TY - CHAP A1 - Kraft, Bodo A1 - Nagl, Manfred T1 - Parameterized specification of conceptual design tools in civil engineering N2 - Applications of Graph Transformations with Industrial Relevance Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004, Volume 3062/2004, 90-105, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-25959-6_7 In this paper we discuss how tools for conceptual design in civil engineering can be developed using graph transformation specifications. These tools consist of three parts: (a) for elaborating specific conceptual knowledge (knowledge engineer), (b) for working out conceptual design results (architect), and (c) automatic consistency analyses which guarantee that design results are consistent with the underlying specific conceptual knowledge. For the realization of such tools we use a machinery based on graph transformations. In a traditional PROGRES tool specification the conceptual knowledge for a class of buildings is hard-wired within the specification. This is not appropriate for the experimentation platform approach we present in this paper, as objects and relations for conceptual knowledge are due to many changes, implied by evaluation of their use and corresponding improvements. Therefore, we introduce a parametric specification method with the following characteristics: (1) The underlying specific knowledge for a class of buildings is not fixed. Instead, it is built up as a data base by using the knowledge tools. (2) The specification for the architect tools also does not incorporate specific conceptual knowledge. (3) An incremental checker guarantees whether a design result is consistent with the current state of the underlying conceptual knowledge (data base). KW - CAD KW - CAD KW - Bauingenieurwesen KW - CAD KW - civil engineering Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kraft, Bodo T1 - Conceptual design tools for civil engineering N2 - Applications of Graph Transformations with Industrial Relevance Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2004, Volume 3062/2004, 434-439, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-25959-6_33 This paper gives a brief overview of the tools we have developed to support conceptual design in civil engineering. Based on the UPGRADE framework, two applications, one for the knowledge engineer and another for architects allow to store domain specific knowledge and to use this knowledge during conceptual design. Consistency analyses check the design against the defined knowledge and inform the architect if rules are violated. KW - CAD KW - CAD KW - Bauingenieurwesen KW - CAD KW - civil engineering Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kraft, Bodo A1 - Wilhelms, N. T1 - Interactive distributed knowledge support for conceptual building design N2 - In: Net-distributed Co-operation : Xth International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering, Weimar, June 02 - 04, 2004 ; proceedings / [ed. by Karl Beuke ...] . - Weimar: Bauhaus-Univ. Weimar 2004. - 1. Aufl. . Seite 1-14 ISBN 3-86068-213-X International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Engineering <10, 2004, Weimar> Summary In our project, we develop new tools for the conceptual design phase. During conceptual design, the coarse functionality and organization of a building is more important than a detailed worked out construction. We identify two roles, first the knowledge engineer who is responsible for knowledge definition and maintenance; second the architect who elaborates the conceptual de-sign. The tool for the knowledge engineer is based on graph technology, it is specified using PROGRES and the UPGRADE framework. The tools for the architect are integrated to the in-dustrial CAD tool ArchiCAD. Consistency between knowledge and conceptual design is en-sured by the constraint checker, another extension to ArchiCAD. KW - CAD KW - CAD KW - Bauingenieurwesen KW - CAD KW - civil engineering Y1 - 2004 SN - 3-86068-213-X ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kirchhof, M. A1 - Kraft, Bodo T1 - UML-based modeling of architectural knowledge and design N2 - IASSE-2004 - 13th International Conference on Intelligent and Adaptive Systems and Software Engineering eds. W. Dosch, N. Debnath, pp. 245-250, ISCA, Cary, NC, 1-3 July 2004, Nice, France We introduce a UML-based model for conceptual design support in civil engineering. Therefore, we identify required extensions to standard UML. Class diagrams are used for elaborating building typespecific knowledge: Object diagrams, implicitly contained in the architect’s sketch, are validated against the defined knowledge. To enable the use of industrial, domain-specific tools, we provide an integrated conceptual design extension. The developed tool support is based on graph rewriting. With our approach architects are enabled to deal with semantic objects during early design phase, assisted by incremental consistency checks. KW - UML KW - UML KW - Unified Modeling Language KW - UML KW - Unified Modeling Language Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Digel, Ilya A1 - Demirci, Taylan A1 - Trzewik, Jürgen A1 - Linder, Peter A1 - Temiz Artmann, Aysegül T1 - Fibroblast response to mechanical stress: role of the adhesion substrate : [abstract] N2 - Mechanical stimulation of the cells resulted in evident changes in the cell morphology, protein composition and gene expression. Microscopically, additional formation of stress fibers accompanied by cell re-arrangements in a monolayer was observed. Also, significant activation of p53 gene was revealed as compared to control. Interestingly, the use of CellTech membrane coating induced cell death after mechanical stress had been applied. Such an effect was not detected when fibronectin had been used as an adhesion substrate. KW - Fibroblast KW - Mechanische Beanspruchung KW - celldrum technology Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schermutzki, Margret