TY - CHAP A1 - Burgeth, Bernhard A1 - Kleefeld, Andreas A1 - Zhang, Eugene A1 - Zhang, Yue ED - Baudrier, Étienne ED - Naegel, Benoît ED - Krähenbühl, Adrien ED - Tajine, Mohamed T1 - Towards Topological Analysis of Non-symmetric Tensor Fields via Complexification T2 - Discrete Geometry and Mathematical Morphology N2 - Fields of asymmetric tensors play an important role in many applications such as medical imaging (diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging), physics, and civil engineering (for example Cauchy-Green-deformation tensor, strain tensor with local rotations, etc.). However, such asymmetric tensors are usually symmetrized and then further processed. Using this procedure results in a loss of information. A new method for the processing of asymmetric tensor fields is proposed restricting our attention to tensors of second-order given by a 2x2 array or matrix with real entries. This is achieved by a transformation resulting in Hermitian matrices that have an eigendecomposition similar to symmetric matrices. With this new idea numerical results for real-world data arising from a deformation of an object by external forces are given. It is shown that the asymmetric part indeed contains valuable information. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-031-19897-7 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19897-7_5 N1 - Second International Joint Conference, DGMM 2022, Strasbourg, France, October 24–27, 2022 N1 - Corresponding author: Andreas Kleefeld SP - 48 EP - 59 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cheenakula, Dheeraja A1 - Hoffstadt, Kevin A1 - Krafft, Simone A1 - Reinecke, Diana A1 - Klose, Holger A1 - Kuperjans, Isabel A1 - Grömping, Markus T1 - Anaerobic digestion of algal–bacterial biomass of an Algal Turf Scrubber system JF - Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery N2 - This study investigated the anaerobic digestion of an algal–bacterial biofilm grown in artificial wastewater in an Algal Turf Scrubber (ATS). The ATS system was located in a greenhouse (50°54′19ʺN, 6°24′55ʺE, Germany) and was exposed to seasonal conditions during the experiment period. The methane (CH4) potential of untreated algal–bacterial biofilm (UAB) and thermally pretreated biofilm (PAB) using different microbial inocula was determined by anaerobic batch fermentation. Methane productivity of UAB differed significantly between microbial inocula of digested wastepaper, a mixture of manure and maize silage, anaerobic sewage sludge, and percolated green waste. UAB using sewage sludge as inoculum showed the highest methane productivity. The share of methane in biogas was dependent on inoculum. Using PAB, a strong positive impact on methane productivity was identified for the digested wastepaper (116.4%) and a mixture of manure and maize silage (107.4%) inocula. By contrast, the methane yield was significantly reduced for the digested anaerobic sewage sludge (50.6%) and percolated green waste (43.5%) inocula. To further evaluate the potential of algal–bacterial biofilm for biogas production in wastewater treatment and biogas plants in a circular bioeconomy, scale-up calculations were conducted. It was found that a 0.116 km2 ATS would be required in an average municipal wastewater treatment plant which can be viewed as problematic in terms of space consumption. However, a substantial amount of energy surplus (4.7–12.5 MWh a−1) can be gained through the addition of algal–bacterial biomass to the anaerobic digester of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. Wastewater treatment and subsequent energy production through algae show dominancy over conventional technologies. KW - Biogas KW - Methane KW - Algal Turf Scrubber KW - Algal–bacterial bioflm KW - Circular bioeconomy Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03236-z SN - 2190-6823 N1 - Corresponding author: Dheeraja Cheenakula VL - 13 SP - 15 Seiten PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Hinke, Christian A1 - Vervier, Luisa A1 - Brauner, Philipp A1 - Schneider, Sebastian A1 - Steuer-Dankert, Linda A1 - Ziefle, Martina A1 - Leicht-Scholten, Carmen T1 - Capability configuration in next generation manufacturing T2 - Forecasting next generation manufacturing : digital shadows, human-machine collaboration, and data-driven business models N2 - Industrial production systems are facing radical change in multiple dimensions. This change is caused by technological developments and the digital transformation of production, as well as the call for political and social change to facilitate a transformation toward sustainability. These changes affect both the capabilities of production systems and companies and the design of higher education and educational programs. Given the