TY - JOUR A1 - Hagenkamp, Markus A1 - Blanke, Tobias A1 - Döring, Bernd T1 - Thermoelectric building temperature control: a potential assessment JF - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering N2 - This study focuses on thermoelectric elements (TEE) as an alternative for room temperature control. TEE are semi-conductor devices that can provide heating and cooling via a heat pump effect without direct noise emissions and no refrigerant use. An efficiency evaluation of the optimal operating mode is carried out for different numbers of TEE, ambient temperatures, and heating loads. The influence of an additional heat recovery unit on system efficiency and an unevenly distributed heating demand are examined. The results show that TEE can provide heat at a coefficient of performance (COP) greater than one especially for small heating demands and high ambient temperatures. The efficiency increases with the number of elements in the system and is subject to economies of scale. The best COP exceeds six at optimal operating conditions. An additional heat recovery unit proves beneficial for low ambient temperatures and systems with few TEE. It makes COPs above one possible at ambient temperatures below 0 ∘C. The effect increases efficiency by maximal 0.81 (from 1.90 to 2.71) at ambient temperature 5 K below room temperature and heating demand Q˙h=100W but is subject to diseconomies of scale. Thermoelectric technology is a valuable option for electricity-based heat supply and can provide cooling and ventilation functions. A careful system design as well as an additional heat recovery unit significantly benefits the performance. This makes TEE superior to direct current heating systems and competitive to heat pumps for small scale applications with focus on avoiding noise and harmful refrigerants. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40095-021-00424-x N1 - Corresponding author: Markus Hagenkamp VL - 13 SP - 241 EP - 254 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Engemann, Heiko A1 - Cönen, Patrick A1 - Dawar, Harshal A1 - Du, Shengzhi A1 - Kallweit, Stephan T1 - A robot-assisted large-scale inspection of wind turbine blades in manufacturing using an autonomous mobile manipulator JF - Applied Sciences N2 - Wind energy represents the dominant share of renewable energies. The rotor blades of a wind turbine are typically made from composite material, which withstands high forces during rotation. The huge dimensions of the rotor blades complicate the inspection processes in manufacturing. The automation of inspection processes has a great potential to increase the overall productivity and to create a consistent reliable database for each individual rotor blade. The focus of this paper is set on the process of rotor blade inspection automation by utilizing an autonomous mobile manipulator. The main innovations include a novel path planning strategy for zone-based navigation, which enables an intuitive right-hand or left-hand driving behavior in a shared human–robot workspace. In addition, we introduce a new method for surface orthogonal motion planning in connection with large-scale structures. An overall execution strategy controls the navigation and manipulation processes of the long-running inspection task. The implemented concepts are evaluated in simulation and applied in a real-use case including the tip of a rotor blade form. KW - mobile manipulation KW - large-scale inspection KW - wind turbine production KW - autonomous navigation KW - surface-orthogonal path planning Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199271 SN - 2076-3417 N1 - Belongs to the Special Issue "Advances in Industrial Robotics and Intelligent Systems" VL - 11 IS - 19 SP - 1 EP - 22 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alexyuk, Madina A1 - Bogoyavlenskiy, Andrey A1 - Alexyuk, Pavel A1 - Moldakhanov, Yergali A1 - Berezin, Vladimir A1 - Digel, Ilya T1 - Epipelagic microbiome of the Small Aral Sea: Metagenomic structure and ecological diversity JF - MicrobiologyOpen N2 - Microbial diversity studies regarding the aquatic communities that experienced or are experiencing environmental problems are essential for the comprehension of the remediation dynamics. In this pilot study, we present data on the phylogenetic and ecological structure of microorganisms from epipelagic water samples collected in the Small Aral Sea (SAS). The raw data were generated by massive parallel sequencing using the shotgun approach. As expected, most of the identified DNA sequences belonged to Terrabacteria and Actinobacteria (40% and 37% of the total reads, respectively). The occurrence of Deinococcus-Thermus, Armatimonadetes, Chloroflexi in the epipelagic SAS waters was less anticipated. Surprising was also the detection of sequences, which are characteristic for strict anaerobes—Ignavibacteria, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria, and archaeal methanogenic species. We suppose that the observed very broad range of phylogenetic and ecological features displayed by the SAS reads demonstrates a more intensive mixing of water masses originating from diverse ecological niches of the Aral-Syr Darya River basin than presumed before. KW - ecological structure KW - metagenomics KW - microbial diversity KW - shotgun sequencing KW - Small Aral Sea Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.1142 SN - 2045-8827 VL - 10 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heel, Mareike van A1 - Dikta, Gerhard A1 - Braekers, Roel T1 - Bootstrap based goodness‑of‑fit tests for binary multivariate regression models JF - Journal of the Korean Statistical Society N2 - We consider a binary multivariate regression model where the conditional expectation of a binary variable given a higher-dimensional input variable belongs to a parametric family. Based on this, we introduce a model-based bootstrap (MBB) for higher-dimensional input variables. This test can be used to check whether a sequence of independent and identically distributed observations belongs to such a parametric family. The approach is based on the empirical residual process introduced by Stute (Ann Statist 25:613–641, 1997). In contrast to Stute and Zhu’s approach (2002) Stute & Zhu (Scandinavian J Statist 29:535–545, 2002), a transformation is not required. Thus, any problems associated with non-parametric regression estimation are avoided. As a result, the MBB method is much easier for users to implement. To illustrate the power of the MBB based tests, a small simulation study is performed. Compared to the approach of Stute & Zhu (Scandinavian J Statist 29:535–545, 2002), the simulations indicate a slightly improved power of the MBB based method. Finally, both methods are applied to a real data set. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42952-021-00142-4 SN - 2005-2863 (Online) SN - 1226-3192 (Print) N1 - Corresponding author: Mareike van Heel VL - 51 PB - Springer Nature CY - Singapur ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Staat, Manfred T1 - An extension strain type Mohr–Coulomb criterion JF - Rock mechanics and rock engineering N2 - Extension fractures are typical for the deformation under low or no confining pressure. They can be explained by a phenomenological extension strain failure criterion. In the past, a simple empirical criterion for fracture initiation in brittle rock has been developed. In this article, it is shown that the simple extension strain criterion makes unrealistic strength predictions in biaxial compression and tension. To overcome this major limitation, a new extension strain criterion is proposed by adding a weighted principal shear component to the simple criterion. The shear weight is chosen, such that the enriched extension strain criterion represents the same failure surface as the Mohr–Coulomb (MC) criterion. Thus, the MC criterion has been derived as an extension strain criterion predicting extension failure modes, which are unexpected in the classical understanding of the failure of cohesive-frictional materials. In progressive damage of rock, the most likely fracture direction is orthogonal to the maximum extension strain leading to dilatancy. The enriched extension strain criterion is proposed as a threshold surface for crack initiation CI and crack damage CD and as a failure surface at peak stress CP. Different from compressive loading, tensile loading requires only a limited number of critical cracks to cause failure. Therefore, for tensile stresses, the failure criteria must be modified somehow, possibly by a cut-off corresponding to the CI stress. Examples show that the enriched extension strain criterion predicts much lower volumes of damaged rock mass compared to the simple extension strain criterion. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00603-021-02608-7 SN - 1434-453X N1 - Corresponding author: Manfred Staat VL - 54 IS - 12 SP - 6207 EP - 6233 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blanke, Tobias A1 - Hagenkamp, Markus A1 - Döring, Bernd A1 - Göttsche, Joachim A1 - Reger, Vitali A1 - Kuhnhenne, Markus T1 - Net-exergetic, hydraulic and thermal optimization of coaxial heat exchangers using fixed flow conditions instead of fixed flow rates JF - Geothermal Energy N2 - Previous studies optimized the dimensions of coaxial heat exchangers using constant mass fow rates as a boundary condition. They show a thermal optimal circular ring width of nearly zero. Hydraulically optimal is an inner to outer pipe radius ratio of 0.65 for turbulent and 0.68 for laminar fow types. In contrast, in this study, fow conditions in the circular ring are kept constant (a set of fxed Reynolds numbers) during optimization. This approach ensures fxed fow conditions and prevents inappropriately high or low mass fow rates. The optimization is carried out for three objectives: Maximum energy gain, minimum hydraulic efort and eventually optimum net-exergy balance. The optimization changes the inner pipe radius and mass fow rate but not the Reynolds number of the circular ring. The thermal calculations base on Hellström’s borehole resistance and the hydraulic optimization on individually calculated linear loss of head coefcients. Increasing the inner pipe radius results in decreased hydraulic losses in the inner pipe but increased losses in the circular ring. The net-exergy diference is a key performance indicator and combines thermal and hydraulic calculations. It is the difference between thermal exergy fux and hydraulic efort. The Reynolds number in the circular ring is instead of the mass fow rate constant during all optimizations. The result from a thermal perspective is an optimal width of the circular ring of nearly zero. The hydraulically optimal inner pipe radius is 54% of the outer pipe radius for laminar fow and 60% for turbulent fow scenarios. Net-exergetic optimization shows a predominant infuence of hydraulic losses, especially for small temperature gains. The exact result depends on the earth’s thermal properties and the fow type. Conclusively, coaxial geothermal probes’ design should focus on the hydraulic optimum and take the thermal optimum as a secondary criterion due to the dominating hydraulics. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40517-021-00201-3 SN - 2195-9706 N1 - Corresponding author: Tobias Blanke VL - 9 IS - Article number: 19 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Götten, Falk A1 - Finger, Felix A1 - Havermann, Marc A1 - Braun, Carsten A1 - Marino, M. A1 - Bil, C. T1 - Full configuration drag estimation of short-to-medium range fixed-wing UAVs and its impact on initial sizing optimization JF - CEAS Aeronautical Journal N2 - The paper presents the derivation of a new equivalent skin friction coefficient for estimating the parasitic drag of short-to-medium range fixed-wing unmanned aircraft. The new coefficient is derived from an aerodynamic analysis of ten different unmanned aircraft used for surveillance, reconnaissance, and search and rescue missions. The aircraft is simulated using a validated unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes approach. The UAV’s parasitic drag is significantly influenced by the presence of miscellaneous components like fixed landing gears or electro-optical sensor turrets. These components are responsible for almost half of an unmanned aircraft’s total parasitic drag. The new equivalent skin friction coefficient accounts for these effects and is significantly higher compared to other aircraft categories. It is used to initially size an unmanned aircraft for a typical reconnaissance mission. The improved parasitic drag estimation yields a much heavier unmanned aircraft when compared to the sizing results using available drag data of manned aircraft. KW - Parasitic drag KW - UAV KW - CFD KW - Aircraft sizing Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13272-021-00522-w SN - 1869-5590 (Online) SN - 1869-5582 (Print) N1 - Corresponding author: Falk Götten VL - 12 SP - 589 EP - 603 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grieger, Niklas A1 - Schwabedal, Justus T. C. A1 - Wendel, Stefanie A1 - Ritze, Yvonne A1 - Bialonski, Stephan T1 - Automated scoring of pre-REM sleep in mice with deep learning JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Reliable automation of the labor-intensive manual task of scoring animal sleep can facilitate the analysis of long-term sleep studies. In recent years, deep-learning-based systems, which learn optimal features from the data, increased scoring accuracies for the classical sleep stages of Wake, REM, and Non-REM. Meanwhile, it has been recognized that the statistics of transitional stages such as pre-REM, found between Non-REM and REM, may hold additional insight into the physiology of sleep and are now under vivid investigation. We propose a classification system based on a simple neural network architecture that scores the classical stages as well as pre-REM sleep in mice. When restricted to the classical stages, the optimized network showed state-of-the-art classification performance with an out-of-sample F1 score of 0.95 in male C57BL/6J mice. When unrestricted, the network showed lower F1 scores on pre-REM (0.5) compared to the classical stages. The result is comparable to previous attempts to score transitional stages in other species such as transition sleep in rats or N1 sleep in humans. Nevertheless, we observed that the sequence of predictions including pre-REM typically transitioned from Non-REM to REM reflecting sleep dynamics observed by human scorers. Our findings provide further evidence for the difficulty of scoring transitional sleep stages, likely because such stages of sleep are under-represented in typical data sets or show large inter-scorer variability. We further provide our source code and an online platform to run predictions with our trained network. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91286-0 SN - 2045-2322 N1 - Corresponding author: Stephan Bialonski VL - 11 IS - Art. 12245 PB - Springer Nature CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Monakhova, Yulia A1 - Diehl, Bernd W. K. T1 - A step towards optimization of the qNMR workflow: proficiency testing exercise at an GxP-accredited laboratory JF - Applied Magnetic Resonance N2 - Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) is considered as a powerful tool for multicomponent mixture analysis as well as for the purity determination of single compounds. Special attention is currently paid to the training of operators and study directors involved in qNMR testing. To assure that only qualified personnel are used for sample preparation at our GxP-accredited laboratory, weighing test was proposed. Sixteen participants performed six-fold weighing of the binary mixture of dibutylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-nitrobenzene (TCNB). To evaluate the quality of data analysis, all spectra were evaluated manually by a qNMR expert and using in-house developed automated routine. The results revealed that mean values are comparable and both evaluation approaches are free of systematic error. However, automated evaluation resulted in an approximately 20% increase in precision. The same findings were revealed for qNMR analysis of 32 compounds used in pharmaceutical industry. Weighing test by six-fold determination in binary mixtures and automated qNMR methodology can be recommended as efficient tools for evaluating staff proficiency. The automated qNMR method significantly increases throughput and precision of qNMR for routine measurements and extends application scope of qNMR. Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00723-021-01324-3 SN - 1613-7507 N1 - Corresponding author: Yulia Monakhova VL - 52 SP - 581 EP - 593 PB - Springer Nature CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Eggert, Mathias A1 - Moulen, Tobias T1 - Selektion von Geschäftsprozessen zur Anwendung von Robotic Process Automation am Beispiel einer Versicherung JF - HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik N2 - Häufig bremsen geringe IT-Ressourcen, fehlende Softwareschnittstellen oder eine veraltete und komplex gewachsene Systemlandschaft die Automatisierung von Geschäftsprozessen. Robotic Process Automation (RPA) ist eine vielversprechende Methode, um Geschäftsprozesse oberflächenbasiert und ohne größere Systemeingriffe zu automatisieren und Medienbrüche abzubauen. Die Auswahl der passenden Prozesse ist dabei für den Erfolg von RPA-Projekten entscheidend. Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert dafür Selektionskriterien, die aus einer qualitativen Inhaltanalyse von elf Interviews mit RPA-Experten aus dem Versicherungsumfeld resultieren. Das Ergebnis umfasst eine gewichtetet Liste von sieben Dimensionen und 51 Prozesskriterien, welche die Automatisierung mit Softwarerobotern begünstigen bzw. deren Nichterfüllung eine Umsetzung erschweren oder sogar verhindern. Die drei wichtigsten Kriterien zur Auswahl von Geschäftsprozessen für die Automatisierung mittels RPA umfassen die Entlastung der an dem Prozess mitwirkenden Mitarbeiter (Arbeitnehmerüberlastung), die Ausführbarkeit des Prozesses mittels Regeln (Regelbasierte Prozessteuerung) sowie ein positiver Kosten-Nutzen-Vergleich. Praktiker können diese Kriterien verwenden, um eine systematische Auswahl von RPA-relevanten Prozessen vorzunehmen. Aus wissenschaftlicher Perspektive stellen die Ergebnisse eine Grundlage zur Erklärung des Erfolgs und Misserfolgs von RPA-Projekten dar. KW - Robotic Process Automation KW - RPA KW - Prozessautomatisierung KW - Prozessverbesserung KW - Selektionskriterien Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40702-020-00665-0 SN - 1436-3011 N1 - Corresponding author: Mathias Eggert VL - 57 IS - 6 SP - 1150 EP - 1162 PB - Springer CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jildeh, Zaid B. A1 - Wagner, Patrick H. A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Sterilization of Objects, Products, and Packaging Surfaces and Their Characterization in Different Fields of Industry: The Status in 2020 JF - physica status solidi (a) applications and materials science N2 - The treatment method to deactivate viable microorganisms from objects or products is termed sterilization. There are multiple forms of sterilization, each intended to be applied for a specific target, which depends on—but not limited to—the thermal, physical, and chemical stability of that target. Herein, an overview on the currently used sterilization processes in the global market is provided. Different sterilization techniques are grouped under a category that describes the method of treatment: radiation (gamma, electron beam, X-ray, and ultraviolet), thermal (dry and moist heat), and chemical (ethylene oxide, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide). For each sterilization process, the typical process parameters as defined by regulations and the mode of antimicrobial activity are summarized. Finally, the recommended microorganisms that are used as biological indicators to validate sterilization processes in accordance with the rules that are established by various regulatory agencies are summarized. KW - bioburdens KW - sterility tests KW - sterilization efficacy KW - sterilization methods KW - validation methods Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202000732 SN - 1862-6319 N1 - Corresponding author: Michael J. Schöning VL - 218 IS - 13 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stollenwerk, Dominik A1 - Reinkensmeier, Sebastian A1 - Georg, Jörg Heiner A1 - Jungbluth, Christian T1 - „Smartes“ Laden an öffentlich zugänglichen Ladesäulen – Teil 2: USER-Verhalten und -Erwartungen JF - Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen : et ; Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, Recht, Technik und Umwelt Y1 - 2021 SN - 0720-6240 SN - 0013-743X VL - 71 IS - 3 SP - 38 EP - 42 PB - ETV Energieverlag CY - Essen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Georg, Jörg Heiner A1 - Stollenwerk, Dominik A1 - Reinkensmeier, Sebastian A1 - Jungbluth, Christian T1 - „Smartes“ Laden an öffentlich zugänglichen Ladesäulen – Teil 1: Quo vadis, Marktdesign? JF - Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen : et ; Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, Recht, Technik und Umwelt Y1 - 2021 SN - 0720-6240 SN - 0013-743X VL - 71 IS - 1/2 SP - 64 EP - 69 PB - ETV Energieverlag CY - Essen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jablonski, Melanie A1 - Münstermann, Felix A1 - Nork, Jasmina A1 - Molinnus, Denise A1 - Muschallik, Lukas A1 - Bongaerts, Johannes A1 - Wagner, Torsten A1 - Keusgen, Michael A1 - Siegert, Petra A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef T1 - Capacitive field‐effect biosensor applied for the detection of acetoin in alcoholic beverages and fermentation broths JF - physica status solidi (a) applications and materials science N2 - An acetoin biosensor based on a capacitive electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) structure modified with the enzyme acetoin reductase, also known as butane-2,3-diol dehydrogenase (Bacillus clausii DSM 8716ᵀ), is applied for acetoin detection in beer, red wine, and fermentation broth samples for the first time. The EIS sensor consists of an Al/p-Si/SiO₂/Ta₂O₅ layer structure with immobilized acetoin reductase on top of the Ta₂O₅ transducer layer by means of crosslinking via glutaraldehyde. The unmodified and enzyme-modified sensors are electrochemically characterized by means of leakage current, capacitance–voltage, and constant capacitance methods, respectively. KW - acetoin KW - acetoin reductase KW - alcoholic beverages KW - biosensors KW - capacitive field-effect sensors Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.202000765 SN - 1862-6319 VL - 218 IS - 13 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tippkötter, Nils A1 - Roth, Jasmine T1 - Purified Butanol from Lignocellulose – Solvent‐Impregnated Resins for an Integrated Selective Removal JF - Chemie Ingenieur Technik N2 - In traditional microbial biobutanol production, the solvent must be recovered during fermentation process for a sufficient space-time yield. Thermal separation is not feasible due to the boiling point of n-butanol. As an integrated and selective solid-liquid separation alternative, solvent impregnated resins (SIRs) were applied. Two polymeric resins were evaluated and an extractant screening was conducted. Vacuum application with vapor collection in fixed-bed column as bioreactor bypass was successfully implemented as butanol desorption step. In course of further increasing process economics, fermentation with renewable lignocellulosic substrates was conducted using Clostridium acetobutylicum. Utilization of SIR was shown to be a potential strategy for solvent removal from fermentation broth, while application of a bypass column allows for product removal and recovery at once. KW - Biofuel KW - Biorefinery KW - Butanol KW - Clostridium acetobutylicum KW - Lignocellulose Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.202000200 SN - 1522-2640 VL - 92 IS - 11 SP - 1741 EP - 1751 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dachwald, Bernd A1 - Ulamec, Stephan A1 - Postberg, Frank A1 - Sohl, Frank A1 - Vera, Jean-Pierre de A1 - Christoph, Waldmann A1 - Lorenz, Ralph D. A1 - Hellard, Hugo A1 - Biele, Jens A1 - Rettberg, Petra T1 - Key technologies and instrumentation for subsurface exploration of ocean worlds JF - Space Science Reviews N2 - In this chapter, the key technologies and the instrumentation required for the subsurface exploration of ocean worlds are discussed. The focus is laid on Jupiter’s moon Europa and Saturn’s moon Enceladus because they have the highest potential for such missions in the near future. The exploration of their oceans requires landing on the surface, penetrating the thick ice shell with an ice-penetrating probe, and probably diving with an underwater vehicle through dozens of kilometers of water to the ocean floor, to have the chance to find life, if it exists. Technologically, such missions are extremely challenging. The required key technologies include power generation, communications, pressure resistance, radiation hardness, corrosion protection, navigation, miniaturization, autonomy, and sterilization and cleaning. Simpler mission concepts involve impactors and penetrators or – in the case of Enceladus – plume-fly-through missions. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00707-5 SN - 1572-9672 N1 - Corresponding author: Bernd Dachwald VL - 216 IS - Art. 83 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pfaff, Raphael A1 - Gidaszewski, Lars A1 - Schmidt, Bernd T1 - Berücksichtigung von No Fault Found im Diagnose- und Instandhaltungssystem von Schienenfahrzeugen JF - ETR - Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau N2 - Intermittierende und nicht reproduzierbare Fehler, auch als No Fault Found bezeichnet, treten in praktisch allen Bereichen auf und sorgen für hohe Kosten. Diese sind häufig auf unpräzise Fehlerbeschreibungen zurückzuführen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Anpassungen der Vorgehensweise bei der Entwicklung und Anpassungen des Diagnosesystems vorgeschlagen. Y1 - 2020 SN - 0013-2845 IS - 5 SP - 56 EP - 59 PB - DVV Media Group CY - Hamburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Capitain, Charlotte A1 - Wagner, Sebastian A1 - Hummel, Joana A1 - Tippkötter, Nils T1 - Investigation of C–N Formation Between Catechols and Chitosan for the Formation of a Strong, Novel Adhesive Mimicking Mussel Adhesion JF - Waste and Biomass Valorization Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01110-5 SN - 1877-265X N1 - Corresponding author: Nils Tippkötter VL - 12 SP - 1761 EP - 1779 PB - Springer Nature CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Finger, Felix A1 - Götten, Falk A1 - Braun, Carsten A1 - Bil, Cees T1 - Mass, primary energy, and cost: the impact of optimization objectives on the initial sizing of hybrid-electric general aviation aircraft JF - CEAS Aeronautical Journal N2 - For short take-off and landing (STOL) aircraft, a parallel hybrid-electric propulsion system potentially offers superior performance compared to a conventional propulsion system, because the short-take-off power requirement is much higher than the cruise power requirement. This power-matching problem can be solved with a balanced hybrid propulsion system. However, there is a trade-off between wing loading, power loading, the level of hybridization, as well as range and take-off distance. An optimization method can vary design variables in such a way that a minimum of a particular objective is attained. In this paper, a comparison between the optimization results for minimum mass, minimum consumed primary energy, and minimum cost is conducted. A new initial sizing algorithm for general aviation aircraft with hybrid-electric propulsion systems is applied. This initial sizing methodology covers point performance, mission performance analysis, the weight estimation process, and cost estimation. The methodology is applied to the design of a STOL general aviation aircraft, intended for on-demand air mobility operations. The aircraft is sized to carry eight passengers over a distance of 500 km, while able to take off and land from short airstrips. Results indicate that parallel hybrid-electric propulsion systems must be considered for future STOL aircraft. Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13272-020-00449-8 SN - 1869-5590 N1 - Corresponding author: Felix Finger VL - 2020 IS - 11 SP - 713 EP - 730 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Özsoylu, Dua A1 - Kizildag, Sefa A1 - Schöning, Michael Josef A1 - Wagner, Torsten T1 - Effect of plasma treatment on the sensor properties of a light‐addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) JF - physica status solidi a : applications and materials sciences N2 - A light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is a field-effect-based (bio-) chemical sensor, in which a desired sensing area on the sensor surface can be defined by illumination. Light addressability can be used to visualize the concentration and spatial distribution of the target molecules, e.g., H+ ions. This unique feature has great potential for the label-free imaging of the metabolic activity of living organisms. The cultivation of those organisms needs specially tailored surface properties of the sensor. O2 plasma treatment is an attractive and promising tool for rapid surface engineering. However, the potential impacts of the technique are carefully investigated for the sensors that suffer from plasma-induced damage. Herein, a LAPS with a Ta2O5 pH-sensitive surface is successfully patterned by plasma treatment, and its effects are investigated by contact angle and scanning LAPS measurements. The plasma duration of 30 s (30 W) is found to be the threshold value, where excessive wettability begins. Furthermore, this treatment approach causes moderate plasma-induced damage, which can be reduced by thermal annealing (10 min at 300 °C). These findings provide a useful guideline to support future studies, where the LAPS surface is desired to be more hydrophilic by O2 plasma treatment. Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201900259 SN - 1862-6319 N1 - Corresponding author: Torsten Wagner VL - 216 IS - 20 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wingens, Niklas A1 - May, Jörg A1 - Pfaff, Raphael T1 - Betrieblich-technische Innovationsansätze zur Bremsprobe nach einer Prozessänderung JF - Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau : ETR ; Zeitschrift für die gesamte Eisenbahntechnik Y1 - 2019 SN - 0013-2845 IS - 5 PB - DVV Media Group CY - Hamburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wollert, Jörg T1 - OS-Funktionalität ohne OS für das IoT JF - Design & Elektronik N2 - Low-end-Embedded-Plattformen stellen eine hohe Anforderung an die Entscheidungsfähigkeit des Entwicklers: Zum nächstgrößeren Prozessor greifen und ein Betriebssystem benutzen oder doch besser auf das Betriebssystem verzichten? Die Frage lässt sich einfach beantworten: Einen Nanokernel verwenden und das Embedded-System mit einem minimalen Footprint realisieren. Adam Dunkels Protothreads sind eine ausgesprochen effiziente Art, Mikrocontroller gut strukturiert zu programmieren und gleichzeitig auf Overhead zu verzichten. So können auch mit kleinen 8-bit-Prozessoren anspruchsvolle Aufgaben in einem Thread-Modell bearbeitet werden. Man muss also nicht immer das Rad neu erfinden oder gleich auf Linux-basierte Systeme zurückgreifen. KW - Designpraxis KW - Minimal-Ansatz für Embedded-Systeme Y1 - 2016 SN - 0933-8667 IS - 11 SP - 85 EP - 90 PB - WEKA-Fachmedien CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wollert, Jörg A1 - Booke, Andreas T1 - IoT von der Stange JF - elektronik N2 - Heute sollte am besten jedes Gerät in die große Rechnerwolke eingebettet werden. Doch so einfach ist das nicht, denn Cloud ist viel mehr als nur das Internet der Dinge. Als Anwender muss man sich also fragen, welche Dienste man möchte und welchem Anbieter man sein Vertrauen schenkt. KW - Einbetten in das Internet der Dinge Y1 - 2016 IS - 21 (2016) SP - 30 EP - 37 PB - WEKA-Fachmedien CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wollert, Jörg T1 - Rapid Application Development JF - Design & Elektronik N2 - Das IoT ist ohne eingebettete Systeme undenkbar. Erst kleine und kleinste Mikrocontroller mit intelligenten Kommunikationsschnittstellen und Anbindung ans Internet ermöglichen sinnvolles und flächendeckendes Einsammeln von Daten. Doch wie kompliziert ist der Einstieg in die Embedded-Welt? Dieser Artikel gibt Einblick, wie die »Arduino-Plattform« die Einstiegshürden für eingebettete Systeme dramatisch reduzieren kann. Y1 - 2016 SN - 0933-8667 IS - 4 SP - 8 EP - 11 PB - WEKA-Fachmedien CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wollert, Jörg T1 - IO-Link – für smarte Sensoren JF - elektroniknet.de Y1 - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wollert, Jörg T1 - Echtzeit-Ethernet mit Standardtechnik JF - Elektronik : Fachmedium für industrielle Anwender und Entwickler ; Sonderh. Embedded : Fachmagazin für die Entwicklung von Embedded-Systemen Y1 - 2014 SN - 0013-5658 VL - Bd. 63 IS - H. 12 SP - 28 EP - 32 PB - WEKA-Fachmedien CY - Haar ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wollert, Jörg T1 - Echtzeit-Ethernet : Protokoll-Reigen JF - Elektronik : Fachmedium für industrielle Anwender und Entwickler Y1 - 2014 SN - 0013-5658 VL - Bd. 63 IS - H. 26 SP - 24 EP - 31 PB - WEKA-Fachmedien CY - Haar ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wollert, Jörg T1 - Funkstandards für Sensornetzwerke JF - Elektronik : Fachmedium für industrielle Anwender und Entwickler Y1 - 2014 SN - 0013-5658 VL - Bd. 63 IS - H. 12 SP - 36 EP - 41 PB - WEKA-Fachmedien CY - Haar ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fiedler, Gerda A1 - Henn, Gudrun A1 - Melcher, Karin T1 - ANPAK - ein semesterbegleitender Anpassungskurs JF - Zeitschrift für Hochschulentwicklung N2 - In Folge mehrjähriger statistischer Untersuchungen an der FH Aachen ist unter anderem ein Eingangstest entstanden, der als Diagnosetool für einen erfolgreichen Studieneinstieg verwendet wird. Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass ein Testergebnis von weniger als 25 (von maximal 56 erreichbaren) Punkten die Chance auf einen erfolgreichen Studieneinstieg deutlich verringert. Ungefähr die Hälfte aller Erstsemester hat weniger als 25 Punkte im Eingangstest. Weniger als 20 % dieser Gruppe bestehen innerhalb eines Jahres die Klausur Mathematik 1. Die investierte Zeit von zwei Semestern ist mit Blick auf den Wissenszuwachs und damit letztendlich den Studienerfolg nicht effizient genutzt. Deshalb haben wir im WS 2013/14 einen semesterbegleitenden Anpassungskurs für diese Gruppe installiert. Ziel eines solchen Kurses ist es, die Student/innen innerhalb eines Jahres in die Lage zu versetzen, nach zwei Semestern problemlos den Vorlesungen in Mathematik zu folgen. Dieser Artikel beschreibt das Konzept dieses Anpassungskurses und zeigt erste Ergebnisse und Probleme des Pilotdurchgangs auf. Y1 - 2014 SN - 2219-6994 VL - 9 IS - 4 SP - 85 EP - 100 PB - ÖGHD CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blaß, Hans Joachim A1 - Uibel, Thomas T1 - Bemessungsvorschläge für Verbindungsmittel in Brettsperrholz JF - Bauen mit Holz Y1 - 2009 SN - 0005-6545 N1 - gedruckt in der Bereichsbibliothek Bayernallee unter der Signatur 13 Z 117 VL - 111 IS - 2 SP - 46 EP - 53 PB - Rudolf Müller CY - Köln ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Uibel, Thomas T1 - Bemessung stiftförmiger Verbindungsmittel in Brettsperrholz – Anwendung aktueller Forschungsergebnisse JF - Praktische Anwendung von Massivholzplatten : 39. Fortbildungskurs SAH Schweizerische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Holzforschung ; 7./8. November 2007 in Weinfelden Y1 - 2007 SN - 3-906703-19-3 N1 - Fortbildungskurs SAH Schweizerische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Holzforschung ; (39 ; 2007.11.07-08 ; Weinfelden) SP - 183 EP - 192 PB - SAH CY - Dübendorf ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Heitzer, M. T1 - Limit and Shakedown Analysis Using a General Purpose Finite Element Code JF - Proceedings of NAFEMS World Congress '97 on Design, Simulation & Optimisation : reliability & applicability of computational methods ; Stuttgart, Germany, 9 - 11 April 1997 Y1 - 1997 SN - 1-87437-620-4 SP - 522 EP - 533 PB - NAFEMS CY - Glasgow ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Akimbekov, Nuraly Shardarbekovich A1 - Mansurov, Zulkhair A1 - Jandosov, J. A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Gossmann, Matthias A1 - Artmann, Gerhard A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül A1 - Zhubanova, Azhar A. T1 - Wound healing activity of carbonized rice husk N2 - The carbonized rice husk (CRH) was evaluated for its wound healing activity in rats using excision models. In this study, the influences of CRH on wound healing in rat skin in vivo and cellular behavior of human dermal fibroblasts in vitro were investigated. The obtained results showed that the CRH treatment promoted wound epithelization in rats and exhibited moderate inhibition of cell proliferation in vitro. CRH with lanolin oil treated wounds were found to epithelize faster as compared to controls. KW - Wundheilung KW - Epithel KW - Fibroblast KW - carbonized rice husk KW - wound