TY - JOUR A1 - Hoffstadt, Kevin A1 - Pohen, Gino D. A1 - Dicke, Max D. A1 - Paulsen, Svea A1 - Krafft, Simone A1 - Zang, Joachim W. A1 - Fonseca-Zang, Warde A. da A1 - Leite, Athaydes A1 - Kuperjans, Isabel T1 - Challenges and prospects of biogas from energy cane as supplement to bioethanol production JF - Agronomy N2 - Innovative breeds of sugar cane yield up to 2.5 times as much organic matter as conventional breeds, resulting in a great potential for biogas production. The use of biogas production as a complementary solution to conventional and second-generation ethanol production in Brazil may increase the energy produced per hectare in the sugarcane sector. Herein, it was demonstrated that through ensiling, energy cane can be conserved for six months; the stored cane can then be fed into a continuous biogas process. This approach is necessary to achieve year-round biogas production at an industrial scale. Batch tests revealed specific biogas potentials between 400 and 600 LN/kgVS for both the ensiled and non-ensiled energy cane, and the specific biogas potential of a continuous biogas process fed with ensiled energy cane was in the same range. Peak biogas losses through ensiling of up to 27% after six months were observed. Finally, compared with second-generation ethanol production using energy cane, the results indicated that biogas production from energy cane may lead to higher energy yields per hectare, with an average energy yield of up to 162 MWh/ha. Finally, the Farm²CBG concept is introduced, showing an approach for decentralized biogas production. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060821 SN - 2073-4395 VL - 10 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Handschuh, Nils A1 - Stollenwerk, Dominik A1 - Borchert, Jörg T1 - Operation of thermal storage power plants under high renewable grid penetration T2 - NEIS 2021: Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems N2 - The planned coal phase-out in Germany by 2038 will lead to the dismantling of power plants with a total capacity of approx. 30 GW. A possible further use of these assets is the conversion of the power plants to thermal storage power plants; the use of these power plants on the day-ahead market is considerably limited by their technical parameters. In this paper, the influence of the technical boundary conditions on the operating times of these storage facilities is presented. For this purpose, the storage power plants were described as an MILP problem and two price curves, one from 2015 with a relatively low renewable penetration (33 %) and one from 2020 with a high renewable energy penetration (51 %) are compared. The operating times were examined as a function of the technical parameters and the critical influencing factors were investigated. The thermal storage power plant operation duration and the energy shifted with the price curve of 2020 increases by more than 25 % compared to 2015. KW - storage optimisation KW - storage dispatch KW - thermal storage Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-8007-5651-3 N1 - NEIS 2021: Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems. 13-14 September 2021. Hamburg, Germany SP - 261 EP - 265 PB - VDE Verlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard A1 - Alexopoulos, Spiros A1 - Rau, Christoph A1 - Sattler, Johannes, Christoph A1 - Anthrakidis, Anette A1 - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José A1 - O’Connor, B. A1 - Caminos, R.A. Chico A1 - Rendón, C. A1 - Hilger, P. T1 - Concentrating Solar Power T2 - Earth systems and environmental sciences N2 - The focus of this chapter is the production of power and the use of the heat produced from concentrated solar thermal power (CSP) systems. The chapter starts with the general theoretical principles of concentrating systems including the description of the concentration ratio, the energy and mass balance. The power conversion systems is the main part where solar-only operation and the increase in operational hours. Solar-only operation include the use of steam turbines, gas turbines, organic Rankine cycles and solar dishes. The operational hours can be increased with hybridization and with storage. Another important topic is the cogeneration where solar cooling, desalination and of heat usage is described. Many examples of commercial CSP power plants as well as research facilities from the past as well as current installed and in operation are described in detail. The chapter closes with economic and environmental aspects and with the future potential of the development of CSP around the world. KW - Central receiver power plant KW - Concentrated