high uncertainty in the likelihood of occurrence and the technical, economic, and societal impacts of these concepts, we conducted a technology foresight study, in the form of a real-time Delphi analysis, to derive reliable future scenarios featuring the next generation of manufacturing systems. This chapter presents the capabilities dimension and describes each projection in detail, offering current case study examples and discussing related research, as well as implications for policy makers and firms. Specifically, we discuss the benefits of capturing expert knowledge and making it accessible to newcomers, especially in highly specialized industries. The experts argue that in order to cope with the challenges and circumstances of today’s world, students must already during their education at university learn how to work with AI and other technologies. This means that study programs must change and that universities must adapt their structural aspects to meet the needs of the students. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-031-07733-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07734-0_6 SP - 95 EP - 106 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schüller-Ruhl, Aaron A1 - Dinstühler, Leonard A1 - Senger, Thorsten A1 - Bergfeld, Stefan A1 - Ingenhag, Christian A1 - Fleischhaker, Robert ED - Mackenzie, Jacob T1 - Direct fabrication of arbitrary phase masks in optical glass via ultra-short pulsed laser writing of refractive index modifications JF - Applied Physics B N2 - We study the possibility to fabricate an arbitrary phase mask in a one-step laser-writing process inside the volume of an optical glass substrate. We derive the phase mask from a Gerchberg–Saxton-type algorithm as an array and create each individual phase shift using a refractive index modification of variable axial length. We realize the variable axial length by superimposing refractive index modifications induced by an ultra-short pulsed laser at different focusing depth. Each single modification is created by applying 1000 pulses with 15 μJ pulse energy at 100 kHz to a fixed spot of 25 μm diameter and the focus is then shifted axially in steps of 10 μm. With several proof-of-principle examples, we show the feasibility of our method. In particular, we identify the induced refractive index change to about a value of Δn=1.5⋅10−3. We also determine our current limitations by calculating the overlap in the form of a scalar product and we discuss possible future improvements. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-022-07928-2 SN - 1432-0649 (Online) SN - 0946-2171 (Print) N1 - Corresponding author: Robert Fleischhaker VL - 128 IS - Article number: 208 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Butenweg, Christoph ED - Vacareanu, Radu ED - Ionescu, Constantin T1 - Seismic design and evaluation of industrial facilities T2 - The Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology N2 - Industrial facilities must be thoroughly designed to withstand seismic actions as they exhibit an increased loss potential due to the possibly wideranging damage consequences and the valuable process engineering equipment. Past earthquakes showed the social and political consequences of seismic damage to industrial facilities and sensitized the population and politicians worldwide for the possible hazard emanating from industrial facilities. However, a holistic approach for the seismic design of industrial facilities can presently neither be found in national nor in international standards. The introduction of EN 1998-4 of the new generation of Eurocode 8 will improve the normative situation with specific seismic design rules for silos, tanks and pipelines and secondary process components. The article presents essential aspects of the seismic design of industrial facilities based on the new generation of Eurocode 8 using the example of tank structures and secondary process components. The interaction effects of the process components with the primary structure are illustrated by means of the experimental results of a shaking table test of a three story moment resisting steel frame with different process components. Finally, an integrated approach of digital plant models based on building information modelling (BIM) and structural health monitoring (SHM) is presented, which provides not only a reliable decision-making basis for operation, maintenance and repair but also an excellent tool for rapid assessment of seismic damage. KW - Industrial facilities KW - Seismic design KW - Tanks KW - EN 1998-4 KW - Structural health monitoring Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-031-15103-3 SN - 978-3-031-15106-4 SN - 978-3-031-15104-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15104-0 