant decrease in gap closure rate and an increase in wound circumference were observed in the trained samples from older donors. Through these results, we propose the model of a cell monolayer on stretchable CellDrums as a practical tool for wound healing research. The combination of biomechanical cell loading in conjunction with analyses such as gene/protein expression seems promising beyond the scope published here. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13010022 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Latest Scientific Discoveries in Polymer Membranes" VL - 2023 IS - 13(1) PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thiebes, Anja Lena A1 - Klein, Sarah A1 - Zingsheim, Jonas A1 - Möller, Georg H. A1 - Gürzing, Stefanie A1 - Reddemann, Manuel A. A1 - Behbahani, Mehdi A1 - Cornelissen, Christian G. T1 - Effervescent atomizer as novel cell spray technology to decrease the gas-to-liquid ratio JF - pharmaceutics N2 - Cell spraying has become a feasible application method for cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches. Different devices have been used with varying success. Often, twin-fluid atomizers are used, which require a high gas velocity for optimal aerosolization characteristics. To decrease the amount and velocity of required air, a custom-made atomizer was designed based on the effervescent principle. Different designs were evaluated regarding spray characteristics and their influence on human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. The arithmetic mean diameters of the droplets were 15.4–33.5 µm with decreasing diameters for increasing gas-to-liquid ratios. The survival rate was >90% of the control for the lowest gas-to-liquid ratio. For higher ratios, cell survival decreased to approximately 50%. Further experiments were performed with the design, which had shown the highest survival rates. After seven days, no significant differences in metabolic activity were observed. The apoptosis rates were not influenced by aerosolization, while high gas-to-liquid ratios caused increased necrosis levels. Tri-lineage differentiation potential into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts was not negatively influenced by aerosolization. Thus, the effervescent aerosolization principle was proven suitable for cell applications requiring reduced amounts of supplied air. This is the first time an effervescent atomizer was used for cell processing. KW - tri-lineage differentiation KW - survival KW - twin-fluid atomizer KW - adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) KW - cell atomization KW - cell aerosolization Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14112421 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Stromal, Stem, Signaling Cells: The Multiple Roles and Applications of Mesenchymal Cells" VL - 14 IS - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Herssens, Nolan A1 - Cowburn, James A1 - Albracht, Kirsten A1 - Braunstein, Bjoern A1 - Cazzola, Dario A1 - Colyer, Steffi A1 - Minetti, Alberto E. A1 - Pavei, Gaspare A1 - Rittweger, Jörn A1 - Weber, Tobias A1 - Green, David A. ED - Cattaneo, Luigi T1 - Movement in low gravity environments (MoLo) programme – the MoLo-L.O.O.P. study protocol JF - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science N2 - Exposure to prolonged periods in microgravity is associated with deconditioning of the musculoskeletal system due to chronic changes in mechanical stimulation. Given astronauts will operate on the Lunar surface for extended periods of time, it is critical to quantify both external (e.g., ground reaction forces) and internal (e.g., joint reaction forces) loads of relevant movements performed during Lunar missions. Such knowledge is key to predict musculoskeletal deconditioning and determine appropriate exercise countermeasures associated with extended exposure to hypogravity. Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278051 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 17 IS - 11 PB - Plos CY - San Francisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tran, Ngoc Trinh A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - Direct plastic structural design under random strength and random load by chance constrained programming JF - European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euromechsol.2020.104106 SN - 0997-7538 VL - 85 IS - Article 104106 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alexyuk, Madina A1 - Bogoyavlenskiy, Andrey A1 - Alexyuk, Pavel A1 - Moldakhanov, Yergali A1 - Berezin, Vladimir A1 - Digel, Ilya T1 - Epipelagic microbiome of the Small Aral Sea: Metagenomic structure and ecological diversity JF - MicrobiologyOpen N2 - Microbial diversity studies regarding the aquatic communities that experienced or are experiencing environmental problems are essential for the comprehension of the remediation dynamics. In this pilot study, we present data on the phylogenetic and ecological structure of microorganisms from epipelagic water samples collected in the Small Aral Sea (SAS). The raw data were generated by massive parallel sequencing using the shotgun approach. As expected, most of the identified DNA sequences belonged to Terrabacteria and Actinobacteria (40% and 37% of the total reads, respectively). The occurrence of Deinococcus-Thermus, Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi in the epipelagic SAS waters was less anticipated. Surprising was also the detection of sequences, which are characteristic for strict anaerobes—Ignavibacteria, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, and archaeal methanogenic species. We suppose that the observed very broad range of phylogenetic and ecological features displayed by the SAS reads demonstrates a more intensive mixing of water