systems KW - Concentrating solar power KW - Fresnel power plant KW - Gas turbine Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-0-12-409548-9 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819727-1.00089-3 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Alexopoulos, Spiros A1 - Hoffschmidt, Bernhard T1 - Advances in solar tower technology JF - Wiley interdisciplinary reviews : Energy and Environment : WIREs Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/wene.217 SN - 2041-840X VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 19 PB - Wiley CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rupp, Matthias A1 - Handschuh, Nils A1 - Rieke, Christian A1 - Kuperjans, Isabel T1 - Contribution of country-specific electricity mix and charging time to environmental impact of battery electric vehicles: A case study of electric buses in Germany JF - Applied Energy Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.059 SN - 0306-2619 VL - 237 SP - 618 EP - 634 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - El Moussaoui, Noureddine A1 - Kassmi, Khalil A1 - Alexopoulos, Spiros A1 - Schwarzer, Klemens A1 - Chayeb, Hamid A1 - Bachiri, Najib T1 - Simulation studies on a new innovative design of a hybrid solar distiller MSDH alimented with a thermal and photovoltaic energy T2 - Materialstoday: Proceedings N2 - In this paper, we present the structure, the simulation the operation of a multi-stage, hybrid solar desalination system (MSDH), powered by thermal and photovoltaic (PV) (MSDH) energy. The MSDH system consists of a lower basin, eight horizontal stages, a field of four flat thermal collectors with a total area of 8.4 m2, 3 Kw PV panels and solar batteries. During the day the system is heated by thermal energy, and at night by heating resistors, powered by solar batteries. These batteries are charged by the photovoltaic panels during the day. More specifically, during the day and at night, we analyse the temperature of the stages and the production of distilled water according to the solar irradiation intensity and the electric heating power, supplied by the solar batteries. The simulations were carried out in the meteorological conditions of the winter month (February 2020), presenting intensities of irradiance and ambient temperature reaching 824 W/m2 and 23 °C respectively. The results obtained show that during the day the system is heated by the thermal collectors, the temperature of the stages and the quantity of water produced reach 80 °C and 30 Kg respectively. At night, from 6p.m. the system is heated by the electric energy stored in the batteries, the temperature of the stages and the quantity of water produced reach respectively 90 °C and 104 Kg for an electric heating power of 2 Kw. Moreover, when the electric power varies from 1 Kw to 3 Kw the quantity of water produced varies from 92 Kg to 134 Kg. The analysis of these results and their comparison with conventional solar thermal desalination systems shows a clear improvement both in the heating of the stages, by 10%, and in the quantity of water produced by a factor of 3. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.03.115 SN - 2214-7853 N1 - The Fourth edition of the International Conference on Materials & Environmental Science (ICMES 2020), virtual conference, November 18-28, 2020, Morocco VL - 45 IS - 8 SP - 7653 EP - 7660 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Mistler, M. A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Anthoine, A. T1 - Evaluation of the failure criterion for masonry by homogenisation T2 - Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Computational Structures Technology : [Lisbon, Portugal, 7 - 9 September 2004] / ed. by B. H. V. Topping and C.A. Mota Soares Y1 - 2004 SN - 0-948749-95-4 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4203/ccp.79.201 PB - Civil-Comp Press CY - Stirling ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Sattler, Johannes, Christoph A1 - Caminos, Ricardo Alexander Chico A1 - Ürlings, Nicolas A1 - Dutta, Siddharth A1 - Ruiz, Victor A1 - Kalogirou, Soteris A1 - Ktistis, Panayiotis A1 - Agathokleous, Rafaela A1 - Jung, Christian A1 - Alexopoulos, Spiros A1 - Atti, Vikrama Nagababu A1 - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José A1 - Herrmann, Ulf T1 - Operational experience and behaviour of a parabolic trough collector system with concrete thermal energy storage for process steam generation in Cyprus T2 - AIP Conference Proceedings N2 - As part of the transnational research project EDITOR, a parabolic trough collector system (PTC) with concrete thermal energy storage (C-TES) was installed and