SN - 2524-342X SN - 2524-3438 N1 - 3ECEES - Third European Conference on Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, September 4 – September 9, 2022, Bucharest SP - 449 EP - 464 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Akimbekov, Nuraly S. A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Sherelkhan, Dinara K. A1 - Razzaque, Mohammed S. T1 - Vitamin D and Phosphate Interactions in Health and Disease T2 - Phosphate Metabolism N2 - Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium and inorganic phosphate (Pi) homeostasis, maintaining their optimal levels to assure adequate bone mineralization. Vitamin D, as calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D), not only increases intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption but also facilitates their renal reabsorption, leading to elevated serum calcium and phosphate levels. The interaction of 1,25(OH)2D with its receptor (VDR) increases the efficiency of intestinal absorption of calcium to 30–40% and phosphate to nearly 80%. Serum phosphate levels can also influence 1,25 (OH)2D and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) levels, i.e., higher phosphate concentrations suppress vitamin D activation and stimulate parathyroid hormone (PTH) release, while a high FGF23 serum level leads to reduced vitamin D synthesis. In the vitamin D-deficient state, the intestinal calcium absorption decreases and the secretion of PTH increases, which in turn causes the stimulation of 1,25(OH)2D production, resulting in excessive urinary phosphate loss. Maintenance of phosphate homeostasis is essential as hyperphosphatemia is a risk factor of cardiovascular calcification, chronic kidney diseases (CKD), and premature aging, while hypophosphatemia is usually associated with rickets and osteomalacia. This chapter elaborates on the possible interactions between vitamin D and phosphate in health and disease. KW - Vitamin D KW - PTH KW - Phosphate KW - FGF23 KW - Klotho Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-030-91621-3 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91623-7_5 SP - 37 EP - 46 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Brauner, Philipp A1 - Vervier, Luisa A1 - Brillowski, Florian A1 - Dammers, Hannah A1 - Steuer-Dankert, Linda A1 - Schneider, Sebastian A1 - Baier, Ralph A1 - Ziefle, Martina A1 - Gries, Thomas A1 - Leicht-Scholten, Carmen A1 - Mertens, Alexander A1 - Nagel, Saskia K. T1 - Organization Routines in Next Generation Manufacturing T2 - Forecasting Next Generation Manufacturing N2 - Next Generation Manufacturing promises significant improvements in performance, productivity, and value creation. In addition to the desired and projected improvements regarding the planning, production, and usage cycles of products, this digital transformation will have a huge impact on work, workers, and workplace design. Given the high uncertainty in the likelihood of occurrence and the technical, economic, and societal impacts of these changes, we conducted a technology foresight study, in the form of a real-time Delphi analysis, to derive reliable future scenarios featuring the next generation of manufacturing systems. This chapter presents the organization dimension and describes each projection in detail, offering current case study examples and discussing related research, as well as implications for policy makers and firms. Specifically, we highlight seven areas in which the digital transformation of production will change how we work, how we organize the work within a company, how we evaluate these changes, and how employment and labor rights will be affected across company boundaries. The experts are unsure whether the use of collaborative robots in factories will replace traditional robots by 2030. They believe that the use of hybrid intelligence will supplement human decision-making processes in production environments. Furthermore, they predict that artificial intelligence will lead to changes in management processes, leadership, and the elimination of hierarchies. However, to ensure that social and normative aspects are incorporated into the AI algorithms, restricting measurement of individual performance will be necessary. Additionally, AI-based decision support can significantly contribute toward new, socially accepted modes of leadership. Finally, the experts believe that there will be a reduction in the workforce by the year 2030. Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-031-07734-0 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07734-0_5 SP - 75 EP - 94 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schneider, Jules A1 - Schwabedal, Justus T. C. A1 - Bialonski, Stephan T1 - Schlafspindeln – Funktion, Detektion und Nutzung als Biomarker für die psychiatrische Diagnostik JF - Der Nervenarzt N2 - Hintergrund: Die Schlafspindel ist ein Graphoelement des Elektroenzephalogramms (EEG), das im Leicht- und Tiefschlaf beobachtet werden kann. Veränderungen der Spindelaktivität wurden für verschiedene psychiatrische Erkrankungen beschrieben. Schlafspindeln zeigen aufgrund ihrer relativ konstanten Eigenschaften Potenzial als Biomarker in der psychiatrischen Diagnostik. Methode: Dieser Beitrag liefert einen Überblick über den Stand der Wissenschaft zu Eigenschaften und Funktionen der Schlafspindeln sowie über beschriebene Veränderungen der Spindelaktivität bei psychiatrischen Erkrankungen. Verschiedene methodische Ansätze und Ausblicke zur Spindeldetektion werden hinsichtlich deren Anwendungspotenzial in der psychiatrischen Diagnostik erläutert. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung: Während Veränderungen der Spindelaktivität bei psychiatrischen Erkrankungen beschrieben wurden, ist deren exaktes Potenzial für die psychiatrische Diagnostik noch nicht ausreichend erforscht. Diesbezüglicher Erkenntnisgewinn wird in der Forschung gegenwärtig durch ressourcenintensive und fehleranfällige Methoden zur manuellen oder automatisierten Spindeldetektion ausgebremst. Neuere Detektionsansätze, die auf Deep-Learning-Verfahren basieren, könnten die Schwierigkeiten bisheriger Detektionsmethoden überwinden und damit neue Möglichkeiten für die praktisch KW - Schlafspindeldetektion KW - Psychiatrische Biomarker KW - · Psychiatrische Erkrankungen/Diagnostik KW - Elektroenzephalographie KW - Deep Learning Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-022-01340-z SN - 1433-0407 SP - 1 EP - 8 PB - Springer CY - Berlin, Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ditzhaus, Marc A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - Testing marginal homogeneity in Hilbert spaces with applications to stock market returns JF - Test N2 - This paper considers a paired data framework and discusses the question of marginal homogeneity of bivariate high-dimensional or functional data. The related testing problem can be endowed into a more general setting for paired random variables taking values in a general Hilbert space. To address this problem, a Cramér–von-Mises type test statistic is applied and a bootstrap procedure is suggested to obtain critical values and finally a consistent test. The desired properties of a bootstrap test can be derived that are asymptotic exactness under the null hypothesis and consistency under alternatives. Simulations show the quality of the test in the finite sample case. A possible application is the comparison of two possibly dependent stock market returns based on functional data. The approach is demonstrated based on historical data for different stock market indices. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11749-022-00802-5 SN - 1863-8260 VL - 2022 IS - 31 SP - 749 EP - 770 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bergmann, Ole A1 - Götten, Falk A1 - Braun, Carsten A1 - Janser, Frank T1 - Comparison and evaluation of blade element methods against RANS simulations and test data JF - CEAS Aeronautical Journal N2 - This paper compares several blade element theory (BET) method-based propeller simulation tools, including an evaluation against static propeller ground tests and high-fidelity Reynolds-Average Navier Stokes (RANS) simulations. Two proprietary propeller geometries for paraglider applications are analysed in static and flight conditions. The RANS simulations are validated with the static test data and used as a reference for comparing the BET in flight conditions. The comparison includes the analysis of varying 2D aerodynamic airfoil parameters and different induced velocity calculation methods. The evaluation of the BET propeller simulation tools shows the strength of the BET tools compared to RANS simulations. The RANS simulations underpredict static experimental data within 10% relative error, while appropriate BET tools overpredict the RANS results by 15–20% relative error. A variation in 2D aerodynamic data depicts the need for highly accurate 2D data for accurate BET results. The nonlinear BET coupled with XFOIL for the 2D aerodynamic data matches best with RANS in static operation and flight conditions. The novel BET tool PropCODE combines both approaches and offers further correction models for highly accurate static and flight condition results. KW - BET KW - CFD propeller simulation KW - Propeller aerodynamics KW - Actuator disk modelling KW - Propeller performance Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-022-00579-1 SN - 1869-5590 (Online) SN - 1869-5582 (Print) N1 - Corresponding author: Ole Bergmann VL - 13 SP - 535 EP - 557 PB - Springer CY - Wien ER -