healing KW - epithelization KW - human dermal fibroblasts Y1 - 2013 PB - Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland CY - Bäch ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bogoyavlenskiy, A. P. A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Berezin, V. E. T1 - Assessment of dot-blot ELISA sensitivity on membrane sorbent using various peroxidase substrates N2 - The sensitivity of the peroxidase reaction in dot-blot ELISA significantly depends on the substrate. The highest sensitivity is observed using benzidine and diamine- phenol combinations as the substrates due to the reaction of the coupled oxidation (NADI) KW - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay KW - Peroxidase KW - ELISA KW - phenols KW - naphtols KW - aromatic amines Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhubanova, Azhar A. A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Nojima, H. A1 - Artmann, Gerhard T1 - The use of bactericidal effects of cluster ions generated by plasma in medical biotechnology N2 - The most of conventional methods of air purification use the power of a fan to draw in air and pass it through a filter. The problem of bacterial contamination of inner parts of such a type of air conditioners in some cases draws attention towards alternative air-cleaning systems. Some manufacturers offer to use the ozone's bactericidal and deodorizing effects, but the wide spreading of such systems is restricted by the fact that toxic effects of ozone in respect of human beings are well known. In 2000 Sharp Inc. introduced "Plasma Cluster Ions (PCI)" air purification technology, which uses plasma discharge to generate cluster ions (I 0-14 ). This technology has been developed for those customers that are conscious about health and hygiene. In our experiments, we focused on some principal aspects of plasma-generated ions application - time-dependency and irreversibility of bactericidal action, spatial and kinetic characteristics of emitted cluster particles, their chemical targets in the microbial cells. KW - Clusterion KW - Raumluft KW - Luftreiniger KW - Plasmacluster ion technology KW - Air purification Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhubanova, Azhar A. A1 - Aknazarov, S. K. A1 - Mansurov, Zulkhair A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Kozhalakova, A. A. A1 - Akimbekov, Nuraly Shardarbekovich A1 - O'Heras, Carlos A1 - Tazhibayeva, S. A1 - Artmann, Gerhard A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül T1 - Adsorption of bacterial Lipopolysaccharides and blood plasma proteins on modified carbonized materials N2 - Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins) show strong biological effects at very low concentrations in human beings and many animals when entering the blood stream. These include affecting structure and function of organs and cells, changing metabolic functions, raising body temperature, triggering the coagulation cascade, modifying hemodynamics and causing septic shock. Because of this toxicity, the removal of even minute amounts is essential for safe parenteral administration of drugs and also for septic shock patients' care. The absence of a general method for endotoxin removal from liquid interfaces urgently requires finding new methods and materials to overcome this gap. Nanostructured carbonized plant parts is a promising material that showed good adsorption properties due to its vast pore network and high surface area. The aim of this study was comparative measurement of endotoxin- and blood proteins-related adsorption rate and adsorption capacity for different carboneous materials produced at different temperatures and under different surface modifications. As a main surface modificator, positively cbarged polymer, polyethileneimine (PEl) was used. Activated carbon materials showed good adsorption properties for LPS and some proteins used in the experiments. During the batch experiments, several techniques (dust removal, autoclaving) were used and optimized for improving the material's adsorption behavior. Also, with the results obtained it was possible to differentiate the materials according to their adsorption capacity and kinetic characteristics. Modification of the surface apparently has not affected hemoglobin binding to the adsorbent's surface. Obtained adsorption isotherms can be used as a powerful tool for designing of future column-based setups for blood purification from LPS, which is especially important for septic shock treatment. KW - Kohlenstofffaser KW - Lipopolysaccharide KW - nanostrukturierte carbonisierte Pflanzenteile KW - lipopolysaccharides KW - nanostructured carbonized plant parts Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seifarth, Volker A1 - Schehl, D. A1 - Linder, Peter A1 - Gossmann, Matthias A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Artmann, Gerhard A1 - Porst, Dariusz A1 - Preiß, C. A1 - Kayser, Peter A1 - Pack, O. A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül T1 - Ureplace: development of a bioreactor for in vitro culturing of cell seeded tubular vessels on collagen scaffolds N2 - The demand of replacements for inoperable organs exceeds the amount of available organ transplants. Therefore, tissue engineering developed as a multidisciplinary field of research for autologous in-vitro organs. Such three dimensional tissue constructs request the application of a bioreactor. The UREPLACE bioreactor is used to grow cells on tubular collagen scaffolds OPTIMAIX Sponge 1 with a maximal length of 7 cm, in order to culture in vitro an adequate ureter replacement. With a rotating unit, (urothelial) cells can be placed homogeneously on the inner scaffold surface. Furthermore, a stimulation is combined with this bioreactor resulting in an orientation of muscle cells. These culturing methods request a precise control of several parameters and actuators. A combination of a LabBox and the suitable software LabVision is used to set and conduct parameters like rotation angles, velocities, pressures and other important cell culture values. The bioreactor was tested waterproof successfully. Furthermore, the temperature controlling was adjusted to 37 °C and the CO2 - concentration regulated to 5 %. Additionally, the pH step responses of several substances showed a perfect functioning of the designed flow chamber. All used software was tested and remained stable for several days. KW - Tissue Engineering KW - Bioreaktor KW - Organkultur KW - Harnleiter Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Preiß, C. A1 - Linder, Peter A1 - Wendt, K. A1 - Krystek, M. A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Gossmann, Matthias A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül A1 - Porst, Dariusz A1 - Kayser, Peter A1 - Bassam, Rasha A1 - Artmann, Gerhard T1 - Engineering technology for plant physiology and plant stress research N2 - Plant physiology and plant stress: Plant physiology will be much more important for human mankind because of yield and cultivation limits of crops determined by their resistance to stress. To assess and counteract various stress factors it is necessary to conduct plant research to gain information and results on plant physiology. KW - Pflanzenphysiologie KW - Pflanzenstress KW - Pflanzenscanner KW - plant stress KW - plant scanner Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bassam, Rasha A1 - Artmann, Gerhard A1 - Hescheler, Jürgen A1 - Graef, T. A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül A1 - Porst, Dariusz A1 - Linder, Peter A1 - Kayser, Peter A1 - Arinkin, Vladimir A1 - Gossmann, Matthias A1 - Digel, Ilya T1 - Alterations in human hemoglobin structure related to red blood cell storage N2 - The importance of the availability of stored blood or blood cells, respectively, for urgent transfusion cannot be overestimated. Nowadays, blood storage becomes even more important since blood products are used for epidemiological studies, bio-technical research or banked for transfusion purposes. Thus blood samples must not only be processed, stored, and shipped to preserve their efficacy and safety, but also all parameters of storage must be recorded and reported for Quality Assurance. Therefore, blood banks and clinical research facilities are seeking more accurate, automated means for blood storage and blood processing. KW - Hämoglobin KW - Hämoglobinstruktur KW - Blutzellenlagerung KW - Hemoglobin structure KW - Red blood cell storage Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gorissen, P. A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Laack, Walter van T1 - Experimentelle Kraftmessungen als Beitrag zur Wirksamkeitsbeurteilung von Schienbeinschonern im Fußballsport T1 - Experimental measurement of forces as a contribution to evaluate the effectiveness of shin guards in soccer JF - OUP Zeitschrift für die orthopädische und unfallchirurgische Praxis N2 - Diese Studie beschäftigte sich mit der Dämpfungswirkung von Schienbeinschonern, wie sie beim Fußball zum Einsatz kommen. Sie wurde mit Hilfe eines Pendelhammers durchgeführt, der verschiedene Aufschlagkräfte auf die Schoner ermöglichte. Dabei wurde deutlich, dass Schienbeinschoner die beste Wirkung bei Maximalkräften unterhalb von 5kN erreichen können, dass bei größerer Belastung allerdings Verbesserungsbedarf besteht. Hierfür konnte, u.a. durch den Einsatz neuer Materialien, ein guter Ansatzpunkt im „adäquaten Zusammenspiel von Schale und Polsterung“ der Schoner gefunden werden. Die Untersuchung hat weiterhin gezeigt, dass zumindest teilweise eine deutliche Verbesserung der Dämpfungswirkung der Schienbeinschoner in den letzten Jahren erreicht werden konnte. N2 - This study was conducted to test the damping effects of commercially available soccer shin guards on their damping effects. Therefore a pendulum impact apparatus with varying impact forces was used. It became clear that shin guards show the best effect at maximum forces of less than 5kN. There is however a need for improvement at greater impact forces. A good starting point was found in an „appropriate interaction of shell and padding” of the shin guard. It was further clarified that a significant improvement on the damping effect could be achieved at least partially over the last years. KW - Fußball KW - Schienbeinschoner KW - Aufschlagversuch Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3238/oup.2012.0010-0015 SN - 2193-5785 VL - 1 IS - 1 SP - 10 EP - 15 PB - Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag CY - Köln ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Levers, A. A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Laack, Walter van T1 - Analyse der Langzeitwirkung der MBST® KernspinResonanzTherapie bei Gonarthrose T1 - Analysis of the Long-term Effect of the MBST® Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Therapy on Gonarthrosis N2 - Originalausgabe: Orthopädische Praxis Jg. 47. 2011 H. 11; S. 536-543. Mit freundlicher Genehmigung des Verlags Zusammenfassung: Auf der Basis von Patientenabfragen mittels Fragebogen zum Schmerzempfinden und zur Einschränkung bei Aktivitäten des alltäglichen Lebens wird die Langzeitwirkung der MBST® KernspinResonanz-Therapie bei Gonarthrose untersucht. An der Studie nahmen 39 Patienten teil, bei denen die Therapie bis zu vier Jahre zurückliegt. Neben einer Gesamtbetrachtung wird der Erfolg auch in Abhängigkeit von Alter, Geschlecht und sportlicher Aktivität analysiert. Insgesamt weist die Studie auf eine anhaltende Verbesserung des Gesundheitszustands mit zum Teil deutlicher Schmerzlinderung auch noch nach vier Jahren hin, jedoch mit einer leichten Schmerzzunahme gegen Ende des Untersuchungszeitraums von vier Jahren. Eine tendenziell positivere Wirkung bei Frauen, älteren Menschen oder auch sportlich nicht-aktiven Patienten lässt auf eine mögliche Beeinflussung des Erfolgs der Therapie durch (Über-)Belastung im Alltag schließen. Ein zusätzlich positiver Effekt der Therapie auf die Knochendichte ist ebenfalls denkbar, dies bleibt jedoch offen. N2 - Original edition: Orthopädische Praxis Vol. 47. 2011 Issue 11; P. 536-543. On the friendly authority of the publisher. Abstract: Based upon a questionnaire for patient-queries regarding pain-sensation and activity-restrictions during everyday task, the long-term effect of MBST® nuclear magnetic resonance therapy is studied in osteoarthritis of the knee. 39 patients, whose therapy dates back up to four years, participated in the study. In addition to an overall view, the success of this therapy is also analyzed regarding age, gender and physical activities. Overall, the study pointed out a sustained improvement in the patients´ local health-status with a significant pain-relief even after four years, but also with a slight increase in pain towards the end of that four-year period. There tends to be more positive effect on women, on elderly of also on even non-sports-active patients which suggest a possible influence by daily (over)-stressing on the success of the therapy. An additional positive effect of the therapy on bone density is also conceivable, however, this remains open. KW - Kniegelenkarthrose KW - Gonarthrose KW - MBST KW - Arthosetherapie KW - gonarthrosis KW - MBST KW - arthrosis therapy Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Staat, Manfred A1 - Ballmann, J. T1 - Computation of impacts on elastic solids by methods of bicharacteristics JF - Computational Mechanics '88 : theory and applications ; proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Engineering Science April 10-14, 1988, Atlanta, GA, USA ; vol. 2 N2 - Shock waves, explosions, impacts or cavitation bubble collapses may generate stress waves in solids causing cracks or unexpected dammage due to focussing, physical nonlinearity or interaction with existing cracks. There is a growing interest in wave propagation, which poses many novel problems to experimentalists and theorists. KW - Bicharakteristikenverfahren KW - Elastizität KW - elastic solids KW - bicharacteristics Y1 - 1988 SP - 1719 EP - 1722 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraft, Bodo A1 - Nagl, Manfred T1 - Visual Knowledge Specification for Conceptual Design: Definition and Tool Support N2 - In: Advanced Engineering Informatics. Vol 21, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 67-83 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2006.10.001 eds. J.C. Kunz, I.F.C. Smith and T. Tomiyama, Elsevier, Seite 1-22 Current CAD tools are not able to support the conceptual design phase, and none of them provides a consistency analysis for sketches produced by architects. This phase is fundamental and crucial for the whole design and construction process of a building. To give architects a better support, we developed a CAD tool for conceptual design and a knowledge specification tool. The knowledge is specific to one class of buildings and it can be reused. Based on a dynamic and domain-specific knowledge ontology, different types of design rules formalize this knowledge in a graph-based form. An expressive visual language provides a user-friendly, human readable representation. Finally, a consistency analysis tool enables conceptual designs to be checked against this formal conceptual knowledge. In this article, we concentrate on the knowledge specification part. For that, we introduce the concepts and usage of a novel visual language and describe its semantics. To demonstrate the usability of our approach, two graph-based visual tools for knowledge specification and conceptual design are explained. KW - CAD KW - CAD KW - Bauingenieurwesen KW - CAD KW - civil engineering Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraft, Bodo T1 - Conceptual design mit ArchiCAD 8 : Forschungsprojekt an der RWTH Aachen N2 - Projektbericht in GraphisoftNews - Architektur und Bauen in einer vernetzten Welt 3/2003 4 Seiten KW - CAD KW - CAD KW - Bauingenieurwesen KW - Architektur KW - CAD KW - civil engineering KW - architecture Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weßling, Matthias T1 - Aktives Nachfolger-Coaching für den Mittelstand setzt früh an : innovative Idee für Studierende der FH Aachen N2 - Es gibt oft Schwierigkeiten in der Unternehmernachfolge wegen fehlender Beratung. Die FH Aachen bietet ihren Studierenden seit 2007 ein Coaching an. KW - Unternehmernachfolge KW - Coaching Y1 - 2008 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wettingfeld, Jürgen A1 - Kern, Alexander A1 - Krämer, Heinz-Josef A1 - Thormählen, Reyno T1 - International anerkannte Blitzschutznormen : Ausgewogener und sicherer Schutz N2 - Die Einleitung zur Norm DIN EN 62305-3 beschreibt klar und ein - deutig: Der vorliegende Teil der IEC 62305 behandelt den Schutz von baulichen Anlagen gegen materielle Schäden und den Schutz von Personen gegen Verletzungen durch Berührungs- und Schrittspannungen. Als das wesentlichste und effektivste Mittel zum Schutz von baulichen Anlagen gegen materielle Schäden gilt das Blitz - schutzsystem (LPS). KW - Blitzschutz KW - lightning protection Y1 - 2009 PB - Fachhochschule Aachen CY - Aachen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lohr, Jürgen T1 - Probleme der Multimedia Dienste im nationalen und internationalen Umfeld N2 - In: Telekom-Praxis. Ausgabe 1998. 25 S. KW - Multimediamarkt Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lohr, Jürgen T1 - Modellierung von Multimedia-Diensten mit Hilfe der Chaostheorie N2 - In: Unterrichtsblätter / Deutsche Telekom AG. 53. 2000. 11. S. 618-634 (17 S.) Wo man hinblickt: Turbulenzen, Unvorhersagbarkeiten, Unregelmäßigkeiten – kurz Chaos. Ist unsere wissenschaftliche Sichtweise falsch, alle Vorgänge des Kosmos auf die Basis der Ordnung abzubilden? – Nein. Mit Chaos ist nicht Fehlen jeglicher Ordnung und völlig regelloses Durcheinander gemeint, sondern – auf Grund der Vernetztheit der vielen Elemente, die miteinander eine Wechselwirkung haben – die Unberechenbarkeit der Naturprozesse. Die Chaostheorie erlaubt durch die Modellierung weit auseinander liegende Problemfelder miteinander zu verknüpfen, um dann in einem Modell die Zusammenhänge erkennbar zu machen. Mit Hilfe der Chaostheorie werden gesellschaftliche Prozesse abgebildet und dann mit einer Simulation neue, globale Strategien erstellt, um kritische Systempunkte (Systemelemente) zu erkennen. Der nachfolgende Beitrag beschreibt die Modellierung am Beispiel der Multimedia-Dienste und gibt mit einem umfassenden Glossar eine Einführung in die Begrifflichkeiten der Chaostheorie. Die Chaostheorie ist die mathematisch-physikalische Theorie zur Beschreibung von Systemen, die zwar durch Gesetzmäßigkeiten determiniert sind, bei denen aber kleine Änderungen der Anfangsbedingungen ein exponentielles Anwachsen von Störungen bewirken. Das Verhalten derartiger Systeme führt zur Ausbildung chaotischer Strukturen und ist langfristig nicht vorhersagbar. Die Chaostheorie ist beispielsweise in der nichtlinearen Optik, bei chemischen Reaktionen und der Wettervorhersage anwendbar. KW - Chaostheorie KW - Multimediamarkt KW - Chaostheorie KW - Multimedia-Dienst Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lohr, Jürgen T1 - Content-Management für die Verteilung von Multimedia-Diensten N2 - In: Unterrichtsblätter / Deutsche Telekom AG. 54. 2001. 7. S. 410-420 (11 S. ) Angesichts der zunehmenden Globalisierung von Informationen und Informationsdiensten können Inhalte (Contents) für mehrere unterschiedliche Dienste genutzt und auf verschiedenen Endgeräten ausgegeben werden. Hier setzt ein Content-Management-System (CMS) an, welches sowohl für die Kunden als auch für die Anbieter der unterschiedlich distribuierten Dienste Synergien und somit Einsparpotenziale bietet. Darüber hinaus werden für die Anbieter dieser Dienste durch die allgemeine Definition von Leistungstools und die Definition von Wertschöpfungsketten künftige Produktentwicklungen vereinheitlicht und optimiert werden. Mit der Entwicklung und Vertriebsfreigabe immer weiterer Informationsdienste, die von verschiedenen Dienste-Providern betrieben werden, ist der Bedarf an einer Koordinierung der Entwicklungen und Investitionen im Bereich der Content-Akquisition und des Content-Management (CM) bedeutend angestiegen. Neben Akquisition, lizenzrechtlichen Fragen und Verwaltung des im Rahmen von Diensten angebotenen Content rücken vor allem auch Fragen der Gestaltung von Content-Management-Plattformen (CMP) immer stärker in den Blickpunkt. Der Beitrag stellt die globalen Ergebnisse dar, die in einem Forschungs- und Entwicklungsauftrag des Zentralbereichs Innovationsmanagement der Deutschen Telekom zu diesem Thema ermittelt wurden. Es werden die Kernmodule für eine Content- Management-Plattform beschrieben, die die Anforderungen an die Bereitstellung vielfältiger Content-Angebote erfüllt. Die folgenden Themen werden behandelt: + Begriffsbestimmung, + Content- und Dienste-Portfolio, + Standard Content-Prozess, + synergetische Content-Plattform (sCP), + Modelle der sCP, + Aspekte beim Betrieb und + Nutzen eines Content-Management. KW - Content Management KW - Multimediamarkt Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lohr, Jürgen T1 - Die Standards MPEG-4 und MPEG-7 in den Multimedia-Diensten N2 - In: Unterrichtsblätter / Deutsche Telekom AG. 53. 2000. 7. S. 326-340. (15 S. ) Die Multimedia-Dienste erhalten durch die Datenreduktion bei der Kompressionstechnologie eine Wirtschaftlichkeit, die den breiteren Einsatz von breitbandigen Diensten erlaubt. Die Dienste benötigen für die verschiedenen Medien nicht mehr so große Übertragungs- und Speicherleistungen. Bei den entwickelten Verfahren, den so genannten MPEG-(Motion Picture Experts Group-)Standards, werden die Video- und Tonsignale in die digitale Ebene überführt und anschließend unrelevante Signalanteile entfernt. Der daraus resultierende Datenstrom benötigt weniger Bandbreite bei der Übertragung zum Endkunden. Die MPEG-Organisation wurde bereits im Jahre 1988 ins Leben gerufen und ist ein gemeinsames Gremium der beiden Organisationen ISO (International Standard Organization) und IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission), welches sich mit der Standardisierung von Kodier- und Kompressionsverfahren für die digitalen Bild-, Video und Audioformate befasst. Mittlerweile sind vier wichtige Standards mit MPEG-1, MPEG-2 und MPEG-4 verabschiedet worden sowie mit MPEG-7 in Vorbereitung. Da die Grundlagen zu MPEG-1, -2 und -Audio bereits in anderen Beiträgen behandelt wurden, werden hier ausschließlich die neuen bzw. aktuellen MPEG-Standards vorgestellt. KW - MPEG 4 KW - MPEG 7 Y1 - 2000 ER -