masses originating from diverse ecological niches of the Aral-Syr Darya River basin than presumed before. KW - ecological structure KW - metagenomics KW - microbial diversity KW - shotgun sequencing KW - Small Aral Sea Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.1142 SN - 2045-8827 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Stölzle-Feix, Sonja A1 - Thomas, Ulrich A1 - Engelstädter, Max A1 - Goßmann, Matthias A1 - Linder, Peter A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Raman, Aravind Hariharan A1 - Jung, Alexander A1 - Fertig, Niels T1 - Plattformtechnologie für kardiale Sicherheitspharmakologie basierend auf teilsynthetischem Herzmuskelgewebe (FLEXcyte) : gemeinsamer FuE-Abschlussbericht aller Partner des Verbundprojektes : Projektlaufzeit: 01.10.2018 bis 30.09.2020 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.2314/KXP:1813208581 N1 - Förderkennzeichen BMBF 02P18K020-021 Verbundnummer 01185221 PB - Nanion Technologies GmbH CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinke, Lars N. A1 - Knicker, Axel J. A1 - Albracht, Kirsten T1 - Test-retest reliability of the internal shoulder rotator muscles' stretch reflex in healthy men JF - Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology N2 - Until now the reproducibility of the short latency stretch reflex of the internal rotator muscles of the glenohumeral joint has not been identified. Twenty-three healthy male participants performed three sets of external shoulder rotation stretches with various pre-activation levels on two different dates of measurement to assess test-retest reliability. All stretches were applied with a dynamometer acceleration of 104°/s2 and a velocity of 150°/s. Electromyographical response was measured via surface EMG. Reflex latencies showed a pre-activation effect (ƞ2 = 0,355). ICC ranged from 0,735 to 0,909 indicating an overall “good” relative reliability. SRD 95% lay between ±7,0 to ±12,3 ms.. The reflex gain showed overall poor test-retest reproducibility. The chosen methodological approach presented a suitable test protocol for shoulder muscles stretch reflex latency evaluation. A proof-of-concept study to validate the presented methodical approach in shoulder involvement including subjects with clinically relevant conditions is recommended. KW - stretch reflex KW - shoulder KW - test-retest reliability KW - intraclass correlation coefficient KW - standard error of measurement Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2021.102611 SN - 1050-6411 VL - 62 IS - Article 102611 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül A1 - Kurulgan demirci, Eylem A1 - Fırat, Ipek Seda A1 - Oflaz, Hakan A1 - Artmann, Gerhard T1 - Recombinant activated protein C (rhAPC) affects lipopolysaccharide-induced mechanical compliance changes and beat frequency of mESC-derived cardiomyocyte monolayers JF - SHOCK KW - Septic cardiomyopathy KW - LPS KW - cardiomyocyte biomechanics KW - CellDrum KW - actin cytoskeleton Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/SHK.0000000000001845 SN - 1540-0514 PB - Wolters Kluwer CY - Köln ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hunker, Jan L. A1 - Gossmann, Matthias A1 - Raman, Aravind Hariharan A1 - Linder, Peter T1 - Artificial neural networks in cardiac safety assessment: Classification of chemotherapeutic compound effects on hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte contractility JF - Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107044 SN - 1056-8719 VL - 111 IS - Article number 107044 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kotliar, Konstantin ED - Pallikaris, I. ED - Tsilimbaris, M. K. ED - Dastiridou, A. I. T1 - Ocular rigidity: clinical approach T2 - Ocular Rigidity, Biomechanics and Hydrodynamics of the Eye N2 - The term ocular rigidity is widely used in clinical ophthalmology. Generally it is assumed as a resistance of the whole eyeball to mechanical deformation and relates to biomechanical properties of the eye and its tissues. Basic principles and formulas for clinical tonometry, tonography and pulsatile ocular blood flow measurements are based on the concept of ocular rigidity. There is evidence for altered ocular rigidity in aging, in several eye diseases and after eye surgery. Unfortunately, there is no consensual view on ocular rigidity: it used to make a quite different sense for different people but still the same name. Foremost there is no clear consent between biomechanical engineers and ophthalmologists on the concept. Moreover ocular rigidity is occasionally characterized using various parameters with their different physical dimensions. In contrast to engineering approach, clinical approach to ocular rigidity claims to characterize the total mechanical response of the eyeball to its deformation without any detailed considerations on eye morphology or material properties of its tissues. Further to the previous chapter this section aims to describe clinical approach to ocular rigidity from the perspective of an engineer in an attempt to straighten out this concept, to show its advantages, disadvantages and various applications. KW - Coefficient of ocular rigidity KW - Eyeball KW - Corneo-scleral shell KW - Pressure-volume relationship KW - Differential tonometry Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-64422-2 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64422-2_2 SP - 15 EP - 43 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuerten, David A1 - Kotliar, Konstantin A1 - Fuest, Matthias A1 - Walter, Peter A1 - Hollstein, Muriel A1 - Plange, Niklas ED - Neri, Piergiorgio T1 - Does hemispheric vascular regulation differ significantly in glaucoma patients with altitudinal visual field asymmetry? A single-center, prospective study JF - International