TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schiffer, Stefan
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
A1  - Lakemeyer, Gerhard
T1  - Caesar: an intelligent domestic service robot
JF  - Intelligent service robotics
N2  - In this paper we present CAESAR, an intelligent domestic service robot. In domestic settings for service robots complex tasks have to be accomplished. Those tasks benefit from deliberation, from robust action execution and from flexible methods for human–robot interaction that account for qualitative notions used in natural language as well as human fallibility. Our robot CAESAR deploys AI techniques on several levels of its system architecture. On the low-level side, system modules for localization or navigation make, for instance, use of path-planning methods, heuristic search, and Bayesian filters. For face recognition and human–machine interaction, random trees and well-known methods from natural language processing are deployed. For deliberation, we use the robot programming and plan language READYLOG, which was developed for the high-level control of agents and robots; it allows combining programming the behaviour using planning to find a course of action. READYLOG is a variant of the robot programming language Golog. We extended READYLOG to be able to cope with qualitative notions of space frequently used by humans, such as “near” and “far”. This facilitates human–robot interaction by bridging the gap between human natural language and the numerical values needed by the robot. Further, we use READYLOG to increase the flexible interpretation of human commands with decision-theoretic planning. We give an overview of the different methods deployed in CAESAR and show the applicability of a system equipped with these AI techniques in domestic service robotics
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11370-012-0118-y
SN  - 1861-2776
N1  - Special Issue on Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Robotics: Sensing, Representation and Action, Part I
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
SP  - 259
EP  - 276
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zastrow, Udo
A1  - Rieder, G.
T1  - Bracketing eigenvalues of an oscillating elastic body by integral equations
JF  - Bracketing of eigenfrequencies of continous structures : Euromech Colloquium, no. 112, Mátrafüred (Hungary), 21 - 23 February, 1979 / ed. by À. Bosznay
Y1  - 1980
SN  - 963-05-2625-5
N1  - Euromech Colloquium <112, 1979, Mátrafüred>
SP  - 421
EP  - 434
PB  - Akad. Kiadó
CY  - Budapest
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heuermann, Holger
A1  - Erkens, Holger
T1  - Blocking structures for mixed-mode systems. / Erkens, Holger ; Heuermann, Holger
JF  - Conference proceedings : Tuesday 12th, Wednesday 13th and Thursday 14th October, [RAI International Exhibition and Congress Centre, Amsterdam ; part of European Microwave Week 2004] / EuMA, European Microwave Association. Vol. 1
Y1  - 2004
SN  - 1-580-53992-0
N1  - European Microwave Conference ; (34, 2004, Amsterdam) ; European Microwave Week ; (7, 2004, Amsterdam)
SP  - 297
EP  - 300
PB  - Horizon House Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hagebeuker, Bianca
A1  - Lange, Robert
A1  - Ringbeck, Thorsten
T1  - Bildverarbeitung mit der dritten Dimension : wenn die Pixel auch Laufzeiten auswerten
JF  - Sensor-Report : Sensorik, Messtechnik, Bildverarbeitung, Fabrikautomation. - 2004, H. 2
Y1  - 2004
SN  - 0179-9592
SP  - 11
EP  - 17
PB  - Rek & Thomas
CY  - St. Gallen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mayer, Claudia
T1  - Between Trans- and Interdisciplinarity. »Germanistik« and the Dialectic of Inclusion and Exclusion of the Other(s)
JF  - Language and literature today : proceedings of the XIXth triennal congress of the International Federation for Modern Languages and Literatures ; Brasília 22 - 30 August 1993. General ed. Neide de Faria.
Y1  - 1993
SN  - 85-230-0405-x
N1  - Band 2
SP  - 958
EP  - 966
PB  - Univ.