T1 - ECTS, Workload, Credits, Module ... : Neue Studienstrukturen in Europa N2 - Informationen zur Einführung von ECTS zur europäisch einheitlichen Bewertung von Studienleistungen Basierung der ECTS auf der tatsächlichen Arbeitsbelastung der Studierenden Möglichkeiten zur Ermittlung der Arbeitsbelastung KW - Bologna-Prozess KW - ECTS KW - Arbeitsbelastung KW - Europäisches Leistungspunktesystem KW - Bewertung von Studienleistungen . Studierendenmobilität KW - European Credit Transfer System KW - Workload Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fabo, Sabine T1 - Audio-visual hybrids : between immersion and detachment N2 - Close interrelations between sound and image are not a mere phenomenon of today’s multimedia technology. The idea of the synthesis of different media lies at the core of the concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk in the second half of the 19th century and it can also be traced back to the synaesthesia debate at the beginning of the 20th century [...]. KW - Elektronische Kunst KW - Klangkunst KW - Hybride Kunst KW - Medienkunst KW - Hybrid Art KW - Sound Art KW - Audio-visual Art Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Surtees, A. J. A1 - Gillespie, A. A1 - Kern, Alexander A1 - Rousseau, A. T1 - DEVELOPMENT OF A RISK ASSESSMENT CALCULATOR BASED ON A SIMPLIFIED FORM OF THE IEC 62305-2 STANDARD ON LIGHTNING PROTECTION N2 - Neue Blitzschutznorm IEC 62305. Entwicklung einer einfachen Software zur Risikoabwägung N2 - IEC Technical Committee 81 is currently creating the new IEC 62305 series of standards on Lightning Protection. Working Group 9 is responsible for Part 2 of this series, which deals with the assessment and management of risk its CDV (Committee Draft for Voting) stage and has been circulated to National Committees for comment. The paper details the development of the Simplified IEC Risk Assessment Calculator software tool as described in Informative Annex J of IEC62305-2 Ed.1/CDV 2. This tool is intended as a simplified implementation of the more rigorous treatment of risk management found in the written document. It is designed to be relatively intuitive for users who wish to obtain an initial assessment of risk sensitivity, but should not be considered a substitute to a full understanding of the methods provided in the standard when dealing with more complicated structures or those where greater risks to personal or system operation are involved. KW - Risiko KW - Risikoabwägung KW - Blitzrisiko KW - Blitzschutz KW - Risk KW - Risk Management KW - Risk Assessment KW - Lightning Risk KW - Lightning Protection Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kern, Alexander A1 - Heidler, Fridolin A1 - Seevers, M. A1 - Zischank, Wolfgang J. T1 - Magnetic Fields and Induced Voltages in case of a Direct Strike - Comparison of Results obtained from Measurements at a Scaled Building to those of IEC 62305-4 N2 - In the paper the results obtained from experiments at a modelled reinforced building in case of a direct lightning strike are compared with calculations. The comparison includes peak values of the magnetic field Hmax, its derivative (dH/dt)max and of induced voltages umax in typical cable routings. The experiments are performed at a 1:6 scaled building and the results are extrapolated using the similarity relations theory. The calculations are based on the approximate formulae given in IEC 62305-4 and have to be supplemented by a rough estimation of the additional shielding effect of a second reinforcement layer. The comparison shows, that the measured peak values of the magnetic field and its derivative are mostly lower than the calculated. The induced voltages are in good agreement. Hence, calculations of the induced voltages based on IEC 62305-4 are a good method for lightning protection studies of buildings, where the reinforcement is used as a grid-like electromagnetic shield. N2 - Auswirkungen eines direkten Blitzeinschlages auf ein Gebäude, Vergleich von experimentellen Ergebnissen und Berechnungen basierend auf einer Formel aus der IEC 62305-4 KW - Blitz KW - Direkter Blitzschlag KW - Elektromagnetischer Schutzschild KW - Magnetische Felder KW - Induzierte Spannungen KW - Kalkulation KW - Direct lightning strike KW - electromagnetic shield KW - magnetic fields KW - induced voltages KW - calculations Y1 - 2004 SN - 0304-3886 N1 - Journal of electrostatics: Beitr. auf S. 379 - 385. doi:10.1016/j.elstat.2006.09.004 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zischank, Wolfgang J. A1 - Heidler, Fridolin A1 - Wiesinger, J. A1 - Stimper, K. A1 - Kern, Alexander A1 - Seevers, M. T1 - Magnetic Fields and Induced Voltages inside LPZ 1 Measured at a 1:6 Scale Model Building N2 - Laborexperimente zu Blitzschutzzonen in Stahlbetongebäuden anhand eines Modells im Maßstab 1:6 N2 - For the application of the concept of Lightning Protection Zones (LPZ), the knowledge of the magnetic fields and induced voltages inside a structure is necessary. Laboratory experiments have been conducted at a downscaled model of a building (scale factor 1:6) to determine these electromagnetic quantities in case of a direct strike to the structure. The model (3 m x 2 m x 2 m) represented a small industrial building using the reinforcement of the concrete as electromagnetic shield. The magnetic fields and magnetic field derivatives were measured at several location inside the scaled model. Further, the voltages induced on three typical cable routes inside the model was determined. The influence of the lightning current waveshape, point-of-strike, bonding of the cable routes, and bridging of an expansion joint in the middle of the building on these quantities was studied. KW - Blitzschlag KW - Elektromagnetischer Schutzschild KW - Stahlbeton KW - Maßstabsgetreues Modell KW - Lightning KW - electromagnetic shielding KW - reinforced concrete KW - scaled model Y1 - 2004 ER -