Ophthalmology N2 - Purpose Vascular risk factors and ocular perfusion are heatedly discussed in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. The retinal vessel analyzer (RVA, IMEDOS Systems, Germany) allows noninvasive measurement of retinal vessel regulation. Significant differences especially in the veins between healthy subjects and patients suffering from glaucoma were previously reported. In this pilot-study we investigated if localized vascular regulation is altered in glaucoma patients with altitudinal visual field defect asymmetry. Methods 15 eyes of 12 glaucoma patients with advanced altitudinal visual field defect asymmetry were included. The mean defect was calculated for each hemisphere separately (-20.99 ± 10.49 pro- found hemispheric visual field defect vs -7.36 ± 3.97 dB less profound hemisphere). After pupil dilation, RVA measurements of retinal arteries and veins were conducted using the standard protocol. The superior and inferior retinal vessel reactivity were measured consecutively in each eye. Results Significant differences were recorded in venous vessel constriction after flicker light stimulation and overall amplitude of the reaction (p \ 0.04 and p \ 0.02 respectively) in-between the hemispheres spheres. Vessel reaction was higher in the hemisphere corresponding to the more advanced visual field defect. Arterial diameters reacted similarly, failing to reach statistical significance. Conclusion Localized retinal vessel regulation is significantly altered in glaucoma patients with asymmetri altitudinal visual field defects. Veins supplying the hemisphere concordant to a less profound visual field defect show diminished diameter changes. Vascular dysregulation might be particularly important in early glaucoma stages prior to a significant visual field defect. KW - Glaucoma KW - Visual field asymmetry KW - Ocular blood flow KW - RVA KW - Vascular response Y1 - 2021 SN - 1573-2630 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-01876-0 VL - 41 IS - 41 SP - 3109 EP - 3119 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albanna, Walid A1 - Conzen, Catharina A1 - Weiss, Miriam A1 - Seyfried, Katharina A1 - Kotliar, Konstantin A1 - Schmidt, Tobias Philip A1 - Kuerten, David A1 - Hescheler, Jürgen A1 - Bruecken, Anne A1 - Schmidt-Trucksäss, Arno A1 - Neumaier, Felix A1 - Wiesmann, Martin A1 - Clusmann, Hans A1 - Schubert, Gerrit Alexander T1 - Non-invasive assessment of neurovascular coupling after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective observational trial using retinal vessel analysis JF - Frontiers in Neurology N2 - Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a common complication after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) and can lead to infarction and poor clinical outcome. The underlying mechanisms are still incompletely understood, but animal models indicate that vasoactive metabolites and inflammatory cytokines produced within the subarachnoid space may progressively impair and partially invert neurovascular coupling (NVC) in the brain. Because cerebral and retinal microvasculature are governed by comparable regulatory mechanisms and may be connected by perivascular pathways, retinal vascular changes are increasingly recognized as a potential surrogate for altered NVC in the brain. Here, we used non-invasive retinal vessel analysis (RVA) to assess microvascular function in aSAH patients at different times after the ictus. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.690183 SN - 1664-2295 VL - 12 IS - 12 SP - 1 EP - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grundlach, Michael A1 - Baumann, Martin A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. ED - Dössel, Olaf T1 - How Multimodal Examinations Can Increase Sustainable Student Gain by Aligning Teaching and Assessment JF - Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering N2 - Modern industry and multi-discipline projects require highly trained individuals with resilient science and engineering back-grounds. Graduates must be able to agilely apply excellent theoretical knowledge in their subject matter as well as essential practical “hands-on” knowledge of diverse working processes to solve complex problems. To meet these demands, university education follows the concept of Constructive Alignment and thus increasingly adopts the teaching of necessary practical skills to the actual industry requirements and assessment routines. However, a systematic approach to coherently align these three central teaching demands is strangely absent from current university curricula. We demonstrate the feasibility of implementing practical assessments in a regular theory-based examination, thus defining the term “blended assessment”. We assessed a course for natural science and engineering students pursuing a career in biomedical engineering, and evaluated the benefit of blended assessment exams for students and lecturers. Our controlled study assessed the physiological background of electrocardiograms (ECGs), the practical measurement of ECG curves, and their interpretation of basic pathologic alterations. To study on long time effects, students have been assessed on the topic twice with a time lag of 6 months. Our findings suggest a significant improvement in student gain with respect to practical skills and theoretical knowledge. The results of the reassessments support these outcomes. From the lecturers ́ point of view, blended assessment complements practical training courses while keeping organizational effort manageable. We consider blended assessment a viable tool for providing an improved student gain, industry-ready education format that should be evaluated and established further to prepare university graduates optimally for their future