commissioned in Limassol, Cyprus. The system is located on the premises of the beverage manufacturer KEAN Soft Drinks Ltd. and its function is to supply process steam for the factory's pasteurisation process [1]. Depending on the factory's seasonally varying capacity for beverage production, the solar system delivers between 5 and 25 % of the total steam demand. In combination with the C-TES, the solar plant can supply process steam on demand before sunrise or after sunset. Furthermore, the C-TES compensates the PTC during the day in fluctuating weather conditions. The parabolic trough collector as well as the control and oil handling unit is designed and manufactured by Protarget AG, Germany. The C-TES is designed and produced by CADE Soluciones de Ingeniería, S.L., Spain. In the focus of this paper is the description of the operational experience with the PTC, C-TES and boiler during the commissioning and operation phase. Additionally, innovative optimisation measures are presented. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0029278 N1 - SOLARPACES 2019: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems, 1–4 October 2019, Daegu, South Korea IS - 2303 SP - 140004-1 EP - 140004-10 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rendon, Carlos A1 - Schwager, Christian A1 - Ghiasi, Mona A1 - Schmitz, Pascal A1 - Bohang, Fakhri A1 - Caminos, Ricardo Alexander Chico A1 - Teixeira Boura, Cristiano José A1 - Herrmann, Ulf T1 - Modeling and upscaling of a pilot bayonettube reactor for indirect solar mixed methane reforming T2 - AIP Conference Proceedings N2 - A 16.77 kW thermal power bayonet-tube reactor for the mixed reforming of methane using solar energy has been designed and modeled. A test bench for the experimental tests has been installed at the Synlight facility in Juelich, Germany and has just been commissioned. This paper presents the solar-heated reactor design for a combined steam and dry reforming as well as a scaled-up process simulation of a solar reforming plant for methanol production. Solar power towers are capable of providing large amounts of heat to drive high-endothermic reactions, and their integration with thermochemical processes shows a promising future. In the designed bayonet-tube reactor, the conventional burner arrangement for the combustion of natural gas has been substituted by a continuous 930 °C hot air stream, provided by means of a solar heated air receiver, a ceramic thermal storage and an auxiliary firing system. Inside the solar-heated reactor, the heat is transferred by means of convective mechanism mainly; instead of radiation mechanism as typically prevailing in fossil-based industrial reforming processes. A scaled-up solar reforming plant of 50.5 MWth was designed and simulated in Dymola® and AspenPlus®. In comparison to a fossil-based industrial reforming process of the same thermal capacity, a solar reforming plant with thermal storage promises a reduction up to 57 % of annual natural gas consumption in regions with annual DNI-value of 2349 kWh/m2. The benchmark solar reforming plant contributes to a CO2 avoidance of approx. 79 kilotons per year. This facility can produce a nominal output of 734.4 t of synthesis gas and out of this 530 t of methanol a day. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0029974 N1 - SOLARPACES 2019: International Conference on Concentrating Solar Power and Chemical Energy Systems, 1–4 October 2019, Daegu, South Korea IS - 2303 SP - 170012-1 EP - 170012-9 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schmitt, Timo A1 - Rosin, Julia A1 - Butenweg, Christoph T1 - Seismic Impact And Design Of Buried Pipelines T2 - 16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, 18-21 June, 2018 N2 - Seismic design of buried pipeline systems for energy and water supply is not only important for plant and operational safety but also for the maintenance of the supply infrastructure after an earthquake. The present paper shows special issues of the seismic wave impacts on buried pipelines, describes calculation methods, proposes approaches and gives calculation examples. This paper regards the effects of transient displacement differences and resulting tensions within the pipeline due to the wave propagation of the earthquake. However, the presented model can also be used to calculate fault rupture induced displacements. Based on a three-dimensional Finite Element Model parameter studies are performed to show the influence of several parameters such as incoming wave angle, wave velocity, backfill height and synthetic displacement time histories. The interaction between the pipeline and the surrounding