TY - JOUR A1 - Baringhaus, Ludwig A1 - Gaigall, Daniel T1 - On an independence test approach to the goodness-of-fit problem JF - Journal of Multivariate Analysis N2 - Let X₁,…,Xₙ be independent and identically distributed random variables with distribution F. Assuming that there are measurable functions f:R²→R and g:R²→R characterizing a family F of distributions on the Borel sets of R in the way that the random variables f(X₁,X₂),g(X₁,X₂) are independent, if and only if F∈F, we propose to treat the testing problem H:F∈F,K:F∉F by applying a consistent nonparametric independence test to the bivariate sample variables (f(Xᵢ,Xⱼ),g(Xᵢ,Xⱼ)),1⩽i,j⩽n,i≠j. A parametric bootstrap procedure needed to get critical values is shown to work. The consistency of the test is discussed. The power performance of the procedure is compared with that of the classical tests of Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Cramér–von Mises in the special cases where F is the family of gamma distributions or the family of inverse Gaussian distributions. KW - Goodness-of-fit test KW - Independence test KW - Parametric bootstrap KW - Vapnik–Čhervonenkis class KW - Gamma distribution Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2015.05.013 SN - 0047-259X VL - 2015 IS - 140 SP - 193 EP - 208 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klinge, Uwe A1 - Otto, Jens A1 - Mühl, Thomas T1 - High Structural Stability of Textile Implants Prevents Pore Collapse and Preserves Effective Porosity at Strain JF - BioMed Research International Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/953209 SN - 2314-6133 (Print) SN - 2314-6141 (Online) N1 - Article ID: 953209 VL - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pfaff, Raphael A1 - Babilon, Katharina T1 - Railway Challenge - moderne Auflage der Rainhill Trials? JF - Eisenbahntechnische Rundschau : ETR ; Impulsgeber für das System Bahn N2 - Die IMechE Railway Challenge wird jährlich in Stapleford, Großbritannien ausgetragen. Im Rahmen der Challenge entwickeln und bauen Studierende eine Lokomotive und vergleichen sich in verschiedenen Disziplinen, darunter eine automatisierte Zielbremsung, optimale Energierückgewinnung beim Bremsen und minimale Geräuschemissionen. Neben diesen und weiteren technischen Wettbewerbsdisziplinen treten die Fahrzeuge und die Teams auch in nicht-technischen Disziplinen wie einer Business Case Challenge an. Y1 - 2023 SN - 0013-2845 N1 - Homepageveröffentlichung unbefristet genehmigt für Fachhochschule Aachen / Rechte für einzelne Downloads und Ausdrucke für Besucher der Seiten genehmigt / © DVV Media Group GmbH VL - 2023 IS - 4 SP - 55 EP - 58 PB - DVV Media Group CY - Hamburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Frauenrath, Tobias A1 - Niendorf, Thoralf A1 - Kob, Malte T1 - Acoustic method for synchronization of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) JF - Acta Acustica N2 - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of moving organs requires synchronization with physiological motion or flow, which dictate the viable window for data acquisition. To meet this challenge, this study proposes an acoustic gating device (ACG) that employs acquisition and processing of acoustic signals for synchronization while providing MRI compatibility, immunity to interferences with electro-magnetic and acoustic fields and suitability for MRI at high magnetic field strengths. The applicability and robustness of the acoustic gating approach is examined in a pilot study, where it substitutes conventional ECG-gating for cardiovascular MR. The merits and limitations of the ACG approach are discussed. Implications for MR imaging in the presence of physiological motion are considered including synchronization with other structure- or motion borne sounds. Y1 - 2008 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3813/AAA.918017 SN - 1861-9959 VL - 94 IS - 1 SP - 148 EP - 155 PB - Hirzel CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berndt, Heinz A1 - Zahn, Helmut T1 - Peptide, 99 : Monomere cyclische Cystinpeptidderivate, III ; Synthese der Schafinsulin-A-Kettensequenzen A2–21 und A1–21 als monomere cyclische Dicystinpeptidderivate JF - Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie N2 - Die Synthese der Sequenzen A2—21 (13) und A1—21 (15) der Schafinsulin-A-Kette als monomere cyclische Dicystinpeptidderivate wird beschrieben. Die intrachenaren Cystinbrücken A6—7 und A 11 —20 vermitteln die Löslichkeit dieser Derivate in Dimethylformamid und ermöglichen erstmalig die Reindarstellung vollgeschützter Insulin-A-Kettenderivate. Die während der Synthese eingesetzten Schutzgruppen lassen sich mittels Trifluoressigsäure und 2-Mercaptoäthanol quantitativ entfernen. Y1 - 1975 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.197519750908 SN - 1099-0690 VL - 1975 IS - 9 SP - 1601 EP - 1612 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Timme, Michael T1 - Beweislast beim gutgläubigen Erwerb eines Kraftfahrzeugs ohne Erhalt der Zulassungsbescheinigung Teil II — Zugleich eine Besprechung von BGH, Urt. v. 23.9.2022 – V ZR 148/21, MDR 2022, 1542 JF - Monatsschrift für Deutsches Recht N2 - Im Handel mit Kraftfahrzeugen gehören Aspekte des gutgläubigen Erwerbs zu den beinahe alltäglichen Standardproblemen. Der BGH fügt in seiner Entscheidung v. 23.9.2022–VZR148/21, MDR 2022, 1541 diesem im Detail breit gefächerten Themenfeld einen weiteren Mosaikstein hinzu: Der Erwerber erhielt das verkaufte Kfz ohne Übergabe einer Zulassungsbescheinigung Teil II, behauptet aber, diese Bescheinigung sei dem vom ihm eingeschalteten Vermittler bei Erwerb (als Fälschung) vorgelegt worden. Tatsächlich befand sich das Original durchgängig beim wahren Eigentümer, der nunmehr Herausgabe des Fahrzeugs verlangt. Der BGH schützt in dieser Gestaltung im Ergebnis den Erwerber. Die Entscheidung ist in mehrfacher Hinsicht bemerkenswert. Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/doi.org/10.9785/mdtr-2023-770102 SN - 0340-1812 VL - 77 IS - 1 SP - r5 EP - r7 PB - Verlag Dr. Otto Schmidt CY - Köln ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Maurer, Florian A1 - Rieke, Christian A1 - Schemm, Ralf A1 - Stollenwerk, Dominik T1 - Analysis of an urban grid with high photovoltaic and e-mobility penetration JF - Energies N2 - This study analyses the expected utilization of an urban distribution grid under high penetration of photovoltaic and e-mobility with charging infrastructure on a residential level. The grid utilization and the corresponding power flow are evaluated, while varying the control strategies and photovoltaic installed capacity in different scenarios. Four scenarios are used to analyze the impact of e-mobility. The individual mobility demand is modelled based on the largest German studies on mobility “Mobilität in Deutschland”, which is carried out every 5 years. To estimate the ramp-up of photovoltaic generation, a potential analysis of the roof surfaces in the supply area is carried out via an evaluation of an open solar potential study. The photovoltaic feed-in time series is derived individually for each installed system in a resolution of 15 min. The residential consumption is estimated using historical smart meter data, which are collected in London between 2012 and 2014. For a realistic charging demand, each residential household decides daily on the state of charge if their vehicle requires to be charged. The resulting charging time series depends on the underlying behavior scenario. Market prices and mobility demand are therefore used as scenario input parameters for a utility function based on the current state of charge to model individual behavior. The aggregated electricity demand is the starting point of the power flow calculation. The evaluation is carried out for an urban region with approximately 3100 residents. The analysis shows that increased penetration of photovoltaics combined with a flexible and adaptive charging strategy can maximize PV usage and reduce the need for congestion-related intervention by the grid operator by reducing the amount of kWh charged from the grid by 30% which reduces the average price of a charged kWh by 35% to 14 ct/kWh from 21.8 ct/kWh without PV optimization. The resulting grid congestions are managed by implementing an intelligent price or control signal. The analysis took place using data from a real German grid with 10 subgrids. The entire software can be adapted for the analysis of different distribution grids and is publicly available as an open-source software library on GitHub. KW - distribution grid simulation KW - smart-charging KW - e-mobility Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/en16083380 SN - 1996-1073 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Advanced Solutions for the Efficient Integration of Electric Vehicles in Electricity Grids" N1 - Corresponding author: Florian Maurer VL - 16 IS - 8 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Biewendt, Marcel A1 - Blaschke, Florian A1 - Böhnert, Arno T1 - The rebound effect – a systematic review of the current state of affairs JF - European Journal of Economics and Business Studies N2 - This publication is intended to present the current state of research on the rebound effect. First, a systematic literature review is carried out to outline (current) scientific models and theories. Research Question 1 follows with a mathematical introduction of the rebound effect, which shows the interdependence of consumer behaviour, technological progress, and interwoven effects for both. Thereupon, the research field is analysed for gaps and limitations by a systematic literature review. To ensure quantitative and qualitative results, a review protocol is used that integrates two different stages and covers all relevant publications released between 2000 and 2019. Accordingly, 392 publications were identified that deal with the rebound effect. These papers were reviewed to obtain relevant information on the two research questions. The literature review shows that research on the rebound effect is not yet comprehensive and focuses mainly on the effect itself rather than solutions to avoid it. Research Question 2 finds that the main gap, and thus the limitations, is that not much research has been published on the actual avoidance of the rebound effect yet. This is a major limitation for practical application by decision-makers and politicians. Therefore, a theoretical analysis was carried out to identify potential theories and ideas to avoid the rebound effect. The most obvious idea to solve this problem is the theory of a Steady-State Economy (SSE), which has been described and reviewed. KW - sustainability KW - rebound-effect KW - literature KW - systematic KW - critical KW - SSE) JEL : O33 KW - review Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.26417/134nvy47z SN - 2601-8659 VL - 6 IS - 1 SP - 106 EP - 120 PB - Revistia CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Golland, Alexander T1 - Datenschutz beim Einsatz künstlicher Intelligenz im Unternehmen JF - NWB N2 - Seit Ende 2022 prägt das Schlagwort „Künstliche Intelligenz“ (KI) nicht nur den rechtswissenschaftlichen Diskurs. Die allgemeine Verfügbarkeit von generativen KI-Modellen, allen voran die großen Sprachmodelle (Large Language Models, kurz: LLM) wie ChatGPT von OpenAI oder Bing AI von Microsoft, erfreuen sich größter Beliebtheit: LLM sind in der Lage, auf Grundlage statistischer Methoden – eine entsprechende Schnittstelle (Interface) vorausgesetzt – auch technisch wenig versierten Nutzern verständliche Antworten auf ihre Fragen zu liefern. Dabei werden nicht nur umfassend Nutzerdaten verarbeitet, sondern auch auf weitere personenbezogene Daten zugegriffen sowie neue Daten erzeugt. Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche spezifischen datenschutzrechtlichen Herausforderungen sich für Unternehmen beim Einsatz solcher LLM stellen. Y1 - 2024 SN - 0028-3460 IS - 6 SP - 425 EP - 432 PB - NWB CY - Herne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Claer, Mario A1 - Ferrein, Alexander A1 - Schiffer, Stefan T1 - Calibration of a Rotating or Revolving Platform with a LiDAR Sensor JF - Applied Sciences Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/app9112238 SN - 2076-3417 VL - Volume 9 IS - issue 11, 2238 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER -