TY - CHAP A1 - Lahrs, Lennart A1 - Krisam, Pierre A1 - Herrmann, Ulf T1 - Envisioning a collaborative energy system planning platform for the energy transition at the district level T2 - ECOS 2023. The 36th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems N2 - Residential and commercial buildings account for more than one-third of global energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Integrated multi-energy systems at the district level are a promising way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by exploiting economies of scale and synergies between energy sources. Planning district energy systems comes with many challenges in an ever-changing environment. Computational modelling established itself as the state-of-the-art method for district energy system planning. Unfortunately, it is still cumbersome to combine standalone models to generate insights that surpass their original purpose. Ideally, planning processes could be solved by using modular tools that easily incorporate the variety of competing and complementing computational models. Our contribution is a vision for a collaborative development and application platform for multi-energy system planning tools at the district level. We present challenges of district energy system planning identified in the literature and evaluate whether this platform can help to overcome these challenges. Further, we propose a toolkit that represents the core technical elements of the platform. Lastly, we discuss community management and its relevance for the success of projects with collaboration and knowledge sharing at their core. KW - Energy system planning KW - District energy planning platform KW - District data model KW - Renewable energy integration Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.52202/069564-0284 N1 - ECOS 2023. The 36th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, 25-30 JUNE, 2023, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain SP - 3163 EP - 3170 PB - Procedings of ECOS 2023 ER - TY - THES A1 - Reyes Ochoa, Leonel T1 - Engineering aspects of a parabolic trough collector field with direct steam generation and an organic rankine cycle Y1 - 2014 N1 - Aachen, Fachhochsch., Masterarbeit, 2014 PB - Fachhochschule Aachen CY - Aachen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rossi, Leonardo A1 - Stupazzini, Marco A1 - Parisi, Davide A1 - Holtschoppen, Britta A1 - Ruggieri, Gabriella A1 - Butenweg, Christoph T1 - Empirical fragility functions and loss curves for long-span-beam buildings based on the 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake official database JF - Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering N2 - The 2012 Emilia-Romagna earthquake, that mainly struck the homonymous Italian region provoking 28 casualties and damage to thousands of structures and infrastructures, is an exceptional source of information to question, investigate, and challenge the validity of seismic fragility functions and loss curves from an empirical standpoint. Among the most recent seismic events taking place in Europe, that of Emilia-Romagna is quite likely one of the best documented, not only in terms of experienced damages, but also for what concerns occurred losses and necessary reconstruction costs. In fact, in order to manage the compensations in a fair way both to citizens and business owners, soon after the seismic sequence, the regional administrative authority started (1) collecting damage and consequence-related data, (2) evaluating information sources and (3) taking care of the cross-checking of various reports. A specific database—so-called Sistema Informativo Gestione Europa (SFINGE)—was devoted to damaged business activities. As a result, 7 years after the seismic events, scientists can rely on a one-of-a-kind, vast and consistent database, containing information about (among other things): (1) buildings’ location and dimensions, (2) occurred structural damages, (3) experienced direct economic losses and (4) related reconstruction costs. The present work is focused on a specific data subset of SFINGE, whose elements are Long-Span-Beam buildings (mostly precast) deployed for business activities in industry, trade or agriculture. With the available set of data, empirical fragility functions, cost and loss ratio curves are elaborated, that may be included within existing Performance Based Earthquake Engineering assessment toolkits. KW - Empirical fragility functions KW - Empirical consequence curves KW - Precast buildings KW - Emilia-Romagna earthquake KW - PBEE Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00759-1 SN - 1573-1456 VL - 18 SP - 1693 EP - 1721 PB - Springer Nature ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rossi, Leonardo A1 - Parisi, Davide A1 - Casari, Chiara A1 - Montanari, Luca A1 - Ruggieri, Gabriella A1 - Holtschoppen, Britta A1 - Butenweg, Christoph T1 - Empirical Data about Direct Economic Consequences of Emilia-Romagna 2012 Earthquake on Long-Span-Beam Buildings JF - Earthquake Spectra Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1193/100118EQS224DP SN - 1944-8201 VL - 35 IS - 4 SP - 1979 EP - 2001 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Förster, Arnold A1 - Müller, F. A1 - Lengeler, B. A1 - Schäpers, T. T1 - Electron-electron interaction in ballistic electron beams / F. Müller ; B. Lengeler ; Th. Schäpers ... A. Förster... JF - Physical Review B . 