soil is modeled with non-linear soil springs and the propagating wave is simulated affecting the pipeline punctually, independently in time and space. Special attention is given to long-distance heat pipeline systems. Here, in regular distances expansion bends are arranged to ensure movements of the pipeline due to high temperature. Such expansion bends are usually designed with small bending radii, which during the earthquake lead to high bending stresses in the cross-section of the pipeline. Finally, an interpretation of the results and recommendations are given for the most critical parameters. Y1 - 2018 N1 - Paper No 10600 SP - 1 EP - 12 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Michel, Philipp A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Klinkel, Sven T1 - Frequency Dependent Impedance Analysis of the Foundation-Soil-Systems of Onshore Wind Turbines T2 - 16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, 18-21 June, 2018 Y1 - 2018 N1 - Paper No 11440 SP - 1 EP - 13 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Marinkovic, Marko A1 - Fehling, Ekkehard A1 - Pfetzing, Thomas A1 - Kubalski, Thomas T1 - Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Masonry Infills under Combined In- and Out-of-plane Seismic Loading T2 - 16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, 18-21 June, 2018 Y1 - 2018 N1 - Paper No 11477 SP - 1 EP - 12 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Marinkovic, Marko A1 - Butenweg, Christoph T1 - Innovative System for Earthquake Resistant Masonry Infill Walls T2 - 16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, 18-21 June, 2018 Y1 - 2018 N1 - Paper No 11479 SP - 1 EP - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Göttsche, Joachim A1 - Alexopoulos, Spiros A1 - Dümmler, Andreas A1 - Maddineni, S. K. T1 - Multi-Mirror Array Calculations With Optical Error N2 - The optical performance of a 2-axis solar concentrator was simulated with the COMSOL Multiphysics® software. The concentrator consists of a mirror array, which was created using the application builder. The mirror facets are preconfigured to form a focal point. During tracking all mirrors are moved simultaneously in a coupled mode by 2 motors in two axes, in order to keep the system in focus with the moving sun. Optical errors on each reflecting surface were implemented in combination with the solar angular cone of ± 4.65 mrad. As a result, the intercept factor of solar radiation that is available to the receiver was calculated as a function of the transversal and longitudinal angles of incidence. In addition, the intensity distribution on the receiver plane was calculated as a function of the incidence angles. KW - solar process heat KW - concentrating collector KW - raytracing KW - point-focussing system Y1 - 2019 SP - 1 EP - 6 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rajan, Sreelakshmy A1 - Holtschoppen, B. A1 - Dalguer, L. A. A1 - Klinkel, S. A1 - Butenweg, Christoph ED - Sas, P. T1 - Seismic fragility analysis of a non-conventional reinforced concrete structure considering different uncertainties T2 - Proceedings of ISMA2016, International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering/USD2016, International Conference on Uncertainty in Structural Dynamics, / ISMA 2016, USD 2016 Y1 - 2016 SP - 4213 EP - 4225 PB - KU Leuven CY - Leuven ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rajan, S. A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Dalguer, L. A. A1 - An, J. H. A1 - Renault, P. A1 - Klinkel, S. T1 - Fragility curves for a three-storey reinforced concrete test structure of the international benchmark SMART 2013 T2 - 16th World Conference on Earthquake, 16WCEE 2017 Santiago Chile, January 9th to 13th 2017 Y1 - 2017 N1 - Paper No 2119 PB - Chilean Association on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering (ACHISINA) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rosin, J. A1 - Mykoniou, K. A1 - Butenweg, Christoph T1 - Analysis Of Base Isolated Liquid Storage Tanks With 3D Fsi-Analysis As Well As Simplified Approaches T2 - 16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 16WCEE 2017 Santiago Chile, January 9th to 13th 2017 N2 - Tanks are preferably designed, for cost-saving reasons, as circular, cylindrical, thin-walled shells. In case of seismic excitation, these constructions are highly vulnerable to stability failures. An earthquake-resistant design of rigidly supported tanks for high seismic loading demands, however, uneconomic wall thicknesses. A cost-effective alternative can be provided by base isolation systems. In this paper, a simplified seismic design