CY  - Brasilia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mayer, Claudia
T1  - Between Resistance and Affirmation: Christa Wolf and German Unification
JF  - Canadian review of comparative literature : CRCL = Revue canadienne de littérature comparée / Canadian Comparative Literature Association. 22 (1995), H. 3-4
Y1  - 1995
SN  - 0319-051X
SP  - 813
EP  - 835
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mühl, Thomas
T1  - Berechnung von Lichtintensitätsverteilungen in streuenden Medien
Y1  - 1988
N1  - Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 1988
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ritz, Thomas
A1  - Ellerweg, Roland
T1  - Benutzerzentrierte Entwicklung mobiler Unternehmenssoftware, Teil 2 : die Iterative Entwicklung
JF  - dot.net-magazin
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 1619-7933
VL  - 2008
IS  - 12
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ritz, Thomas
A1  - Ellerweg, Roland
T1  - Benutzerzentrierte Entwicklung mobiler Unternehmenssoftware, Teil 1
JF  - dot.NET-Magazin
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 1619-7933
VL  - 2008
IS  - 11
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schulte-Tigges, Joschua
A1  - Förster, Marco
A1  - Nikolovski, Gjorgji
A1  - Reke, Michael
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
A1  - Kaszner, Daniel
A1  - Matheis, Dominik
A1  - Walter, Thomas
T1  - Benchmarking of various LiDAR sensors for use in self-driving vehicles in real-world environments
JF  - Sensors
N2  - Abstract
In this paper, we report on our benchmark results of the LiDAR sensors Livox Horizon, Robosense M1, Blickfeld Cube, Blickfeld Cube Range, Velodyne Velarray H800, and Innoviz Pro. The idea was to test the sensors in different typical scenarios that were defined with real-world use cases in mind, in order to find a sensor that meet the requirements of self-driving vehicles. For this, we defined static and dynamic benchmark scenarios. In the static scenarios, both LiDAR and the detection target do not move during the measurement. In dynamic scenarios, the LiDAR sensor was mounted on the vehicle which was driving toward the detection target. We tested all mentioned LiDAR sensors in both scenarios, show the results regarding the detection accuracy of the targets, and discuss their usefulness for deployment in self-driving cars.
KW  - Lidar
KW  - Benchmark
KW  - Self-driving
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/s22197146
SN  - 1424-8220
N1  - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Sensor Fusion for Vehicles Navigation and Robotic Systems"
VL  - 22
IS  - 19
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Alt, Helmut
T1  - Benchmark der Netznutzungspreise
JF  - Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen : et ; Zeitschrift für Energiewirtschaft, Recht, Technik und Umwelt
Y1  - 2000
SN  - 0013-743X
VL  - Bd. 50
IS  - H. 11
SP  - 846
EP  - 850
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Alt, Helmut
T1  - Belieferung von Kunden in fremden Netzgebieten
JF  - EW : das Magazin für die Energie-Wirtschaft
Y1  - 2002
SN  - 0013-5496
N1  - Printausg. in der Bibliothek vorhanden: 23 Z 585
VL  - Bd. 101
IS  - H. 1/2
SP  - 26
EP  - 35
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rens, Gavin
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
T1  - Belief-node condensation for online POMDP algorithms
N2  - Slightly extended version of the paper accepted at the Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Workshop, a special track of IEEE AFRICON-2013, held in Mauritius, 9-12 September 2013
Y1  - 2013
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gspandl, Stephan
A1  - Pill, Ingo
A1  - Reip, Michael
A1  - Steinbauer, Gerald
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
T1  - Belief Management for High-Level Robot Programs
JF  - Proceedings of the Twenty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence [electronic resource] : Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, 16 - 22 July 2011 / sponsored by International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) and the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). Ed. by Toby Walsh
Y1  - 2011
N1  - International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence ; (22 : ; 2011.07.16-22 : ; Barcelona, Spain) ; IJCAI ; (22 : ; 2011.07.16-22 : ; Barcelona, Spain)
SP  - 900
EP  - 905
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mühl, Thomas
A1  - Kraus, E.
A1  - Peifer, Hermann-Josef
A1  - Obolenski, B.
T1  - Bekleidungstextilien mit elektromagnetischer Schirmwirkung
JF  - Technische Textilien. 48 (2005), H. 2
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0323-3243
SP  - 160
EP  - 163
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krause, Gregor
A1  - Schärli, U.
T1  - Bedingungen für das Auftreten von Kippschwingungen bei Hochspannungswandlern im Netz
Y1  - 1993
N1  - Haeferly Symposium "Betriebsmittel der Hochspannungsnetze" <6.,Stuttgart, 1993>
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hagemann, Hans-Jürgen
A1  - Ihrig, H.
T1  - BaTiO3 dotiert mit 3d-Ionen: Valenzen, Leerstellen und ihre Auswirkungen. Hagemann, H. J.; Ihrig, H.
JF  - Philips - Unsere Forschung in Deutschland / Hrsg.: Philips Forschungslaboratorium GmbH Aachen und Hamburg. 3 (1980)
Y1  - 1980
SP  - 249
EP  - 252
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zastrow, Udo
T1  - Basic geometrical singularities in plane-elasticity and plate-bending problems
JF  - International Journal of Solids and Structures. 21 (1985), H. 10
Y1  - 1985
SN  - 0020-7683
SP  - 1047
EP  - 1067
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mayer, Claudia
T1  - Bali. Blüteninsel im Indischen Ozean. Reisebericht
JF  - Fliegende Blätter / Condor (1990)
Y1  - 1990
N1  - Condor-Flugdienst <Frankfurt, Main>
SP  - 61
EP  - 64
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schuba, Marko
A1  - Höfken, Hans
T1  - Backtrack5: Datensammlung und Reporterstellung für Pentester mit MagicTree / Höfken, Hans ; Schuba, Marko
JF  - Hakin9. 73 (2012), H. 3
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 1733-7186
SP  - 12
EP  - 16
PB  - -
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Benkner, Thorsten
T1  - Autonomous Slot Assignment Schemes for PRMA++ Third Generation TDMA Systems
JF  - Proceedings / Organization: IEEE Vehicular Technology/Communications Society; Joint Chapter in the Benelux Section and Telecommunications Division, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands. Ed.: Peter Smulders
Y1  - 1995
SN  - 9061449928
N1  - Symposium on Communications and Vehicular Technology in the Benelux ; (3, 1995, Eindhoven) ; Vehicular Technology Society ; Communications Society ; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. ; Benelux ; Technische Universiteit. ; Telecommunicatio
PB  - Techn. Univ. Eindhoven, Telecommunications Div.
CY  - Eindhoven
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
T1  - Autonome Entscheidungsfindung bei Robotern : Planwirtschaft
JF  - Linux-Magazin
Y1  - 2004
SN  - 1432-640X (Print)
IS  - 7
SP  - 50
EP  - 53
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schlamann, M.
A1  - Yoon, M.-S.
A1  - Maderwald, S.
A1  - Pietrzyk, T.
A1  - Bitz, Andreas
A1  - Gerwig, M.
A1  - Forsting, M.
A1  - Ladd, S. C.
A1  - Ladd, M. E.
A1  - Kastrup, O.
T1  - Auswirkungen der Magnetresonanztomografie auf die Elektrophysiologie des motorischen Kortex: eine Studie mit transkranieller Magnetstimulation
T1  - Effects of MRI on the electrophysiology of the motor cortex: a TMS study
JF  - RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Giebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren
Y1  - 2009
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1109038
SN  - 1438-9029
VL  - 181
IS  - 3
SP  - 215
EP  - 219
PB  - Thieme
CY  - Stuttgart
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Alt, Helmut
T1  - Auswertung von Prüfungsergebnissen auf elektronischen Rechenanlagen
JF  - Angewandte Informatik
Y1  - 1974
SN  - 0013-5704
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
SP  - 219
EP  - 222
PB  - Vieweg
CY  - Braunschweig
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Alt, Helmut
T1  - Auswertung von Belastungskennlinien
JF  - Elektrizitätswirtschaft
Y1  - 1983
SN  - 0013-5496
VL  - Bd. 82
SP  - 208
EP  - 210
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heuermann, Holger
A1  - Stolle, Reinhard
A1  - Schiek, Burkhard
T1  - Auswertemethoden zur Praezisions-Entfernungsmessung mit FMCW-Systemen und deren Anwendung im Mikrowellenbereich
JF  - tm - Technisches Messen. 62. 1995 (1995), H. 2
Y1  - 1995
SP  - 66
EP  - 73
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Klinge, Uwe
A1  - Wilke, Ralf
A1  - Mühl, Thomas
T1  - Auswahl der Herniennetze nach der “effektiven Porosität” - warum das Gewicht weniger wichtig ist
JF  - Chirurgische Allgemeine : CHAZ ; Zeitung für Klinik und Praxis
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 1615-5378
VL  - 13
IS  - 12
SP  - 297
EP  - 301
PB  - Kaden
CY  - Mannheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mayer, Claudia
T1  - Auf dem Holzweg zur Wasserstelle. Ökologischer Tourismus auf der Karibik-Insel St. John
JF  - Frankfurter Rundschau. 81 (1992), H. 14
Y1  - 1992
N1  - 4.4.1992
SP  - M5
EP  - M5
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hoffmann, Andreas
A1  - Rohrbach, Felix
A1  - Uhl, Matthias
A1  - Ceblin, Maximilian
A1  - Bauer, Thomas
A1  - Mallah, Marcel
A1  - Jacob, Timo
A1  - Heuermann, Holger
A1  - Kuehne, Alexander J. C.
