TY - JOUR A1 - Luft, Angela A1 - Luft, Nils A1 - Arntz, Kristian T1 - A basic description logic for service-oriented architecture in factory planning and operational control in the age of industry 4.0 JF - Applied Sciences N2 - Manufacturing companies across multiple industries face an increasingly dynamic and unpredictable environment. This development can be seen on both the market and supply side. To respond to these challenges, manufacturing companies must implement smart manufacturing systems and become more flexible and agile. The flexibility in operational planning regarding the scheduling and sequencing of customer orders needs to be increased and new structures must be implemented in manufacturing systems’ fundamental design as they constitute much of the operational flexibility available. To this end, smart and more flexible solutions for production planning and control (PPC) are developed. However, scheduling or sequencing is often only considered isolated in a predefined stable environment. Moreover, their orientation on the fundamental logic of the existing IT solutions and their applicability in a dynamic environment is limited. This paper presents a conceptual model for a task-based description logic that can be applied to factory planning, technology planning, and operational control. By using service-oriented architectures, the goal is to generate smart manufacturing systems. The logic is designed to allow for easy and automated maintenance. It is compatible with the existing resource and process allocation logic across operational and strategic factory and production planning. KW - manufacturing data model KW - production planning and control KW - manufacturing flexibility KW - technology planning KW - SOA KW - service-oriented architectures KW - factory planning Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137610 SN - 2076-3417 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Smart Industrial System" VL - 2023 IS - 13 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hengsbach, Jan-Niklas A1 - Engel, Mareike A1 - Cwienczek, Marcel A1 - Stiefelmaier, Judith A1 - Tippkötter, Nils A1 - Ulber, Roland T1 - Scalable unseparated bioelectrochemical reactors by using a carbon fiber brush as stirrer and working electrode JF - ChemElectroChem N2 - The concept of energy conversion into platform chemicals using bioelectrochemical systems (BES) has gained increasing attention in recent years, as the technology simultaneously provides an opportunity for sustainable chemical production and tackles the challenge of Power-to-X technologies. There are many approaches to realize the industrial scale of BES. One concept is to equip standard bioreactors with static electrodes. However, large installations resulted in a negative influence on various reactor parameters. In this study, we present a new single-chamber BES based on a stirred tank reactor in which the stirrer was replaced by a carbon fiber brush, performing the functions of the working electrode and the stirrer. The reactor is characterized in abiotic studies and electro-fermentations with Clostridium acetobutylicum. Compared to standard reactors an increase in butanol production of 20.14±3.66 % shows that the new BES can be efficiently used for bioelectrochemical processes. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202300440 SN - 2196-0216 VL - 10 IS - 21 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - El Bergui, Omnia A1 - Abouabdillah, Aziz A1 - Bourioug, Mohamed A1 - Schmitz, Dominik A1 - Biel, Markus A1 - Aboudrare, Abdellah A1 - Krauss, Manuel A1 - Jomaa, Ahlem A1 - Romuli, Sebastian A1 - Müller, Joachim A1 - Fagroud, Mustapha A1 - Bouabid, Rachid T1 - Innovative solutions for drought: Evaluating hydrogel application on onion cultivation (Allium cepa) in Morocco JF - Water N2 - Throughout the last decade, and particularly in 2022, water scarcity has become a critical concern in Morocco and other Mediterranean countries. The lack of rainfall during spring was worsened by a succession of heat waves during the summer. To address this drought, innovative solutions, including the use of new technologies such as hydrogels, will be essential to transform agriculture. This paper presents the findings of a study that evaluated the impact of hydrogel application on onion (Allium cepa) cultivation in Meknes, Morocco. The treatments investigated in this study comprised two different types of hydrogel-based soil additives (Arbovit® polyacrylate and Huminsorb® polyacrylate), applied at two rates (30 and 20 kg/ha), and irrigated at two levels of water supply (100% and 50% of daily crop evapotranspiration; ETc). Two control treatments were included, without hydrogel application and with both water amounts. The experiment was conducted in an open field using a completely randomized design. The results indicated a significant impact of both hydrogel-type dose and water dose on onion plant growth, as evidenced by various vegetation parameters. Among the hydrogels tested, Huminsorb® Polyacrylate produced the most favorable outcomes, with treatment T9 (100%, HP, 30 kg/ha) yielding 70.55 t/ha; this represented an increase of 11 t/ha as compared to the 100% ETc treatment without hydrogel application. Moreover, the combination of hydrogel application with 50% ETc water stress showed promising results, with treatment T4 (HP, 30 kg, 50%) producing almost the same