TY - JOUR A1 - Robinson, A. E. A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Hendrick, P. A1 - Recker, E. A1 - Peirs, J. T1 - Development of a hydrogen fuelled 1 kW ultra micro gas turbine with special respect to designing, testing and mapping of the µ-scale combustor JF - IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, 2008 : ICSET 2008 ; Singapore, 24 - 27 Nov. 2008. Y1 - 2008 SN - 978-1-4244-1887-9 SP - 656 EP - 660 PB - IEEE CY - Piscataway, NJ ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Robinson, A. E. A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Wagemakers, R. A1 - Grossen, J. A1 - Bosschaerts, W. A1 - Hendrick, P. T1 - Numerical and Experimental Investigation of a Micromix Combustor for a Hydrogen Fuelled μ-Scale Gas Turbine JF - Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2009 : : presented at the 2009 ASME Turbo Expo, June 8 - 12, 2009, Orlando, Florida, USA / sponsored by the International Gas Turbine Institute Y1 - 2009 SN - 9780791848869 N1 - GT2009-60061 SP - 253 EP - 262 PB - ASME CY - New York, NY ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Börner, Sebastian A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Hendrick, P. A1 - Recker, E. T1 - LES of Jets In Cross-Flow and Application to the “Micromix” Hydrogen Combustion T2 - XIX International Symposium on Air Breathing Engines 2009 (ISABE 2009) : Proceedings of a meeting held 7-11 September 2009, Montreal, Canada Y1 - 2009 SN - 9781615676064 SP - 1555 EP - 1561 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Roosen, Peter ED - Bartz, Wilfried J. T1 - Using motor gasoline for aircrafts - coping with growing bio-fuel-caused risks by understanding cause-effect relationship T2 - Fuels 2009 : mineral oil based and alternative fuels ; 7th international colloquium ; January 14 - 15, 2009 N2 - The utilisation of vehicle-oriented gasoline in general aviation is very desirable for both ecological and economical reasons, as well as for general considerations of availability. As of today vehicle fuels may be used if the respective engine and cell are certified for such an operation. For older planes a supplementary technical certificate is provided for gasoline mixtures with less than 1 % v/v ethanol only, though. Larger admixtures of ethanol may lead to sudden engine malfunction and should be considered as considerable security risks. Major problems are caused by the partially ethanol non-withstanding materials, a necessarily changed stochiometric adjustment of the engine for varying ethanol shares and the tendency for phase separation in the presence of absorbed water. The concepts of the flexible fuel vehicles are only partially applicable in the view of air security. Y1 - 2009 SN - 978-3-924813-75-8 SP - 237 EP - 244 PB - Technische Akademie Esslingen (TAE) CY - Ostfildern ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Börner, Sebastian A1 - Robinson, A. A1 - Hendrick, P. A1 - Recker, E. T1 - Low NOx H2 combustion for industrial gas turbines of various power ranges JF - 5th International Gas Turbine Conference ETN-IGTC, ETN-2010-42, Brussels, Belgium, October 2010 Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Recker, Elmar A1 - Bosschaerts, Walter A1 - Wagemakers, Rolf A1 - Hendrick, Patrick A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Börner, Sebastian T1 - Experimental study of a round jet in cross-flow at low momentum ratio JF - 15th International Symposium on Applications of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics Lisbon, Portugal, 05-08 July, 2010 - 1 Y1 - 2010 SP - 1 EP - 13 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Roosen, Petra T1 - SIoBiA – Safety Implications of Biofuels in Aviation N2 - Biofuels potentially interesting also for aviation purposes are predominantly liquid fuels produced from biomass. The most common biofuels today are biodiesel and bioethanol. Since diesel engines are rather rare in aviation this survey is focusing on ethanol admixed to gasoline products. The Directive 2003/30/EC of the European Parliament and the Council of May 8th 2003 on the promotion of the use of biofuels or other renewable fuels for transport encourage a growing admixture of biogenic fuel components to fossil automotive gasoline. Some aircraft models equipped with spark ignited piston engines are approved for operation with automotive gasoline, frequently called “MOGAS” (motor gasoline). The majority of those approvals is limited to MOGAS compositions