careers. KW - constructive alignment KW - examination KW - long-term retention KW - multimodal KW - practical learning Y1 - 2021 SN - 2364-5504 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2021-2019 VL - 7 IS - 7/2 SP - 73 EP - 76 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Dikta, Gerhard A1 - Scheer, Marsel T1 - Bootstrap Methods: With Applications in R N2 - This book provides a compact introduction to the bootstrap method. In addition to classical results on point estimation and test theory, multivariate linear regression models and generalized linear models are covered in detail. Special attention is given to the use of bootstrap procedures to perform goodness-of-fit tests to validate model or distributional assumptions. In some cases, new methods are presented here for the first time. The text is motivated by practical examples and the implementations of the corresponding algorithms are always given directly in R in a comprehensible form. Overall, R is given great importance throughout. Each chapter includes a section of exercises and, for the more mathematically inclined readers, concludes with rigorous proofs. The intended audience is graduate students who already have a prior knowledge of probability theory and mathematical statistics. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-73480-0 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73480-0 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heel, Mareike van A1 - Dikta, Gerhard A1 - Braekers, Roel T1 - Bootstrap based goodness‑of‑fit tests for binary multivariate regression models JF - Journal of the Korean Statistical Society N2 - We consider a binary multivariate regression model where the conditional expectation of a binary variable given a higher-dimensional input variable belongs to a parametric family. Based on this, we introduce a model-based bootstrap (MBB) for higher-dimensional input variables. This test can be used to check whether a sequence of independent and identically distributed observations belongs to such a parametric family. The approach is based on the empirical residual process introduced by Stute (Ann Statist 25:613–641, 1997). In contrast to Stute and Zhu’s approach (2002) Stute & Zhu (Scandinavian J Statist 29:535–545, 2002), a transformation is not required. Thus, any problems associated with non-parametric regression estimation are avoided. As a result, the MBB method is much easier for users to implement. To illustrate the power of the MBB based tests, a small simulation study is performed. Compared to the approach of Stute & Zhu (Scandinavian J Statist 29:535–545, 2002), the simulations indicate a slightly improved power of the MBB based method. Finally, both methods are applied to a real data set. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42952-021-00142-4 SN - 2005-2863 (Online) SN - 1226-3192 (Print) N1 - Corresponding author: Mareike van Heel VL - 51 PB - Springer Nature CY - Singapur ER - TY - GEN A1 - Jung, Alexander A1 - Müller, Wolfram A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - Corrigendum to “Wind and fairness in ski jumping: A computer modelling analysis” [J. Biomech. 75 (2018) 147–153] T2 - Journal of Biomechanics Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110690 SN - 0021-9290 N1 - Refers to: Alexander Jung, Wolfram Müller, Manfred Staat: Wind and fairness in ski jumping: A computer modelling analysis. Journal of Biomechanics, Volume 75. 25 June 2018. Pages 147-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.05.001 VL - 128 IS - Article number: 110690 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Klöser, Lars A1 - Kohl, Philipp A1 - Kraft, Bodo A1 - Zündorf, Albert T1 - Multi-attribute relation extraction (MARE): simplifying the application of relation extraction T2 - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Deep Learning Theory and Applications - DeLTA N2 - Natural language understanding’s relation extraction makes innovative and encouraging novel business concepts possible and facilitates new digitilized decision-making processes. Current approaches allow the extraction of relations with a fixed number of entities as attributes. Extracting relations with an arbitrary amount of attributes requires complex systems and costly relation-trigger annotations to assist these systems. We introduce multi-attribute relation extraction (MARE) as an assumption-less problem formulation with two approaches, facilitating an explicit mapping from business use cases to the data annotations. Avoiding elaborated annotation constraints simplifies the application of relation extraction approaches. The evaluation compares our models to current state-of-the-art event extraction and binary relation extraction methods. Our approaches show improvement compared to these on the extraction of general multi-attribute relations. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-989-758-526-5 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010559201480156 N1 - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Deep Learning Theory and Applications, DeLTA2021, July 7-9, 2021 SP - 148 EP - 156 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mandekar, Swati A1 - Jentsch, Lina A1 - Lutz, Kai A1 - Behbahani, Mehdi A1 - Melnykowycz, Mark T1 - Earable design analysis for sleep EEG measurements T2 - UbiComp '21 N2 - Conventional EEG devices cannot be used in everyday life and hence, past decade research has been focused on Ear-EEG for mobile, at-home monitoring for various applications ranging from emotion detection to sleep monitoring. As the area available for electrode contact in the ear is limited, the electrode size and location play a vital role for an Ear-EEG system. In this investigation, we present a quantitative study of ear-electrodes