51 (1995), H. 8 Y1 - 1995 SN - 0163-1829 N1 - 2. ISSN: 1098-0121 ; ISSN der E-Ausg.: 1095-3795 SP - 5099 EP - 5105 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Förster, Arnold A1 - Appenzeller, J. A1 - Schroer, C. T1 - Electron interference in a T-shaped quantum transistor based on Schottky-gate technology / J. Appenzeller ; Ch. Schroer ; Th. Schäpers ... A. Förster ... JF - Physical review / B, Condensed matter and materials physics. 53 (1996), H. 15 Y1 - 1996 SN - 1095-3795 SP - 9959 EP - 9963 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Förster, Arnold A1 - Betko, J. A1 - Kordos, P. A1 - Kuklovsky, S. T1 - Electrical properties of molecular beam epitaxial GaAs layers grown at low temperature / J. Betko ; P. Kordos ; S. Kuklovsky ; A. Förster ... JF - Materials science and engineering B: Solid– state materials for advanced technology. 28 (1994), H. 1-3 Y1 - 1994 SN - 0921-5107 SP - 147 EP - 150 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Förster, Arnold A1 - Kordos, P. A1 - Betko, J. T1 - Electrical and structural characterization of MBE GaAs grown at temperatures between 200 and 600 °C / P. Kordos ; J. Betko; A. Förster ... JF - Compound semiconductors, 1994 : proceedings of the twenty-first International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors held in San Diego, California, 18 - 22 September, 1994 / ed. by Herb Goronkin ... - (Conference series / Institute of Physics ; 141) Y1 - 1995 SN - 0-7503-0226-7 N1 - International Symposium on Compound Semiconductors <21, 1994, San Diego, Calif.> ; Institute of Physics SP - 295 EP - ff. PB - Institute of Physics CY - Bristol [u.a.] ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Milijaš, Aleksa A1 - Šakić, Bogdan A1 - Marinković, Marko A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Gams, Matija A1 - Klinkel, Sven ED - Arion, Cristian ED - Scupin, Alexandra ED - Ţigănescu, Alexandru T1 - Effects of prior in-plane damage on out-of-plane response of masonry infills with openings T2 - The Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology N2 - Masonry infill walls are the most traditional enclosure system that is still widely used in RC frame buildings all over the world, particularly in seismic active regions. Although infill walls are usually neglected in seismic design, during an earthquake event they are subjected to in-plane and out-of-plane forces that can act separately or simultaneously. Since observations of damage to buildings after recent earthquakes showed detrimental effects of in-plane and out-of-plane load interaction on infill walls, the number of studies that focus on influence of in-plane damage on out-of-plane response has significantly increased. However, most of the xperimental campaigns have considered only solid infills and there is a lack of combined in-plane and out-of-plane experimental tests on masonry infills with openings, although windows and doors strongly affect seismic performance. In this paper, two types of experimental tests on infills with window openings are presented. The first is a pure out-of-plane test and the second one is a sequential in-plane and out-of-plane test aimed at investigating the effects of existing in-plane damage on outof-plane response. Additionally, findings from two tests with similar load procedure that were carried out on fully infilled RC frames in the scope of the same project are used for comparison. Test results clearly show that window opening increased vulnerability of infills to combined seismic actions and that prevention of damage in infills with openings is of the utmost importance for seismic safety. KW - Seismic loading KW - In-plane load KW - Out-of-plane load KW - Interaction KW - Window opening Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-973-100-533-1 N1 - 3ECEES - Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, September 4 – September 9, 2022, Bucharest SP - 2747 EP - 2756 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Förster, Arnold A1 - Lange, J. A1 - Gerthsen, D. T1 - Effect of interface roughness and scattering on the performance of AlAs/InGaAs resonant tunneling diodes JF - Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures. 11 (1993), H. 4 Y1 - 1993 SN - 1071-1023 N1 - ISSN der E-Ausg.: 0734-211X SP - 1743 EP - 1747 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Förster, Arnold A1 - Schäpers, T. A1 - Krüger, M. A1 - Appenzeller, J. T1 - Effect of electron-electron interaction on hot ballistic electron beams / Th. Schäpers ; M. Krüger ; J. Appenzeller ; A. Förster ... JF - Applied physics letters. 66 (1995), H. 26 Y1 - 1995 SN - 0003-6951 N1 - ISSN der E-Ausg.: 1077-3118 SP - 3603 EP - 3606 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Leicht-Scholten, Carmen A1 - Steuer-Dankert, Linda T1 - Educating engineers for socially responsible solutions through design thinking T2 - Design thinking in higher education: interdisciplinary encounters N2 - There is a broad international discussion about rethinking engineering education in order to educate engineers to cope with future challenges, and particularly the sustainable development goals. In this context, there is a consensus about the need to shift from a mostly technical paradigm to a more holistic problem-based approach, which can address the social embeddedness of technology in society. Among the strategies suggested to address this social embeddedness, design thinking has been proposed as an essential complement to engineering precisely for this purpose. This chapter describes the requirements for integrating the design thinking approach in engineering education. We exemplify the requirements and challenges by presenting our approach based on our course experiences at RWTH Aachen University. The chapter first describes the development of our approach of integrating design thinking in engineering curricula, how we combine it with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) as well as the role of sustainability and social responsibility in engineering. Secondly, we present the course “Expanding Engineering Limits: Culture, Diversity, and Gender” at RWTH Aachen University. We describe the necessity to theoretically embed the method in social and cultural context, giving students the opportunity to reflect on cultural, national, or individual “engineering limits,” and to be able to overcome them using design thinking as a next step for collaborative project work. The paper will suggest that the successful implementation of design thinking as a method in engineering education needs to be framed and contextualized within Science and Technology Studies (STS). Y1 - 2020 SN - 978-981-15-5780-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5780-4 SP - 229 EP - 246 PB - Springer CY - Singapore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rupp, Matthias A1 - Rieke, Christian A1 - Handschuh, Nils A1 - Kuperjans, Isabel T1 - Economic and ecological optimization of electric bus charging considering variable electricity prices and CO₂eq intensities JF - Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment N2 - In many cities, diesel buses are being replaced by electric buses with the aim of reducing local emissions and thus improving air quality. The protection of the environment and the health of the population is the highest priority of our society. For the transport companies that operate these buses, not only ecological issues but also economic issues are of great importance. Due to the high purchase costs of electric buses compared to conventional buses, operators are forced to use electric vehicles in a targeted manner in order to ensure amortization over the service life of the vehicles. A compromise between ecology and economy must be found in order to both protect the environment and ensure economical operation of the buses. In this study, we present a new methodology for optimizing the vehicles’ charging time as a function of the parameters CO₂eq emissions and electricity costs. Based on recorded driving profiles in daily bus operation, the energy demands of conventional and electric buses are calculated for the passenger transportation in the city of Aachen in 2017. Different charging scenarios are defined to analyze the influence of the temporal variability of CO₂eq intensity and electricity price on the environmental impact and economy of the bus. For every individual day of a year, charging periods with the lowest and highest costs and emissions are identified and recommendations for daily bus operation are made. To enable both the ecological and economical operation of the bus, the parameters of electricity price and CO₂ are weighted differently, and several charging periods are proposed, taking into account the priorities previously set. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of selected parameters and to derive recommendations for improving the ecological and economic balance of the battery-powered electric vehicle. In all scenarios, the optimization of the charging period results in energy cost savings of a maximum of 13.6% compared to charging at a fixed electricity price. The savings potential of CO₂eq emissions is similar, at 14.9%. From an economic point of view, charging between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. results in the lowest energy costs on average. The CO₂eq intensity is also low in this period, but midday charging leads to the largest savings in CO₂eq emissions. From a life cycle perspective, the electric bus is not economically competitive with the conventional bus. However, from an ecological point of view, the electric bus saves on average 37.5% CO₂eq emissions over its service life compared to the diesel bus. The reduction potential is maximized if the electric vehicle exclusively consumes electricity from solar and wind power. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102293 SN - 1361-9209 VL - 81 IS - Article 102293 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Giresini, Linda A1 - Butenweg, Christoph T1 - Earthquake resistant design of structures according to Eurocode 8 T2 - Structural Dynamics with Applications in Earthquake and Wind Engineering N2 - The chapter initially provides a summary of the contents of Eurocode 8, its aim being to offer both to the students and to practising engineers an easy introduction into the calculation and dimensioning procedures of this earthquake code. Specifically, the general rules for earthquake-resistant structures, the definition of design response spectra taking behaviour and importance factors into account, the application of linear and non-linear calculation methods and the structural safety verifications at the serviceability and ultimate limit state are presented. The application of linear and non-linear calculation methods and corresponding seismic design rules is demonstrated on practical examples for reinforced concrete, steel and masonry buildings. Furthermore, the seismic assessment of existing buildings is discussed and illustrated on the example of a typical historical masonry building in Italy. The examples are worked out in detail and each step of the design process, from the preliminary analysis to the final design, is explained in detail. KW - Seismic design KW - Eurocode 8 KW - Design examples KW - Response spectrum KW - Pushover analysis Y1 - 2019 SN - 978-3-662-57550-5 (Online) SN - 978-3-662-57548-2 (Print) U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-57550-5_4 SP - 197 EP - 358 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Balaskas, Georgios A1 - Hoffmeister, Benno A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Pilz, Marco A1 - Bauer, Anna ED - Papadrakakis, Manolis ED - Fragiadakis, Michalis T1 - Earthquake early warning and response system based on intelligent seismic and monitoring sensors embedded in a communication platform and coupled with BIM models T2 - Proceedings of COMPDYN 2021 N2 - This paper describes the concept of an innovative, interdisciplinary, user-oriented earthquake warning and rapid response system coupled with a structural health monitoring system (SHM), capable to detect structural damages in real time. The novel system is based on interconnected decentralized seismic and structural health monitoring sensors. It is developed and will be exemplarily applied on critical infrastructures in Lower Rhine Region, in particular on a road bridge and within a chemical industrial facility. A communication network is responsible to exchange information between sensors and forward warnings and status reports about infrastructures’health condition to the concerned recipients (e.g., facility operators, local authorities). Safety measures such as emergency shutdowns are activated to mitigate structural damages and damage propagation. Local monitoring systems of the infrastructures are integrated in BIM models. The visualization of sensor data and the graphic representation of the detected damages provide spatial content to sensors data and serve as a useful and effective tool for the decision-making processes after an earthquake in the region under consideration. KW - early warning and response system KW - interconnected sensor systems KW - seismic structural damage detection via SHM KW - integration SHM in BIM Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-618-85072-5-8 U6 - https://doi.org/10.7712/120121.8539.18855 SN - 2623-3347 N1 - COMPDYN 2021, 28-30 June 2021, Streamed from Athens, Greece, 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering SP - 987 EP - 998 PB - National Technical University of Athens CY - Athen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hoyler, Friedrich A1 - Colvin, G. G. A1 - Robinson, S. J. T1 - E0 transitions in 106Pd studied by neutron capture / G. G. Colvin ; F. Hoyler ; S. J. Robinson JF - Journal of physics / G. 13 (1987), H. 2 Y1 - 1987 SN - 0305-4616 SP - 191 EP - 204 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sattler, Johannes Christoph A1 - Alexopoulos, Spiros A1 - Chico Caminos, Ricardo Alexander A1 - Mitchell, John C. A1 - Ruiz, Victor C. A1 - Kalogirou, Soteris A1 - Ktistis, Panayiotis K. A1 - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José A1 - Herrmann, Ulf T1 - Dynamic simulation model of a parabolic trough collector system with concrete thermal energy storage for process steam generation T2 - AIP Conference Proceedings Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5117663 SN - 0094243X VL - 2126 SP - 150007-1 EP - 150007-8 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dalguer, Luis A. A1 - Churilov, Sergey A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Renault, Philippe A1 - Hyun, An Jun T1 - Dynamic analysis of a reinforced concrete electrical nuclear building of SMART 2013 project subjected to earthquake excitation using ABAQUS T2 - Workshop SMART2013 : Paris, France, November 25th - 27th, 2014 Y1 - 2014 SP - 1 EP - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Förster, Arnold A1 - Leuther, A. A1 - Lüth, H. T1 - DX centres, conduction band offsets and Si-dopant segregation in heterostructures / A. Leuther ; A. Förster ; H. Lüth ... JF - Semiconductor science and technology. 11 (1996), H. 5 Y1 - 1996 SN - 1361-6641 SP - 766 EP - 771 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Förster, Arnold A1 - Hauke, M. A1 - Jakumeit, J. A1 - Krafft, B. T1 - DX Centers in Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs Analyzed by Point Contact Measurements. Hauke, M.; Jakumeit, J.; Krafft, B.; Nimtz, G.; Förster, A.; Lüth, H. JF - Journal of Applied Physics. 84 (1998), H. 4 Y1 - 1998 SN - 1089-7550 SP - 2034 EP - 2039 ER -