T1  - Atmospheric pressure plasma-jet treatment of polyacrylonitrile-nonwovens—Stabilization and roll-to-roll processing
JF  - Journal of Applied Polymer Science
N2  - Carbon nanofiber nonwovens represent a powerful class of materials with prospective application in filtration technology or as electrodes with high surface area in batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. While new precursor-to-carbon conversion processes have been explored to overcome productivity restrictions for carbon fiber tows, alternatives for the two-step thermal conversion of polyacrylonitrile precursors into carbon fiber nonwovens are absent. In this work, we develop a continuous roll-to-roll stabilization process using an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma jet. We explore the influence of various plasma-jet parameters on the morphology of the nonwoven and compare the stabilized nonwoven to thermally stabilized samples using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and infrared spectroscopy. We show that stabilization with a non-equilibrium plasma-jet can be twice as productive as the conventional thermal stabilization in a convection furnace, while producing electrodes of comparable electrochemical performance.
KW  - batteries and fuel cells
KW  - electrospinning
KW  - fibers
KW  - irradiation
KW  - porous materials
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/app.52887
SN  - 0021-8995 (Print)
SN  - 1097-4628 (Online)
N1  - Weitere Informationen: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Fördernummer: 13XP5036E. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Fördernummern: 390874152, 441209207, 327886311
VL  - 139
IS  - 37
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Wiley
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mayer, Claudia
T1  - Aspekte der Wiedervereinigung in der aktuellen deutschen Literatur.
JF  - Forum Deutsch : Informationen, Meinungen, Materialien und Tips für kanadische Deutschlehrer / Ständige Konferenz kanadischer Deutschlehrer (1991)
Y1  - 1991
SP  - 16
EP  - 22
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferrein, Alexander
A1  - Dylla, Frank
A1  - Lakemeyer, Gerhard
A1  - Murray, Jan
T1  - Approaching a formal soccer theory from behaviour specifications in robotic soccer / Dylla, Frank ; Ferrein, Alexander ; Lakemeyer, Gerhard ; Murray, Jan ; Obst, Oliver ; Röfer, Thomas ; Schiffer, Stefan ; Stolzenburg, Frieder ; Visser, Ubbo ; Wagner, Tho
JF  - Computers in sport / editors: P Dabnichki
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 978-1-8456-4064-4
SP  - 161
EP  - 185
PB  - WIT Press
CY  - Southampton
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Faßbender, Heinz
A1  - Bühler, Gerhard
T1  - Applying Ada, Java and CORBA for making a command and control information system platform independent
JF  - Proceedings : (SIGAda '99) ; October 17 - 21, 1999 ; Crowne Plaza, Redondo Beach & Marine Hotel, Redondo Beach, CA, USA / ACM SIGAda Annual International Conference
Y1  - 1999
SN  - 1-58113-127-5
N1  - (Ada letters ; 19,3)
SP  - 83
EP  - 88
PB  - ACM
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ellerweg, Roland
A1  - Ritz, Thomas
A1  - Schuhmann, Stefan
T1  - Anwendungsentwicklung für iPhone und Windows Mobile : ein bisschen von allem
JF  - iX : Magazin für professionelle Informationstechnik
Y1  - 2009
SN  - 0935-9680 (Print)
SN  - 1612-1392 (Online)
IS  - 3
SP  - 132
EP  - 135
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lepers, Heinrich
A1  - Jäger, G.
A1  - Pütter, L.
T1  - Anwendung eines Prozessmodells zur Regelung der Produktqualität bei der Zementklinker-Herstellung / Jaeger, G. ; Lepers, H. Puetter, L. [u.a.]
JF  - VDI-Berichte (1977)
Y1  - 1977
SP  - 87
EP  - 93
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zastrow, Udo
T1  - Anisotrope Scheiben mit gemischten Randbedingungen
JF  - ZAMM - Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik. 59 (1979), H. 5
Y1  - 1979
SN  - 1521-4001
SP  - T218
EP  - T219
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Prume, Klaus
A1  - Peter, F.