with two electrode sizes at different locations in a wet and dry configuration. Electrode impedance scales inversely with size and ranges from 450 kΩ to 1.29 MΩ for dry and from 22 kΩ to 42 kΩ for wet contact at 10 Hz. For any size, the location in the ear canal with the lowest impedance is ELE (Left Ear Superior), presumably due to increased contact pressure caused by the outer-ear anatomy. The results can be used to optimize signal pickup and SNR for specific applications. We demonstrate this by recording sleep spindles during sleep onset with high quality (5.27 μVrms). KW - EEG KW - sensors KW - Impedance Spectroscopy KW - Sleep EEG KW - biopotential electrodes Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3460418.3479328 N1 - UbiComp '21: Adjunct Proceedings of the 2021 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing and Proceedings of the 2021 ACM International Symposium on Wearable Computers, September 21–26, 2021, Virtual, USA SP - 171 EP - 175 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kohl, Philipp A1 - Schmidts, Oliver A1 - Klöser, Lars A1 - Werth, Henri A1 - Kraft, Bodo A1 - Zündorf, Albert T1 - STAMP 4 NLP – an agile framework for rapid quality-driven NLP applications development T2 - Quality of Information and Communications Technology. QUATIC 2021 N2 - The progress in natural language processing (NLP) research over the last years, offers novel business opportunities for companies, as automated user interaction or improved data analysis. Building sophisticated NLP applications requires dealing with modern machine learning (ML) technologies, which impedes enterprises from establishing successful NLP projects. Our experience in applied NLP research projects shows that the continuous integration of research prototypes in production-like environments with quality assurance builds trust in the software and shows convenience and usefulness regarding the business goal. We introduce STAMP 4 NLP as an iterative and incremental process model for developing NLP applications. With STAMP 4 NLP, we merge software engineering principles with best practices from data science. Instantiating our process model allows efficiently creating prototypes by utilizing templates, conventions, and implementations, enabling developers and data scientists to focus on the business goals. Due to our iterative-incremental approach, businesses can deploy an enhanced version of the prototype to their software environment after every iteration, maximizing potential business value and trust early and avoiding the cost of successful yet never deployed experiments. KW - Machine learning KW - Process model KW - Natural language processing Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-85346-4 SN - 978-3-030-85347-1 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85347-1_12 N1 - International Conference on the Quality of Information and Communications Technology, QUATIC 2021, 8-11 September, Algarve, Portugal SP - 156 EP - 166 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmidts, Oliver A1 - Kraft, Bodo A1 - Winkens, Marvin A1 - Zündorf, Albert T1 - Catalog integration of heterogeneous and volatile product data T2 - DATA 2020: Data Management Technologies and Applications N2 - The integration of frequently changing, volatile product data from different manufacturers into a single catalog is a significant challenge for small and medium-sized e-commerce companies. They rely on timely integrating product data to present them aggregated in an online shop without knowing format specifications, concept understanding of manufacturers, and data quality. Furthermore, format, concepts, and data quality may change at any time. Consequently, integrating product catalogs into a single standardized catalog is often a laborious manual task. Current strategies to streamline or automate catalog integration use techniques based on machine learning, word vectorization, or semantic similarity. However, most approaches struggle with low-quality or real-world data. We propose Attribute Label Ranking (ALR) as a recommendation engine to simplify the integration process of previously unknown, proprietary tabular format into a standardized catalog for practitioners. We evaluate ALR by focusing on the impact of different neural network architectures, language features, and semantic similarity. Additionally, we consider metrics for industrial application and present the impact of ALR in production and its limitations. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-83013-7 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83014-4_7 N1 - International Conference on Data Management Technologies and Applications, DATA 2020, 7-9 July SP - 134 EP - 153 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Poghossian, Arshak A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Recent progress in silicon-based biologically sensitive field-effect devices JF - Current Opinion in Electrochemistry N2 - Biologically sensitive field-effect devices (BioFEDs) advantageously combine the electronic field-effect functionality with the (bio)chemical receptor’s recognition ability for (bio)chemical sensing. In this review, basic and widely applied device concepts of silicon-based BioFEDs (ion-sensitive field-effect transistor, silicon nanowire transistor, electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor capacitor, light-addressable potentiometric sensor) are presented and recent progress (from 2019 to early 2021) is discussed. One of the main advantages of BioFEDs is the label-free sensing principle enabling to detect a large variety of biomolecules and bioparticles by their intrinsic charge. The review encompasses applications of BioFEDs for the label-free electrical detection of clinically relevant protein biomarkers, deoxyribonucleic acid molecules and viruses, enzyme-substrate reactions as well as recording of the cell acidification rate (as an indicator of cellular metabolism) and the extracellular potential. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2021.100811 SN - 2451-9103 IS - Article number: 100811 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hugenroth, Kristin A1 - Borchardt, Ralf A1 - Ritter, Philine A1 - Groß‑Hardt, Sascha A1 - Meyns, Bart A1 - Verbelen, Tom A1 - Steinseifer, Ulrich A1 - Kaufmann, Tim A. S. A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. T1 - Optimizing cerebral perfusion and hemodynamics during cardiopulmonary bypass through cannula design combining in silico, in vitro and in vivo input JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a standard technique for cardiac surgery, but comes with the risk of severe neurological complications (e.g. stroke) caused by embolisms and/or reduced cerebral perfusion. We report on an aortic cannula prototype design (optiCAN) with helical outflow and jet-splitting dispersion tip that could reduce the risk of embolic events and restores cerebral perfusion to 97.5% of physiological flow during CPB in vivo, whereas a commercial curved-tip cannula yields 74.6%. In further in vitro comparison, pressure loss and hemolysis parameters of optiCAN remain unaffected. Results are reproducibly confirmed in silico for an exemplary human aortic anatomy via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Based on CFD simulations, we firstly show that optiCAN design improves aortic root washout, which reduces the risk of thromboembolism. Secondly, we identify regions of the aortic intima with increased risk of plaque release by correlating areas of enhanced plaque growth and high wall shear stresses (WSS). From this we propose another easy-to-manufacture cannula design (opti2CAN) that decreases areas burdened by high WSS, while preserving physiological cerebral flow and favorable hemodynamics. With this novel cannula design, we propose a cannulation option to reduce neurological complications and the prevalence of stroke in high-risk patients after CPB. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96397-2 SN - 2045-2322 VL - 11 IS - Art. No. 16800 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumaier, Felix A1 - Weiss, Miriam A1 - Veldeman, Michael A1 - Kotliar, Konstantin A1 - Wiesmann, Martin A1 - Schulze-Steinen, Henna A1 - Höllig, Anke A1 - Clusmann, Hans A1 - Schubert, Gerrit Alexander A1 - Albanna, Walid T1 - Changes in endogenous daytime melatonin levels after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage – preliminary findings from an observational cohort study JF - Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery N2 - Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is associated with early and delayed brain injury due to several underlying and interrelated processes, which include inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial, and neuronal apoptosis. Treatment with melatonin, a cytoprotective neurohormone with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, has been shown to attenuate early brain injury (EBI) and to prevent delayed cerebral vasospasm in experimental aSAH models. Less is known about the role of endogenous melatonin for aSAH outcome and how its production is altered by the pathophysiological cascades initiated during EBI. In the present observational study, we analyzed changes in melatonin levels during the first three weeks after aSAH. KW - constructive alignment KW - examination KW - long-term retention KW - multimodal KW - practical learning Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106870 SN - 0303-8467 VL - 208 IS - Article No.: 106870 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brockhaus, Moritz K. A1 - Behbahani, Mehdi A1 - Muris, Farina A1 - Jansen, Sebastian V. A1 - Schmitz- Rode, Thomas A1 - Steinseifer, Ulrich A1 - Clauser, Johanna C. T1 - In vitro thrombogenicity testing of pulsatile mechanical circulatory support systems: Design and proof-of-concept JF - Artificial Organs N2 - Thrombogenic complications are a main issue in mechanical circulatory support (MCS). There is no validated in vitro method available to quantitatively assess the thrombogenic performance of pulsatile MCS devices under realistic hemodynamic conditions. The aim of this study is to propose a method to evaluate the thrombogenic potential of new designs without the use of complex in-vivo trials. This study presents a novel in vitro method for reproducible thrombogenicity testing of pulsatile MCS systems using low molecular weight heparinized porcine blood. Blood parameters are continuously measured with full blood thromboelastometry (ROTEM; EXTEM, FIBTEM and a custom-made analysis HEPNATEM). Thrombus formation is optically observed after four hours of testing. The results of three experiments are presented each with two parallel loops. The area of thrombus formation inside the MCS device was reproducible. The implantation of a filter inside the loop catches embolizing thrombi without a measurable increase of platelet activation, allowing conclusions of the place of origin of thrombi inside the device. EXTEM and FIBTEM parameters such as clotting velocity (α) and maximum clot firmness (MCF) show a total decrease by around 6% with a characteristic kink after 180 minutes. HEPNATEM α and MCF rise within the first 180 minutes indicate a continuously increasing activation level of coagulation. After 180 minutes, the consumption of clotting factors prevails, resulting in a decrease of α and MCF. With the designed mock loop and the presented protocol we are able to identify thrombogenic hot spots inside a pulsatile pump and characterize their thrombogenic potential. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aor.14046 SN - 1525-1594 VL - 45 IS - 12 SP - 1513 EP - 1521 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tran, Ngoc Trinh A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - FEM shakedown analysis of Kirchhoff-Love plates under uncertainty of strength T2 - Proceedings of UNCECOMP 2021 N2 - A new formulation to calculate the shakedown limit load of Kirchhoff plates under stochastic conditions of strength is developed. Direct structural reliability design by chance con-strained programming is based on the prescribed failure probabilities, which is an effective approach of stochastic programming if it can be formulated as an equivalent deterministic optimization problem. We restrict uncertainty to strength, the loading is still deterministic. A new formulation is derived in case of random strength with lognormal distribution. Upper bound and lower bound shakedown load factors are calculated simultaneously by a dual algorithm. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-618-85072-6-5 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120221.8041.19047 N1 - Proceedings of UNCECOMP 2021, 4th International Conference on Uncertainty Quantification in Computational Sciences and Engineering, streamed from Athens, Greece, 28–30 June 2021. SP - 323 EP - 338 ER - TY - THES A1 - Jung, Alexander T1 - Electromechanical modelling and simulation of hiPSC-derived cardiac cell cultures Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:464-20210624-134942-7 SN - 978-3-9821811-1-0 N1 - Dissertation, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 2021 PB - Universität Duisburg-Essen ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Olderog, M. A1 - Mohr, P. A1 - Beging, Stefan A1 - Tsoumpas, C. A1 - Ziemons, Karl T1 - Simulation study on the role of tissue-scattered events in improving sensitivity for a compact time of flight compton positron emission tomograph T2 - 2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) N2 - In positron emission tomography improving time, energy and spatial detector resolutions and using Compton kinematics introduces the possibility to reconstruct a radioactivity distribution image from scatter coincidences, thereby enhancing image quality. The number of single scattered coincidences alone is in the same order of magnitude as true coincidences. In this work, a compact Compton camera module based on monolithic scintillation material is investigated as a detector ring module. The detector interactions are simulated with Monte Carlo package GATE. The scattering angle inside the tissue is derived from the energy of the scattered photon, which results in a set of possible scattering trajectories or broken line of response. The Compton kinematics collimation reduces the number of solutions. Additionally, the time of flight information helps localize the position of the annihilation. One of the questions of this investigation is related to how the energy, spatial and temporal resolutions help confine the possible annihilation volume. A comparison of currently technically feasible detector resolutions (under laboratory conditions) demonstrates the influence on this annihilation volume and shows that energy and coincidence time resolution have a significant impact. An enhancement of the latter from 400 ps to 100 ps leads to a smaller annihilation volume of around 50%, while a change of the energy resolution in the absorber layer from 12% to 4.5% results in a reduction of 60%. The inclusion of single tissue-scattered data has the potential to increase the sensitivity of a scanner by a factor of 2 to 3 times. The concept can be further optimized and extended for multiple scatter coincidences and subsequently validated by a reconstruction algorithm. Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-7281-7693-2 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/NSS/MIC42677.2020.9507901 N1 - 2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC), 31 Oct.-7 Nov. 2020, Boston, MA, USA PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grieger, Niklas A1 - Schwabedal, Justus T. C. A1 - Wendel, Stefanie A1 - Ritze, Yvonne A1 - Bialonski, Stephan T1 - Automated scoring of pre-REM sleep in mice with deep learning JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Reliable automation of the labor-intensive manual task of scoring animal sleep can facilitate the analysis of long-term sleep studies. In recent years, deep-learning-based systems, which learn optimal features from the data, increased scoring accuracies for the classical sleep stages of Wake, REM, and Non-REM. Meanwhile, it has been recognized that the statistics of transitional stages such as pre-REM, found between Non-REM and REM, may hold additional insight into the physiology of sleep and are now under vivid investigation. We propose a classification system based on a simple neural network architecture that scores the classical stages as well as pre-REM sleep in mice. When restricted to the classical stages, the optimized network showed state-of-the-art classification performance with an out-of-sample F1 score of 0.95 in male C57BL/6J mice. When unrestricted, the network showed lower F1 scores on pre-REM (0.5) compared to the classical stages. The result is comparable to previous attempts to score transitional stages in other species such as transition sleep in rats or N1 sleep in humans. Nevertheless, we observed that the sequence of predictions including pre-REM typically transitioned from Non-REM to REM reflecting sleep dynamics observed by human scorers. Our findings provide further evidence for the difficulty of scoring transitional sleep stages, likely because such stages of sleep are under-represented in typical data sets or show large inter-scorer variability. We further provide our source code and an online platform to run predictions with our trained network. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91286-0 SN - 2045-2322 N1 - Corresponding author: Stephan Bialonski VL - 11 IS - Art. 12245 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ball, Christopher Stephen A1 - Vögele, Stefan A1 - Grajewski, Matthias A1 - Kuckshinrichs, Wilhelm T1 - E-mobility from a multi-actor point of view: Uncertainties and their impacts JF - Technological Forecasting and Social Change Y1 - 2021 SN - 0040-1625 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120925 VL - 170 IS - Art. 120925 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Engelmann, Ulrich M. A1 - Shasha, Carolyn A1 - Slabu, Ioana T1 - Magnetic nanoparticle relaxation in biomedical application: focus on simulating nanoparticle heating T2 - Magnetic nanoparticles in human health and medicine Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-1-119-75467-1 SP - 327 EP - 354 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken, New Jeersey ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Bornheim, Tobias A1 - Grieger, Niklas A1 - Bialonski, Stephan T1 - FHAC at GermEval 2021: Identifying German toxic, engaging, and fact-claiming comments with ensemble learning T2 - Proceedings of the GermEval 2021 Workshop on the Identification of Toxic, Engaging, and Fact-Claiming Comments : 17th Conference on Natural Language Processing KONVENS 2021 Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.48415/2021/fhw5-x128 N1 - SP - 105 EP - 111 PB - Heinrich Heine University CY - Düsseldorf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Akimbekov, Nuraly A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Abdieva, Gulzhamal A1 - Ualieva, Perizat A1 - Tastambek, Kuanysh T1 - Lignite biosolubilization and bioconversion by Bacillus sp.: the collation of analytical data JF - Biofuels N2 - The vast metabolic potential of microbes in brown coal (lignite) processing and utilization can greatly contribute to innovative approaches to sustainable production of high-value products from coal. In this study, the multi-faceted and complex coal biosolubilization process by Bacillus sp. RKB 7 isolate from the Kazakhstan coal-mining soil is reported, and the derived products are characterized. Lignite solubilization tests performed for surface and suspension cultures testify to the formation of numerous soluble lignite-derived substances. Almost 24% of crude lignite (5% w/v) was solubilized within 14 days under slightly alkaline conditions (pH 8.2). FTIR analysis revealed various functional groups in the obtained biosolubilization products. Analyses of the lignite-derived humic products by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectrometry as well as elemental analysis yielded compatible results indicating the emerging products had a lower molecular weight and degree of aromaticity. Furthermore, XRD and SEM analyses were used to evaluate the biosolubilization processes from mineralogical and microscopic points of view. The findings not only contribute to a deeper understanding of microbe–mineral interactions in coal environments, but also contribute to knowledge of coal biosolubilization and bioconversion with regard to sustainable production of humic substances. The detailed and comprehensive analyses demonstrate the huge biotechnological potential of Bacillus sp. for agricultural productivity and environmental health. KW - humic acid KW - Bacillus sp KW - lignite KW - Biosolubilization Y1 - 2021 SN - 1759-7277 VL - 12 IS - 3 SP - 247 EP - 258 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jildeh, Zaid B. A1 - Wagner, Patrick H. A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Sterilization of Objects, Products, and Packaging Surfaces and Their Characterization in Different Fields of Industry: The Status in 2020 JF - physica status solidi (a) applications and materials science N2 - The treatment method to deactivate viable microorganisms from objects or products is termed sterilization. There are multiple forms of sterilization, each intended to be applied for a specific target, which depends on—but not limited to—the thermal, physical, and chemical stability of that target. Herein, an overview on the currently used sterilization processes in the global market is provided. Different sterilization techniques are grouped under a category that describes the method of treatment: radiation (gamma, electron beam, X-ray, and ultraviolet), thermal (dry and moist heat), and chemical (ethylene oxide, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide). For each sterilization process, the typical process parameters as defined by regulations and the mode of antimicrobial activity are summarized. Finally, the recommended microorganisms that are used as biological indicators to validate sterilization processes in accordance with the rules that are established by various regulatory agencies are summarized. KW - bioburdens KW - sterility tests KW - sterilization efficacy KW - sterilization methods KW - validation methods Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202000732 SN - 1862-6319 N1 - Corresponding author: Michael J. Schöning VL - 218 IS - 13 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Laack, Walter van T1 - Größer als das ganze Universum Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-936624-38-0 PB - van Laack GmbH CY - Aachen ER - TY - THES A1 - Bayer, Robin T1 - Development of a novel in-vitro vascular model for determination of physiological and pathophysiological mechanobiology Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:hbz:38-362212 N1 - Dissertation, Universität zu Köln, 2021 PB - Universität zu Köln CY - Köln ER -