yield as the 100% ETc treatment without hydrogel while saving 208 mm of water. KW - water economy KW - yield KW - deficit irrigation KW - hydrogel KW - onion Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/w15111972 VL - 15 IS - 11 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Abbas, Karim A1 - Hedwig, Lukas A1 - Balc, Nicolae A1 - Bremen, Sebastian T1 - Advanced FFF of PEEK: Infill strategies and material characteristics for rapid tooling JF - Polymers N2 - Traditional vulcanization mold manufacturing is complex, costly, and under pressure due to shorter product lifecycles and diverse variations. Additive manufacturing using Fused Filament Fabrication and high-performance polymers like PEEK offer a promising future in this industry. This study assesses the compressive strength of various infill structures (honeycomb, grid, triangle, cubic, and gyroid) when considering two distinct build directions (Z, XY) to enhance PEEK’s economic and resource efficiency in rapid tooling. A comparison with PETG samples shows the behavior of the infill strategies. Additionally, a proof of concept illustrates the application of a PEEK mold in vulcanization. A peak compressive strength of 135.6 MPa was attained in specimens that were 100% solid and subjected to thermal post-treatment. This corresponds to a 20% strength improvement in the Z direction. In terms of time and mechanical properties, the anisotropic grid and isotropic cubic infill have emerged for use in rapid tooling. Furthermore, the study highlights that reducing the layer thickness from 0.15 mm to 0.1 mm can result in a 15% strength increase. The study unveils the successful utilization of a room-temperature FFF-printed PEEK mold in vulcanization injection molding. The parameters and infill strategies identified in this research enable the resource-efficient FFF printing of PEEK without compromising its strength properties. Using PEEK in rapid tooling allows a cost reduction of up to 70% in tool production. KW - polyetheretherketone (PEEK) KW - rapid tooling KW - infill strategy KW - compression behavior KW - additive manufacturing KW - fused filament fabrication Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15214293 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Polymer Materials and Design Processes for Additively Manufactured Products" VL - 2023 IS - 15 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fayyazi, Mojgan A1 - Sardar, Paramjotsingh A1 - Thomas, Sumit Infent A1 - Daghigh, Roonak A1 - Jamali, Ali A1 - Esch, Thomas A1 - Kemper, Hans A1 - Langari, Reza A1 - Khayyam, Hamid T1 - Artificial intelligence/machine learning in energy management systems, control, and optimization of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles N2 - Environmental emissions, global warming, and energy-related concerns have accelerated the advancements in conventional vehicles that primarily use internal combustion engines. Among the existing technologies, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles may have minimal contributions to greenhouse gas emissions and thus are the prime choices for environmental concerns. However, energy management in fuel cell electric vehicles and fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles is a major challenge. Appropriate control strategies should be used for effective energy management in these vehicles. On the other hand, there has been significant progress in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and designing data-driven intelligent controllers. These techniques have found much attention within the community, and state-of-the-art energy management technologies have been developed based on them. This manuscript reviews the application of machine learning and intelligent controllers for prediction, control, energy management, and vehicle to everything (V2X) in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The effectiveness of data-driven control and optimization systems are investigated to evolve, classify, and compare, and future trends and directions for sustainability are discussed. KW - optimization system KW - intelligent control KW - fuel cell vehicle KW - machine learning KW - artificial intelligence KW - intelligent energy management Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065249 N1 - This article belongs to the Special Issue "Circular Economy and Artificial Intelligence" VL - 15 IS - 6 SP - 38 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Droop, Philipp A1 - Chen, Shaohuang A1 - Radford, Melissa J. A1 - Paulßen, Elisabeth A1 - Gates, Byron D. A1 - Reilly, Raymond M. A1 - Radchenko, Valery A1 - Hoehr, Cornelia T1 - Synthesis of 197m/gHg labelled gold nanoparticles for targeted radionuclide therapy JF - Radiochimica Acta N2 - Meitner-Auger-electron emitters have a promising potential for targeted radionuclide therapy of cancer because of their short range and the high linear energy transfer of Meitner-Auger-electrons (MAE). One promising MAE candidate is 197m/gHg with its half-life of 23.8 h and 64.1 h, respectively, and high MAE yield. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that are labelled with 197m/gHg could be a helpful tool for radiation treatment of glioblastoma multiforme when infused into the surgical cavity after resection to prevent recurrence. To produce such AuNPs, 197m/gHg was embedded into pristine AuNPs. Two different syntheses were tested starting from irradiated gold containing trace amounts of 197m/gHg. When sodium citrate was used as reducing agent, no 197m/gHg labelled AuNPs were formed, but with tannic acid, 197m/gHg labeled AuNPs were produced. The method was optimized by neutralizing the pH (pH = 7) of the Au/197m/gHg solution, which led to labelled AuNPs with a size of 12.3 ± 2.0 nm as measured by transmission electron microscopy. The labelled AuNPs had a concentration of 50 μg (gold)/mL with an activity of 151 ± 93 kBq/mL (197gHg, time corrected to the end of bombardment). KW - 197m/gHg KW - Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) KW - Meitner-Auger-electron (MAE) KW - Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/ract-2023-0144 SN - 2193-3405 VL - 111 IS - 10 SP - 773 EP - 779 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mues genannt Koers, Lucas A1 - Prevost, David A1 - Paulßen, Elisabeth A1 - Hoehr, Cornelia T1 - Density reduction effects on the production of [11C]CO2 in Nb-body targets on a medical cyclotron N2 - Medical isotope production of 11C is commonly performed in gaseous targets. The power deposition of the proton beam during the irradiation decreases the target density due to thermodynamic mixing and can cause an increase of penetration depth and divergence of the proton beam. In order to investigate the difference how the target-body length influences the operation conditions and the production yield, a 12 cm and a 22 cm Nb-target body containing N2/O2 gas were irradiated using a 13 MeV proton cyclotron. It was found that the density reduction has a large influence on the pressure rise during irradiation and the achievable radioactive yield. The saturation activity of [11C]CO2 for the long target (0.083 Ci/μA) is about 10% higher than in the short target geometry (0.075 Ci/μA). Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110911 VL - 199 IS - Art. 110911 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stiemer, Luc Nicolas A1 - Thoma, Andreas A1 - Braun, Carsten T1 - MBT3D: Deep learning based multi-object tracker for bumblebee 3D flight path estimation JF - PLoS ONE N2 - This work presents the Multi-Bees-Tracker (MBT3D) algorithm, a Python framework implementing a deep association tracker for Tracking-By-Detection, to address the challenging task of tracking flight paths of bumblebees in a social group. While tracking algorithms for bumblebees exist, they often come with intensive restrictions, such as the need for sufficient lighting, high contrast between the animal and background, absence of occlusion, significant user input, etc. Tracking flight paths of bumblebees in a social group is challenging. They suddenly adjust movements and change their appearance during different wing beat states while exhibiting significant similarities in their individual appearance. The MBT3D tracker, developed in this research, is an adaptation of an existing ant tracking algorithm for bumblebee tracking. It incorporates an offline trained appearance descriptor along with a Kalman Filter for appearance and motion matching. Different detector architectures for upstream detections (You Only Look Once (YOLOv5), Faster Region Proposal Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN), and RetinaNet) are investigated in a comparative study to optimize performance. The detection models were trained on a dataset containing 11359 labeled bumblebee images. YOLOv5 reaches an Average Precision of AP = 53, 8%, Faster R-CNN achieves AP = 45, 3% and RetinaNet AP = 38, 4% on the bumblebee validation dataset, which consists of 1323 labeled bumblebee images. The tracker’s appearance model is trained on 144 samples. The tracker (with Faster R-CNN detections) reaches a Multiple Object Tracking Accuracy MOTA = 93, 5% and a Multiple Object Tracking Precision MOTP = 75, 6% on a validation dataset containing 2000 images, competing with state-of-the-art computer vision methods. The framework allows reliable tracking of different bumblebees in the same video stream with rarely occurring identity switches (IDS). MBT3D has much lower IDS than other commonly used algorithms, with one of the lowest false positive rates, competing with state-of-the-art animal tracking algorithms. The developed framework reconstructs the 3-dimensional (3D) flight paths of the bumblebees by triangulation. It also handles and compares two alternative stereo camera pairs if desired. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291415 SN - 1932-6203 N1 - Corresponding author: Luc Nicolas Stiemer VL - 18 IS - 9 PB - PLOS CY - San Fancisco ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bialonski, Stephan A1 - Grieger, Niklas T1 - Der KI-Chatbot ChatGPT: Eine Herausforderung für die Hochschulen JF - Die neue Hochschule N2 - Essays, Gedichte, Programmcode: ChatGPT generiert automatisch Texte auf bisher unerreicht hohem Niveau. Dieses und nachfolgende Systeme werden nicht nur die akademische Welt nachhaltig verändern. Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7533758 SN - 0340-448X VL - 2023 IS - 1 SP - 24 EP - 27 PB - HLB CY - Bonn ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Golland, Alexander A1 - Kelbch, Niklas T1 - Kartellrecht vs. Datenschutzrecht: Rechtsgrundlagen für die Datenverarbeitung in sozialen Netzwerken JF - DSB Datenschutz-Berater Y1 - 2023 SN - 0170-7256 IS - 9 SP - 247 EP - 249 PB - DFV Mediengruppe CY - Frankfurt a.M. ER -