TY - CHAP A1 - Horikawa, Atsushi A1 - Ashikaga, Mitsugu A1 - Yamaguchi, Masato A1 - Ogino, Tomoyuki A1 - Aoki, Shigeki A1 - Wirsum, Manfred A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Kusterer, Karsten T1 - Combined heat and power supply demonstration of Micro-Mix Hydrogen Combustion Applied to M1A-17 Gas Turbine T2 - Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition (GT2022) (Volume 3A) N2 - Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. (KHI), Aachen University of Applied Sciences, and B&B-AGEMA GmbH have investigated the potential of low NOx micro-mix (MMX) hydrogen combustion and its application to an industrial gas turbine combustor. Engine demonstration tests of a MMX combustor for the M1A-17 gas turbine with a co-generation system were conducted in the hydrogen-fueled power generation plant in Kobe City, Japan. This paper presents the results of the commissioning test and the combined heat and power (CHP) supply demonstration. In the commissioning test, grid interconnection, loading tests and load cut-off tests were successfully conducted. All measurement results satisfied the Japanese environmental regulation values. Dust and soot as well as SOx were not detected. The NOx emissions were below 84 ppmv at 15 % O2. The noise level at the site boundary was below 60 dB. The vibration at the site boundary was below 45 dB. During the combined heat and power supply demonstration, heat and power were supplied to neighboring public facilities with the MMX combustion technology and 100 % hydrogen fuel. The electric power output reached 1800 kW at which the NOx emissions were 72 ppmv at 15 % O2, and 60 %RH. Combustion instabilities were not observed. The gas turbine efficiency was improved by about 1 % compared to a non-premixed type combustor with water injection as NOx reduction method. During a total equivalent operation time of 1040 hours, all combustor parts, the M1A-17 gas turbine as such, and the co-generation system were without any issues. KW - industrial gas turbine KW - combustor development KW - fuels KW - hydrogen KW - emission Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-0-7918-8599-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2022-81620 N1 - ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition June 13–17, 2022 Rotterdam, Netherlands PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers CY - Fairfield ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ayed, Anis Haj A1 - Kusterer, Karsten A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Keinz, Jan T1 - CFD Based Improvement of the DLN Hydrogen Micromix Combustion Technology at Increased Energy Densities JF - American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences (ASRJETS) N2 - Combined with the use of renewable energy sources for its production, Hydrogen represents a possible alternative gas turbine fuel within future low emission power generation. Due to the large difference in the physical properties of Hydrogen compared to other fuels such as natural gas, well established gas turbine combustion systems cannot be directly applied for Dry Low NOx (DLN) Hydrogen combustion. Thus, the development of DLN combustion technologies is an essential and challenging task for the future of Hydrogen fuelled gas turbines. The DLN Micromix combustion principle for hydrogen fuel has been developed to significantly reduce NOx-emissions. This combustion principle is based on cross-flow mixing of air and gaseous hydrogen which reacts in multiple miniaturized diffusion-type flames. The major advantages of this combustion principle are the inherent safety against flash-back and the low NOx-emissions due to a very short residence time of reactants in the flame region of the micro-flames. The Micromix Combustion technology has been already proven experimentally and numerically for pure Hydrogen fuel operation at different energy density levels. The aim of the present study is to analyze the influence of different geometry parameter variations on the flame structure and the NOx emission and to identify the most relevant design parameters, aiming to provide a physical understanding of the Micromix flame sensitivity to the burner design and identify further optimization potential of this innovative combustion technology while increasing its energy density and making it mature enough for real gas turbine application. The study reveals great optimization potential of the Micromix Combustion technology with respect to the DLN characteristics and gives insight into the impact of geometry modifications on flame structure and NOx emission. This allows to further increase the energy density of the Micromix burners and to integrate this technology in industrial gas turbines. Y1 - 2016 SN - 2313-4402 VL - 26 IS - 3 SP - 290 EP - 303 PB - GSSRR ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ayed, Anis Haj A1 - Kusterer, Karsten A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Keinz, Jan A1 - Bohn, D. T1 - CFD based exploration of the dry-low-NOx hydrogen micromix combustion technology at increased energy densities JF - Propulsion and Power Research KW - Micromix combustion KW - Hydrogen gas turbine KW - Hydrogen combustion KW - High hydrogen combustion KW - Dry-low-NOx (DLN) combustion Y1 - 2017 SN - 2212-540X U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jppr.2017.01.005 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 24 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Roosen, Peter A1 - Jarolimek, Ulrich T1 - Biogenic Vehicle Fuels in General Aviation Aircrafts JF - MTZ worldwide. 