procedure for base isolated tanks is introduced, by appropriately modifying the standard mechanical model for flexible, rigidly supported tanks. The non-linear behavior of conventional base isolation systems becomes an integral part of a proposed simplified process, which enables the assessment of the reduced hydrodynamic forces acting on the tank walls and the corresponding stress distribution. The impulsive and convective actions of the liquid are taken into account. The validity of this approach is evaluated by employing a non-linear fluid-structure interaction algorithm of finite element method. Special focus is placed on the boundary conditions imposed from the base isolation and the resulting hydrodynamic pressures. Both horizontal and vertical component of ground motion are considered in order to study the principal effects of the base isolation on the pressure distribution of the tank walls. The induced rocking effects associated with elastomeric bearings are discussed. The results manifest that base isolated tanks can be designed for seismic loads by means of the proposed procedure with sufficient accuracy, allowing to dispense with numerically expensive techniques. KW - liquid storage tank KW - seismic isolation KW - elastomeric bearing KW - friction pendulum bearing KW - simplified approach Y1 - 2017 N1 - Paper No 2246 SP - 1 EP - 14 PB - Chilean Association on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering (ACHISINA) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kubalski, T. A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Marinković, Marko A1 - Klinkel, S. T1 - Investigation Of The Seismic Behaviour Of Infill Masonry Using Numerical Modelling Approaches T2 - 16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 16WCEE 2017 Santiago Chile, January 9th to 13th 2017 N2 - Masonry is a widely spread construction type which is used all over the world for different types of structures. Due to its simple and cheap construction, it is used as non-structural as well as structural element. In frame structures, such as reinforced concrete frames, masonry may be used as infill. While the bare frame itself is able to carry the loads when it comes to seismic events, the infilled frame is not able to warp freely due to the constrained movement. This restraint results in a complex interaction between the infill and the surrounding frame, which may lead to severe damage to the infill as well as the surrounding frame. The interaction is studied in different projects and effective approaches for the description of the behavior are still lacking. Experimental programs are usually quite expensive, while numerical models, once validated, do offer an efficient approach for the investigation of the interaction when horizontally loaded. In order to study the numerous parameters influencing the seismic load bearing behavior, numerical models may be used. Therefore, this contribution presents a numerical approach for the simulation of infill masonry in reinforced concrete frames. Both parts, the surrounding frame as well as the infill are represented by micro modelling approaches to correctly take into account the different types of failure. The adopted numerical model describes the inelastic behavior of the system, as indicated by the obtained results of the overall structural response as well as the formation of damage in the infilled wall. Comparison of the numerical and experimental results highlights the valuable contribution of numerical simulations in the study and design of infilled frames. As damage of the infill masonry may occur in-plane due to the interaction as well as out-of-plane due to the low vertical load, both directions of loading are investigated. Y1 - 2017 N1 - Paper No 3064 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Chilean Association on Seismology and Earthquake Engineering (ACHISINA) ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rosin, Julia A1 - Butenweg, Christoph A1 - Boesen, Niklas A1 - Gellert, Christoph T1 - Evaluation of the Seismic Behavior of a Modern URM Building During the 2012 Northern Italy Earthquakes T2 - 16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, 18-21 June, 2018 Y1 - 2018 SP - 1 EP - 12 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Anic, Filip A1 - Penava, Davorin A1 - Guljas, Ivica A1 - Sarhosis, Vasilis A1 - Abrahamczyk, Lars A1 - Butenweg, Christoph T1 - The Effect of Openings on Out-of-Plane Capacity of Masonry Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frames T2 - 16th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, 18-21 June, 2018 Y1 - 2018 N1 - Paper No 10168 SP - 1 EP - 11 ER -