that do not contain methanol or ethanol beyond negligible amounts. In the past years (bio-)MTBE or (bio-)ETBE have been widely used as blending component of automotive gasoline whilst the usage of low-molecular alcohols like methanol or ethanol has been avoided due to the handling problems especially with regard to the strong affinity for water. With rising mandatory bio-admixtures the conversion of the basic biogenic ethanol to ETBE, causing a reduction of energetic payoff, becomes more and more unattractive. Therefore the direct ethanol admixture is accordingly favoured. Due to the national enforcements of the directive 2003/30/EC more oxygenates produced from organic materials like bioethanol have started to appear in automotive gasolines already. The current fuel specification EN 228 already allows up to 3 % volume per volume (v/v) (bio-)methanol or up to 5 % v/v (bio-)ethanol as fuel components. This is also roughly the amount of biogenic components to comply with the legal requirements to avoid monetary penalties for producers and distributors of fuels. Since automotive fuel is cheaper than the common aviation gasoline (AVGAS), creates less problems with lead deposits in the engine, and in general produces less pollutants it is strongly favoured by pilots. But being designed for a different set of usage scenarios the use of automotive fuel with low molecular alcohols for aircraft operation may have adverse effects in aviation operation. Increasing amounts of ethanol admixtures impose various changes in the gasoline’s chemical and physical properties, some of them rather unexpected and not within the range of flight experiences even of long-term pilots. Y1 - 2010 N1 - Analysis of the safety implications of the use of biofuels (ethanol admixture) for piston engines and general aviation aircraft and assessment of potential environmental benefits. PB - EASA CY - Köln ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Robinson, A. E. A1 - Hendrick, P. A1 - Wagemakers, R. T1 - Design and Testing of a Micromix Combustor With Recuperative Wall Cooling for a Hydrogen Fuelled µ-Scale Gas Turbine JF - Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2010 : presented at the 2010 ASME Turbo Expo, June 14 - 18, 2010, Glasgow, UK / sponsored by the International Gas Turbine Institute / Vol. 5: Industrial and cogeneration ; microturbines and small turbomachinery ; oil and gas applications ; wind turbine technology Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-0-7918-4400-7 N1 - GT2010-23453 ; ASME Turbo Expo ; (Glasgow) : 2010.06.14-18 SP - 587 EP - 596 PB - ASME CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Börner, Sebastian A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Hendrick, P. A1 - Recker, E. T1 - Control system modifications for a hydrogen fuelled gas-turbine JF - Proceedings of ISROMAC 13 Y1 - 2010 SN - 978-1-617-38848-4 N1 - 13th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotating Machinery 2010 (ISROMAC-13), Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, April 4-7, 2010 SP - 665 EP - 670 PB - Curran CY - Red Hook, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Recker, E. A1 - Bosschaerts, W. A1 - Boonen, Q. A1 - Börner, Sebastian T1 - Parametrical study of the „Micromix“ hydrogen combustion principle JF - 10th International Symposium on Experimental and Computational Aerothermodynamics of Internal Flows, ISAIF10-049, Brussels, Belgium, 4-7 July 2011 Y1 - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Roosen, Peter A1 - Jarolimek, Ulrich T1 - Biogenic Vehicle Fuels in General Aviation Aircrafts JF - MTZ worldwide. 72 (2011), H. 1 Y1 - 2011 N1 - recherchierbar für Angehörige der FH Aachen SP - 38 EP - 43 PB - Springer Automotive Media CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Börner, Sebastian A1 - Falk, F. A1 - Hendrick, P. T1 - Control system modifications and their effects on the operation of a hydrogen-fueled Auxiliary Power Unit JF - XX international symposium on air breathing engines 2011 : ISABE 2011, Gothenburg, Sweden, 12-16 September, 2011. Vol. 2. Y1 - 2011 SN - 9781618391803 N1 - 20th International Symposium on Air Breathing Engines 2011 : (ISABE 2011) : Gothenburg, Sweden, 12-16 September, 2011. SP - 929 EP - 938 PB - American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics CY - Reston, VA ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Börner, Sebastian A1 - Krebs, W. A1 - Wolf, E. T1 - Experimental Characterization of