72 (2011), H. 1 Y1 - 2011 N1 - recherchierbar für Angehörige der FH Aachen SP - 38 EP - 43 PB - Springer Automotive Media CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Roosen, Peter A1 - Jarolimek, Ulrich T1 - Biogene Automobilkraftstoffe in der allgemeinen Luftfahrt JF - Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ). Y1 - 2011 SN - 0024-8525 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1365/s35146-011-0013-7 VL - 72 IS - 1 SP - 54 EP - 59 PB - Springer Nature CY - Basel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Eickmann, Matthias A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Abanteriba, Sylvester A1 - Roosen, Petra T1 - Biofuels in Aviation – Safety Implications of Bio-Ethanol Usage in General Aviation Aircraft N2 - Up in the clouds and above fuels and construction materials must be very carefully selected to ensure a smooth flight and touchdown. Out of around 38,000 single and dual-engined propeller aeroplanes, roughly a third are affected by a new trend in the fuel sector that may lead to operating troubles or even emergency landings: The admixture of bio-ethanol to conventional gasoline. Experiences with these fuels may be projected to alternative mixtures containing new components. Y1 - 2014 N1 - 2. International Conference of the Cluster of Excellence Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass, Aachen 2013 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Ayed, Anis Haj A1 - Striegan, Constantin J. D. A1 - Kusterer, Karsten A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Kazari, M. A1 - Horikawa, Atsushi A1 - Okada, Kunio T1 - Automated design space exploration of the hydrogen fueled "Micromix" combustor technology N2 - Combined with the use of renewable energy sources for its production, Hydrogen represents a possible alternative gas turbine fuel for future low emission power generation. Due to its different physical properties compared to other fuels such as natural gas, well established gas turbine combustion systems cannot be directly applied for Dry Low NOx (DLN) Hydrogen combustion. This makes the development of new combustion technologies an essential and challenging task for the future of hydrogen fueled gas turbines. The newly developed and successfully tested “DLN Micromix” combustion technology offers a great potential to burn hydrogen in gas turbines at very low NOx emissions. Aiming to further develop an existing burner design in terms of increased energy density, a redesign is required in order to stabilise the flames at higher mass flows and to maintain low emission levels. For this purpose, a systematic design exploration has been carried out with the support of CFD and optimisation tools to identify the interactions of geometrical and design parameters on the combustor performance. Aerodynamic effects as well as flame and emission formation are observed and understood time- and cost-efficiently. Correlations between single geometric values, the pressure drop of the burner and NOx production have been identified as a result. This numeric methodology helps to reduce the effort of manufacturing and testing to few designs for single validation campaigns, in order to confirm the flame stability and NOx emissions in a wider operating condition field. Y1 - 2017 N1 - Proceedings of the 1st Global Power and Propulsion Forum GPPF 2017, Jan 16-18, 2017, Zurich, Switzerland SP - 1 EP - 8 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Horikawa, Atsushi A1 - Okada, Kunio A1 - Kazari, Masahide A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Keinz, Jan A1 - Kusterer, Karsten A1 - Haj Ayed, Anis T1 - Application of Low NOx Micro-Mix Hydrogen Combustion to Industrial Gas Turbine Combustor and Conceptual Design T2 - Proceedings of International Gas Turbine Congress 2015 Tokyo November 15-20, 2015, Tokyo, Japan Y1 - 2015 SN - 978-4-89111-008-6 N1 - IGTC15-0238 SP - 141 EP - 146 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Horikawa, Atsushi A1 - Okada, Kunio A1 - Uto, Takahiro A1 - Uchiyama, Yuta A1 - Wirsum, Manfred A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Kusterer, Karsten T1 - Application of Low NOx Micro-mix Hydrogen Combustion to 2MW Class Industrial Gas Turbine Combustor T2 - Proceedings of International Gas Turbine Congress 2019 Tokyo, November 17-22, 2019, Tokyo, Japan Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-4-89111-010-9 N1 - IGTC-2019-129 SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Roosen, Petra T1 - Antriebssystemanpassungen zur Verwendung von LPG als Flugkraftstoff JF - Motortechnische Zeitschrift (MTZ) N2 - Auch in der allgemeinen Luftfahrt wäre es wünschenswert, die bereits vorhandenen Verbrennungsmotoren mit weniger CO₂-trächtigen Kraftstoffen als dem heute weit verbreiteten Avgas 100LL betreiben zu können. Es ist anzunehmen, dass im Vergleich die unter Normalbedingungen gasförmigen Kraftstoffe CNG, LPG oder LNG deutlich weniger Emissionen produzieren. Erforderliche Antriebssystemanpassungen wurden im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts an der FH Aachen untersucht. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s35146-021-0778-2 VL - 2022 IS - 83 SP - 58 EP - 62 PB - Springer Nature CY - Basel ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Funke, Harald T1 - Analyse der Temperatur- und Strömungsungleichförmigkeiten in mehrstufigen Turbinen / Harald Funke Y1 - 2001 SN - 3-89653-400-9 N1 - Zugl.: Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2001 PB - Mainz CY - Aachen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Beckmann, Nils A1 - Abanteriba, Sylvester T1 - An overview on dry low NOx micromix combustor development for hydrogen-rich gas turbine applications JF - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.161 SN - 0360-3199 VL - 44 IS - 13 SP - 6978 EP - 6990 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bohn, Dieter A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Sürken, N. T1 - Aerodynamische Entlastung der Schaufelspalte durch Konturierung des Meridiankanals [Zwischenbericht] N2 - Zwischenbericht über das Vorhaben FVV-Nr. 0666880. Laufzeit 01.03.1998 bis 31.03.2000. Heft R 507 (2000) . 19 S. Informationstagung Turbinen, Frühjahr 2000, Frankfurt am Main KW - Strömungsmaschine KW - Turbine KW - Spaltentlastung KW - Turbine Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bohn, Dieter A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - M., Wolff. A1 - Sürken, N. T1 - Aerodynamische Entlastung der Schaufelspalte durch Konturierung des Meridiankanals [Zwischenbericht] N2 - Zwischenbericht über das Vorhaben Nr. 688 (FVV-Nr. 066880). Laufzeit 01.04.2000 bis 31.03.2001. Heft R 514 (2001). 21 S. Informationstagung Turbinen, Herbst 2001, Dresden-Radebeul KW - Strömungsmaschine KW - Turbine KW - Spaltentlasung KW - Turbine Y1 - 2001 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Bohn, Dieter A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Wolff, M. A1 - Sürken, N. T1 - Aerodynamische Entlastung der Schaufelspalte durch Konturierung des Meridiankanals [Abschlussbericht] N2 - Abschlussbericht über das Vorhaben Nr. 688 (FVV-Nr. 066880). Laufzeit 01.04.2000 bis 31.03.2001. Heft R 516 (2002). 24 S. Informationstagung Turbinen, Frühjahr 2002, Frankfurt-Möhrfelden KW - Strömungsmaschine KW - Turbine KW - Spaltentlastung KW - Turbine Y1 - 2002 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Beckmann, Nils A1 - Abanteriba, Sylvester T1 - A comparison of complex chemistry mechanisms for hydrogen methane blends based on the Sandia / Sydney Bluff-Body Flame HM1 T2 - Proceedings of the Eleventh Asia‐Pacific Conference on Combustion (ASPACC 2017), New South Wales, Australia, 10-14 December 2017 Y1 - 2017 SN - 978-1-5108-5646-2 SP - 262 EP - 265 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Funke, Harald A1 - Beckmann, Nils A1 - Keinz, Jan A1 - Horikawa, Atsushi T1 - 30 years of dry low NOx micromix combustor research for hydrogen-rich fuels: an overview of past and present activities T2 - Conference Proceedings Turbo Expo: Power for Land, Sea and Air, Volume 4B: Combustion, Fuels, and Emissions N2 - The paper presents an overview of the past and present of low-emission combustor research with hydrogen-rich fuels at Aachen University of Applied Sciences. In 1990, AcUAS started developing the Dry-Low-NOx Micromix combustion technology. Micromix reduces NOx emissions using jet-in-crossflow mixing of multiple miniaturized fuel jets and combustor air with an inherent safety against flashback. At first, pure hydrogen as fuel was investigated with lab-scale applications. Later, Micromix prototypes were developed for the use in an industrial gas turbine Honeywell/Garrett GTCP-36-300, proving low NOx characteristics during real gas turbine operation, accompanied by the successful definition of safety laws and control system modifications. Further, the Micromix was optimized for the use in annular and can combustors as well as for fuel-flexibility with hydrogen-methane-mixtures and hydrogen-rich syngas qualities by means of extensive experimental and numerical simulations. In 2020, the latest Micromix application will be demonstrated in a commercial 2 MW-class gas turbine can-combustor with full-scale engine operation. The paper discusses the advances in Micromix research over the last three decades. KW - Micromix KW - Hydrogen KW - Fuel-flexibility KW - NOx KW - Emissions Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-0-7918-8413-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2020-16328 N1 - ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition September 21–25, 2020, Virtual, Online N1 - Paper No. GT2020-16328, V04BT04A069 PB - ASME CY - New York, NY ER -