A1  - Rüdiger, A.
A1  - Dittmann, R.
T1  - Analysis of shape effects on the piezoresponse in ferroelectric nanograins with and without adsorbates / Peter, F. ; Rüdiger, A. ; Dittmann, R. ; Waser, R. ; Szot, K. ; Reichenberg, B. ; Prume, K. ;
JF  - Applied Physics Letters  . 87 (2005), H. 8
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0003-6951
SP  - 082901
EP  - 082901-3
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schuba, Marko
T1  - Analysis of Feedback Error Control Schemes for Block Based Video Communication / Meggers, Jens ; Schuba, Marko
Y1  - 1999
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Orzada, Stephan
A1  - Bitz, Andreas
A1  - Johst, Sören
A1  - Gratz, Marcel
A1  - Völker, Maximilian N.
A1  - Kraff, Oliver
A1  - Abuelhaija, Ashraf
A1  - Fiedler, Thomas M.
A1  - Solbach, Klaus
A1  - Quick, Harald H.
A1  - Ladd, Mark E.
T1  - Analysis of an integrated 8-Channel Tx/Rx body array for use as a body coil in 7-Tesla MRI
JF  - Frontiers in Physics
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2017.00017
SN  - 2296-424X
N1  - Article number 17
VL  - 5
IS  - Jun
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schuba, Marko
T1  - Analyse der Antwortzeit von zuverlässigen Multicast-Protokollen im Internet
JF  - Multicast - Protokolle und Anwendungen : 20. - 21. Mai 1999, Braunschweig; 1. GI-Workshop / [Workshop-Leitung: Martina Zitterbart ...]
Y1  - 1999
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
CY  - Braunschweig
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hartung, Frank
A1  - Kumwilaisak, W.
T1  - An intraframe error concealment: nonlinear pattern alignment and directional interpolation / Kumwilaisak, W. ; Hartung, F.
JF  - Conference on Image Processing, 2004. ICIP '04. 2004 International / Vol. 2 .
Y1  - 2004
N1  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2004.1419426
SP  - 825
EP  - 828
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zastrow, Udo
A1  - Panagiotopoulos, P. D.
T1  - An integral "Equation" approach to the unilateral contact problem
JF  - ZAMM - Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik. 59 (1979), H. 8
Y1  - 1979
SN  - 1521-4001
SP  - 392
EP  - 393
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kowalewski, Paul
A1  - Bragard, Michael
A1  - Hüning, Felix
A1  - De Doncker, Rik W.
T1  - An inexpensive Wiegand-sensor-based rotary encoder without rotating magnets for use in electrical drives
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
N2  - This paper introduces an inexpensive Wiegand-sensor-based rotary encoder that avoids rotating magnets and is suitable for electrical-drive applications. So far, Wiegand-sensor-based encoders usually include a magnetic pole wheel with rotating permanent magnets. These encoders combine the disadvantages of an increased magnet demand and a limited maximal speed due to the centripetal force acting on the rotating magnets. The proposed approach reduces the total demand of permanent magnets drastically. Moreover, the rotating part is manufacturable from a single piece of steel, which makes it very robust and cheap. This work presents the theoretical operating principle of the proposed approach and validates its benefits on a hardware prototype. The presented proof-of-concept prototype achieves a mechanical resolution of 4.5 ° by using only 4 permanent magnets, 2Wiegand sensors and a rotating steel gear wheel with 20 teeth.
KW  - Rotary encoder
KW  - Wiegand sensor
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2023.3326166
SN  - 0018-9456 (Print)
SN  - 1557-9662 (Online)
VL  - 72
SP  - 10 Seiten
PB  - IEEE
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Faßbender, Heinz
A1  - Vogler, Heiko
T1  - An implementation of syntax directed functional programming on nested-stack machines
JF  - Formal Aspects of Computing. 4 (1992), H. 4
Y1  - 1992
SN  - 0934-5043
SP  - 341
EP  - 375
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Faßbender, Heinz
A1  - Bühler, Gerhard
T1  - An experimental command and control information system based on Enterprise Java bean technology
JF  - Proceedings of the 7th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, September 2002, Quebec City, Kanada
Y1  - 2002
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kraff, Oliver
A1  - Bitz, Andreas
A1  - Dammann, Philipp
A1  - Ladd, Susanne C.
A1  - Ladd, Mark E.
A1  - Quick, Harald H.
T1  - An eight-channel transmit/receive multipurpose coil for musculoskeletal MR imaging at 7 T
JF  - Medical Physics
N2  - Purpose:
MRI plays a leading diagnostic role in assessing the musculoskeletal (MSK) system and is well established for most questions at clinically used field strengths (up to 3 T). However, there are still limitations in imaging early stages of cartilage degeneration, very fine tendons and ligaments, or in locating nerve lesions, for example. 7 T MRI of the knee has already received increasing attention in the current published literature, but there is a strong need to develop new radiofrequency (RF) coils to assess more regions of the MSK system. In this work, an eight-channel transmit/receive RF array was built as a multipurpose coil for imaging some of the thus far neglected regions. An extensive coil characterization protocol and first in vivo results of the human wrist, shoulder, elbow, knee, and ankle imaged at 7 T will be presented.

Methods:
Eight surface loop coils with a dimension ofurn:x-wiley:00942405:media:mp7176:mp7176-math-0001 were machined from FR4 circuit board material. To facilitate easy positioning, two coil clusters, each with four loop elements, were combined to one RF transmit/receive array. An overlapped and shifted arrangement of the coil elements was chosen to reduce the mutual inductance between neighboring coils. A phantom made of body-simulating liquid was used for tuning and matching on the bench. Afterward, the S-parameters were verified on a human wrist, elbow, and shoulder. For safety validation, a detailed compliance test was performed including full wave simulations of the RF field distribution and the corresponding specific absorption rate (SAR) for all joints. In vivo images of four volunteers were assessed with gradient echo and spin echo sequences modified to obtain optimal image contrast, full anatomic coverage, and the highest spatial resolution within a reasonable acquisition time. The performance of the RF coil was additionally evaluated by in vivo B1 mapping.

Results:
A comparison of B1 per unit power, flip angle distribution, and anatomic images showed a fairly homogeneous excitation for the smaller joints (elbow, wrist, and ankle), while for the larger joints, the shoulder and especially the knee, B1 inhomogeneities and limited penetration depth were more pronounced. However, the greater part of the shoulder joint could be imaged.In vivo images rendered very fine anatomic details such as fascicles of the median nerve and the branching of the nerve bundles. High-resolution images of cartilage, labrum, and tendons could be acquired. Additionally, turbo spin echo (TSE) and inversion recovery sequences performed very well.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that the concept of two four-channel transmit/receive RF arrays can be used as a multipurpose coil for high-resolutionin vivo MR imaging of the musculoskeletal system at 7 T. Not only gradient echo but also typical clinical and SAR-intensive sequences such as STIR and TSE performed well. Imaging of small structures and peripheral nerves could in particular benefit from this technique.
Y1  - 2010
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1118/1.3517176
SN  - 2473-4209
VL  - 37
IS  - 12
SP  - 6368
EP  - 6376
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken, NJ
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kraff, Oliver
A1  - Bitz, Andreas
A1  - Kruszona, Stefan
A1  - Orzada, Stephan
A1  - Schaefer, Lena C.
A1  - Theysohn, Jens M.
A1  - Maderwald, Stefan
A1  - Ladd, Mark E.
A1  - Quick, Harald H.
T1  - An eight-channel phased array RF coil for spine MR imaging at 7 T
JF  - Investigative Radiology
Y1  - 2009
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1097/RLI.0b013e3181b24ab7
SN  - 1536-0210
VL  - 44
IS  - 11
SP  - 734
EP  - 740
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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A1  - Schuba, Marko
A1  - Reichl, Peter
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SN  - 0-412-83730-7
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - Chapman  Hall
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A1  - Vogler, Heiko
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A1  - Pfaffenrot, Viktor
A1  - Bitz, Andreas
A1  - Orzada, Stephan
A1  - Brunheim, Sascha
A1  - Lazik-Palm, Andrea
A1  - Theysohn, Jens M.
A1  - Ladd, Mark E.
A1  - Quick, Harald H.
A1  - Kraff, Oliver
T1  - An 8-channel transceiver 7-channel receive RF coil setup for high SNR ultrahigh-field MRI of the shoulder at 7T
JF  - Medical Physics
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.12612
SN  - 0094-2405
IS  - Article in press
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
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A1  - Vorst, Phillip
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A1  - Lakemeyer, Gerhard
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