Low NOx Micromix Prototype Combustors for Industrial Gas Turbine Applications JF - ASME Turbo Expo 2011 ; Vancouver, Canada, June 6-10, 2011 Y1 - 2011 N1 - GT2011-45305 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Robinson, A. E. A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Hendrick, P. T1 - Design and Testing of a Micromix Combustor With Recuperative Wall Cooling for a Hydrogen Fueled µ-Scale Gas Turbine JF - Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power Y1 - 2011 SN - 1528-8919 VL - 133 IS - 8 PB - ASME CY - New York ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Börner, Sebastian A1 - Hendrick, P. A1 - Recker, E. T1 - Modification and testing of an engine and fuel control system for a hydrogen fuelled gas turbine T2 - Progress in Propulsion Physics. Vol. 2 Y1 - 2011 SN - 978-2-7598-0673-7 SP - 475 EP - 486 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Börner, Sebastian A1 - Keinz, Jan A1 - Kusterer, K. A1 - Kroninger, D. A1 - Kitajima, J. A1 - Kazari, M. A1 - Horikama, A. T1 - Numerical and experimental characterization of low NOx Micromix combustion principle for industrial hydrogen gas turbine applications T2 - Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2012 Y1 - 2013 N1 - ASME Turbo Expo 2012, GT2012, June 11-15, 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Börner, Sebastian A1 - Keinz, Jan A1 - Hendrick, P. A1 - Recker, E. T1 - Low NOx Hydrogen combustion chamber for industrial gas turbine applications“, 14th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotating Machinery T2 - ISROMAC-14 : the Forteenth International Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotating Machinery ; Honolulu, Hawaii, February 27 - March 02nd, 2012 Y1 - 2012 N1 - International Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotating Machinery ; (14 ; 2012.02.27-03.02 ; Honolulu, Hawaii) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Börner, Sebastian A1 - Hendrick, P. A1 - Recker, E. A1 - Elsing, R. ED - DeLuca, Luigi T. T1 - Development and integration of a scalable low NOx combustion chamber for a hydrogen fuelled aero gas turbine T2 - Progress in Propulsion Physics. - Vol. 4 Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-2-7598-0876-2 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/eucass/201304357 N1 - 4th European Conference for Aero-Space Sciences : July 4 - 8, 2011, St Petersburg, Russia ; EUCASS <4, 2011, St. Petersburg> SP - 357 EP - 372 PB - EDP Sciences CY - [Les Ulis] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Keinz, Jan A1 - Börner, Sebastian A1 - Haj Ayed, A. A1 - Kusterer, K. A1 - Tekin, N. A1 - Kazari, M. A1 - Kitajima, J. A1 - Horikawa, A. A1 - Okada, K. ED - Song, Seung Jin T1 - Experimental and numerical characterization of the dry low NOx micromix hydrogen combustion principle at increased energy density for industrial hydrogen gas turbine applications T2 - Combustion, fuels and emissions : proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition - 2013 ; June 3 - 7, 2013, San Antonio, Texas, USA ; vol. 1 Y1 - 2013 SN - 978-0-7918-5510-2 N1 - Paper No: GT2013-94771 SP - V001T04A055 PB - ASME CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Dickhoff, J. A1 - Keinz, Jan A1 - Anis, H. A. A1 - Parente, A. A1 - Hendrick, P. T1 - Experimental and numerical study of the micromix combustion principle applied for hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas as fuel with increased energy density for industrial gas turbine applications JF - Energy procedia N2 - The Dry Low NOx (DLN) Micromix combustion principle with increased energy density is adapted for the industrial gas turbine APU GTCP 36-300 using hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas with a composition of 90%-Vol. hydrogen (H₂) and 10%-Vol. carbon-monoxide (CO). Experimental and numerical studies of several combustor geometries for hydrogen and syngas show the successful advance of the DLN Micromix combustion from pure hydrogen to hydrogen-rich syngas. The impact of the different fuel properties on the combustion principle and aerodynamic flame stabilization design laws, flow field, flame structure and emission characteristics is investigated by numerical analysis using a hybrid Eddy Break Up combustion model and validated against experimental results. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.201 SN - 1876-6102 (E-Journal) IS - 61 SP - 1736 EP - 1739 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER -